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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charles_Babbage_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Charles Babbage Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charles_Babbage_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Babbage_Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Babbage_Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Babbage Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Babbage_Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archival_papers_and_oral_histories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archival_papers_and_oral_histories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Archival papers and oral histories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archival_papers_and_oral_histories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CBI_History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CBI_History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>CBI History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CBI_History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Preservation and study of computer history</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">IT History Society</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo-iths-wiki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Logo-iths-wiki.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="57" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="51" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2007</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Promote and facilitate the preservation and study of the history of Internet Technology and be a "table of contents" of where information technology history is located</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Origins</th><td class="infobox-data">Charles Babbage Foundation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">World-wide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">700+<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Jeffery Stein</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Board of Directors</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ithistory.org">www<wbr />.ithistory<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>IT History Society</b> (<b>ITHS</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> that supports the <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> by encouraging, fostering, and facilitating archival and historical research. Formerly known as the <b>Charles Babbage Foundation</b>, it advises historians, promotes collaboration among academic organizations and museums, and assists IT corporations in preparing and archiving their histories for future studies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IT History Society<sup id="cite_ref-ByPresidentCRA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByPresidentCRA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides background information to those with an interest in the history of <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology">Information Technology</a>, including papers that provide advice on how to perform historical work and how historical activities can benefit private sector organizations. It tracks historical projects seeking funding as well as projects underway and completed. It maintains online, publicly available, lists of events pertaining to IT history, IT history resources, an IT Honor Roll acknowledging more than 700 individuals who have made a noteworthy contribution to the information technology industry, and a database of notable technology quotes. </p><p>A continuing project is one of aggregating the locations and content of IT history archival information around the world to facilitate and encourage IT history research and scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-tech_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tech-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This International Database of Historical and Archival Sites currently consists of 1,663 international information technology historical and archival collections encompassing over 49.8 million documents.<sup id="cite_ref-tech_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tech-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An IT Hardware database has been added consisting of 12,187 entries, an IT Honor Roll with 1,031 entries, and a Technical Quotes database with over 1,000 entries. These databases are being added to on a regular basis an IT Software and IT Companies databases will debut soon. ITHS holds an annual meeting and conference. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Charles Babbage Society was founded in 1978 and operated out of <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>. The following year the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies" title="American Federation of Information Processing Societies">American Federation of Information Processing Societies</a> (AFIPS) became a principal sponsor of the society, which was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, the institute moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, which contracted with the principals of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a> to sponsor and house the institute.<sup id="cite_ref-AtUMinnNYT_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtUMinnNYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new entity, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Foundation">Charles Babbage Foundation</a>, was created to help support and govern the institute, in partnership with the university. In 1989, CBI became an organized research unit of the university. </p><p>Around 2000, CBF broadened its mission to support the history of information technology through other organizations, collaborating, for example, with the <a href="/wiki/Sloan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloan Foundation">Sloan Foundation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_History_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Software History Center (page does not exist)">Software History Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> in experimenting with Internet-based archival and historical research. In 2002, the Charles Babbage Foundation broadened its mission to support the entire IT history community. In 2007, CBF changed its name to the IT History Society and reworked its programs to better support the IT history community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charles_Babbage_Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Charles Babbage Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Charles Babbage Institute</b> is a research center at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> specializing in the history of <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, particularly the history of digital computing, programming/software, and computer networking since 1935. The institute is named for <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, the nineteenth-century English inventor of the programmable computer.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute is located in <a href="/wiki/Elmer_L._Andersen" title="Elmer L. Andersen">Elmer L. Andersen</a> Library at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Libraries" title="University of Minnesota Libraries">University of Minnesota Libraries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Babbage_Activities">Babbage Activities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Babbage Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to holding important historical archives, in paper and electronic form, its staff of historians and archivists conduct and publish historical and archival research that promotes the study of the history of information technology internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CBI also encourages research in the area and related topics (such as <a href="/wiki/Archiving" class="mw-redirect" title="Archiving">archival methods</a>); to do this, it offers graduate fellowships<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and travel grants,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organizes conferences and workshops, and participates in public programming. It also serves as an international clearinghouse of resources for the history of information technology. </p><p>Also valuable for researchers are its extensive collection of <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a> interviews, more than 400 in total. Oral histories with important early figures in the field have been conducted by CBI staff and collaborating colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the poorly documented state of many early computer developments, these oral histories are immensely valuable documents. One author called the set of CBI oral histories "a priceless resource for any historian of computing."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of CBI's oral histories are transcribed and available online.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The archival collection also contains <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a>; records of <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional associations</a>; corporate records (including the <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a> corporate records and the <a href="/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data</a> corporate records, among many others); <a href="/wiki/Trade_publication" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade publication">trade publications</a>; <a href="/wiki/Periodicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodicals">periodicals</a>; manuals and product literature for older systems, photographic material (stills and moving), and a variety of other rare reference materials. </p><p>It is now a center at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, and is located on its <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis-St._Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis-St. Paul">Twin Cities</a>, Minneapolis campus, where it is housed in the <a href="/wiki/Elmer_L._Andersen" title="Elmer L. Andersen">Elmer L. Andersen</a> Library on the West Bank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archival_papers_and_oral_histories">Archival papers and oral histories</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archival papers and oral histories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CBI has collections of archival papers and oral histories from many notable figures in computing including: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Amdahl" title="Gene Amdahl">Gene Amdahl</a></li> <li>Walter L. Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_L._Auerbach" title="Isaac L. Auerbach">Isaac L. Auerbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Bace" title="Rebecca Bace">Rebecca Bace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">Charles W. Bachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bartik" title="Jean Bartik">Jean Bartik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Berkeley" title="Edmund Berkeley">Edmund Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSA_Security" title="RSA Security">James Bidzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Blanch" title="Gertrude Blanch">Gertrude Blanch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Day_(computer_scientist)" title="John Day (computer scientist)">John Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_John_Eckert" title="Wallace John Eckert">Wallace John Eckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Illmer_Forsythe" title="Alexandra Illmer Forsythe">Alexandra Illmer Forsythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_R._Fox" title="Margaret R. Fox">Margaret R. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Gartner" title="Gideon Gartner">Gideon Gartner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gilchrist" title="Bruce Gilchrist">Bruce Gilchrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datamation#Misc" title="Datamation">George Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Goetz" title="Martin Goetz">Martin A. Goetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_H._Golub" title="Gene H. Golub">Gene H. Golub</a></li> <li>Carl Hammer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">Martin Hellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Holberton" title="Betty Holberton">Frances E. Holberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Hurd" title="Cuthbert Hurd">Cuthbert Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_K._Jones" title="Anita K. Jones">Anita K. Jones</a></li> <li>Brian Kahin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a></li> <li>Bryan S. Kocher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_P._McCahill" title="Mark P. McCahill">Mark P. McCahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._McCracken" title="Daniel D. McCracken">Daniel D. McCracken</a></li> <li>Alex McKenzie</li> <li>Carl Machover</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sean_Mahoney" title="Michael Sean Mahoney">Michael Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Mooers" title="Calvin Mooers">Calvin N. Mooers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Norris_(CEO)" title="William Norris (CEO)">William C. Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Nycum" title="Susan Nycum">Susan Nycum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn_B._Parker" title="Donn B. Parker">Donn B. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan J. Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Price_(business_executive)" title="Robert M. Price (business executive)">Robert M. Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Kelly_Schultz" title="Claire Kelly Schultz">Claire K. Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Tomash" title="Erwin Tomash">Erwin Tomash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Uncapher" title="Keith Uncapher">Keith Uncapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Ware" title="Willis Ware">Willis Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Winograd" title="Terry Winograd">Terry Winograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Winston" title="Patrick Winston">Patrick Winston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Zuse" title="Konrad Zuse">Konrad Zuse</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CBI_History">CBI History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: CBI History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CBI was founded in 1978 by <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Tomash" title="Erwin Tomash">Erwin Tomash</a> and associates as the <i>International Charles Babbage Society</i>, and initially operated in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>. </p><p>In 1979, the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies" title="American Federation of Information Processing Societies">American Federation of Information Processing Societies</a></i> (AFIPS) became a principal sponsor of the Society, which was renamed the Charles Babbage Institute. </p><p>In 1980, the institute moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, which contracted with the principals of the Charles Babbage Institute to sponsor and house the institute. In 1989, CBI became an organized research unit of the university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing" title="History of computing">History of computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware" title="History of computing hardware">History of computing hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_operating_systems" title="History of operating systems">History of operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_internet" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the internet">History of the internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_governance" title="Internet governance">Internet governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science" title="List of pioneers in computer science">List of pioneers in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_Setting_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Standards Setting Organization">Standards Setting Organization</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121104646/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2010/11/prweb4806564.htm">IT History Society's Databases Continue to Grow</a>, <a href="/wiki/PRWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="PRWeb">PRWeb</a>, November 19, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ByPresidentCRA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ByPresidentCRA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cra.org/crn/2011/09/it_history_society_-_an_it_teaching_and_research_resource/"><i>IT History Society – An IT Teaching and Research Resource</i></a>, September 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IT+History+Society+%E2%80%93+An+IT+Teaching+and+Research+Resource&rft.date=2011-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcra.org%2Fcrn%2F2011%2F09%2Fit_history_society_-_an_it_teaching_and_research_resource%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tech-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tech_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tech_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whatsyourtech.ca/2010/04/23/digital-libraries-save-up-canadian-content-tweets-and-everything-else/">What's Your Tech</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/17/obituaries/paul-berthiaume-dies-led-information-bank.html">"Paul Berthiaume Dies; Led Information Bank"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 17, 1981<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>. <q>the Charles Babbage Institute, an organization devoted to the history of information processing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Paul+Berthiaume+Dies%3B+Led+Information+Bank&rft.date=1981-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F10%2F17%2Fobituaries%2Fpaul-berthiaume-dies-led-information-bank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/06/us/briefing-a-n-by-any-name-is-still-a-n.html">"A N by Any Name is Still a N"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 6, 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+N+by+Any+Name+is+Still+a+N&rft.date=1986-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F07%2F06%2Fus%2Fbriefing-a-n-by-any-name-is-still-a-n.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtUMinnNYT-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AtUMinnNYT_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Lohr2011" class="citation news cs1">Steve Lohr (August 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/13/technology/daniel-d-mccracken-dies-at-81-wrote-best-sellers-on-using-computers.html">"Daniel D. McCracken, Expert on Computers, Dies at 81"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>. <q>with the Charles Babbage Institute at the University of Minnesota, which conducts historical research on computing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Daniel+D.+McCracken%2C+Expert+on+Computers%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft.au=Steve+Lohr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F13%2Ftechnology%2Fdaniel-d-mccracken-dies-at-81-wrote-best-sellers-on-using-computers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Aspray, "Leadership in Computing History: Arthur Norberg and the Charles Babbage Institute." <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing" title="IEEE Annals of the History of Computing">IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</a>, 29(4) (October–December 2007): 16–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/staff_publications.pdf">"CBI Staff Publication List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBI+Staff+Publication+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbi.umn.edu%2Fresearch%2Fstaff_publications.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/tfellowship.html">"CBI Research Program: Tomash Fellowship"</a>. <i>www.cbi.umn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbi.umn.edu&rft.atitle=CBI+Research+Program%3A+Tomash+Fellowship&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbi.umn.edu%2Fresearch%2Ftfellowship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/ntravelfund.html">"CBI Research Program: Norberg Travel Fund"</a>. <i>www.cbi.umn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbi.umn.edu&rft.atitle=CBI+Research+Program%3A+Norberg+Travel+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbi.umn.edu%2Fresearch%2Fntravelfund.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/59493">"Oral history interviews"</a>. <i>University of Minnesota</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11299%2F59493">11299/59493</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Minnesota&rft.atitle=Oral+history+interviews&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11299%2F59493&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fhandle%2F11299%2F59493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIT+History+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Mitchell Waldrop, <i>The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal</i> (2001): quote p. 483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/index.html">Oral histories</a>, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ithistory.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/">CBI website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/about/nsl/v3n1.pdf">History of CBI and CBF</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Western_U.S._historical_societies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_societies_in_the_United_States" title="List of historical societies in the United States">U.S. historical societies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Historical_Society" title="Arizona Historical Society">Arizona Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona" title="Tempe, Arizona">Tempe</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Aviation_Historical_Society" title="Colorado Aviation Historical Society">Colorado Aviation Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Colorado" title="History Colorado">History Colorado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessemer Historical Society">Bessemer Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Historical_Aircraft_Society" title="Pueblo Historical Aircraft Society">Pueblo Historical Aircraft Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Preservation" title="Adventures in Preservation">Adventures in Preservation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_French_Historical_Studies" title="Society for French Historical Studies">Society for French Historical Studies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_Historical_Society" title="St. Vrain Historical Society">St. Vrain Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Longmont,_Colorado" title="Longmont, Colorado">Longmont</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Historical_Society" title="Idaho State Historical Society">Idaho State Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho">Moscow</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Helena" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Historical_Society" title="Montana Historical Society">Montana Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Montana_Pioneers" title="Society of Montana Pioneers">Society of Montana Pioneers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_societies_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical societies in Nevada">Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Historical_Society" title="Las Vegas Historical Society">Las Vegas Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_societies_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical societies in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Historic_Preservation_Division" title="New Mexico Historic Preservation Division">New Mexico Historic Preservation Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_History_Library" title="Church History Library">Church History Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Utah_Pioneers" title="Daughters of Utah Pioneers">Daughters of Utah Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_State_Historical_Society" title="Utah State Historical Society">Utah State Historical Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_History_Association" title="Mormon History Association">Mormon History Association</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heber_City,_Utah" title="Heber City, Utah">Heber City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame" title="Utah Aviation Hall of Fame">Utah Aviation Hall of Fame</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roy,_Utah" title="Roy, Utah">Roy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Division_of_State_Parks_and_Historic_Sites" title="Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites">Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific states">Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-Californian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Historical_Society" title="California Historical Society">California Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Register_of_Historical_Resources" title="California Register of Historical Resources">California Register of Historical Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Sons_of_the_Golden_West" title="Native Sons of the Golden West">Native Sons of the Golden West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_California_Pioneers" title="Society of California Pioneers">Society of California Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_Clampus_Vitus" title="E Clampus Vitus">E Clampus Vitus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area">Bay Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Architectural_Heritage_Association" title="Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association">Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Historical_Society" title="Berkeley Historical Society">Berkeley Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Trolley_and_Railroad_Corporation" title="California Trolley and Railroad Corporation">California Trolley and Railroad Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLBT_Historical_Society" title="GLBT Historical Society">GLBT Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_Area_Historical_Society" title="Hayward Area Historical Society">Hayward Area Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_San_Jos%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="History San José">History San José</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IT History Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Heritage_Alliance" title="Oakland Heritage Alliance">Oakland Heritage Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Museum_and_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Museum and Historical Society">San Francisco Museum and Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_Historical_Association" title="Silicon Valley Historical Association">Silicon Valley Historical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County_Historical_Society" title="Sonoma County Historical Society">Sonoma County Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_Historical_Railroad_Society" title="South Bay Historical Railroad Society">South Bay Historical Railroad Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadelands_Ranch" title="Shadelands Ranch">Walnut Creek Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Society_for_French_History" title="Western Society for French History">Western Society for French History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpinteria_Valley_Museum_of_History" title="Carpinteria Valley Museum of History">Carpinteria Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Conejo Valley Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stow_House" title="Stow House">Goleta Valley Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajaro_Valley_Historical_Association" title="Pajaro Valley Historical Association">Pajaro Valley Historical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Buenaventura_Conservancy" title="San Buenaventura Conservancy">San Buenaventura Conservancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tejon_Historical_Association" title="Fort Tejon Historical Association">Fort Tejon Historical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County_Historical_Society_and_Museum" title="San Joaquin County Historical Society and Museum">San Joaquin County Historical Society and Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater<br />Los Angeles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Moving_Image_Archivists" title="Association of Moving Image Archivists">Association of Moving Image Archivists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centinela_Adobe" title="Centinela Adobe">Centinela Valley Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Historical_Society_of_Southern_California" title="Chinese Historical Society of Southern California">Chinese Historical Society of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty_Conservation_Institute" title="Getty Conservation Institute">Getty Conservation Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft_Historical_Society" title="H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society">H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Conservancy" title="Los Angeles Conservancy">Los Angeles Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley_Historical_Society" title="San Fernando Valley Historical Society">San Fernando Valley Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Preservation_of_Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Society for the Preservation of Downtown Los Angeles">Society for the Preservation of Downtown Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Adams_Heritage_Association" title="West Adams Heritage Association">West Adams Heritage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Museum" title="Westminster Museum">Westminster Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittier_Conservancy" title="Whittier Conservancy">Whittier Conservancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Aviation_Historical_Society" title="American Aviation Historical Society">American Aviation Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Ancient_Historians" title="Association of Ancient Historians">Association of Ancient Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Historical_Society" title="La Jolla Historical Society">La Jolla Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Historical_Society_(Orange_County,_California)" title="Orange County Historical Society (Orange County, California)">Orange County Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_History_Center" title="San Diego History Center">San Diego History Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Heritage_Organisation" title="Save Our Heritage Organisation">Save Our Heritage Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgemoor_Farm_Dairy_Barn#Santee_Historical_Society_Museum" title="Edgemoor Farm Dairy Barn">Santee Historical Society Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conference_on_Faith_and_History" title="The Conference on Faith and History">The Conference on Faith and History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County_Historical_Society" title="Humboldt County Historical Society">Humboldt County Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eureka,_California" title="Eureka, California">Eureka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County_Historical_Museum" title="Modoc County Historical Museum">Modoc County Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alturas,_California" title="Alturas, California">Alturas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_City_Firehouse_No._2" title="Nevada City Firehouse No. 2">Nevada County Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nevada_City,_California" title="Nevada City, California">Nevada City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perris_Valley_Historical_and_Museum_Association" title="Perris Valley Historical and Museum Association">Perris Valley Historical and Museum Association</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perris,_California" title="Perris, California">Perris</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Historical_Society" title="Hawaiian Historical Society">Hawaiian Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Recorded_Sound_Collections" title="Association for Recorded Sound Collections">Association for Recorded Sound Collections</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Electric_Railway_Historical_Society" title="Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society">Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Historical_Society" title="Oregon Historical Society">Oregon Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restore_Oregon" title="Restore Oregon">Restore Oregon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Archaeology_and_Historic_Preservation" title="Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation">Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Women%27s_History_Consortium" title="Washington Women's History Consortium">Washington Women's History Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Seattle" title="Historic Seattle">Historic Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_Maritime_Historical_Society" title="Puget Sound Maritime Historical Society">Puget Sound Maritime Historical Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Environmental_History" title="American Society for Environmental History">American Society for Environmental History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Historical_Society" title="Washington State Historical Society">Washington State Historical Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_History_Association" title="Disability History Association">Disability History Association</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washington" title="Mountlake Terrace, Washington">Mountlake Terrace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastside_Heritage_Center" title="Eastside Heritage Center">Eastside Heritage Center</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_Island_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercer Island Historical Society">Mercer Island Historical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercer_Island,_Washington" title="Mercer Island, Washington">Mercer Island</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Lighthouse_Society" title="United States Lighthouse Society">United States Lighthouse Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hansville,_Washington" title="Hansville, Washington">Hansville</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&oldid=1240400498#Charles_Babbage_Institute">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IT_History_Society&oldid=1240400498#Charles_Babbage_Institute</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charles_Babbage" 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