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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0"/> <title>Help - Georeferenced Maps - National Library of Scotland</title> <meta name="Description" content="Help on using our georeferenced map viewers" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/css/maps-text.css?v=202405" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/css/maps-text-print.css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/css/mobile-general.css?v=2023-04" media="screen and (min-width : 320px) and (max-width : 850px) " /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/scripts/loadDigitalOrdersMenu.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = [{ 'gtm.blocklist': ['nonGooglePixels'] }]; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'functionality_storage': 'denied', 'personalization_storage': 'denied', 'security_storage': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied' }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WN8LDXKJ');</script> </head> <body id="normal" onload="loadDigitalOrdersMenu();"> <div id="header" role="banner"> <a href="https://www.nls.uk/"><img id="NLSLogo" src="/assets/graphics/nls_logo.png" width="342" height="58" alt="National Library of Scotland" /></a> <h1 id="siteTitle"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/">Map images</a></h1>   <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/scripts/searchText.js"></script> <form action="https://www.google.com/cse" method="get" class="headerSearchForm"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="004988112283334510717:dtvnxsp4ug8" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8" /> <input type="submit" value="" id="headerSearchFormSubmitButton" alt="keyword search button" title="keyword search button" /> <label for="headerSearchFormSearchBox" id="headerSearchFormLabel" >Search:</label> <input type="text" name="q" id="headerSearchFormSearchBox" value="" /> </form> <div id="bar"> <ul id="URHere"><li><a href="/">Maps home</a> > </li> <li> <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id="mainContentOuter"> <div id="mainContent" role="main"> <h2 id="pageTitle">Georeferenced Maps - Help </h2> <p><a href="/geo/explore/">This application</a> allows a set of historical map overlays to be viewed. These are sets of maps that have had their sheet margins cropped and geographical coordinates assigned to the map images to create a seamless georeferenced layer or mosaic, positioned in its correct location in the real world. The application complements our <em><a href="/geo/find/">Map Finder</a></em> application which allows individual maps to be selected and viewed.</p> <p><strong><a href="http://maps.nls.uk/videos/?vid=Georeferenced-Maps-Help-2023">Watch a Help video</a></strong> on the <em>Georeferenced Maps</em> viewer. <a href="#georeferencing">What is georeferencing</a>?</p> <h3>Georeferenced Maps - main Overlay viewer</h3> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/layers-panel.jpg" width="200" border="1" alt="Screengrab image of layers panel" /></div> <ul> <li><a href="#search">Main search process</a></li> <li><a href="#switch-overlays">Switch overlay lists</a></li> <li><a href="#filter-overlays">Filter overlays</a></li> <li><a href="#georeferencing">What is georeferencing</a> ?</li> </ul> <h4 style="margin-top: 70px">Top left</h4> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/search-panel.jpg" width="200" border="1" alt="Screengrab image of search panel" /></div> <ul> <li><a href="#gazetteer">Search using a Gazetteer</a></li> <li><a href="#ngr">Search by National Grid Reference, latitude/longitude or Postcode</a></li> <li><a href="#counties">Search by Counties/Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="#location">Geolocation</a></li> <li><a href="#background">Background map / satellite / LiDAR layers</a></li> </ul> <h4>Top right</h4> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/rotation.jpg" width="200" border="1" alt="Screengrab image of rotation, measurement and drawing tools" /></div> <ul> <li><a href="#add-edit-features">Drawing Tools - Add and Edit Features</a></li> <li><a href="#measurement">Measurement tools</a>  </li> <li><a href="#rotation">Rotation</a></li> </ul> <div class="nomobile"> <ul> <li><a href="#parish">Parish and County information</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="nomobile"> <h4>Lower right</h4> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/height.jpg" width="300" border="1" alt="Screengrab image of Show Height, Elevation Profile and View this map details" /></div> <ul> <li><a href="#height" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on Show height function">Show height</a></li> <li><a href="#elevation-profile-all" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on Elevation Profile function">Elevation profile</a> (for any location)</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="#view-this-map" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on the Display map details function">Display map details? / View or order this map?</a></li> </ul> </div> <h4>Lower left</h4> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/add-layer.jpg" width="200" border="1" alt="Screengrab image of Add Layer panel and printing icon" /></div> <ul> <li><a href="#addlayer">Add Layer</a></li> <li><a href="#printing" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on Printing and Image Export function" >Printing and Image Export/Download</a></li> </ul> <div class="nomobile"> <h4 style="margin-top:150px">Footer</h4> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/footer.jpg" width="500" border="1" alt="Screengrab image of footer options - Show Coordinates, Add Marker, Links and Overlay" /></div> </div> <div class="mobile"> <h4 style="margin-top:100px">Show More Panel</h4> </div> <ul> <li><a href="#map-key">Map Key</a></li> <li><a href="#coordinates">Show Coordinates</a></li> <li><a href="#marker">Adding a Marker</a></li> </ul>  <ul> <li><a href="#links">Links</a></li> </ul> <div class="nomobile"> <ul> <li><a href="#overlay">Overlay</a></li> </ul> </div> <li><a href="#bookmarks">Bookmarks / Linking to the viewer</a></li> </ul> <h3>Related georeferenced map viewers</h3> <ul> <li><a href="#fullscreen">Full/screen draw viewer</a></li> <li><a href="#3D" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on 3D Viewer" >3D viewer</a></li> <li><a href="#spy" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on Spy Viewer" >Spy viewer</a></li> <li><a href="#sidebyside" aria-label="Link on this page to more information on Side by side Viewer" >Side by side viewer</a></li> </ul> <div class = "mobile"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <p>Go to other viewers for the same area:</p> <div align="center"><img src="../img/mapfinder-with-outlines-header.jpg" width="288" alt="Map Finder with Outlines header" title="Map Finder with Outlines header" border="1" /></div> <p>Navigate to the home pages for the particular map series or groups you are looking at:</p> <div align="center"><img src="../img/mapfinder-with-outlines-breadcrumb.jpg" width="288" alt="Map Finder with Outlines navigation panel" title="Map Finder with Outlines navigation panel" border="1" /></div> </div> <a name="search"></a> <h3>Main search process</h3> <div class="nomobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/georeferenced-viewer-help_1_500_2024.jpg" alt="Georeferenced Maps - initial help information - desktop" title="Georeferenced Maps -initial help information - desktop" border="1" width="500" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/explore-georeferenced-maps-help-mobile2.jpg" alt="Georeferenced Maps - initial help information - mobile" title="Georeferenced Maps -initial help information - mobile" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <p>1. Zoom in on your area of interest.</p> <p>2. Choose the historic map overlay that you would like to search from the left-hand list, and then use the gazetteer or map to zoom in to view the detail of the overlay. Select the <b>Zoom to this layer's extents</b> link to zoom to the full geographic extents of the selected overlay. This is particularly useful for the large-scale town plans, that only display at more detailed zoom levels. As you zoom or pan the main map, the historic overlay lists in the left-hand panel update to show just those that cover the current map view.</p> <p>3. To take away the historic map overlay to display the background map/satellite layer, slide the transparency slider bar in the left-hand panel to the left. <div class = "nomobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/georeferenced-viewer-help_2_500_2024.jpg" alt="Georeferenced Maps - more detailed help information" title="Georeferenced Maps - more detailed help information" border="1" width="500" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <p>4. View the mapping in an alternative viewer: for example, the <a href="#fullscreen">Full Screen/Draw</a>, <a href="#3D">3D</a>, or <a href="#spy">Spy Viewer</a>. </p> <p>5. You can <a href="#background">select different background layers</a> using the drop-down list to the upper left of the map. Select <em>Choose any other layer as background</em> to display and select any of the overlay layers as a background layer</p> <p>6. <a href="#measurement">Measure distances and areas</a>. </p> <p>7. <a href="#gazetteer">Search using gazetteers or by National Grid Reference</a>. </p> <a name="switch-overlays"></a> <h3>Switch overlay lists (lower left)</h3> <p>You can display the overlays as one single list or as a split list:</p> <p><center><img src="../img/overlays.gif" alt="Toggle between single lists and split lists of ovrlays" title="Toggle between single lists and split lists of ovrlays" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> <p>You can also sort the single list by Relevance, Scale or Date.</p> <a name="filter-overlays"></a> <h3>Filter overlays (lower left)</h3> <p>By default, the list of overlays are filtered by the area you are looking at in the map. If you zoom in, the overlay lists reduce to just those covering your smaller area. If you zoom out, the overlay lists increase to those covering your wider area.</p> <p>You can also filter the overlays by date, scale or keyword:</p> <p><center><img src="../img/filter-overlays.jpg" alt="Filter overlays by date, scale or keyword" title="Filter overlays by date, scale or keyword" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> <ol> <li><strong>Filter overlays by date</strong> if you are only interested in overlays between a specific date range.</li> <li><strong>Filter overlays by scale</strong> if you are only interested in overlays at particular scales.<br/>Check the <em>Filter by scale automatically</em> checkbox if you would like the list of overlays to reflect your map zoom level. If checked, when you are zoomed out (at smaller scales), just smaller scale overlays are listed; when you are zoomed in (at larger scales), just larger scale overlays are listed.</li> <li><strong>Filter overlays by keyword</strong> to only select overlays containing this keyword in their title. Upper or lower case can be used.</li> </ol> <a name="georeferencing"></a> <h3>What is georeferencing?</h3> <p>Georeferencing assigns geographical coordinates to images of maps, so that they can be located in the real world, and then presented as an overlay on top of a satellite image layer.</p> <div class = "nomobile"> <div align="center"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/img/georef1.gif" width="500" alt="Illustration of georeferencing workflow" title="Illustration of georeferencing workflow" border="1" /></div> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <div align="center"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/img/georef1.gif" width="350" alt="Illustration of georeferencing workflow" title="Illustration of georeferencing workflow" border="1" /></div> </div> <p>Our typical georeferencing workflow for maps in a set or series involves:</p> <ol> <li>locating the four corners of the map, and cropping away the margin of the map outside of these four corners.</li> <li>linking these four corner points to the known real-world coordinates (ie. latitude/longitude points) of the map's corners.</li> <li>repeating this process for all the maps in a series, and then processing these together so that they can be displayed as a seamless layer.</li> </ol> <p>For more detail on our georeferencing process, <a href="http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol_14_3/Fleet.pdf">read a paper</a> (PDF, 1 Mb) by C.Fleet, 'Creating, Managing, and Maximising the Potential of Large Online Georeferenced Map Layers', <em>e-Perimetron</em>, 14(3), 2019 [140-149].</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <a name="gazetteer"></a> <h3>Search using a Gazetteer (top left)</h3> <div class = "mobile"> <p>The <strong>Search Button</strong> <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/assets/graphics/search.png" alt="Search button" title="Search button" border="1" width="26" style="display: inline-block" /> allows you to search using a Gazetteer of Place Names.</p> <p><center><img src="../img/gazetteer-search-mobile.jpg" alt="Search places panel, allowing placenames, or counties / parishes to be searched" title="Search places panel, allowing placenames, or counties / parishes to be searched" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <div class = "nomobile"> <p>The <b>Gazetteer</b> at the top of the map search panel allows you to locate your area on the map using modern place names from <a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Nominatim">Nominatim</a>, using <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org">OpenStreetMap</a> names, as well as the <a href="https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_401740_en.pdf">Definitive Gazetteer for Scotland</a> (PDF, 135KB), developed by Bruce M. Gittings, University of Edinburgh, with funding from the Scottish Government. The OSM Nominatim gazetteer is stronger for larger settlements and street names, as well as for its global coverage, whilst the Definitive Gazetteer for Scotland is particularly strong for smaller rural features in Scotland, such as farms and hamlets, mountains, hills, rivers, streams, and lochs. The two gazetteers are searched collectively using the <a href="http://osmnames.org/">OSMNames</a> technology. </p> <p>The search on <b>OS six-inch 1888-1913 names</b> gazetteer allows the text strings and place names from the <a href="/openlayers.cfm?m=2&id=171">Ordnance Survey six-inch to the mile, 1888-1913 layer</a> to be searched. These are the initial names that have been collected from the <a href="http://geo.nls.uk/maps/gb1900/">GB1900 transcription project</a>. This crowdsourcing project ran from September 2016 to January 2018, and collected 2.6 million names - virtually all the names on this map series covering England, Scotland and Wales. Cleaning and editing of the place name data took place during 2018 and it can be <a href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data/#tabgb1900">downloaded</a> from the Vision of Britain website. The initial set of names being searched on here are the 2.52 million names where two independent transcribers both agreed on the form of the name, and so they are considered to be more accurate. Parish and county names have been assigned to the transcribed name, based on the point location of the pin, in order to reduce ambiguity and provide geographical context. It is hoped that a more complete and edited version of this gazetteer will be released in future. For further information on the GB1900 Project, see H. Southall, P. Aucott, C. Fleet, T. Pert, and M. Stoner, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/iZEpv7jXFIjMFxTPZDyS/full">'GB1900: Engaging the Public in Very Large Scale Gazetteer Construction from the Ordnance Survey 'County Series' 1:10,560 Mapping of Great Britain.'</a>, <em>Journal of Map & Geography Libraries</em>, 13 (1), (2017), pp 7–28, and P. Aucott, C.Fleet and H. Southall, <a href="https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/sheetlines-articles/Issue111page46.pdf">'The GB1900 project – from the horse’s mouth'</a>, <em>Sheetlines</em> 111 (April 2018).</p> <p>In both cases, the map will then position to the place that has been selected.</p> <a name="ngr"></a> <h3>Search by National Grid Reference, Latitude/Longitude or Postcode (top left)</h3> <p>You can search by <b>British National Grid Reference</b> - 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 figures (ie. 'SE12', 'NT1234', 'TQ123456', 'SD12345678', 'SD1234567890'). You can also search using numeric Grid References as Eastings and Northings (ie. '123456,123456'), or by using <b>latitute, longitude</b> (ie. '52.123,-2.345').</p> <p>You can also search by <b>postcode</b>. You can enter just the postcode area (ie. 'EH'), district (ie. 'EH9'), sector (ie. 'EH9 1'), or to the full unit postcode (ie. 'EH9 1SL'), either with a space in the middle (ie. 'EH9 1SL') or without (ie. 'EH91SL'). This uses the <a href="https://osdatahub.os.uk/docs/names/overview">Ordnance Survey Open Names API</a>.</p> <p>You can use upper or lower case letters for the National Grid Reference or Postcode searches.</p> <div class="nomobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/postcode-search.gif" alt="Georeferenced Maps - postcode search" title="Georeferenced Maps - postcode search" border="1" width="600" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/postcode-search.gif" alt="Georeferenced Maps - postcode search" title="Georeferenced Maps - postcode search" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <p>When you press 'Enter' or the 'Go' button, the map will then position to the National Grid Reference, latitude/longitude, or postcode that has been entered with a marker pin on the location. The map zoom level will reflect the scale of the map overlay, zooming to higher levels if you have a larger-scale map overlay selected.</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <a name="counties"></a> <h3>Search by historic counties and parishes (top left)</h3> <p>Further down, drop-down boxes allow <b>counties</b> and <b>parishes</b> (based on their names and boundaries in the 1940s) to be searched. When you select a county, the parishes within that county appear as a second drop-down list, allowing you to select the parish.</p> <p>We gratefully acknowledge <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org">OpenStreetMap</a>, <a href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/">Ordnance Survey</a>, and Bruce M. Gittings, University of Edinburgh for allowing us to use these gazetteers, and the <a href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/">Vision of Britain project</a> for allowing us to use these county and parish boundaries.</p> </div> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <a name="location"></a> <h3 style="margin-top:30px">Show my location? / Geolocation (top left)</h3> <p><div class="nomobile">You can tick the <span class = "searchPanel-img"><img src="/img/geolocation.png" alt="geolocation icon image" width="28" /></span> <strong>Show my location?</strong> option in the upper left-hand panel, and (if you choose to share your location with the application) the approximate location of your device, with a radius around it, will appear as a blue dot with a circle around it on the map. This uses the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/geolocation-API/">W3C Geolocation API specification</a> which provides scripted access to geographical location information associated with your device, by asking you for permission to share your location, enabling the association of your device's IP address with the detected location. We do not store this data.<br/><br/>Click on the <strong>Zoom to my location</strong> link just below the <strong>Show my location?</strong> option to zoom the map in to this location.</p> </div> <div class="mobile">Tap the <strong>Geolocation</strong> button <span class = "searchPanel-img"><img src="/img/geolocation.png" alt="geolocation icon image" width="28" /></span> to the upper left, and (if you choose to share your location with the application) the approximate location of your device, with a radius around it, will appear as a blue dot with a circle around it on the map. This uses the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/geolocation-API/">W3C Geolocation API specification</a> which provides scripted access to geographical location information associated with your device, by asking you for permission to share your location, enabling the association of your device's IP address with the detected location. We do not store this data.<br/><br/>Tap on the <strong>Zoom to my location</strong> link towards the bottom centre of the screen to zoom the map in on this location.</p> </div> <a name="background"></a> <h2>Background map / satellite / LiDAR layers (top left)</h2> <p>By default, the map shows modern <a href="http://www.bing.com/maps/">Bing satellite imagery</a> as a base layer, and the OS one-inch to the mile, 1885-1900 historic map overlay on top. Select one of the historic map overlay mosaics from the lower left-hand list ( accessible via <img src="/assets/graphics/layers.png" alt="layers icon image" width="30" border="1" border-radius="2"> ) to view a different historic map mosaic. Ordnance Survey Opendata, <a href="http://www.bing.com/maps/">Bing</a> Road and Hybrid base layers, <a href="https://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer" >ESRI ArcGIS</a> satellite or topo layers, 1920s mapping from the <a href="https://geo.nls.uk/maps/api/">NLS Historic Maps API</a>, or <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/">OpenStreetMap</a> mapping are also available as base map layers from the drop-down list to the centre-top of the map. Google map and satellite layers are no longer available as the <a href="https://openlayers.org/">OpenLayers</a> software we use does not support them, and also because the Google terms and conditions discourage the overlaying of other maps on top of Google layers. </p> <p>We have Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) coverage at 1 metre or higher resolutions for most of England, Scotland, and Wales. LiDAR allows highly detailed representations of relief or terrain models to be generated, often at spatial resolutions of between 25 cm and 2 metres. <a href="/guides/lidar/">Read more about LiDAR layers</a>, how to view them on our website, and their value for landscape research. </p> <div class = "nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/#zoom=16&lat=57.35186&lon=-2.85823&layers=6&right=LIDAR_DTM_1m" target="remotes"><img src="../img/tapp-o-noth.jpg" width="500" alt="Comparing OS six-inch 1900s mapping (left) with LiDAR DTM (right) for Tapp o' Noth hill fort, near Huntly - desktop" border="1" /></a><div class="imgcap" style="max-width:500px;"><a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/#zoom=16&lat=57.35186&lon=-2.85823&layers=6&right=LIDAR_DTM_1m">Comparing OS six-inch 1900s mapping (left) with LiDAR DTM (right) for Tapp o' Noth hill fort, near Huntly</a></div></div> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <div align="center"><a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/#zoom=16&lat=57.35186&lon=-2.85823&layers=6&right=LIDAR_DTM_1m" target="remotes"><img src="../img/tapp-o-noth.jpg" width="350" alt="Comparing OS six-inch 1900s mapping (left) with LiDAR DTM (right) for Tapp o' Noth hill fort, near Huntly - mobile" border="1" /></a><div class="imgcap" style="max-width:350px;"><a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/#zoom=16&lat=57.35186&lon=-2.85823&layers=6&right=LIDAR_DTM_1m">Comparing OS six-inch 1900s mapping (left) with LiDAR DTM (right) for Tapp o' Noth hill fort, near Huntly</a></div></div> </div> <div class = "nomobile"> <p>To <strong>Zoom in</strong> on the map, double-click on the map, use the +/- buttons, or hold the SHIFT key down and drag with the mouse to zoom in on a rectangle. To <strong>rotate the view</strong> hold the ALT and SHIFT keys down and drag with the mouse.</p> </div> <a name="add-edit-features"></a> <h3>Drawing Tools - Add or Edit Features (top right)</h3> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/edit-features.gif" alt="Add and Edit Features graphic" title="Add and Edit Features graphic" border="1" width="240" /></div> <p>If you select the Draw / Trace Features button <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/edit-icon.gif" width="25" alt="Draw / Trace Features icon" title="Draw / Trace Features icon" /> to the upper right, you can draw or trace new features, edit layers, and print or export the results.</p> <ul> <li> You can <strong>Create Features</strong>, annotating the map, or tracing features. You can add points, lines, polygons or text.</li> <li> You can <strong>Edit Features</strong>, alter feature position, feature style (colour, line and fill properties), or feature text. You can also Delete Features</li> <li> You can <strong>Print or Save an image</strong> of your sketch or tracing at any time using the <a href="#printing" aria-label="View more information on printing and saving images"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/print-icon.gif" width="25" alt="print icon" title="print icon" /> Print Button</a></li> <li> You can <strong>Export</strong> your drawing as a KML (Keyhole Markup Language), GPX, or GeoJSON file, saving the geographic coordinates, features and styles of your drawing. <ul> <li>The <a href="https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/kmlreference">KML format</a> includes feature style tags natively, so styles (such as line colour and thickness, or polygon fill colours) can be saved and shared more easily. KML files can also be opened in <a href="https://earth.google.com/web/">Google Earth</a>.</li> <li>For GeoSJON and GPX files, the styles and attributes are recorded in extensions: <a href="https://github.com/mapbox/simplestyle-spec/">GeoJSON simplestyle</a> or <a href="https://www.topografix.com/gpx.asp">GPX Exchange Format</a>. </li> <li>The default <strong>GeoJSON</strong> export projection is WGS84 (EPSG:4326) with latitude and longitude coordinates, but you can also export GeoJSON in the British National Grid (EPSG:27700) with Eastings and Northings in metres by choosing the <strong>GeoJSON (BNG)</strong> option.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>When tracing features such as lines or polygons, a double-click finishes the drawing, so to add points close together, zoom in (with the mouse wheel or pinch zoom) to do this. If you accidentally finish drawing too soon, you can edit the feature to add or alter points.</p> <p>The downloaded KML, QPX, or GeoJSON files can be brought back into the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer using the <a href="#addlayer">Add Layer</a> button <a href="#addlayer"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/add-layer-icon.gif" width="25" alt="Add Layer icon" title="Add Layer icon" /></a>, for further editing. You can also open them in any text editor, or open and edit them in <A href="https://qgis.org/" aria-label="View further information on the QGIS website">QGIS</a> or <a href="https://www.arcgis.com/">ArcGIS Online</a>. Read our guide on <a href="/guides/datasets/qgis/">Opening map datasets in QGIS</a>.</p> <p>The Draw / Trace Features tool is available in:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer </li> <li><a href="/geo/explore/print/">Full Screen / Draw</a> viewer </li> <li><a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/swipe/">Side by side</a> viewer </li> </ul> <a name="measurement"></a> <h3>Measurement tools (top right)</h3> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/measure.jpg" alt="Measure bearings, distances and areas graphic" title="Measure bearings, distances and areas graphic" border="1" width="250" /></div> <p>These tools, to the upper right, allow you to measure:</p> <ol> <li>Bearing or Azimuth - in degrees from true North</li> <li>Area - in square kilometres and square miles / square metres and square feet</li> <li>Distance - in kilometres and miles / metres and feet</li> </ol> <p>Click or tap on the buttons to toggle the measurement functions on or off. Once selected, click or tap to add points on your route - the current bearing, distance or area is given. Single-click with a mouse or tap to stop and finalise the bearing or distance measurement; double-click with a mouse or double-tap to finalise the area measurement.</p> <a name="measurement-tools"></a> <div class = "nomobile" > <div align="center" style="margin-top:50px"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/measurement-tools.gif" width="400" alt="Measure bearings, distances and areas tools" title="Measure bearings, distances and areas tools" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <div class = "mobile" style=margin-top:50px"> <div align="center" style="margin-top:50px"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/measurement-tools.gif" width="300" alt="Measure bearings, distances and areas tools" title="Measure bearings, distances and areas tools" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p>  <a name="rotation"></a> <h3>Rotation (top right)</h3> <p>Hold the [Alt] and [Shift] keys down, and drag with your cursor, or pinch with two fingers on a touch screen to rotate the map. Click/tap on the blue arrow to the upper right, or refresh the page to return to the default rotation.</p> <div class = "nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=13&lat=56.35287&lon=-3.53888&layers=3" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/img/rotation.gif" width="500" alt="Illustration of rotation graphic" title="Illustration of rotation graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=13&lat=56.35287&lon=-3.53888&layers=3" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/img/rotation.gif" width="350" alt="Illustration of rotation graphic" title="Illustration of rotation graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <div class="nomobile"> <a name="parish"></a> <h3>Parish and County information (top right)</h3> <div class="floatright"><img src="/geo/img/explore-parish.jpg" alt="New parish/county information in the Georeferenced Maps viewer graphic" title="New parish/county information in the Georeferenced Maps viewer graphic" border="1" width="300" /></div> <p>When viewing maps in England, Scotland, or Wales at zoom levels 13 or higher, select the 'Show parish details?' link to the upper right, to show the civil parish and county that your cursor is hovering over. This is based on parish and county boundaries in the 1950s. For parishes in Scotland, there is also a link to view the specific parish in the centre of the screen, highlighted in our <em>Boundaries Viewer</em>. We have added this to help identify the particular pre-1970s parish when viewing georeferenced maps. For viewing these administrative and other boundaries and information in more detail, please consult our <a href="/geo/boundaries/">Boundaries Viewer</a>.</p> </div> <div class="nomobile"> <h3>Zoom to this map / map series (lower left)</h3> <p>In order to make the location and context of the historic layers clearer, the historic map mosaics are displayed overlaid on a modern Bing satellite backdrop. If your selected layer is not visible, you may need to select the <b>Zoom to this map / map series</b> option. </p> </div>  <a name="addlayer"></a> <h3>Add Layer (lower left)</h3> <p>Add your own layer of information to the map, to view and edit it. Or <a href="#add-edit-features">create your own layer</a>.</p> <div class="nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/add-layer.gif" width="500" alt="Add Layer graphic" title="Add Layer graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <div class="mobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/add-layer.gif" width="300" alt="Add Layer graphic" title="Add Layer graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <p>If you click/tap on the 'Add Layer' icon <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/add-layer-icon.gif" width="25" alt="Add Layer icon" title="Add Layer icon" /> , to the lower left of the screen, then an 'Add your own layer' panel opens:</p> <ol> <li>Choose <strong>file format</strong>: KML, GPX, or GeoJSON</li> <li>Choose <strong>file source</strong>: browse to find a local file, or paste in a URL for an online file</li> <li>Click/tap on the <strong>IMPORT</strong> button to add your layer. The map should centre on your layer's extents.</li> </ol> <p>For layers with attributes, you can click/tap on the layer to bring up a popup box showing the specific attributes. You can edit the layer with the <a href="#add-edit-features">Add or Edit Features</a> tools <a href="#add-edit-features"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/edit-icon.gif" width="25" alt="Edit tools" title="Edit tools" /></a> (top right). To remove the layer, click/tap on the <strong>Remove top layer</strong> link in the lower centre of the screen.</p> <p>The Add Layer tool is available in:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer </li> <li><a href="/geo/explore/print/">Full Screen / Draw</a> viewer </li> <li><a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/swipe/">Side by side (with Swipe ON)</a> viewer </li> </ul> <a name="printing"></a> <h3>Printing and Image Export/Download (lower left)</h3> <p>You can save, download or print a customised image from any of our georeferenced map layers.</p> <p>If you click/tap on the print icon <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/print-icon.gif" width="25" alt="print icon" title="print icon" /> , to the lower left of the screen, then a print panel opens with various options:</p> <ul> <li>Portrait / landscape orientation</li> <li>Page size – A4 to A0</li> <li>Margin – 0 to 10 mm</li> <li>Scale – 1:500 to 1:1,000,000 - set an exact scale for your map</li> <li>North Arrow – off or on</li> <li>Scale bar – off or on</li> <li>Title - off or on (type your own title)</li> </ul> <div class="nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/print-geo-five.gif" width="500" alt="Saving and printing images graphic" title="Saving and printing images graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <div class="mobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/print-geo-five.gif" width="300" alt="Saving and printing images graphic" title="Saving and printing images graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <p>At this stage you can also pan/drag or zoom the map image to make sure its covering exactly the right area of interest.</p> <p>You can then save the image in various formats – JPEG, PNG, PDF, or copy the image to clipboard. It is also possible to print the map directly to a printer.</p> <p>The <em>Image Export/Download and Printing</em> function is also available in the <a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/swipe/">Side by side viewer (with Swipe ON)</a>.</p> <p>Please ensure that any re-use of images complies with the relevant <a href="/copyright.html#re-use">re-use conditions</a>.</p> <p>It is also possible to annotate your image before saving / exporting with our <a href="#add-edit-features">Drawing Tools</a>.</p> <p>If you wish to obtain a georeferenced map export, please consult our <a href="/guides/georeferencing/">Viewing georeferenced maps</a> guide.</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <a name="height"></a> <div class="nomobile"> <h3>Show height (lower right)</h3> <div class="floatright"><img src="/img/explore-help-height.jpg" alt="Toggle height information button in the Georeferenced Maps viewer" title="Toggle height information button in the Georeferenced Maps viewer" border="1" width="162" /></div> <p>If you switch the 'Show height' button (lower right) to ON, the approximate height of your cursor location is shown in metres and feet. This height data is obtained via the <a href="https://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/">Géoportail</a> Altimetrie Web Map Service, based on elevation information from the N.A.S.A. <a href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/">Shuttle Radar Topography Mission</a> (SRTM3) Global Digital Terrain Model. These heights generally have a horizontal accuracy of 30 x 30 metres, within the main latitudes covered by the SRTM. This coverage does not extend north of 60° North and Antarctica ( <a href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/images/SRTM_2-24-2016.gif">view SRTM coverage map</a> ). We have disabled the 'Show height' tool for these latitudes.</p> <p>This height information may give a general idea of heights when looking at maps without surface heights, bench marks, or contours, but it is likely to be less accurate than the heights that are shown on more detailed, larger-scale mapping (eg. at 1:10,000 scale or larger). The height information may be helpful in giving a general idea of the direction of slope and approximate elevation where this information is lacking from the map you are looking at.</p> </div> <div id="view-this-map"></div> <h3>Display map details? / View or order this map? <span="nomobile">(lower right)</span></h3> <div class="nomobile"> <p>For our largest georeferenced layers, the specific map sheet or sheets that your cursor is over can be displayed to the lower right at higher zoom levels. Select the <strong>Display map details</strong> link, and the map sheet details will be shown, so you can view specific dates for the maps on screen, followed by a <strong>View this map</strong> link. If you click this link, it will open the specific map sheet listed as a zoomable image in a new window. </p> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="../img/GeoToIndivMap2.gif" width="500" alt="View this map graphic" title="View this map graphic" border="1" /></a></div> <p><strong>Tips:</strong></p> <ul> <li>You may need to zoom right in on a specific sheet so that when your cursor moves to the lower right to click the 'View map' link, it is over the same sheet. </li> <li>Where map sheets overlap at county or country boundaries, two sheets may be listed which overlay the area shown; one of these sheets will be visible in the georeferenced layer.</li> </ul> <p>If you wish to <strong>order maps</strong> you are viewing in the <em>Georeferenced Maps</em> viewer, you will need to view the map in our standard non-georeferenced <a href="/view/help/">image viewer</a> to order it. Follow the <strong>View this map</strong> procedure above for this, or switch to the <a href="/geo/find/">Map Finder</a> viewer by selecting this link in the header to locate the specific map.</p> </div> <div class="mobile"> <li>For our largest georeferenced layers, you can also view the specific map sheet to see its margins or order copies. Tap the <span style="background-color:#003;padding:3px;color:white;font-weight: bolder;border-radius: 2px;">More...</span> button (lower left), and then tap on the <strong>Display map in centre of screen</strong> link.</li> </div> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <a name="elevation-profile-all"></a> <h3 style="margin-top:50px">Elevation Profile (lower right)</h3> <p>For any location in our <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer, you can trace a route on the map to view its elevation profile:</p> <div class = "nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="/geo/explore/#zoom=13.8&lat=55.57718&lon=-3.27672&layers=1&b=1" target="remotes"><img src="/geo/img/elevation-profile-manor-valley.gif" width="500" alt="Illustration of drawing an elevation profile" title="Illustration of drawing an elevation profile" border="1" /></a></div> <div class="floatright"><img src="/geo/img/elevation-profile-button.jpg" alt="Elevation Profile button in the Georeferenced Maps viewer" title="Elevation Profile button in the Georeferenced Maps viewer" border="1" width="143" /></div> <ol> <li>Switch the 'Elevation Profile' button (lower right) to ON.</li> <li>Click or tap a line or route on the map.</li> <li>Double-click / Double-tap to finish, and an Elevation Profile popup box should appear showing the elevation profile for your line.</li> </ol> <p>TIP: If you need to click points along your route that are close together, zoom in (with the mouse wheel) so that single clicks are not treated like a double-click, finishing your profile route too soon.</p> <p>The elevation profile is calculated using <a href="https://www.maptiler.com/terrain/">MapTiler Terrain-RGB</a> data, with elevation information encoded into the RGB values for each pixel. The horizontal resolution of the elevation data is around 30x30 metres. The elevation information is based on present-day terrain, and may sometimes be different from the former terrain at the time of the historic map overlay layers.</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> </div> <a name="map-key"></a> <h3>Map Key <span="nomobile">(footer)</span></h3> <div class="nomobile"> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/map-key.jpg" width="300" border="1" alt="Screengrab of Map Key panel in the Georeferenced Maps viewer" /></div> <p>If you select the <strong>Map Key</strong> panel in the footer, it will open a panel showing a map key (sometimes also called a legend or characteristics sheet) relating to the particular map series you have as an overlay on screen.</p> <ul> <li>You can zoom in and out of the Map Key graphic to view particular symbols and features</li> <li>You can enlarge or reduce the size of this Map Key panel by dragging the lower right corner of the panel</li> <li>You can drag the Map Key panel around the screen by selecting the header and dragging with the mouse</li> <li>You can close the Map Key panel by selecting the 'X' to the upper right</li> </ul> <p>Please note that the Map Key graphic may not show all the symbols on the map itself, and may not be precisely at the same time as all the maps shown in the georeferenced layer in the main map.</p> </div> <a name="coordinates"></a> <h3>Show Coordinates <span="nomobile">(footer)</span></h3> <div class="nomobile"> <p>In the lower-right of the map, the location of your mouse position is shown as a <a href=" http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/information/coordinatesystemsinfo/guidetonationalgrid/ ">British National Grid Reference</a>, as British National Grid Eastings and Northings, and as longitude and latitude, both in decimal and degrees, minutes and seconds forms. </p> <p>To bring up the real-world location of your cursor as a pop-up so the details can be selected:</p> <ol> <li> hold the ALT key down and left-click with the mouse.</li> <li> click / tap on the <strong>Show Coordinates</strong> tab in the footer to the lower left.</li> </ol> <p>When you then click or tap on the map, this will bring up the British National Grid Reference, British National Grid Eastings and Northings (EPSG:27700), and the latitude and longitude (EPSG:4326) of the point you have clicked on. You can copy this information to your clipboard.</p> </div> <div class="mobile"> <p>To bring up the real-world location of your cursor as a pop-up so the details can be selected, tap the <span style="background-color:#003;padding:3px;color:white;font-weight: bolder;border-radius: 2px;">More...</span> button (lower left), and then tap on the <strong>Show Coordinates</strong> link.</p> <p>When you then click or tap on the map, this will bring up the British National Grid Reference, British National Grid Eastings and Northings (EPSG:27700), and the latitude and longitude (EPSG:4326) of the point you have clicked on. You can copy this information to your clipboard.</p> </div> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/show-coordinates.png" width="366" alt="Capture map coordinates graphic" title="Capture map coordinates graphic" border="1" /></a></div> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <a name="marker"></a> <h3>Adding a Marker <span="nomobile">(footer)</span></h3> <p>To add a marker to a specific place on the map:</p> <div class="nomobile"> <ol> <li> hold the SHIFT key down and left-click on the map. If you SHIFT + click a second time, it moves the marker to the second place you click. </li> <li> click / tap on the <strong>Add Marker</strong> tab in the footer to the lower left. Once this is selected, if you click / tap a second time, it moves the marker to the second place you have clicked / tapped on </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mobile"> <ol> <li>tap the <span style="background-color:#003;padding:3px;color:white;font-weight: bolder;border-radius: 2px;">More...</span> button (lower left), and then tap on the <strong>Add Marker</strong> link.</li> <li>you can tap on the map to add the Marker to that location.</li> </ol> </div> <div class="nomobile"> <p>You can remove the marker by clicking / tapping on the 'Remove Marker' link that appears to the top of the screen when there is a marker on screen.</p> </div> <p>Whenever there is a marker on the map, the URL has an additional marker=[lat,lon] suffix. You can save this whole URL or pass it on to others, and it will keep the specific marker location on screen (along with other map details, etc.) when you send the URL. The Marker can be added to the main <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer and the <a href="/geo/explore/print/">Full Screen / Draw</a> viewer.</p> <div class="nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/" target="remotes"><img src="https://geo.nls.uk/maps/img/marker.gif" width="500" alt="Full-screen viewer graphic" title="Full-screen viewer graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <a name="links"></a> <h3>Links <span="nomobile">(footer)</span></h3> <div class="mobile"> <p>If you tap the <span style="background-color:#003;padding:3px;color:white;font-weight: bolder;border-radius: 2px;">More...</span> button (lower left), and then tap on the <strong>View external mapping sites</strong> link, you can view a list of links to external web-mapping services.</p> </div> <div class="nomobile"> <p>The blue <strong>Links</strong> tab in the footer opens a popup box with a list of links to external web-mapping services.</p> </div> <p>These include Google Maps, Google Satellite, Bing Maps, Bing Satellite, OpenStreetMap and HERE Maps. If you select these, it will open these map services at the same zoom level and location that you currently have in the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <div class="nomobile"> <a name="overlay"></a> <h3>Overlay (footer)</h3> <p>The blue <strong>Overlay</strong> tab in the footer opens a popup box with details of the current georeferenced overlay in the viewer, allowing it to be viewed and re-used inside desktop GIS and other software for annotation, tracing or viewing.</p> <div align="center" style="max-width:400px;margin:22px auto;display:block;"><a href="/geo/explore/"><img src="/guides/georeferencing/img/show-overlay4.jpg" alt="Illustration of Overlay tab in the Georeferenced Maps viewer" border="1" width="326" /></a></div> <p>The first link in the popup box will take you to a home page appearing like this below (see, for example, the <a href="https://mapseries-tilesets.s3.amazonaws.com/bartholomew/great_britain_1940s/">Bartholomew half-inch 1940s layer</a>). Many of our georeferenced layers have home pages in this style, with links to the WMTS and XYZ URLs to the upper right:</p> <div align="center" style="max-width:400px;margin:22px auto;display:block;"><a href="https://mapseries-tilesets.s3.amazonaws.com/bartholomew/great_britain_1940s/"><img src="/guides/georeferencing/img/tileset-home.jpg" width="500" alt="Tileset home page, showing where to find WMTS and XYZ addresses" title="Tileset home page, showing where to find WMTS and XYZ addresses" border="1" /></a></div> <p>The <strong>Layer WFS Metadata</strong> is the name of the TypeName or Layer in our Web Feature Service, allowing you to see the geographic metadata relating to the specific map within the georeferenced layer. Further details are available on how to use this in <a href="/guides/georeferencing/qgis/#WFSQGIS" aria-label="Show Web Feature Service in QGIS - guide">QGIS</a> and <a href="/guides/georeferencing/arcgis/#wfs" aria-label="Show Web Feature Service in ArcGIS - guide">ArcGIS</a>.</p> <p>You can <strong>Download a GeoJSON file of metadata</strong> relating to the georeferenced layer. You can <a href="/guides/datasets/qgis/#geojson">view GeoJSON files in QGIS</a>, in <a href="https://geojson.io/">geojson.io</a>, or use the <a href="/geo/explore/help.html#addlayer">Add Layer tool</a> to view them in our <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps viewer</a>. This GeoJSON file can also be used in <a href="https://living-with-machines.github.io/MapReader/">MapReader</a>.</p> <p style="margin-top:20px;">Please comply with the specific <strong>Re-use</strong> terms, as stated for each layer. NLS has default <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY</a> re-use terms, but there are layers which have other re-use terms (<a href="/copyright.html#re-use">further information</a>).</p> <p>Read our <a href="/guides/georeferencing/">Guide to viewing georeferenced maps</a> for advice on how to view these georeferenced overlays inside desktop GIS and other software for annotation, tracing or viewing.</p> </div> <a name="bookmarks"></a> <h3><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/img/permalink.png" alt="Permalink icon" title="Permalink icon" border="0" width="26" style="vertical-align: middle;margin-bottom:0.5em" /> Bookmarks / Linking to the viewer</h3> <p> The URL in your web browser address bar changes dynamically as you zoom and pan the map, and when you alter visible map layers and overlays. You can copy or bookmark the URL in your web browser address bar to save the current viewer zoom level, location, and layers:</p> <p><span style="font-family: monospace;overflow-wrap: anywhere;background-color:rgb(230, 230, 230); border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding:0.5em;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:25px;">https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#<span style="background-color:Aqua">zoom=</span>5.0<span style="background-color:LemonChiffon">&lat=</span>56.00000<span style="background-color:LightPink">&lon=</span>-4.00000<span style="background-color:LimeGreen">&layers=</span>1<span style="background-color:LightSalmon">&b=</span>1<span style="background-color:LightSteelBlue">&o=</span>100</span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:Aqua">zoom=</span> Map Zoom / Scale / Magnification from 1 to 25</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LemonChiffon">&lat=</span> Latitude from 0 to 90 +/-</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LightPink">&lon=</span> Longitude from 0 to 180 +/-</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LimeGreen">&layers=</span> Overlay (front) layer (unique number)</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LightSalmon">&b=</span> Background (base) layer (unique name)</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LightSteelBlue">&o=</span> Transparency of overlay (front) layer, 0-100</li> </ul> <p>You can create any number of bookmarks to start the viewer focused on a specific location and with your choice of layers.</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer.</p> <h3>Related georeferenced map viewers</h3> <a name="fullscreen"></a> <h3>Full screen / Draw viewer</h3> <p>Select the 'Full screen / Draw' button in the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced maps viewer</a> header to access this viewer:</p> <div align="center"><img src="/geo/img/full-screen-header.jpg" width="406" alt="Screengrab of map header circling the Full Screen / Draw button" title="Screengrab of map header circling the Full Screen / Draw button" border="1" /></div> <p>The <a href="/geo/explore/print/">Full-screen / Draw viewer</a> provides maximum screen space for the map, by removing the left-hand panel and related drop-down lists. It is also possible to draw points, lines and shapes for annotating features.</p> <p>If you click/tap on the print icon <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/print-icon.gif" width="25" alt="print icon" title="print icon" /> , to the lower left of the screen, you can print or save customised images <a href="#printing" aria-label="View more information on this page about printing">Further information on printing</a>.</p> <a name="draw"></a> <a name="add-edit-features"></a> <h3>Add or Edit Features (top right)</h3> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/edit-features.gif" alt="Add and Edit Features graphic" title="Add and Edit Features graphic" border="1" width="240" /></div> <p>If you select the Draw / Trace Features button <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/edit-icon.gif" width="25" alt="Draw / Trace Features icon" title="Draw / Trace Features icon" /> to the upper right, you can draw or trace new features, edit layers, and print or export the results.</p> <ul> <li> You can <strong>Create Features</strong>, annotating the map, or tracing features. You can add points, lines, polygons or text.</li> <li> You can <strong>Edit Features</strong>, alter feature position, feature style (colour, line and fill properties), or feature text. You can also Delete Features</li> <li> You can <strong>Print or Save an image</strong> of your sketch or tracing at any time using the <a href="#printing"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/print-icon.gif" width="25" alt="print icon" title="print icon" /> Print Button</a></li> <li> You can <strong>Export</strong> your drawing as a KML (Keyhole Markup Language), GPX, or GeoJSON file, saving the geographic coordinates, features and styles of your drawing. In GPX and GeoSJON files, the styles and attributes are recorded in extensions. The <a href="https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/kmlreference">KML format</a> includes feature style tags natively, so styles (such as line colour and thickness, or polygon fill colours) can be saved and shared more easily. KML files can also be opened in <a href="https://earth.google.com/web/">Google Earth</a>.</li> </ul> <p>When tracing features such as lines or polygons, a double-click finishes the drawing, so to add points close together, zoom in (with the mouse wheel or pinch zoom) to do this. If you accidentally finish drawing too soon, you can edit the feature to add or alter points.</p> <p>The downloaded KML, QPX, or GeoJSON files can be brought back into the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewer using the <a href="#addlayer">Add Layer</a> button <a href="#addlayer"><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/img/add-layer-icon.gif" width="25" alt="Add Layer icon" title="Add Layer icon" /></a>, for further editing. You can also open them in any text editor, or open and edit them in <A href="https://qgis.org/" aria-label="Further information on the QGIS website">QGIS</a> or <a href="https://www.arcgis.com/">ArcGIS Online</a>. Read our guide on <a href="/guides/datasets/qgis/" aria-label="How to open map datasets in QGIS">Opening map datasets in QGIS</a>.</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/print/">Full-screen / Draw viewer</a> viewer.</p> <a name="3D"></a> <h3>3D viewer</h3> <p>Select the '3D' button in the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced maps viewer</a> header to access this viewer:</p> <div align="center"><img src="/geo/img/3d-viewer-header.jpg" width="406" alt="Screengrab of map header circling the 3D viewer button" title="Screengrab of map header circling the 3D viewer button" border="1" /></div> <p>You can alter your altitude or distance, your tilt and orientation to explore any of our georeferenced map layers draped over a 3D landscape. You can also fade the transparency and view different base maps, as well as change the vertical exaggeration of the heights/terrain (to make the hills or mountains appear higher).</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/3d/">3D map viewer</a>.</p> <div class = "nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="/geo/explore/3d/#zoom=13.7&tilt=1.22&heading=-0.32&lat=53.06663&lon=-4.07792&layers=161&exag=2 " target="remotes"><img src="/guides/schools/img/3d-demo.gif" width="500" alt="Illustration of 3D viewer looking at Snowdon" title="Illustration of 3D viewer looking at Snowdon" border="1" /></a><div class="imgcap" style="max-width: 500px">Snowdon and surrounding mountains in north Wales in our 3D viewer.</div></div> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <div align="center"><a href="/geo/explore/3d/#zoom=13.7&tilt=1.22&heading=-0.32&lat=53.06663&lon=-4.07792&layers=161&exag=2 " target="remotes"><img src="/guides/schools/img/3d-demo.gif" width="300" alt="Illustration of 3D viewer looking at Snowdon" title="Illustration of 3D viewer looking at Snowdon" border="1" /></a><div class="imgcap" style="max-width: 300px">Snowdon and surrounding mountains in north Wales in our 3D viewer.</div></div> </div> <br/> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/cesium-tilt.png" alt="Diagram showing tilt, orientation, distance and centre in the 3D map viewer" title="Diagram showing tilt, orientation, distance and centre in the 3D map viewer" border="1" width="290" /></div> <p>The following details are shown to the lower right of the screen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Distance</strong> - distance to the Centre of your map view.</li> <li><strong>Heading</strong> - 360° compass bearing or direction.</li> <li><strong>Height</strong> - altitude above the ground.</li> <li><strong>Tilt</strong> - angle or slope of your map view with relation to a directly overhead perspective on the Earth.</li> </ul> <br/> <p><strong>Navigation</strong>: You can change your <strong>Tilt</strong> and your <strong>Heading</strong> in three ways:</p> <ol> <li><em>With a mouse</em>, hold the SHIFT key down and drag with the mouse, holding the left-click button down.</li> <li><em>With a mouse</em>, hold the central mouse wheel down and drag.</li> <li><em>On a touch-screen</em>, hold one finger on the screen and drag with the other finger.</li> </ol> <p>You can change your <strong>Zoom</strong> level, <strong>Distance</strong> or <strong>Height</strong> using the +/- buttons to the lower left, scrolling with a mouse wheel, or pinch-to-zoom on a touch screen.</p> <br/> <p><strong>URL</strong>: The URL at the top of the screen shows your <strong>zoom level</strong> (the magnification of the base mapping, depending on your Height), your <strong>Tilt</strong> (the angle or slope of your view with relation a directly overhead vertical perspective), your <strong>Heading</strong> (your 360 degree compass bearing or direction from true North), and the latitude / longitude of the <strong>Centre</strong> of your screen view, in addition to a numeric reference to the layer you are looking at. You can save this URL or send it to someone else to open the viewer at this specific location and scene, viewing the same layer of mapping.</p> <p>The 3D viewer uses <a href="https://cesiumjs.org/">Cesium</a> for geospatial visualisation, which is rendered via <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebGL">WebGL</a>. WebGL is widely supported by modern web browsers - you can <a href="http://get.webgl.org/">check if your browser is supported</a>. Cesium will run faster on a computer with more processing power and a good video card, as well as with a good bandwidth network connection.</p> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/3d/">3D map viewer</a>.</p> <a name="spy"></a> <h3>Spy viewer</h3> <p>Select the 'Spy' button in the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced maps viewer</a> header to access this viewer:</p> <div align="center"><img src="/geo/img/spy-viewer-header.jpg" width="406" alt="Screengrab of map header circling the Spy viewer button" title="Screengrab of map header circling the Spy viewer button" border="1" /></div> <p>The <a href="/geo/explore/spy/index.cfm" aria-label="Open the Spy Viewer">Spy viewer</a> allows all the different historic maps to be viewed through a circular spy glass.</p> <div class = "nomobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/spyglass_graphic_500_final.jpg" alt="Spy viewer - help information" title="Spy viewer - help information" border="1" width="500" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/explore-spy-help-mobile2.jpg" alt="Spy viewer - help information" title="Spy viewer - help information" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <div class = "nomobile"> <ol> <li>Choose different historic map layers for viewing inside the spy glass from the lower left-hand panel drop-down lists.</li> <li>Alter the size of the spy glass radius by sliding the blue slider bar in the lower left-hand panel.</li> <li>Choose different modern map layers for viewing outside the spy glass from the drop-down list at the top of the page.</li> </ol> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <ol> <li>Choose different modern map layers for viewing outside the spy glass from the drop-down list at the top of the page.</li> <li>Choose different historic map layers for viewing inside the spy glass from the lower left-hand panel drop-down lists.</li> <li>Alter the size of the spy glass radius by sliding the blue slider bar in the lower left-hand panel.</li> </ol> </div> </li> <div class = "mobile"> <p>The <strong>Search Button</strong> <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/assets/graphics/search.png" alt="Search button" title="Search button" border="1" width="26" style="display: inline-block" /> allows you to search using a Gazetteer of Place Names, or by Counties/Parishes.</p> <p><center><img src="../img/gazetteer-search-mobile.jpg" alt="Search places panel, allowing placenames, or counties / parishes to be searched" title="Search places panel, allowing placenames, or counties / parishes to be searched" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/spy/" aria-label="Go to the Spy Viewer">Spy viewer</a>.</p> <a name="sidebyside"></a> <h3>Side by side viewer</h3> <p>Select the 'Side by side' link in the <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced maps viewer</a> header to access this viewer:</p> <div align="center"><img src="/geo/img/sidebyside-header.jpg" width="406" alt="Screengrab of map header circling the Side by side viewer link" title="Screengrab of map header circling the Side by side viewer link" border="1" /></div> <p>The <a href="/geo/explore/sidebyside.cfm" aria-label="Open the Side by side viewer" >Side by side viewer</a> allows all the different historic map overlays to be compared to each other, or to present day Google, MapBox, OpenStreetMap or Ordnance Survey maps, in a split-screen viewer.</p> <p>The layer selection lists for each map are near the bottom of the screen. This is to make their position and display consistent with our other georeferenced map viewers, and also to improve their display on smaller screens. <span = "nomobile"> Click the <span style="background-color: rgba(54, 127, 54,1);color:white;border-bottom-right-radius: 3px;border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;border-bottom-left-radius: 3px;text-decoration: none;padding: 1px 5px 1px 5px;border: 1px solid black;font-size:14px">Go to former Side by side viewer</span> button (top right) to use the previous viewer layout with the layer selection lists in the header.</span> </p> <div class = "nomobile"> <p><center><img src="/geo/img/sidebyside-help-600-2024.jpg" alt="Side-by-side viewer - help information" title="Side-by-side viewer - help information" border="1" width="600" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <p><center><img src="../img/sidebyside-help-mobile-2024.jpg" alt="Side-by-side viewer - help information" title="Side-by-side viewer - help information" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <ol> <li><strong>Search</strong> placenames, postcodes, Grid References, historic counties/parishes or share your device location to position the maps.</li> <li><strong>Choose the map layers</strong> that you would like to view. You can choose to show these as a split-list (with two drop-down layers), or as a single list (with one drop-down layer).<br/> As you zoom or pan the 'side by side' maps, the layer lists update dynamically to show just those which cover your current map view. <br/> Select the <strong>Zoom to this layer's extents</strong> link to zoom to the full geographic extents of the selected layer.</li> <li><strong>Filter</strong> the layers by date, scale or keyword.</li> <li>Select the <strong><em>Swipe OFF / Swipe ON</em></strong> buttons in the header to change the central vertical bar, so that it can be moved sideways to compare two maps.</li> </ol> <div class = "nomobile"> <p>The <strong>Search Button</strong> <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/assets/graphics/search.png" alt="Search button" title="Search button" border="1" width="26" style="display: inline-block" /> allows you to search using a Gazetteer of Place Names, or by Counties/Parishes (<a href="#gazetteer">further search information</a>).</p> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <p>The <strong>Search Button</strong> <img src="https://maps.nls.uk/assets/graphics/search.png" alt="Search button" title="Search button" border="1" width="26" style="display: inline-block" /> allows you to search using a Gazetteer of Place Names, or by Counties/Parishes.</p> <p><center><img src="../img/gazetteer-search-mobile.jpg" alt="Search places panel, allowing placenames, or counties / parishes to be searched" title="Search places panel, allowing placenames, or counties / parishes to be searched" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> </div> <a name="switch-layers-sidebyside"></a> <h3>Switch layer lists</h3> <p>You can display the layers as one single list or as a split list:</p> <p><center><img src="../img/overlays.gif" alt="Toggle between single lists and split lists of layers" title="Toggle between single lists and split lists of layers" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> <p>You can also sort the single list by Relevance, Scale or Date.</p> <a name="filter-layers-sidebyside"></a> <h3> Filter layers</h3> <p>By default, the list of layers are filtered by the area you are looking at in the map. If you zoom in, the layer lists reduce to just those covering your smaller area. If you zoom out, the layer lists increase to those covering your wider area.</p> <p>You can also filter the layers by date, scale or keyword:</p> <p><center><img src="../img/filter-layers.jpg" alt="Filter layers by date, scale or keyword" title="Filter layers by date, scale or keyword" border="1" width="300" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" /></center></p> <ol> <li><strong>Filter layers by date</strong> if you are only interested in layers between a specific date range.</li> <li><strong>Filter layers by scale</strong> if you are only interested in layers at particular scales.<br/>Check the <em>Filter by scale automatically</em> checkbox if you would like the list of layers to reflect your map zoom level. If checked, when you are zoomed out (at smaller scales), just smaller scale layers are listed; when you are zoomed in (at larger scales), just larger scale layers are listed.</li> <li><strong>Filter layers by keyword</strong> to only select layers containing this keyword in their title. Upper or lower case can be used.</li> </ol> <h3>Measurement tools (top right)</h3> <p>The <strong>Measurement</strong> buttons, to the upper right, allow you to measure:</p> <ol> <li>Bearing or Azimuth - in degrees from true North</li> <li>Area - in square kilometres and square miles / square metres and square feet</li> <li>Distance - in kilometres and miles / metres and feet</li> </ol> <div class="floatright"><img src="../img/measure-side-by-side.jpg" alt="Measure bearings, distances and areas graphic" title="Measure bearings, distances and areas graphic" border="1" width="250" /></div> <p>Click or tap on the buttons to toggle the measurement functions on or off. Once selected, click or tap to add points on your route - the current bearing, distance or area is given. Double-click with the mouse or double tap to stop and finalise the current measurement.</p>  <a name="view-this-map-sidebyside"></a> <br/> <h3> Side by Side viewer - View map - Specific Map Sheet Reference (lower right)</h3> <p>For our largest georeferenced layers, on desktop screens, the specific map sheet or sheets that your cursor is over can be displayed to the lower right at higher zoom levels. Select the <strong>Display map details</strong> link, and the map sheet details will be shown, so you can view specific dates for the maps on screen, followed by a <strong>View map</strong> link. If you click this link, it will open the specific map sheet listed as a zoomable image in a new window. </p> <div class = "nomobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side/" target="remotes"><img src="../img/side-by-side-map-details-half.gif" width="600" alt="View map - Side by side viewer - graphic" title="View map - Side by side viewer - graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <div class = "mobile"> <div align="center"><a href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side/" target="remotes"><img src="../img/side-by-side-map-details-half.gif" width="300" alt="View map - Side by side viewer - graphic" title="View map - Side by side viewer - graphic" border="1" /></a></div> </div> <p><strong>Tips:</strong></p> <ul> <li>You may need to zoom right in on a specific sheet so that when your cursor moves to the lower right to click the 'View map' link, it is over the same sheet. </li> <li>Where map sheets overlap at county or country boundaries, two sheets may be listed which overlay the area shown; one of these sheets will be visible in the georeferenced layer.</li> </ul> <p>If you wish to <strong>order maps</strong> you are viewing in the <em>Side by side</em> viewer, you will need to view the map in our standard non-georeferenced <a href="/view/help/">image viewer</a> to order it. Follow the <strong>View map</strong> procedure above for this, or switch to the <a href="/geo/find/">Map Finder</a> viewer by selecting this link in the header to locate the specific map.</p>  <a name="bookmarks-sidebyside"></a> <br/> <h3><img src="https://maps.nls.uk/img/permalink.png" alt="Permalink icon" title="Permalink icon" border="0" width="26" style="vertical-align: middle;margin-bottom:0.5em" /> Bookmarks / Linking to the viewer</h3> <p> The URL in your web browser address bar changes dynamically as you zoom and pan the map, and when you alter visible map layers and overlays. You can copy or bookmark the URL in your web browser address bar to save the current viewer zoom level, location, and layers:</p> <p><span style="font-family: monospace;overflow-wrap: anywhere;background-color:rgb(230, 230, 230); border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding:0.5em;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:25px;">https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side/#<span style="background-color:Aqua">zoom=</span>5.0<span style="background-color:LemonChiffon">&lat=</span>56.00000<span style="background-color:LightPink">&lon=</span>-4.00000<span style="background-color:LimeGreen">&layers=</span>1<span style="background-color:LightSalmon">&right=</span>ESRIWorld</span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:Aqua">zoom=</span> Map Zoom / Scale / Magnification from 1 to 25</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LemonChiffon">&lat=</span> Latitude from 0 to 90 +/-</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LightPink">&lon=</span> Longitude from 0 to 180 +/-</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LimeGreen">&layers=</span> Left-hand map layer, unique number or name</li> <li><span style="font-family: monospace;background-color:LightSalmon">&right=</span> Right-hand map layer, unique number or name</li> </ul> <p>You can create any number of bookmarks to start the viewer focused on a specific location and with your choice of layers.</p> <br/> <p>The <em>Side by Side</em> viewer is accessible directly from the <em>Map Images</em> home page as well as from the <em>Side by side</em> link in the page header of both the <a href="/geo/find/">Map Finder</a> and <a href="/geo/explore/">Georeferenced Maps</a> viewers. You can return to the standard <em>Georeferenced Maps</em> or <em>Map Finder</em> viewers by following the <em>Georeferenced Maps</em> link in the page header.</p></li> </ul> <p>Go to <a href="/geo/explore/side-by-side/">Side by side viewer (with Swipe OFF)</a>.</p> <br/> <a name="technology"></a> <h3>Viewer technology</h3> <p>This application uses <a href="https://openlayers.org/">OpenLayers</a> as its main interface, as well as <a href="https://geoserver.org/">GeoServer</a> for Web Feature Services. Georeferenced maps have been prepared for online display using <a href="https://www.maptiler.com/">MapTiler</a>.</p> <p>We have released the OpenLayers code behind this viewer on <a href="https://github.com/NationalLibraryOfScotland">Github</a> for onward use. Please see the <a href="https://geo.nls.uk/maps/geocart2018/">GeoCart 2018 - ANZMapS Historical Maps Online Workshop</a>, for a set of freely downloadable basic OpenLayers viewers with code and notes. For further details, please consult the following:</p> <ul> <li>Fleet, C. (2019a) 'An open-source web-mapping toolkit for libraries', <em>e-Perimetron</em> 14(2), pp. 59-76. <a href="http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol_14_2/Fleet.pdf">View Fleet 2019a online</a>.</li> <li>Fleet, C. (2019b) 'Creating, managing, and maximising the potential of large online georeferenced map layers’, <em>e-Perimetron</em> 14(3), pp. 140-149. <a href="http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol_14_3/Fleet.pdf">View Fleet 2019b online</a>.</li> <li>Fleet, C. (2022) <em>Understanding user needs: a case study from the National Library of Scotland</em>. Digital Preservation Coalition Technology Watch Guidance Note. <a href="http://doi.org/10.7207/twgn22-01">http://doi.org/10.7207/twgn22-01</a>. <a href="http://doi.org/10.7207/twgn22-01">View Fleet 2022 online</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Please email <a href="mailto:maps@nls.uk">maps@nls.uk</a> for further assistance, or to provide general comments/feedback.</p> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="footer-section"> <div class="main-footer-nav"> <div class="row"> <div class="xlarge-2 large-2 medium-4 small-12 columns footer-nav-block"> <h2 class="heading-style-6">About this site</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/about.html">About this site</a> </li> <li> <a href="/site-map/">Site map</a> </li> <li> <a href="/guide/">Guide to this website</a> </li>  <li> <a href="/guides/">Research guides</a> </li> <li> <a href="/additions/">Recent Additions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nls.uk/website-accessibility-statement/">Site accessibility</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nls.uk/privacy">Privacy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nls.uk/cookies">Use of cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/copyright.html">Copyright / Re-use of images</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="xlarge-2 large-2 medium-4 small-12 columns footer-nav-block"> <h2 class="heading-style-6">Quick search and browse</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/geo/find/marker/">Map Finder - 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