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class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Ateisme" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Ateisme" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Ateisme" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Ateisme" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definisi_dan_pembedaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definisi_dan_pembedaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definisi dan pembedaan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definisi_dan_pembedaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Definisi dan pembedaan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definisi_dan_pembedaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ruang_lingkup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruang_lingkup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ruang lingkup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruang_lingkup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implisit_dan_eksplisit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implisit_dan_eksplisit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Implisit dan eksplisit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implisit_dan_eksplisit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuat_dan_lemah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuat_dan_lemah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Kuat dan lemah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuat_dan_lemah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dasar_pemikiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dasar_pemikiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dasar pemikiran</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dasar_pemikiran-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Dasar pemikiran</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dasar_pemikiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ateisme_praktis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ateisme_praktis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ateisme praktis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ateisme_praktis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ateisme_teoretis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ateisme_teoretis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ateisme teoretis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ateisme_teoretis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argumen_epistemologis_dan_ontologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argumen_epistemologis_dan_ontologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Argumen epistemologis dan ontologis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argumen_epistemologis_dan_ontologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argumen_metafisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argumen_metafisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Argumen metafisika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argumen_metafisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argumen_psikologis,_sosiologis,_dan_ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argumen_psikologis,_sosiologis,_dan_ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Argumen psikologis, sosiologis, dan ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argumen_psikologis,_sosiologis,_dan_ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argumen_logis_dan_berdasarkan_bukti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argumen_logis_dan_berdasarkan_bukti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Argumen logis dan berdasarkan bukti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argumen_logis_dan_berdasarkan_bukti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argumen_antroposentris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argumen_antroposentris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Argumen antroposentris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argumen_antroposentris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ateisme,_agama,_dan_moralitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ateisme,_agama,_dan_moralitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ateisme, agama, dan moralitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ateisme,_agama,_dan_moralitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bacaan lebih lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ateisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 171 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ateïsme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ateísmo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C4%93afl%C4%93asnes" title="Gelēaflēasnes – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gelēaflēasnes" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नास्तिकता – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नास्तिकता" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="إلحاد – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلحاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="إلحاد – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إلحاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="الحاد – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="নাস্তিকতা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাস্তিকতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmu" title="Ateísmu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ateísmu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkiskeva" title="Alkiskeva – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Alkiskeva" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="آتئیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آتئیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C4%97zmos" title="Ateėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ateėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атэізм – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атэізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атэізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атэізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaga%27_betuhan" title="Kaga' betuhan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kaga' betuhan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Атеизъм – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атеизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisma" title="Ateisma – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ateisma" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="নাস্তিক্যবাদ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাস্তিক্যবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%B7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A8%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྷ་མེད་སྨྲ་བ་པོ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྷ་མེད་སྨྲ་བ་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizoueegezh" title="Dizoueegezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dizoueegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizam" title="Ateizam – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ateizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateyismo" title="Ateyismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ateyismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بێخوایی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بێخوایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisimu" title="Ateisimu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ateisimu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismus" title="Ateismus – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ateismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anffyddiaeth" title="Anffyddiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anffyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αθεϊσμός – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αθεϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atheism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ateísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ateism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="خداناباوری – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خداناباوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismi" title="Ateismi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ateismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ateism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudloysi" title="Gudloysi – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gudloysi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath%C3%A9isme" title="Athéisme – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Athéisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisim" title="Ateisim – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ateisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ateïsme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aindiachas" title="Aindiachas – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aindiachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9yism" title="Atéyism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Atéyism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-dhiadhaireachd" title="Neo-dhiadhaireachd – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Neo-dhiadhaireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ateísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%C3%A3re_jerovia%27%E1%BB%B9" title="Tupãre jerovia'ỹ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tupãre jerovia'ỹ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6" title="નાસ્તિકવાદ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાસ્તિકવાદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjeeys" title="Anjeeys – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Anjeeys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulhidanci" title="Mulhidanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mulhidanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%80n-lun" title="Vû-sṳ̀n-lun – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vû-sṳ̀n-lun" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8D%CA%BBole_Akua" title="Hōʻole Akua – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hōʻole Akua" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אתאיזם – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתאיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नास्तिकता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नास्तिकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naastiktaa_(Atheism)" title="Naastiktaa (Atheism) – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Naastiktaa (Atheism)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizam" title="Ateizam – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ateizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateyis" title="Ateyis – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ateyis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizmus" title="Ateizmus – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ateizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Աթեիզմ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աթեիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismo" title="Atheismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Atheismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%BAleysi" title="Trúleysi – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Trúleysi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="無神論 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無神論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ietiyizim" title="Ietiyizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ietiyizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/caurceisi%27o" title="caurceisi'o – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="caurceisi'o" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9isme" title="Atéisme – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Atéisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ათეიზმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ათეიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticcufert" title="Ticcufert – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ticcufert" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateyiizim" title="Ateyiizim – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ateyiizim" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci_A%CC%B1gwaza" title="Ci A̱gwaza – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ci A̱gwaza" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%8B%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="무신론 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무신론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%AEzm" title="Ateîzm – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ateîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athe%C3%AFsme" title="Atheïsme – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Atheïsme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismu" title="Ateismu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ateismu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ອະເທວະນິຍົມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອະເທວະນິຍົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizmas" title="Ateizmas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ateizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisms" title="Ateisms – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ateisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Атеизмась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Атеизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisma" title="Ateisma – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ateisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Атеизам – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атеизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="നിരീശ്വരവാദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിരീശ്വരവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="အဒေဝဝါဒ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အဒေဝဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नास्तिकता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नास्तिकता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atei%C5%BCmu" title="Ateiżmu – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ateiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ateísmo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="အဒေဝဝါဒ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဒေဝဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="آتئیسم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آتئیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahte%C5%8Dmatiliztli" title="Ahteōmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ahteōmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismus" title="Atheismus – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Atheismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नास्तिकता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नास्तिकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="द्यःख्यालः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="द्यःख्यालः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athe%C3%AFsme" title="Atheïsme – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atheïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ateisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ateïsme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE" title="ନାସ୍ତିକତା – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନାସ୍ତିକତା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਾਸਤਿਕਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਸਤਿਕਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ateísmo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9ime" title="Atéime – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Atéime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ateism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ایتھیازم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتھیازم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="اتيزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اتيزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ateísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athismu" title="Athismu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Athismu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ateism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Атеізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismu" title="Ateismu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ateismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiismu" title="Atiismu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Atiismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Atheism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="لامذهبيت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لامذهبيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizam" title="Ateizam – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ateizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="අදේවවාදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අදේවවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atheism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizmus" title="Ateizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ateizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizem" title="Ateizem – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ateizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizmi" title="Ateizmi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ateizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Атеизам – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атеизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ateism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukanamungu" title="Ukanamungu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukanamungu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atejizm" title="Atejizm – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Atejizm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="இறைமறுப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இறைமறுப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="నాస్తికత్వం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాస్తికత్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="อเทวนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อเทวนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеизм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Атеизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="دىنسىزلىق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دىنسىزلىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Атеїзм – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атеїзм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دہریت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دہریت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateizm" title="Ateizm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ateizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_v%C3%B4_th%E1%BA%A7n" title="Chủ nghĩa vô thần – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa vô thần" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateyisse" title="Ateyisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ateyisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ateismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="无神论" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ათეიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ათეიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אטעיזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אטעיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="无神论" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BB-s%C3%AEn-l%C5%ABn" title="Bû-sîn-lūn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bû-sîn-lūn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="無神論 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="無神論" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7066#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ateisme" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Ateisme" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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tertunda</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&oldid=26306525&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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Ada <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&oldid=26306525&diff=cur">2 perubahan tertunda</a> menunggu peninjauan.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/Atheis_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Atheis (disambiguasi)">Atheis (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Dalam artikel ini, <i>Tuhan</i> (dengan <i>T</i> besar) merujuk pada Tuhan monoteisme, manakala <i>tuhan</i> (dengan <i>t</i> kecil) merujuk pada Tuhan/Dewa semua kepercayaan secara umum.</div> <table class="infobox" style="clear:right; width:14.0em; float:right; text-align:center; font-size:80%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#000000; padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <p><span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Bagian dari seri<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ateisme" title="Kategori:Ateisme"><span style="color: #ffffff;"></span></a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color: #ffffff; font-size: 175%;"><b>Ateisme</b></span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th> <div style="background:#000000;"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;"><b>Konsep</b></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Antiteisme" title="Antiteisme">Antiteisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme_dan_agama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateisme dan agama (halaman belum tersedia)">Ateisme dan agama</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Kuat_dan_lemah">Ateisme kuat dan lemah</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Implisit_dan_eksplisit">Ateisme implisit dan eksplisit</a><br /> </p> <div style="background:#000000;"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;"><b>Sejarah</b></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ateisme" title="Sejarah ateisme">Sejarah ateisme</a><br /> </p> <div style="background:#000000;"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;"><b>Argumen</b></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argumen_dari_rancangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argumen dari rancangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Argumen dari rancangan</a> </p> <div style="background:#000000;"><span style="color: #FFFFFF;"><b>Lainnya</b></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Demografi_ateisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Demografi ateisme">Demografi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_ateisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap ateisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tokoh_ateis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar tokoh ateis (halaman belum tersedia)">Tokoh ateis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ateisme_negara" title="Ateisme negara">Ateisme negara</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasi_terhadap_ateis" title="Diskriminasi terhadap ateis">Diskriminasi</a> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ateisme" title="Portal:Ateisme"><small>Portal Ateisme </small></a></b> ·<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ateisme" title="Templat:Ateisme"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Ateisme" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ateisme"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ateisme&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ateisme</b> (bentuk <a href="/wiki/Adjektiva" title="Adjektiva">adjektival</a> <b>ateis</b>) adalah sebuah pandangan filosofi yang menolak percaya atau tidak meyakini adanya keberadaan <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dewa" title="Dewa">dewa</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dewi" title="Dewi">dewi</a> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ataupun penolakan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Teisme" title="Teisme">teisme</a> yang disertai dengan klaim.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam pengertian yang paling luas, ia adalah penolak keyakinan atau menegasi kepercayaan bahwa tidak adanya keberadaan <a href="/wiki/Dewa" title="Dewa">dewa</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Paul_Heinrich_Dietrich_Baron_d%27Holbach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Paul_Heinrich_Dietrich_Baron_d%27Holbach.jpg/250px-Paul_Heinrich_Dietrich_Baron_d%27Holbach.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Paul_Heinrich_Dietrich_Baron_d%27Holbach.jpg/375px-Paul_Heinrich_Dietrich_Baron_d%27Holbach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Paul_Heinrich_Dietrich_Baron_d%27Holbach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Penulis <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> abad ke-18, <a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron d'Holbach">Baron d'Holbach</a> adalah salah seorang pertama yang menyebut dirinya ateis. Dalam buku <i><a href="/wiki/The_System_of_Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="The System of Nature">Système de la Nature</a></i> (1770), ia melukiskan jagad raya dalam pengertian materialisme filsafat, determinisme yang sempit, dan ateisme. Buku ini dan bukunya <i>Common Sense</i> (1772) dikutuk oleh <a href="/wiki/Parlemen" title="Parlemen">Parlemen Paris</a>, dan salinan-salinannya dibakar di depan umum.</figcaption></figure> <p>Istilah <i>ateisme</i> berasal dari bahasa Yunani <span lang="grc"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄθεος">ἄθεος</a></span> (<i>átheos</i>), yang secara <a href="/wiki/Peyorasi" title="Peyorasi">peyoratif</a> digunakan untuk merujuk pada siapapun yang kepercayaannya bertentangan dengan <a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">agama</a>/kepercayaan yang sudah mapan di lingkungannya. Dengan menyebarnya <a href="/wiki/Pemikiran_bebas" title="Pemikiran bebas">pemikiran bebas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skeptisisme_ilmiah" title="Skeptisisme ilmiah">skeptisisme ilmiah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_agama" title="Kritik terhadap agama">kritik terhadap agama</a>, istilah ateis mulai dispesifikasi untuk merujuk kepada mereka yang tidak percaya kepada tuhan. Orang yang pertama kali mengaku sebagai "ateis" muncul pada abad ke-18. Pada zaman sekarang, sekitar 2,3% populasi dunia mengaku sebagai ateis, manakala 11,9% mengaku sebagai <a href="/wiki/Nonteisme" title="Nonteisme">nonteis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_demographics_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_demographics-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sekitar 65% <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Jepang" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Jepang">penduduk Jepang</a> mengaku sebagai ateis, <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostik</a>, ataupun orang yang <a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">tidak beragama</a>; dan sekitar 48%-nya di <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zuckerman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persentase komunitas tersebut di <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> berkisar antara 6% (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>) sampai dengan 85% (<a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Zuckerman_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak ateis bersikap <a href="/wiki/Skeptisisme" title="Skeptisisme">skeptis</a> kepada keberadaan fenomena <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> karena kurangnya <a href="/wiki/Bukti_empiris" title="Bukti empiris">bukti empiris</a>. Yang lain memberikan argumen dengan dasar <a href="/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filosofis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosial</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">sejarah</a>. </p><p>Pada kebudayaan Barat, ateis sering kali diasumsikan sebagai tidak beragama (ireligius).<sup id="cite_ref-cline-buddhism_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cline-buddhism-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa aliran <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Agama Buddha</a> tidak pernah menyebutkan istilah '<a href="/wiki/Tuhan_dalam_agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhan dalam agama Buddha">Tuhan</a>' dalam berbagai upacara ritual, tetapi dalam Agama Buddha konsep ketuhanan yang dimaksud mempergunakan istilah <a href="/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana">Nirwana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karenanya agama ini sering disebut agama ateistik.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walaupun banyak dari yang mendefinisikan dirinya sebagai ateis cenderung kepada filosofi sekuler seperti <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rasionalisme" title="Rasionalisme">rasionalisme</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filsafat)" title="Naturalisme (filsafat)">naturalisme</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tidak ada ideologi atau perilaku spesifik yang dijunjung oleh semua ateis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14851226">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ephesians_2,12_-_Greek_atheos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ephesians_2%2C12_-_Greek_atheos.jpg/220px-Ephesians_2%2C12_-_Greek_atheos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Ephesians_2%2C12_-_Greek_atheos.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption>Kata Yunani <span lang="grc">αθεοι</span> (<i>atheoi</i>), seperti yang tampak pada <a href="/wiki/Surat_Paulus_kepada_Jemaat_di_Efesus" title="Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Efesus">Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Efesus</a> di papirus abad ke-3.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a>, kata sifat <i>atheos</i> (<i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄθεος">ἄθεος</a></span></i>, berasal dari awalan ἀ- + <i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:θεός">θεός</a></span></i> "tuhan") berarti "tak bertuhan". Kata ini mulai merujuk pada penolakan tuhan yang disengajakan dan aktif pada abad ke-5 SM, dengan definisi "memutuskan hubungan dengan tuhan/dewa" atau "menolak tuhan/dewa". Terjemahan modern pada teks-teks klasik kadang-kadang menerjemahkan <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">atheos</i></span> sebagai "ateistik". Sebagai nomina abstrak, terdapat pula <i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀθεότης">ἀθεότης</a></span></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">atheotēs</i></span>), yang berarti "ateisme". <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> mentransliterasi kata Yunani tersebut ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> <i><span lang="la"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/atheos#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:atheos">atheos</a></span></i>. Istilah ini sering digunakan pada perdebatan antara umat <a href="/wiki/Gereja_perdana" title="Gereja perdana">Kristen awal</a> dengan para pengikut agama Yunani Kuno (Helenis), yang mana masing-masing pihak menyebut satu sama lainnya sebagai ateis secara peyoratif.<sup id="cite_ref-drachmann_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drachmann-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Ateisme</i> pertama kali digunakan untuk merujuk pada "kepercayaan tersendiri" pada akhir abad ke-18 di Eropa, utamanya merujuk pada ketidakpercayaan pada Tuhan monoteis.<sup id="cite_ref-adevism_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adevism-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada abad ke-20, <a href="/wiki/Globalisasi" title="Globalisasi">globalisasi</a> memperluas definisi istilah ini untuk merujuk pada "ketidakpercayaan pada semua tuhan/dewa", walaupun adalah masih umum untuk merujuk ateisme sebagai "ketidakpercayaan pada Tuhan (monoteis)".<sup id="cite_ref-martin_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akhir-akhir ini, terdapat suatu desakan di dalam kelompok filosofi tertentu untuk mendefinisikan ulang <i>ateisme</i> sebagai "ketiadaan kepercayaan pada dewa/dewi", daripada ateisme sebagai kepercayaan itu sendiri. Definisi ini sangat populer di antara komunitas ateis, walaupun penggunaannya masih sangat terbatas.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definisi_dan_pembedaan">Definisi dan pembedaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Definisi dan pembedaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Definisi dan pembedaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png/325px-AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png/488px-AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png/650px-AtheismImplicitExplicit3_versiindo.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Suatu gambaran yang menunjukkan hubungan antara definisi ateisme kuat/lemah dengan ateisme implisit/eksplisit. Ateis implisit tidak memiliki pemikiran akan kepercayaan pada tuhan; individu seperti itu dikatakan secara implisit tanpa kepercayaan pada tuhan. Ateis eksplisit mengambil posisi terhadap kepercayaan pada tuhan; individu tersebut dapat menghindari untuk percaya pada tuhan (ateisme lemah), ataupun mengambil posisi bahwa tuhan tidak ada (ateisme kuat).</figcaption></figure> <p>Para penulis berbeda-beda dalam mendefinisikan dan mengklasifikasi <i>ateisme</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-eb911-atheism_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb911-atheism-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yakni apakah ateisme merupakan suatu kepercayaan tersendiri ataukah hanyalah ketiadaan pada kepercayaan, dan apakah ateisme memerlukan penolakan yang secara sadar dan eksplisit dilakukan. Berbagai kategori telah diajukan untuk mencoba membedakan jenis-jenis bentuk ateisme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruang_lingkup">Ruang lingkup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Ruang lingkup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ruang lingkup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa ambiguitas dan kontroversi yang terlibat dalam pendefinisian <i>ateisme</i> terletak pada sulitnya mencapai konsensus dalam mendefinisikan kata-kata seperti <i>dewa</i> dan <i>tuhan</i>. Pluralitas dalam konsep ketuhanan dan dewa menyebabkan perbedaan pemikiran akan penerapan kata <i>ateisme</i>. Dalam konteks <i>teisme</i> didefinisikan sebagai kepercayaan pada <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a> monoteis, orang-orang yang percaya pada dewa-dewi lainnya akan diklasifikasikan sebagai ateis. Sebaliknya pula, orang-orang Romawi kuno juga menuduh umat Kristen sebagai ateis karena tidak menyembah dewa-dewi <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">paganisme</a>. Pada abad ke-20, pandangan ini mulai ditinggalkan seiring dengan dianggapnya <i>teisme</i> meliputi keseluruhan kepercayaan pada dewa/tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-mmartin_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmartin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bergantung pada apa yang para ateis tolak, penolakan ateisme dapat berkisar dari penolakan akan keberadaan tuhan/dewa sampai dengan keberadaan konsep-konsep spiritual dan <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> seperti yang ada pada agama Hindu dan Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica1992_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica1992-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implisit_dan_eksplisit">Implisit dan eksplisit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Implisit dan eksplisit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Implisit dan eksplisit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definisi ateisme juga bervariasi dalam halnya sejauh mana seseorang harus mengambil posisi mengenai gagasan keberadaan tuhan untuk dianggap sebagai ateis. Ateisme kadang-kadang didefinisikan secara luas untuk meliputi ketiadaan kepercayaan akan keberadaan tuhan/dewa. Definisi yang luas ini akan memasukkan orang-orang yang tidak memiliki konsep teisme sebagai ateis. </p><p>Pada tahun 1772, <a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron d'Holbach">Baron d'Holbach</a> mengatakan bahwa "Semua anak-anak dilahirkan sebagai ateis, karena mereka tidak tahu akan Tuhan."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Smith" title="George H. Smith">George H. Smith</a> (1979) juga menyugestikan bahwa: "Orang yang tidak kenal dengan teisme adalah ateis karena ia tidak percaya pada tuhan. Kategori ini juga akan memasukkan anak dengan kapasitas konseptual untuk mengerti isu-isu yang terlibat, tetapi masih tidak sadar akan isu-isu tersebut (<i>sebagai ateis</i>). Fakta bahwa anak ini tidak percaya pada tuhan membuatnya pantas disebut ateis."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith menciptakan istilah <i>ateisme implisit</i> untuk merujuk pada "ketiadaan kepercayaan teistik tanpa penolakan yang secara sadar dilakukan" dan <i>ateisme eksplisit</i> untuk merujuk pada definisi ketidakpercayaan yang dilakukan secara sadar. </p><p>Dalam kebudayaan Barat, pandangan bahwa anak-anak dilahirkan sebagai ateis merupakan pemikiran yang baru. Sebelum abad ke-18, keberadaan Tuhan diterima secara sangat luas sedemikiannya keberadaan ateisme yang benar-benar tidak percaya akan Tuhan itu dipertanyakan keberadaannya. Hal ini disebut <i>theistic innatism</i> (pembawaan lahir teistik), yakni suatu nosi bahwa semua orang percaya pada Tuhan dari lahir. Pandangan ini memiliki konotasi bahwa para ateis hanyalah menyangkal diri sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat pula sebuah posisi yang mengklaim bahwa ateis akan dengan cepat percaya pada Tuhan pada saat krisis, bahwa ateis percaya pada tuhan pada saat <a href="/wiki/Kematian" title="Kematian">meninggal dunia</a>, ataupun bahwa "tidak ada ateis dalam lubang perlindungan perang (<i>no atheists in foxholes</i>)."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa pendukung pandangan ini mengklaim bahwa keuntungan antropologis agama membuat manusia dapat mengatasi keadaan susah lebih baik. Beberapa ateis menitikberatkan fakta bahwa terdapat banyak contoh yang membuktikan sebaliknya, di antaranya contoh-contoh "ateis yang benar-benar berada di lubang perlindungan perang."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuat_dan_lemah">Kuat dan lemah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Kuat dan lemah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kuat dan lemah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Para filsuf seperti <a href="/wiki/Antony_Flew" title="Antony Flew">Antony Flew</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-presumption_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presumption-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_(filsuf)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Martin (filsuf)">Michael Martin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-martin_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/William_L._Rowe" title="William L. Rowe">William L. Rowe</a><sup id="cite_ref-RoweRoutledge_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoweRoutledge-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> membedakan antara ateisme kuat (positif) dengan ateisme lemah (negatif). Ateisme kuat adalah penegasan bahwa tuhan tidak ada, sedangkan ateisme lemah meliputi seluruh bentuk ajaran nonteisme lainnya. Menurut kategorisasi ini, siapapun yang bukan teis dapatlah ateis yang lemah ataupun kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istilah <i>lemah</i> dan <i>kuat</i> ini merupakan istilah baru, tetapi istilah yang setara seperti ateisme <i>negatif</i> dan <i>positif</i> telah digunakan dalam berbagai literatur-literatur filosofi<sup id="cite_ref-presumption_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presumption-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan apologetika Katolik (dalam artian yang sedikit berbeda).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menggunakan batasan ateisme ini, kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostik</a> adalah ateis lemah. </p><p>Manakala <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_(filsuf)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Martin (filsuf)">Martin</a>, menegaskan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostisisme</a> memiliki bawaan ateisme lemah,<sup id="cite_ref-martin_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kebanyakan agnostik memandang pandangan mereka berbeda dari ateisme, yang mereka liat ateisme sama saja tidak benarnya dengan teisme.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketidaktercapaian pengetahuan yang diperlukan untuk membuktikan atau membantah keberadaan tuhan/dewa kadang-kadang dilihat sebagai indikasi bahwa ateisme memerlukan sebuah lompatan <a href="/wiki/Keyakinan_dan_kepercayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyakinan dan kepercayaan">kepercayaan</a>. Respon ateis terhadap argumen ini adalah bahwa dalil-dalil <a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">keagamaan</a> yang tak terbukti seharusnyalah pantas mendapatkan ketidakpercayaan yang sama sebagaimana ketidakpercayaan pada dalil-dalil tak terbukti <i>lainnya</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan bahwa ketidakterbuktian keberadaan tuhan tidak mengimplikasikan bahwa probabilitas keberadaan tuhan sama dengan probabilitas ketiadaan tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filsuf Skotlandia <a href="/wiki/J._J._C._Smart" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. C. Smart">J. J. C. Smart</a> bahkan berargumen bahwa "kadang-kadang seseorang yang benar-benar ateis dapat menyebut dirinya sebagai seorang agnostik karena generalisasi <a href="/wiki/Skeptisisme_filosofis" title="Skeptisisme filosofis">skeptisisme filosofis</a> tak beralasan yang akan menghalangi kita dari berkata kita tahu apapun, kecuali mungkin kebenaran matematika dan logika formal."<sup id="cite_ref-stanford_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanford-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karenanya, beberapa penulis ateis populer seperti <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> memilih untuk membedakan posisi teis, agnostik, dan ateis sebagai spektrum probabilitas terhadap pernyataan "Tuhan ada" (<i>spektrum probabilitas teistik</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dasar_pemikiran">Dasar pemikiran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Dasar pemikiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dasar pemikiran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Supreme_Impiety,_Atheist_and_Charlatan_-_Picta_poesis,_by_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Aneau_(1552).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Supreme_Impiety%2C_Atheist_and_Charlatan_-_Picta_poesis%2C_by_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Aneau_%281552%29.jpg/355px-Supreme_Impiety%2C_Atheist_and_Charlatan_-_Picta_poesis%2C_by_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Aneau_%281552%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="355" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Supreme_Impiety%2C_Atheist_and_Charlatan_-_Picta_poesis%2C_by_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Aneau_%281552%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>"Salah satu anak dari gerombolan orang pernah menanyai seorang ahli <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a> siapa ayah yang membawanya ke dalam dunia ini. <a href="/wiki/Cendekiawan" title="Cendekiawan">Cendekiawan</a> tersebut menunjuk langit dan seorang tua yang sedang duduk, dan berkata:<br /> <i> 'Yang di sana adalah ayah tubuhmu, dan yang itu adalah ayah jiwamu.' </i><br /> Anak lelaki tersebut membalas:<br /> <i> 'Apa yang di atas kita bukanlah urusan kita, dan saya malu menjadi anak dari orang setua itu!'<br /> </i> 'Oh sangatlah tidak berbudi, tidak ingin mengenali ayahmu, dan tidak berpikir bahwa Tuhan adalah penciptamu!' <i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ilustrasi ateisme praktis dan asosiasi historisnya dengan amoralitas, judul "Supreme Impiety: Atheist and Charlatan", dari </i>Picta poesis<i>, oleh <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_Aneau" title="Barthélémy Aneau">Barthélémy Aneau</a>, 1552.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Batasan dasar pemikiran ateistik yang paling luas adalah antara ateisme praktis dengan ateisme teoretis. Bentuk-bentuk ateisme teoretis yang berbeda-beda berasal dari argumen filosofis dan dasar pemikiran yang berbeda-beda pula. Sebaliknya, ateisme praktis tidaklah memerlukan argumen yang spesifik dan dapat meliputi pengabaian dan ketidaktahuan akan pemikiran tentang tuhan/dewa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ateisme_praktis">Ateisme praktis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Ateisme praktis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ateisme praktis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam ateisme <i>praktis</i> atau <i>pragmatis</i>, yang juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Apateisme" title="Apateisme">apateisme</a>, individu hidup tanpa tuhan dan menjelaskan fenomena alam tanpa menggunakan alasan paranormal. Menurut pandangan ini, keberadaan tuhan tidaklah disangkal, tetapi dapat dianggap sebagai tidak penting dan tidak berguna; tuhan tidaklah memberikan kita tujuan hidup, ataupun memengaruhi kehidupan sehari-hari.<sup id="cite_ref-Zdybicka-p20_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zdybicka-p20-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salah satu bentuk ateisme praktis dengan implikasinya dalam <a href="/wiki/Komunitas_ilmiah" title="Komunitas ilmiah">komunitas ilmiah</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filsafat)" title="Naturalisme (filsafat)">naturalisme metodologis</a>, yaitu pengambilan asumsi naturalisme filosofis dalam <a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">metode ilmiah</a> yang tidak diucapkan dengan ataupun tanpa secara penuh menerima atau memercayainya."<sup id="cite_ref-neps_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neps-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ateisme praktis dapat berupa: </p> <ul><li>Ketiadaan motivasi religius, yakni kepercayaan pada tuhan tidak memotivasi tindakan moral, religi, ataupun bentuk-bentuk tindakan lainnya;</li> <li>Pengesampingan masalah tuhan dan religi secara aktif dari penelusuran intelek dan tindakan praktis;</li> <li>Pengabaian, yakni ketiadaan ketertarikan apapun pada permasalahan tuhan dan agama; dan</li> <li>Ketidaktahuan akan konsep tuhan dan dewa.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ateisme_teoretis">Ateisme teoretis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Ateisme teoretis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ateisme teoretis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ateisme teoretis secara eksplisit memberikan argumen menentang keberadaan tuhan, dan secara aktif merespon kepada argumen teistik mengenai keberadaan tuhan, seperti misalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argumen_dari_rancangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argumen dari rancangan (halaman belum tersedia)">argumen dari rancangan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Taruhan_Pascal" title="Taruhan Pascal">taruhan Pascal</a>. Terdapat berbagai alasan-alasan teoretis untuk menolak keberadaan tuhan, utamanya secara ontologis, gnoseologis, dan epistemologis. Selain itu terdapat pula alasan psikologis dan sosiologis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argumen_epistemologis_dan_ontologis">Argumen epistemologis dan ontologis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Argumen epistemologis dan ontologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Argumen epistemologis dan ontologis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ateisme <a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">epistemologis</a> berargumen bahwa orang tidak dapat mengetahui Tuhan ataupun menentukan keberadaan Tuhan. Dasar epistemologis ateisme adalah <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostisisme</a>. Dalam filosofi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imanensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imanensi (halaman belum tersedia)">imanensi</a>, ketuhanan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dunia itu sendiri, termasuk pula pikiran seseorang, dan <a href="/wiki/Kesadaran" title="Kesadaran">kesadaran</a> tiap-tiap orang terkunci pada <a href="/wiki/Subjek_(filsafat)" title="Subjek (filsafat)">subjek</a>. Menurut bentuk agnostisisme ini, keterbatasan pada perspektif ini menghalangi kesimpulan objektif apapun mengenai kepercayaan pada tuhan dan keberadaannya. Agnostisisme <a href="/wiki/Rasionalisme" title="Rasionalisme">rasionalistik</a> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pencerahan" title="Abad Pencerahan">Pencerahan</a> hanya menerima ilmu yang dideduksi dari rasionalitas manusia. Bentuk ateisme ini memiliki posisi bahwa tuhan tidak dapat dilihat sebagai suatu materi secara prinsipnya, sehingga tidak dapat diketahui apakah ia ada atau tidak. <a href="/wiki/Skeptisisme_filosofis" title="Skeptisisme filosofis">Skeptisisme</a>, yang didasarkan pada pemikiran <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a>, menegaskan bahwa kepastian akan segala sesuatunya adalah tidak mungkin, sehingga seseorang tidak akan pernah mengetahui keberadaan tentang Tuhan. Alokasi agnostisisme terhadap ateisme adalah dipertentangkan; ia juga dapat dianggap sebagai pandangan dunia dasar yang independen.<sup id="cite_ref-Zdybicka-p20_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zdybicka-p20-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argumen lainnya yang mendukung ateisme yang dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai epistemologis ataupun <a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">ontologis</a> meliputi <a href="/wiki/Positivisme_logis" title="Positivisme logis">positivisme logis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ignostisisme" title="Ignostisisme">ignostisisme</a>, yang menegaskan ketidakberartian ataupun ketidakterpahaman istilah-istilah dasar seperti "Tuhan" dan pernyataan seperti "Tuhan adalah mahakuasa." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonkognitivisme_teologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonkognitivisme teologis (halaman belum tersedia)">Nonkognitivisme teologis</a> memiliki posisi bahwa pernyataan "Tuhan ada" bukanlah suatu dalil, tetapi hanyah omong kosong ataupun secara kognitif tidak berarti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argumen_metafisika">Argumen metafisika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Argumen metafisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Argumen metafisika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">Monisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisikalisme" title="Fisikalisme">Fisikalisme</a></div> <p>Ateisme metafisik didasarkan pada <a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">monisme</a> metafisika, yakni pandangan bahwa realitas adalah homogen dan tidak dapat dibagi. Ateis metafisik absolut termasuk ke dalam beberapa bentuk <a href="/wiki/Fisikalisme" title="Fisikalisme">fisikalisme</a>, sehingga secara eksplisit menolak keberadaan makhluk-makhluk halus. Ateis metafisik relatif menolak secara implisit konsep-konsep ketuhanan tertentu didasarkan pada ketidakkongruenan antara filosofi dasar mereka dengan sifat-sifat yang biasanya ditujukan kepada tuhan, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Transendensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Transendensi">transendensi</a>, sifat-sifat personal, dan keesaan tuhan. Contoh-contoh ateisme metafisik relatif meliputi <a href="/wiki/Panteisme" title="Panteisme">panteisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panenteisme" title="Panenteisme">panenteisme</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Deisme" title="Deisme">deisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg/220px-Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg/330px-Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg/440px-Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2533" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Epikouros" class="mw-redirect" title="Epikouros">Epikouros</a> sering disebut sebagai orang yang pertama menguraikan secara terperinci <a href="/wiki/Masalah_kejahatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Masalah kejahatan">masalah kejahatan</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a> dalam bukunya <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_Concerning_Natural_Religion" title="Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion">Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion</a></i> (1779) mengutip argumen Epikouros dalam bentuk sederet pertanyaan:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Apakah [Tuhan] berniat mencegah kejahatan, tetapi tidak dapat? maka apakah ia tak berdaya. Apakah ia dapat, tetapi tidak berniat? Maka apakah ia berhati dengki. Apakah ia dapat dan berniat? maka darimanakah kejahatan?"</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argumen_psikologis,_sosiologis,_dan_ekonomi"><span id="Argumen_psikologis.2C_sosiologis.2C_dan_ekonomi"></span>Argumen psikologis, sosiologis, dan ekonomi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Argumen psikologis, sosiologis, dan ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Argumen psikologis, sosiologis, dan ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Para filsuf seperti <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Feuerbach" title="Ludwig Feuerbach">Ludwig Feuerbach</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> berargumen bahwa Tuhan dan kepercayaan keagamaan lainnya hanyalah ciptaan manusia, yang diciptakan untuk memenuhi keinginan dan kebutuhan psikologis dan emosi manusia. Hal ini juga merupakan pandangan banyak <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Buddhis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, dipengaruhi oleh karya Feuerbach, berargumen bahwa kepercayaan pada Tuhan dan agama adalah fungsi sosial, yang digunakan oleh penguasa untuk menekan kelas pekerja. Menurut <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a>, "pemikiran akan Tuhan mengimplikasikan turunnya derajat akal manusia dan keadilan; ia merupakan negasi kebebasan manusia yang paling tegas, dan seperlunya akan berakhir pada perbudakan umat manusia, dalam teori dan praktiknya." Ia membalikkan aforisme <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> yang terkenal yang berbunyi jika "Tuhan tidak ada, maka adalah perlu untuk menciptakanNya", dengan menulis: "Jika Tuhan benar-benar ada, maka adalah perlu untuk menghapusnya."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argumen_logis_dan_berdasarkan_bukti">Argumen logis dan berdasarkan bukti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Argumen logis dan berdasarkan bukti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Argumen logis dan berdasarkan bukti"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ateisme logis memiliki posisi bahwa berbagai konsep ketuhanan, seperti tuhan personal dalam kekristenan, dianggap secara logis tidak konsisten. Para ateis ini memberikan argumen deduktif yang menentang keberadaan Tuhan, yang menegaskan ketidakcocokan antara sifat-sifat tertentu Tuhan, misalnya kesempurnaan, status pencipta, kekekalan, kemahakuasaan, kemahatahuan, kemahabelaskasihan, transendensi, kemahaadilan, dan kemahapengampunan Tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ateis <a href="/wiki/Teodisi" title="Teodisi">teodisi</a> percaya bahwa dunia ini tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan sifat-sifat yang terdapat pada Tuhan dan dewa-dewi sebagaimana yang diberikan oleh para teolog. Mereka berargumen bahwa kemahatahuan, kemahakuasaan, dan kemahabelaskasihan Tuhan tidaklah cocok dengan dunia yang penuh dengan <a href="/wiki/Masalah_kejahatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Masalah kejahatan">kejahatan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penderitaan" title="Penderitaan">penderitaan</a>, dan belas kasih tuhan/dewa adalah tidak dapat dilihat oleh banyak orang.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argumen yang sama juga diberikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Siddhartha Gautama</a>, pendiri <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Agama Buddha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argumen_antroposentris">Argumen antroposentris</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Argumen antroposentris" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Argumen antroposentris"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Antropologi_filosofis" title="Antropologi filosofis">Antropologi filosofis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">Humanisme</a></div> <p>Ateisme <a href="/wiki/Aksiologi" title="Aksiologi">aksiologis</a> atau konstruktif menolak keberadaan tuhan, dan sebaliknya menerima keberadaan "kemutlakan yang lebih tinggi" seperti <a href="/wiki/Kemanusiaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemanusiaan">kemanusiaan</a>. Ateisme dalam bentuk ini menganggap kemanusiaan sebagai sumber mutlak etika dan nilai-nilai, dan mengizinkan individu untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan moral tanpa bergantung pada Tuhan. Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, dan Sartre semuanya menggunakan argumen ini untuk menyebarkan pesar-pesan kebebasan, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch">Übermensch</a>, dan kebahagiaan tanpa kekangan.<sup id="cite_ref-Zdybicka-p20_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zdybicka-p20-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salah satu kritik yang paling umum terhadap ateisme adalah bahwa menolak keberadaan Tuhan akan membawa pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativisme_moral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativisme moral (halaman belum tersedia)">relativisme moral</a>, menyebabkan seseorang tidak bermoral ataupun tidak memiliki dasar etika,<sup id="cite_ref-misconceptions_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-misconceptions-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atau membuat hidup tidak berarti dan menyedihkan.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> memaparkan argumen ini pada tahun 1669.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Irreligion_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Irreligion_map.png/450px-Irreligion_map.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Irreligion_map.png/675px-Irreligion_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Irreligion_map.png/900px-Irreligion_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Kadar ateisme dan agnostisisme di seluruh dunia<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Adalah sulit untuk menghitung jumlah ateis di dunia. Para responden survei dapat mendefinisikan "ateisme" secara berbeda-beda ataupun menarik garis batas yang berbeda antara <i>ateisme</i>, kepercayaan non-religius, dan kepercayaan religius non-teis dan spiritual.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, masyarakat di beberapa belahan dunia enggan melaporkan dirinya sebagai ateis untuk menghindari stigma sosial, <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasi" title="Diskriminasi">diskriminasi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Penganiayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Penganiayaan">penganiayaan</a>. Survei tahun 2005 yang dipublikasi dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> menunjukkan bahwa kelompok non-religius mencapai sekitar 11,9% populasi dunia, dan ateis sekitar 2,3%. Jumlah ini tidak termasuk orang-orang yang memeluk agama ateistik, seperti agama Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_demographics_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_demographics-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Survei November-Desember 2006 yang dilakukan di Amerika Serikat dan lima negara Eropa, dan dipublikasi di <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> menunjukkan bahwa orang Amerika (73%) cenderung lebih percaya kepada tuhan/dewa atau makhluk tertinggi dalam bentuk apapun daripada orang Eropa. Di antara orang dewasa Eropa yang disurvei, orang Italia adalah yang paling banyak percaya (62%) dan orang Prancis adalah yang paling rendah (27%). Di Prancis, 32% mengaku dirinya sebagai ateis, dan 32% lainnya mengaku sebagai <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnostik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Survei resmi <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> memberikan hasil-hasil berikut: 18% populasi Uni Eropa tidak percaya pada tuhan; 27% yakin akan keberadaan beberapa "makhluk halus atau roh", manakala 52% percaya pada tuhan-tuhan tertentu. Proporsi orang yang percaya naik menjadi 65% pada orang-orang yang putus sekolah pada usia 15; responden survei yang menganggap dirinya berasal dari latar belakang keluarga yang keras juga lebih cenderung percaya pada tuhan daripada yang merasa dirinya tumbuh di lingkungan tanpa aturan yang keras.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah surat yang dipublikasi di <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> pada tahun 1998 melaporkan sebuah survei bahwa kepercayaan pada tuhan personal ataupun kehidupan setelah mati berada dalam posisi terendah di antara para anggota <a href="/wiki/Akademi_Sains_Nasional_Amerika_Serikat" title="Akademi Sains Nasional Amerika Serikat">Akademi Sains Nasional Amerika Serikat</a>, hanya 7,0% anggota yang percaya pada tuhan personal, dibandingkan dengan lebih dari 85% masyarakat AS secara umumnya.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun yang sama pula, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sulloway" title="Frank Sulloway">Frank Sulloway</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_Massachusetts" title="Institut Teknologi Massachusetts">Institut Teknologi Massachusetts</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Michael Shermer</a> dari <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="California State University">California State University</a> melakukan sebuah kajian yang menemukan bahwa pada sampel survei mereka yang terdiri dari orang dewasa AS yang "dipercayai" (12% Ph.D dan 62% lulusan perguruan tinggi), 64%-nya percaya pada Tuhan, dan terdapat sebuah <a href="/wiki/Korelasi" title="Korelasi">korelasi</a> yang mengindikasikan menurunnya tingkat kepercayaan seiring dengan meningkatnya tingkat pendidikan.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Korelasi yang berbanding terbalik antara keimanan dengan kecerdasan juga telah ditemukan pada 39 kajian yang dilakukan antara tahun 1927 sampai dengan tahun 2002, menurut sebuah artikel dalam <i>Majalah <a href="/wiki/Mensa" title="Mensa">Mensa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penemuan ini secara luas sesuai dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta-analisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta-analisis (halaman belum tersedia)">meta-analisis</a> statistis tahun 1958 yang dilakukan oleh Profesor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Argyle_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Argyle (psychologist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Argyle</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Oxford" title="Universitas Oxford">Universitas Oxford</a>. Ia menganalisis tujuh kajian riset yang telah menginvestigasi korelasi antara sikap terhadap agama dengan pengukuran <a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan" class="mw-disambig" title="Kecerdasan">kecerdasan</a> pada pelajar-pelajar sekolah dan perguruan tinggi AS. Walaupun korelasi negatif ditemukan dengan jelas, analisis ini tidak mengidentifikasi sebab musababnya. Namun, menilai bahwa faktor-faktor seperti latar belakang keluarga yang otoriter dan kelas sosial mungkin memainkan sebagian peran penting.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada sensus pemerintah Australia pada tahun 2006, pada pertanyaan yang menanyakan <i>Apakah agama anda?</i> Dari keseluruhan populasi, 18,7% mencentang kotak <i>tak beragama</i> ataupun menulis sebuah respon yang diklasifikasikan sebagai non-religius (humanisme, agnostik, ateis). Pertanyaan ini bersifat sukarela dan 11,2% tidak menjawab pertanyaan ini.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada sensus <a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a> 2006 yang menanyakan <i>Apakah agama anda?</i>, 34,7% mengindikasikan tidak beragama, 12,2% tidak merespon ataupun keberatan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ateisme,_agama,_dan_moralitas"><span id="Ateisme.2C_agama.2C_dan_moralitas"></span>Ateisme, agama, dan moralitas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Ateisme, agama, dan moralitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ateisme, agama, dan moralitas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lightmatter_buddha3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lightmatter_buddha3.jpg/220px-Lightmatter_buddha3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Lightmatter_buddha3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Karena <a href="/wiki/Tuhan_dalam_agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhan dalam agama Buddha">ketiadaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a> pencipta, <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Agama Buddha</a> umumnya dideskripsikan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonteis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonteis (halaman belum tersedia)">nonteis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Walaupun orang yang mengaku sebagai ateis biasanya diasumsikan tak beragama, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Sekte" title="Sekte">sekte</a> agama tertentu pula ada yang menolak keberadaan dewa pencipta yang personal.<sup id="cite_ref-winston2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winston2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada akhir-akhir ini, aliran-aliran keagamaan tertentu juga telah menarik banyak penganut yang secara terbuka ateis, seperti misalnya Yahudi ateis atau Yahudi humanis<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Kristen ateis.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dikarenakan artian paling kaku ateisme positif tidak memerlukan kepercayaan spesifik apapun di luar ketidakpercayaan pada dewa/tuhan, ateis dapat memiliki kepercayaan <a href="/wiki/Spiritual" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Spiritual">spiritual</a> apapun. Untuk alasan yang sama pula, para ateis dapat berpegang pada berbagai kepercayaan etis, mulai dari <a href="/wiki/Universalisme_moral" title="Universalisme moral">universalisme moral</a> <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a>, yang berpandangan bahwa nilai-nilai moral haruslah diterapkan secara konsisten kepada seluruh manusia, sampai dengan <a href="/wiki/Nihilisme_moral" title="Nihilisme moral">nihilisme moral</a>, yang berpendapat bahwa moralitas adalah hal yang tak berarti.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walaupun ia merupakan kebenaran filosofis, yang secara ringkas dipaparkan dalam karya Plato <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Euthyphro" title="Dilema Euthyphro">dilema Euthyphro</a> bahwa peran tuhan dalam menentukan yang benar dari yang salah adalah tidak diperlukan maupun adalah sewenang-wenang, argumen bahwa moralitas haruslah diturunkan dari Tuhan dan tidak dapat ada tanpa pencipta yang bijak telah menjadi isu-isu yang terus menerus muncul dalam debat politik.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kant_CPR_A811_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kant_CPR_A811-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persepsi moral seperti "membunuh adalah salah" dilihat sebagai hukum Tuhan, yang memerlukan pembuat hukum dan hakim. Namun, banyak ateis yang berargumen bahwa memperlakukan moralitas secara legalistik adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Analogi_salah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analogi salah (halaman belum tersedia)">analogi salah</a>, dan bahwa moralitas tidak seperlunya memerlukan seorang pencipta hukum sama halnya hukum itu sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filsuf <a href="/wiki/Susan_Neiman" title="Susan Neiman">Susan Neiman</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Julian_Baggini" title="Julian Baggini">Julian Baggini</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menegaskan bahwa perilaku etis yang dilakukan hanya karena mandat Yang Di atas bukanlah perlaku etis yang sebenarnya, melainkan hanyalah kepatuhan buta. Baggini berargumen bahwa ateisme merupakan dasar etika yang lebih superior, dan mengklaim bahwa dasar moral di luar perintah agama adalah diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi moralitas perintah itu sendiri. Sebagai contoh, perintah "anda haruslah mencuri" adalah amoral bahkan jika suatu agama memerintahkannya, sehingga ateis memiliki keuntungan untuk dapat lebih melakukan evaluasi tersebut daripada umat beragama yang mematuhi perintah agamanya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Filsuf politik kontemporer Britania Martin Cohen menawarkan contoh historis perintah Alkitab yang menganjurkan penyiksaan dan perbudakan sebagai bukti bahwa perintah-perintah religius mengikuti norma-norma sosial dan politik, dan bukannya norma-norma sosial dan politik yang mengikuti perintah religius. Namun, ia juga mencatat bahwa kecenderungan yang sama jugalah terjadi pada filsuf-filsuf yang tidak memihak dan objektif.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cohen memperluas argumen ini dengan lebih mendetail pada <i>Political Philosophy from Plato to Mao</i> dalam kasus kitab <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> yang ia lihat telah memiliki peran yang disesalkan dalam memelihara kode-kode sosial zaman pertengahan di tengah-tengah perubahan masyarakat sekuler.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walaupun demikian, para ateis seperti <a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris_(penulis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Harris (penulis)">Sam Harris</a> berargumen bahwa kebergantungan agama Barat pada otoritas Yang Di Atas berkontribusi pada <a href="/wiki/Otoritarianisme" title="Otoritarianisme">otoritarianisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogmatisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebenarnya pula, <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme" title="Fundamentalisme">fundamentalisme agama</a> dan agama ekstrinsik (agama dipeluk karena ia lebih menguntungkan)<sup id="cite_ref-Moreira-almeida2006_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moreira-almeida2006-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> berkorelasi dengan otoritarianise, dogmatisme, dan prasangka.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argumen ini, bersama dengan kejadian-kejadian historis seperti <a href="/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib">Perang Salib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inkuisisi" title="Inkuisisi">Inkuisisi</a>, dan penghukuman <a href="/wiki/Sihir" title="Sihir">tukang sihir</a>, sering digunakan oleh para ateis yang antiagama untuk membenarkan pandangan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_agama" title="Daftar agama">Daftar agama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">Agnostisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateisme_dalam_Hindu" title="Ateisme dalam Hindu">Ateisme dalam Hindu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Rowe" title="William L. Rowe">Rowe, William L.</a> (1998). "Atheism". Dalam Edward Craig. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai_Nielsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai Nielsen (halaman belum tersedia)">Nielsen, Kai</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40634/atheism">"Atheism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F40634%2Fatheism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> "Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings.... a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for [reasons that depend] on how God is being conceived."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Edwards_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Edwards (philosopher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Edwards, Paul</a> (1967). "Atheism". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">The Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>. Vol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. hlm. 175. <q>On our definition, an 'atheist' is a person who rejects belief in God, regardless of whether or not his reason for the rejection is the claim that 'God exists' expresses a false proposition. People frequently adopt an attitude of rejection toward a position for reasons other than that it is a false proposition. It is common among contemporary philosophers, and indeed it was not uncommon in earlier centuries, to reject positions on the ground that they are meaningless. Sometimes, too, a theory is rejected on such grounds as that it is sterile or redundant or capricious, and there are many other considerations which in certain contexts are generally agreed to constitute good grounds for rejecting an assertion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Collier-MacMillan&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Artikel pendek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religioustolerance.org&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religioustolerance.org (halaman belum tersedia)">religioustolerance.org</a> pada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/atheist4.htm">Definitions of the term "Atheism"</a> menyatakan bahwa tidak ada konsensus mengenai definisi istilah ateisme. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Blackburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Blackburn (halaman belum tersedia)">Simon Blackburn</a> pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy</a>: "<i>Atheism. Either the lack of belief in a god, or the belief that there is none</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagobert_D._Runes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagobert D. Runes (halaman belum tersedia)">Runes, Dagobert D.(editor)</a> (1942 edition). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ditext.com/runes/a.html"><i>Dictionary of Philosophy</i></a>. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0064634612" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0064634612">0064634612</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-02-01</span></span>. <q>(a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Philosophy&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Littlefield%2C+Adams+%26+Co.+Philosophical+Library&rft.isbn=0064634612&rft.aulast=Runes&rft.aufirst=Dagobert+D.%28editor%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ditext.com%2Frunes%2Fa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|year=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica_demographics-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_demographics_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_demographics_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9432620">"Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2005"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Worldwide+Adherents+of+All+Religions+by+Six+Continental+Areas%2C+Mid-2005&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.eb.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9432620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <ul><li>2.3% Atheists: Persons professing atheism, skepticism, disbelief, or irreligion, including the militantly antireligious (opposed to all religion).</li> <li>11.9% Nonreligious: Persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers, uninterested, or dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion but not militantly so.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Zuckerman-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zuckerman_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuckerman_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zuckerman, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html">"Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822041707/http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-08-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>The Cambridge Companion to Atheism</i>, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cline-buddhism-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cline-buddhism_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cline, Austin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217190241/http://atheism.about.com/b/a/220595.htm">"Buddhism and Atheism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">about.com</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheism.about.com/b/a/220595.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2006-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddhism+and+Atheism&rft.pub=about.com&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Austin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatheism.about.com%2Fb%2Fa%2F220595.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samaggi-phala.or.id/naskahdamma_dtl.php?id=1003&multi=T&hal=0">"Ceramah Bhikkhu Uttamo - Ketuhanan dalam agama Buddha"</a>. Samaggi Phala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceramah+Bhikkhu+Uttamo+-+Ketuhanan+dalam+agama+Buddha&rft.pub=Samaggi+Phala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samaggi-phala.or.id%2Fnaskahdamma_dtl.php%3Fid%3D1003%26multi%3DT%26hal%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kedar, Nath Tiwari (1997). <i>Comparative Religion</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motilal_Banarsidass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motilal Banarsidass (halaman belum tersedia)">Motilal Banarsidass</a>. hlm. hal. 50. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/8120802934" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-208-0293-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Religion&rft.pages=hal.+50&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Kedar&rft.aufirst=Nath+Tiwari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Honderich, Ted (Ed.) (1995). "Humanism". <i>The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i>. Oxford University Press. p 376. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0198661320" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-866132-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fales, Evan. "Naturalism and Physicalism", in <a href="#CITEREFMartin2007">Martin 2007</a>, hlm. 122–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaggini2003">Baggini 2003</a>, hlm. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drachmann-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-drachmann_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Drachmann, A. B. (1977 ("sebuah cetakan ulang yang tidak berubah dari versi tahun 1922")). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atheisminpaganan0000drac"><i>Atheism in Pagan Antiquity</i></a>. Chicago: Ares Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-89005-201-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-89005-201-8">0-89005-201-8</a>. <q>Atheism and atheist are words formed from Greek roots and with Greek derivative endings. Nevertheless they are not Greek; their formation is not consonant with Greek usage. In Greek they said <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">atheos</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">atheotēs</i></span></i>; to these the English words ungodly and ungodliness correspond rather closely. In exactly the same way as ungodly, <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">atheos</i></span></i> was used as an expression of severe censure and moral condemnation; this use is an old one, and the oldest that can be traced. Not till later do we find it employed to denote a certain philosophical creed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism+in+Pagan+Antiquity&rft.pub=Chicago%3A+Ares+Publishers&rft.isbn=0-89005-201-8&rft.aulast=Drachmann&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatheisminpaganan0000drac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|year=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adevism-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adevism_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In part because of its wide use in monotheistic Western society, <i>atheism</i> is usually described as "disbelief in God", rather than more generally as "disbelief in deities". A clear distinction is rarely drawn in modern writings between these two definitions, but some archaic uses of <i>atheism</i> encompassed only disbelief in the singular God, not in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polytheism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polytheism (halaman belum tersedia)">polytheistic</a> deities. It is on this basis that the obsolete term <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adevism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adevism (halaman belum tersedia)">adevism</a></i> was coined in the late 19th century to describe an absence of belief in plural deities. <cite class="citation journal">Britannica (1911). "Atheonism". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (edisi ke-11th Edition).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Atheonism&rft.date=1911&rft.au=Britannica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-martin-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-martin_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, Michael. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521842700">The Cambridge Companion to Atheism</a></i>. Cambridge University Press. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521842700" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-84270-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cline, Austin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/654hWOgWC?url=http://atheism.about.com/od/definitionofatheism/a/definition.htm">"What Is the Definition of Atheism?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">about.com</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheism.about.com/od/definitionofatheism/a/definition.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+the+Definition+of+Atheism%3F&rft.pub=about.com&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Austin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatheism.about.com%2Fod%2Fdefinitionofatheism%2Fa%2Fdefinition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Flew" title="Antony Flew">Flew, Antony</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godfreedomimmort0000flew"><i>God, Freedom, and Immortality: A Critical Analysis</i></a>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87975-127-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87975-127-4">0-87975-127-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%2C+Freedom%2C+and+Immortality%3A+A+Critical+Analysis&rft.pub=Buffalo%2C+NY%3A+Prometheus&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-87975-127-4&rft.aulast=Flew&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodfreedomimmort0000flew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb911-atheism-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eb911-atheism_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Atheism">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Atheism<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. 1911<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=%22Atheism%22&rft.date=1911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1911encyclopedia.org%2FAtheism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmartin-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mmartin_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, Michael. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521842700">The Cambridge Companion to Atheism</a></i>. Cambridge University Press. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521842700" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-84270-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica1992-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica1992_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Britannica (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-38265/atheism">"Atheism as rejection of religious beliefs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (edisi ke-15th Edition). <b>1</b>: 666. 0852294735<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Atheism+as+rejection+of+religious+beliefs&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=666&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-38265%2Fatheism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron d'Holbach">d'Holbach, P. H. T.</a> (1772). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/7319"><i>Good Sense</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 27-10-2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Sense&rft.date=1772&rft.aulast=d%27Holbach&rft.aufirst=P.+H.+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fetext%2F7319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1979">Smith 1979</a>, hlm. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Cudworth" title="Ralph Cudworth">Cudworth, Ralph</a> (1678). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HKbl4NOjBr8C"><i>The True Intellectual System of the Universe: the first part, wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted and its impossibility demonstrated</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+True+Intellectual+System+of+the+Universe%3A+the+first+part%2C+wherein+all+the+reason+and+philosophy+of+atheism+is+confuted+and+its+impossibility+demonstrated&rft.date=1678&rft.aulast=Cudworth&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_HKbl4NOjBr8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat: <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515175331/http://www.lds-mormon.com/atheist.shtml">"Atheists call for church head to retract slur"</a>. 1996-09-03. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lds-mormon.com/atheist.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atheists+call+for+church+head+to+retract+slur&rft.date=1996-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lds-mormon.com%2Fatheist.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lowder, Jeffery Jay (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/jeff_lowder/society.html">"Atheism and Society"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 10-01-2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atheism+and+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Lowder&rft.aufirst=Jeffery+Jay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infidels.org%2Flibrary%2Fmodern%2Fjeff_lowder%2Fsociety.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-presumption-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-presumption_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presumption_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flew, Antony. "The Presumption of Atheism". <i>The Presumption of Atheism and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality</i>. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1976. pp 14ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoweRoutledge-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RoweRoutledge_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe, William L. "Atheism". <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Edward Craig (editor). Routledge: Juni 1998. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0415187060" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-18706-0</a>. 530-534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cline, Austin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205025348/http://atheism.about.com/od/atheismquestions/a/strong_weak.htm">"Strong Atheism vs. Weak Atheism: What's the Difference?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">about.com</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheism.about.com/od/atheismquestions/a/strong_weak.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strong+Atheism+vs.+Weak+Atheism%3A+What%27s+the+Difference%3F&rft.pub=about.com&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Austin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatheism.about.com%2Fod%2Fatheismquestions%2Fa%2Fstrong_weak.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Maritain, Jacques (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/jm3303.htm">"On the Meaning of Contemporary Atheism"</a>. <i>The Review of Politics</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 267–280.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=On+the+Meaning+of+Contemporary+Atheism&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=267-280&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Maritain&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd.edu%2FDepartments%2FMaritain%2Fjm3303.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Kenny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Kenny (halaman belum tersedia)">Kenny, Anthony</a> (2006). "Why I Am Not an Atheist". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatibelieve0000kenn"><i>What I believe</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8264-8971-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8264-8971-0">0-8264-8971-0</a>. <q>The true default position is neither theism nor atheism, but agnosticism … a claim to knowledge needs to be substantiated; ignorance need only be confessed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Why+I+Am+Not+an+Atheist&rft.btitle=What+I+believe&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-8971-0&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatibelieve0000kenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaggini2003">Baggini 2003</a>, hlm. 30–34. "Who seriously claims we should say 'I neither believe nor disbelieve that the Pope is a robot', or 'As to whether or not eating this piece of chocolate will turn me into an elephant I am completely agnostic'. In the absence of any good reasons to believe these outlandish claims, we rightly disbelieve them, we don't just suspend judgement."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaggini2003">Baggini 2003</a>, hlm. 22. "A lack of proof is no grounds for the suspension of belief. This is because when we have a lack of absolute proof we can still have overwhelming evidence or one explanation which is far superior to the alternatives."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanford-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stanford_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Smart, J.C.C. (2004-03-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism/">"Atheism and Agnosticism"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atheism+and+Agnosticism&rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2004-03-09&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=J.C.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fatheism-agnosticism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cudworth, Ralph. The true intellectual system of the universe. 1678. Dawkins, Richard. The God Delusion. Bantam Books: 2006, hal. 50. (<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0618680004" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-618-68000-4</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terjemahan dari teks berbahasa Latin dari "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/french/emblem.php?id=FANa100">Summa impietas</a>" (1552), <i>Picta poesis</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_Aneau" title="Barthélémy Aneau">Barthélémy Aneau</a>. Glasgow University Emblem Website. Diakses pada <a href="/wiki/26_Maret" title="26 Maret">26 Maret</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zdybicka-p20-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zdybicka-p20_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zdybicka-p20_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zdybicka-p20_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZdybicka2005">Zdybicka 2005</a>, hlm. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neps-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neps_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schafersman, Steven D. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freeinquiry.com/naturalism.html">Naturalism is an Essential Part of Science and Critical Inquiry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125032848/http://www.freeinquiry.com/naturalism.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2021-01-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.". Conference on Naturalism, Theism and the Scientific Enterprise. Department of Philosophy, The University of Texas. February 1997. Revised May 2007. Diakses pada <a href="/wiki/9_April" title="9 April">9 April</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZdybicka2005">Zdybicka 2005</a>, hlm. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZdybicka2005">Zdybicka 2005</a>, hlm. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Hume. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4583"><i>Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion</i></a>. Project Gutenberg (e-text).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialogues+Concerning+Natural+Religion&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg+%28e-text%29&rft.au=David+Hume&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fetext%2F4583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feuerbach, Ludwig (1841) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Essence_of_Christianity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Essence of Christianity (halaman belum tersedia)">The Essence of Christianity</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walpola Rahula, <i>What the Buddha Taught.</i> Grove Press, 1974. Halaman 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Bakunin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Bakunin (halaman belum tersedia)">Bakunin, Michael</a> (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bakunin/godandstate/godandstate_ch1.html">"God and the State"</a>. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=God+and+the+State&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Mother+Earth+Publishing+Association&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Bakunin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwardmac.pitzer.edu%2Fanarchist_archives%2Fbakunin%2Fgodandstate%2Fgodandstate_ch1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various authors. "Logical Arguments for Atheism". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Infidels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet Infidels (halaman belum tersedia)">Internet Infidels</a>, <i>The Secular Web Library</i>. Diakses pada <a href="/wiki/9_April" title="9 April">9 April</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Drange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Drange (halaman belum tersedia)">Drange, Theodore M.</a> (1996). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/theodore_drange/aeanb.html">The Arguments From Evil and Nonbelief</a>". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Infidels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet Infidels (halaman belum tersedia)">Internet Infidels</a>, <i>Secular Web Library</i>. Diakses pada <a href="/wiki/18_April" title="18 April">18 April</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V.A. Gunasekara, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhistinformation.com/buddhist_attitude_to_god.htm">"The Buddhist Attitude to God"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102053643/http://www.buddhistinformation.com/buddhist_attitude_to_god.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+Attitude+to+God.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhistinformation.com%2Fbuddhist_attitude_to_god.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> In the Bhuridatta Jataka, "The Buddha argues that the three most commonly given attributes of God, viz. omnipotence, omniscience and benevolence towards humanity cannot all be mutually compatible with the existential fact of dukkha."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-misconceptions-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-misconceptions_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gleeson, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=12346">"Common Misconceptions About Atheists and Atheism"</a>. <i>American Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121204192151/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/12346">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Misconceptions+About+Atheists+and+Atheism&rft.pub=%27%27American+Chronicle%27%27&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Gleeson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanchronicle.com%2Farticles%2FviewArticle.asp%3FarticleID%3D12346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1979">Smith 1979</a>, hlm. 275. "Perhaps the most common criticism of atheism is the claim that it leads inevitably to moral bankruptcy."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal, Blaise</a> (1669). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pens%C3%A9es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pensées (halaman belum tersedia)">Pensées</a></i>, II: "The Misery of Man Without God".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/~honkawa/9460.html">Dentsu Institute (2006)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822041707/http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html">"Zuckerman (2005)"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zuckerman+%282005%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Flargecom%2Fcom_atheist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615140203/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Nonreligious">"Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents, Section on accuracy of non-Religious Demographic Data"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Nonreligious">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Religions+of+the+World+Ranked+by+Number+of+Adherents%2C+Section+on+accuracy+of+non-Religious+Demographic+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2FReligions_By_Adherents.html%23Nonreligious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723125147/http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1131">"Religious Views and Beliefs Vary Greatly by Country, According to the Latest Financial Times/Harris Poll"</a>. Financial Times/Harris Interactive. 2006-12-20. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1131">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Views+and+Beliefs+Vary+Greatly+by+Country%2C+According+to+the+Latest+Financial+Times%2FHarris+Poll&rft.pub=Financial+Times%2FHarris+Interactive&rft.date=2006-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harrisinteractive.com%2Fnews%2Fallnewsbydate.asp%3FNewsID%3D1131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf"><i>Social values, Science and Technology</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Directorate General Research, European Union. 2005. hlm. hal. 7–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+values%2C+Science+and+Technology&rft.pages=hal.+7-11&rft.pub=Directorate+General+Research%2C+European+Union&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_225_report_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Larson, Edward J. (1998). "Correspondence: Leading scientists still reject God". <i>Nature</i>. <b>394</b> (6691): 313. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F28478">10.1038/28478</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Correspondence%3A+Leading+scientists+still+reject+God&rft.volume=394&rft.issue=6691&rft.pages=313&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F28478&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/news/file002.html">StephenJayGould.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301051125/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/news/file002.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-03-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Stephen Jay Gould archive. Diakses pada <a href="/wiki/17_Desember" title="17 Desember">17 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Shermer, Michael</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwebelievesear00sher"><i>How We Believe: Science, Skepticism, and the Search for God</i></a>. New York: William H Freeman. hlm. pp76–79. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/071673561X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7167-3561-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Believe%3A+Science%2C+Skepticism%2C+and+the+Search+for+God&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=pp76-79&rft.pub=William+H+Freeman&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Shermer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwebelievesear00sher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menurut Dawkins (2006), hal. 103. Dawkins mengutip pernyataan Bell, Paul. "Would you believe it?" <i>Mensa Magazine</i>, UK Edition, Feb. 2002, hal. 12–13. Analyzing 43 studies carried out since 1927, Bell found that all but four reported such a connection, and he concluded that "the higher one's intelligence or education level, the less one is likely to be religious or hold 'beliefs' of any kind."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Argyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Argyle (halaman belum tersedia)">Argyle, Michael</a> (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousbehavio0000argy"><i>Religious Behaviour</i></a>. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. hlm. pp 93–96. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-17589-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-17589-5">0-415-17589-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Behaviour&rft.place=London&rft.pages=pp+93-96&rft.pub=Routledge+and+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=0-415-17589-5&rft.aulast=Argyle&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousbehavio0000argy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/TopicList?prenavtabname=Topic%20List&collection=Census&period=2006&breadcrumb=T&&navmapdisplayed=true&textversion=false&">Census Table 20680-Religious Affiliation (broad groups) by Sex - Australia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics New Zealand, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para012Master">QuickStats About Culture and Identity, Religious affiliation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090611115200/http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para012Master">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-06-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winston2-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-winston2_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Winston, Robert (Ed.) (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/human0000unse_n1j1"><i>Human</i></a>. New York: DK Publishing, Inc. hlm. hal. 299. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7566-1901-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7566-1901-7">0-7566-1901-7</a>. <q>Nonbelief has existed for centuries. For example, Buddhism and Jainism have been called atheistic religions because they do not advocate belief in gods.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human&rft.pages=hal.+299&rft.pub=New+York%3A+DK+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7566-1901-7&rft.aulast=Winston&rft.aufirst=Robert+%28Ed.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhuman0000unse_n1j1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/subdivisions/humanistic.shtml">"Humanistic Judaism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2006-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Humanistic+Judaism&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2006-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fjudaism%2Fsubdivisions%2Fhumanistic.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Levin, S. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_new-humanist_1995-05_110_2/page/13">"Jewish Atheism"</a>. <i>New Humanist</i>. <b>110</b> (2): 13–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Humanist&rft.atitle=Jewish+Atheism&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=13-15&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_new-humanist_1995-05_110_2%2Fpage%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/types/christianatheism.shtml">"Christian Atheism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2006-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Atheism&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fatheism%2Ftypes%2Fchristianatheism.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_J._J._Altizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas J. J. Altizer (halaman belum tersedia)">Altizer, Thomas J. J.</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929171840/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=523"><i>The Gospel of Christian Atheism</i></a>. London: Collins. hlm. 102–103. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=523">versi asli</a> tanggal 2006-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Christian+Atheism&rft.pages=102-103&rft.pub=London%3A+Collins&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Altizer&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religion-online.org%2Fshowbook.asp%3Ftitle%3D523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lyas, Colin (1970). "On the Coherence of Christian Atheism". <i>Philosophy: the Journal of the Royal Institute of Philosophy</i>. <b>45</b> (171): 1–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy%3A+the+Journal+of+the+Royal+Institute+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=On+the+Coherence+of+Christian+Atheism&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=171&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Lyas&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1979">Smith 1979</a>, hlm. 21-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1979">Smith 1979</a>, hlm. 275. "Among the many myths associated with religion, none is more widespread -or more disastrous in its effects -than the myth that moral values cannot be divorced from the belief in a god."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dostoevsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dostoevsky (halaman belum tersedia)">Dostoevsky</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Brothers_Karamazov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Brothers Karamazov (halaman belum tersedia)">The Brothers Karamazov</a></i> (Book Eleven: <i>Brother Ivan Fyodorovich</i>, Chapter 4) there is the famous argument that <i>If there is no God, all things are permitted.</i>: "'But what will become of men then?' I asked him, 'without God and immortal life? All things are lawful then, they can do what they like?'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kant_CPR_A811-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kant_CPR_A811_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For <a href="/wiki/Kant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kant">Kant</a>, the presupposition of God, soul, and freedom was a practical concern, for "Morality, by itself, constitutes a system, but happiness does not, unless it is distributed in exact proportion to morality. This, however, is possible in an intelligible world only under a wise author and ruler. Reason compels us to admit such a ruler, together with life in such a world, which we must consider as future life, or else all moral laws are to be considered as idle dreams..." (<i>Critique of Pure Reason</i>, A811).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaggini2003">Baggini 2003</a>, hlm. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation audio-visual"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Neiman" title="Susan Neiman">Susan Neiman</a> (November 6, 2006). <i>Beyond Belief Session 6</i> (Conference). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salk_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salk Institute (halaman belum tersedia)">Salk Institute</a>, La Jolla, CA: The Science Network.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beyond+Belief+Session+6&rft.place=Salk+Institute%2C+La+Jolla%2C+CA&rft.pub=The+Science+Network&rft.date=2006-11-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaggini2003">Baggini 2003</a>, hlm. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaggini2003">Baggini 2003</a>, hlm. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">101 Ethical Dilemmas, 2nd edition, by Cohen, M., Routledge 2007, pp184-5. (Cohen notes particularly that Plato and Aristotle produced arguments in favour of slavery.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Political Philosophy from Plato to Mao, by Cohen, M, Second edition 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Harris_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Harris (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Harris, Sam</a> (2006a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927095359/http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=sharris_26_3">"The Myth of Secular Moral Chaos"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Inquiry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Inquiry (halaman belum tersedia)">Free Inquiry</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=sharris_26_3">versi asli</a> tanggal 2006-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Secular+Moral+Chaos&rft.pub=Free+Inquiry&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secularhumanism.org%2Findex.php%3Fsection%3Dlibrary%26page%3Dsharris_26_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moreira-almeida2006-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moreira-almeida2006_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Moreira-almeida, A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-44462006000300018&script=sci_arttext">"Religiousness and mental health: a review"</a>. <i>Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria</i>. <b>28</b>: 242–250<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Psiquiatria&rft.atitle=Religiousness+and+mental+health%3A+a+review&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=242-250&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Moreira-almeida%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fscielo.php%3Fpid%3DS1516-44462006000300018%26script%3Dsci_arttext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example: Kahoe, R.D. (June 1977). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8294(197706)16%3A2%3C179%3AIRAAAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X">Intrinsic Religion and Authoritarianism: A Differentiated Relationship</a>". <i>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion</i>. <b>16</b>(2). hal. 179-182. Also see: Altemeyer, Bob and Bruce Hunsberger (1992). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0202_5?journalCode=ijpr">Authoritarianism, Religious Fundamentalism, Quest, and Prejudice</a>". <i>International Journal for the Psychology of Religion</i>. <b>2</b>(2). hal. 113-133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris_(penulis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Harris (penulis)">Harris, Sam</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516191405/http://www.truthdig.com/dig/print/200512_an_atheist_manifesto">"An Atheist Manifesto"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truthdig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truthdig (halaman belum tersedia)">Truthdig</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truthdig.com/dig/print/200512_an_atheist_manifesto">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-10-29</span></span>. <q>In a world riven by ignorance, only the atheist refuses to deny the obvious: Religious faith promotes human violence to an astonishing degree.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Atheist+Manifesto&rft.pub=Truthdig&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.truthdig.com%2Fdig%2Fprint%2F200512_an_atheist_manifesto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber">Sumber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong1999" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Armstrong, Karen</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofgod00unse"><i>A History of God</i></a>. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-09927367-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-09927367-5">0-09927367-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+God&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-09927367-5&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofgod00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBaggini2003" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Baggini" title="Julian Baggini">Baggini, Julian</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atheismveryshort0000bagg"><i>Atheism: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19280424-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19280424-3">0-19280424-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19280424-3&rft.aulast=Baggini&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatheismveryshort0000bagg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBarker2008" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Barker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Barker (halaman belum tersedia)">Barker, Dan</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godlesshowevange0000bark"><i>Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists</i></a>. New York: Ulysses Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-569-75677-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-569-75677-5">978-1-569-75677-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL24313839M">24313839M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Godless%3A+How+an+Evangelical+Preacher+Became+One+of+America%27s+Leading+Atheists&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ulysses+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-569-75677-5&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodlesshowevange0000bark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBradlaughBesantBradlaughMoss1884" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bradlaugh" title="Charles Bradlaugh">Bradlaugh, Charles</a>; Besant, Annie; Bradlaugh, Alice; Moss, A. B.; Cattell, C. C.; Standring, G.; Aveling, E. (1884). <i>The Atheistic Platform</i>. London: Freethought Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atheistic+Platform&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Freethought+Publishing&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Bradlaugh&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Besant%2C+Annie&rft.au=Bradlaugh%2C+Alice&rft.au=Moss%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Cattell%2C+C.+C.&rft.au=Standring%2C+G.&rft.au=Aveling%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDawkins2006" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Dawkins, Richard</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yq1xDpicghkC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20God%20Delusion&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>The God Delusion</i></a>. Bantam Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-59305548-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-59305548-9">0-59305548-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+God+Delusion&rft.pub=Bantam+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-59305548-9&rft.aulast=Dawkins&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyq1xDpicghkC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DThe%2520God%2520Delusion%26pg%3DPP1%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2005" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Edwards_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Edwards (philosopher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Edwards, Paul</a> (2005) [1967]. "Atheism". Dalam Donald M. Borchert. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">The Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>. Vol. 1 (edisi ke-2nd). MacMillan Reference USA (Gale). hlm. 359. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-028-65780-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-028-65780-6">978-0-028-65780-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pages=359&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan+Reference+USA+%28Gale%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-028-65780-6&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFlew1976" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Flew" title="Antony Flew">Flew, Antony</a> (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presumptionofath0000flew_e4d9"><i>The Presumption of Atheism, and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality</i></a>. New York: Barnes and Noble.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presumption+of+Atheism%2C+and+other+Philosophical+Essays+on+God%2C+Freedom%2C+and+Immortality&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+and+Noble&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Flew&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresumptionofath0000flew_e4d9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFlint1903" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Flint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Flint (halaman belum tersedia)">Flint, Robert</a> (1903). <i>Agnosticism: The Croall Lecture for 1887–88</i>. William Blackwood and Sons. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL7193167M">7193167M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agnosticism%3A+The+Croall+Lecture+for+1887%E2%80%9388&rft.pub=William+Blackwood+and+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFlynn2007" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Flynn_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Flynn (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Flynn, Tom</a>, ed. (25 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YR4RAQAAIAAJ">"The new encyclopedia of unbelief"</a>. <i>The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief</i>. Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-591-02391-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-591-02391-3">978-1-591-02391-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL8851140M">8851140M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+new+encyclopedia+of+unbelief&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Unbelief&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-591-02391-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYR4RAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarris2005" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Harris_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Harris (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Harris, Sam</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endoffaithreligi00harr"><i>The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Faith%3A+Religion%2C+Terror%2C+and+the+Future+of+Reason&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fendoffaithreligi00harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Harris_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Harris (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Harris, Sam</a> (19 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RlZATs3xD0gC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1"><i>Letter to a Christian Nation</i></a>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-307-27877-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-307-27877-7">978-0-307-27877-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL25353925M">25353925M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letter+to+a+Christian+Nation&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2006-09-19&rft.isbn=978-0-307-27877-7&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRlZATs3xD0gC%26lpg%3DPP1%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006a" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Harris_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Harris (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Harris, Sam</a> (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/articles/2863">"The Myth of Secular Moral Chaos"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Inquiry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Inquiry (halaman belum tersedia)">Free Inquiry</a></i>. <b>26</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0272-0701">0272-0701</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Inquiry&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Secular+Moral+Chaos&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2006-04&rft.issn=0272-0701&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.secularhumanism.org%2Findex.php%2Farticles%2F2863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/the-myth-of-secular-moral-chaos">alternate URL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224084447/http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/the-myth-of-secular-moral-chaos/">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-02-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHitchens2007" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Hitchens, Christopher</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sGgoYfGyqSMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1"><i>god Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-771-04143-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-771-04143-3">978-0-771-04143-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=god+Is+Not+Great%3A+How+Religion+Poisons+Everything&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-771-04143-3&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsGgoYfGyqSMC%26lpg%3DPP1%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHume1779" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume, David</a> (1779). <i><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Dialogues_Concerning_Natural_Religion" class="extiw" title="s:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion">Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion</a></i>. London. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL7145748M">7145748M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialogues+Concerning+Natural+Religion&rft.place=London&rft.date=1779&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHume1748" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume, David</a> (1748). <i><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Enquiry_Concerning_Human_Understanding" class="extiw" title="s:An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding">An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding</a></i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enquiry+Concerning+Human+Understanding&rft.place=London&rft.date=1748&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLandsberg2010" class="citation news">Landsberg, Mitchell (28 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/28/nation/la-na-religion-survey-20100928">"Atheists, agnostics most knowledgeable about religion, survey says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180716/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/28/nation/la-na-religion-survey-20100928">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Atheists%2C+agnostics+most+knowledgeable+about+religion%2C+survey+says&rft.date=2010-09-28&rft.aulast=Landsberg&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2010%2Fsep%2F28%2Fnation%2Fla-na-religion-survey-20100928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMartin1990" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Martin_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Martin (philosopher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Martin, Michael</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>Atheism: A Philosophical Justification</i></a>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-877-22642-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-877-22642-0">978-0-877-22642-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL8110936M">8110936M</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519174319/https://books.google.com/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&pg=PP1">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism%3A+A+Philosophical+Justification&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-877-22642-0&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNZqCoor4eoC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DAtheism%253A%2520A%2520Philosophical%2520Justification%26pg%3DPP1%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMartin2006" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Martin_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Martin (philosopher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Martin, Michael</a>, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Atheism</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-52184270-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-52184270-0">0-52184270-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL22379448M">22379448M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Atheism&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-52184270-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtAeFipOVx4MC%26pg%3DPA8%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNielsen2013" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai_Nielsen_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai Nielsen (philosopher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Nielsen, Kai</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40634/atheism">"Atheism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F40634%2Fatheism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRowe1998" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Rowe" title="William L. Rowe">Rowe, William L.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=lnuwFH_M5o0C&pg=PA530">"Atheism"</a>. Dalam Edward Craig. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-07310-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-07310-3">978-0-415-07310-3</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-07310-3&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DlnuwFH_M5o0C%26pg%3DPA530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRussell1957" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell, Bertrand</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyiamnotchristi1649russ"><i>Why I am not a Christian, and other essays on religion and related subjects</i></a>. Simon and Schuster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+I+am+not+a+Christian%2C+and+other+essays+on+religion+and+related+subjects&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhyiamnotchristi1649russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSartre2001" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre, Jean-Paul</a> (2001) [1946]. "Existentialism and Humanism". Dalam Priest, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jeanpaulsartreba00sart"><i>Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writings</i></a>. London: Routledge. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jeanpaulsartreba00sart/page/45">45</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-41521367-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-41521367-3">0-41521367-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Existentialism+and+Humanism&rft.btitle=Jean-Paul+Sartre%3A+Basic+Writings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-41521367-3&rft.aulast=Sartre&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjeanpaulsartreba00sart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSartre2004" class="citation book">Sartre, Jean-Paul (2004) [1946]. "An existentialist ethics". Dalam Gensler, Harry J.; Spurgin, Earl W.; Swindal, James C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethicscontempora00gens_352"><i>Ethics: Contemporary Readings</i></a>. London: Routledge. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethicscontempora00gens_352/page/127">127</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-41525680-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-41525680-1">0-41525680-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+existentialist+ethics&rft.btitle=Ethics%3A+Contemporary+Readings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-41525680-1&rft.aulast=Sartre&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethicscontempora00gens_352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSmith1979" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Smith" title="George H. Smith">Smith, George H.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atheismcaseagain0000smit_c3p0"><i>Atheism: The Case Against God</i></a>. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87975124-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87975124-X">0-87975124-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/79002726">79002726</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL4401616M">4401616M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism%3A+The+Case+Against+God&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F79002726&rft.isbn=0-87975124-X&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatheismcaseagain0000smit_c3p0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStenger2007" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_J._Stenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor J. Stenger (halaman belum tersedia)">Stenger, Victor J.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godfailedhypothe0000sten"><i>God: The Failed Hypothesis—How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist</i></a>. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-591-02652-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-591-02652-5">978-1-591-02652-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%3A+The+Failed+Hypothesis%E2%80%94How+Science+Shows+That+God+Does+Not+Exist&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-591-02652-5&rft.aulast=Stenger&rft.aufirst=Victor+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodfailedhypothe0000sten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStenger2009" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_J._Stenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor J. Stenger (halaman belum tersedia)">Stenger, Victor J.</a> (22 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011014538/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html"><i>The New Atheism: Taking a Stand for Science and Reason</i></a>. Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-59102751-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-59102751-9">1-59102751-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Atheism%3A+Taking+a+Stand+for+Science+and+Reason&rft.pub=Prometheus&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.isbn=1-59102751-9&rft.aulast=Stenger&rft.aufirst=Victor+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.edu%2Fphilosophy%2Fvstenger%2Fbattle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZdybicka2005" class="citation book">Zdybicka, Zofia J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptta.pl/pef/haslaen/a/atheism.pdf">"Atheism"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Dalam Maryniarczyk, Andrzej. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptta.pl/pef"><i>Universal Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i></a>. <b>1</b>. Polish Thomas Aquinas Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism&rft.btitle=Universal+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Polish+Thomas+Aquinas+Association&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Zdybicka&rft.aufirst=Zofia+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptta.pl%2Fpef%2Fhaslaen%2Fa%2Fatheism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Berman, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Li4OAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20History%20of%20Atheism%20in%20Britain%3A%20From%20Hobbes%20to%20Russell&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>A History of Atheism in Britain: From Hobbes to Russell</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-41504727-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-41504727-7">0-41504727-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Atheism+in+Britain%3A+From+Hobbes+to+Russell&rft.pub=London%3A+Routledge&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-41504727-7&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLi4OAAAAQAAJ%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DA%2520History%2520of%2520Atheism%2520in%2520Britain%253A%2520From%2520Hobbes%2520to%2520Russell%26pg%3DPP1%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bradlaugh" title="Charles Bradlaugh">Bradlaugh, Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a> and others. (1884) <i>The Atheistic Platform: 12 Lectures</i>. London: Freethought Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jh8HAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover">[1]</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Buckley, M. J. (1990). <i>At the Origins of Modern Atheism</i>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-30004897-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-30004897-1">0-30004897-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+the+Origins+of+Modern+Atheism&rft.pub=New+Haven%2C+CT%3A+Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-30004897-1&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bullivant, Stephen and Michael Ruse, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jbIVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Atheism</i></a>. Oxford UP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Atheism&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bullivant&rft.aufirst=Stephen+and+Michael+Ruse%2C+eds.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjbIVAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Flew" title="Antony Flew">Flew, Antony</a> (2005). <i>God and Philosophy</i>. Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-59102330-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-59102330-0">1-59102330-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+and+Philosophy&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59102330-0&rft.aulast=Flew&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tom Flynn, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781591023913"><i>The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief</i></a>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-59102391-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-59102391-2">1-59102391-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Unbelief&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-59102391-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781591023913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gaskin, J.C.A., ed. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780023406812"><i>Varieties of Unbelief: From Epicurus to Sartre</i></a>. •New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-02340681-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-02340681-X">0-02340681-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Varieties+of+Unbelief%3A+From+Epicurus+to+Sartre&rft.pub=%E2%80%A2New+York%3A+Macmillan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-02340681-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780023406812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Germani, Alan (15 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-fall/mystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp">"The Mystical Ethics of the New Atheists"</a>. <i>The Objective Standard</i>. Glen Allen Press. <b>3</b> (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428193621/http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-fall/mystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Objective+Standard&rft.atitle=The+Mystical+Ethics+of+the+New+Atheists&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2008-09-15&rft.aulast=Germani&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theobjectivestandard.com%2Fissues%2F2008-fall%2Fmystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Harbour, Daniel (2003). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Intelligent_Person%27s_Guide_to_Atheism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism (halaman belum tersedia)">An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism</a></i>. London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-71563229-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-71563229-9">0-71563229-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Intelligent+Person%27s+Guide+to+Atheism&rft.pub=London%3A+Duckworth&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-71563229-9&rft.aulast=Harbour&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news">Harris, Sam (2 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/sam_harris/2007/10/the_problem_with_atheism.html">"The Problem with Atheism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524071308/http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/sam_harris/2007/10/the_problem_with_atheism.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Problem+with+Atheism&rft.date=2007-10-02&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsweek.washingtonpost.com%2Fonfaith%2Fpanelists%2Fsam_harris%2F2007%2F10%2Fthe_problem_with_atheism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Howson, Colin (2011). <i>Objecting to God.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-18665-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-18665-0">978-0-521-18665-0</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Jacoby" title="Susan Jacoby">Jacoby, Susan</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freethinkershist0000jaco"><i>Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism</i></a>. Metropolitan Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-805-07442-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-805-07442-0">978-0-805-07442-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freethinkers%3A+A+History+of+American+Secularism&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-805-07442-0&rft.aulast=Jacoby&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreethinkershist0000jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Krueger, D. E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatisatheismsho0000krue"><i>What is Atheism?: A Short Introduction</i></a>. New York: Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-57392214-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-57392214-5">1-57392214-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Atheism%3F%3A+A+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Prometheus&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-57392214-5&rft.aulast=Krueger&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatisatheismsho0000krue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Ledrew, S. (2012). "The evolution of atheism: Scientific and humanistic approaches". <i>History of the Human Sciences</i>. <b>25</b> (3): 70. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0952695112441301">10.1177/0952695112441301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+the+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+atheism%3A+Scientific+and+humanistic+approaches&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=70&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0952695112441301&rft.aulast=Ledrew&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Le Poidevin, R. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M4YlYZi_cMUC&printsec=frontcover"><i>Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-41509338-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-41509338-4">0-41509338-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arguing+for+Atheism%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Philosophy+of+Religion&rft.pub=London%3A+Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-41509338-4&rft.aulast=Le+Poidevin&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM4YlYZi_cMUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._L._Mackie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. L. Mackie (halaman belum tersedia)">Mackie, J. L.</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/miracleoftheisma0000mack"><i>The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19824682-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19824682-X">0-19824682-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Miracle+of+Theism%3A+Arguments+For+and+Against+the+Existence+of+God&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-19824682-X&rft.aulast=Mackie&rft.aufirst=J.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmiracleoftheisma0000mack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Maritain, Jacques (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407012751/http://www3.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/range.htm"><i>The Range of Reason</i></a>. London: Geoffrey Bles. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/range.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Range+of+Reason&rft.pub=London%3A+Geoffrey+Bles&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Maritain&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd.edu%2FDepartments%2FMaritain%2Fetext%2Frange.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Martin_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Martin (philosopher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Martin, Michael</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&printsec=frontcover"><i>Atheism. A Philosophical Justification</i></a>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87722943-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87722943-0">0-87722943-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism.+A+Philosophical+Justification&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87722943-0&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNZqCoor4eoC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Michael Martin & Ricki Monnier, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/impossibilityofg0000unse"><i>The Impossibility of God</i></a>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-59102120-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-59102120-0">1-59102120-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impossibility+of+God&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-59102120-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimpossibilityofg0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Michael Martin & Ricki Monnier, ed. 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New York: Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87975289-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87975289-0">0-87975289-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+and+Atheism&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Prometheus&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87975289-0&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilosophyatheis0000niel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Nielsen, Kai (2001). <i>Naturalism and Religion</i>. New York: Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-57392853-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-57392853-4">1-57392853-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naturalism+and+Religion&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Prometheus&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-57392853-4&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Kai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Onfray, Michel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QpEAYMo7pFkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheist%20Manifesto&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>Atheist Manifesto</i></a>. New York: Arcade Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-559-70820-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-559-70820-3">978-1-559-70820-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030191621/https://books.google.com/books?id=QpEAYMo7pFkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheist%20Manifesto&pg=PP1">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheist+Manifesto&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-559-70820-3&rft.aulast=Onfray&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQpEAYMo7pFkC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DAtheist%2520Manifesto%26pg%3DPP1%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graham_Oppy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graham Oppy (halaman belum tersedia)">Oppy, Graham</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DlVtfUxPD14C&printsec=frontcover"><i>Arguing about Gods</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-52186386-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-52186386-4">0-52186386-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arguing+about+Gods&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-52186386-4&rft.aulast=Oppy&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDlVtfUxPD14C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Rafford, R. L. 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Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19824191-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19824191-7">0-19824191-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/athval0.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Atheist%27s+Values&rft.pub=Oxford%3A+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0-19824191-7&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.positiveatheism.org%2Fhist%2Fathval0.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Rosenberg, Alex (2011). <i>The Atheist's Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life Without Illusions.</i> New York: W. W. Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-393-08023-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-393-08023-0">978-0-393-08023-0</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Russell, Paul (11 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/">"Hume on Religion"</a>. Dalam Edward N. Zalta. <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (edisi ke-2013). Metaphysics Research Lab<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2013-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hume+on+Religion&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=2013&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fhume-religion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sharpe, R.A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moralcaseagainst0000shar"><i>The Moral Case Against Religious Belief</i></a>. London: SCM Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-33402680-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-33402680-6">0-33402680-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Moral+Case+Against+Religious+Belief&rft.pub=London%3A+SCM+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-33402680-6&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoralcaseagainst0000shar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Shermer, Michael</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwebelievesear00sher"><i>How We Believe: Science, Skepticism, and the Search for God</i></a>. New York: William H Freeman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-71673561-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-71673561-X">0-71673561-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Believe%3A+Science%2C+Skepticism%2C+and+the+Search+for+God&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+H+Freeman&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-71673561-X&rft.aulast=Shermer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwebelievesear00sher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Thrower, James (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryofw0000unse"><i>A Short History of Western Atheism</i></a>. London: Pemberton. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-30171101-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-30171101-1">0-30171101-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Western+Atheism&rft.pub=London%3A+Pemberton&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-30171101-1&rft.aulast=Thrower&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fashorthistoryofw0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Walters, Kerry (2010). <i>Atheism: A Guide for the Perplexed.</i> New York: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8264-2493-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8264-2493-8">978-0-8264-2493-8</a></li> <li>Whitmarsh, Tim. (2015), <i>Battling the Gods: Atheism in the Ancient World</i></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zuckerman, Phil (2010). <i>Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us About Contentment</i>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-81479723-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-81479723-7">0-81479723-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+without+God%3A+What+the+Least+Religious+Nations+Can+Tell+Us+About+Contentment&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0-81479723-7&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zuckerman, Phil, ed. (2010). <i>Atheism and secularity</i>. Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.]: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-313-35183-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-313-35183-9">978-0-313-35183-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism+and+secularity&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35183-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAteisme" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar" style="width:auto;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Sumber pustaka</a> mengenai <br /> <b>Ateisme</b> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/ftl?st=wp&su=Ateisme">Sumber di perpustakaan Anda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/ftl?st=wp&su=Ateisme&library=0CHOOSE0">Sumber di perpustakaan lain</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philpapers.org/browse/atheism">Ateisme</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PhilPapers (halaman belum tersedia)">PhilPapers</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inpho.cogs.indiana.edu/idea/1006">Ateisme</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Philosophy_Ontology_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project (halaman belum tersedia)">Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Entri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/{{{1}}}">Atheism and Agnosticism</a> di <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/atheism">Ateisme</a> catatan di <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/n-atheis">The New Atheists in <i>The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Atheism/">Atheism</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>) – Includes links to organizations and websites.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/">Religion & Ethics—Atheism</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bbc.co.uk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bbc.co.uk (halaman belum tersedia)">bbc.co.uk</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/">Secular Web library</a> – Library of both historical and modern writings, a comprehensive online resource for freely available material on atheism.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agreeley.com/articles/hardcore.html">The Demand for Religion</a> – A study on the demographics of Atheism by Wolfgang Jagodzinski (University of Cologne) and Andrew Greeley (University of Chicago and University of Arizona).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Tanpa_agama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tanpa agama (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tanpa_agama&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanpa_agama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tanpa_agama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanpa agama">Tanpa agama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D2B48C;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ateisme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ateis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ateis (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar ateis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Demografi_ateisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Demografi ateisme">Demografi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme_dan_agama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateisme dan agama (halaman belum tersedia)">Agama</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ateisme" title="Sejarah ateisme">Sejarah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Ateisme_negara" title="Ateisme negara">Ateisme negara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_ateisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap ateisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasi_terhadap_ateis" title="Diskriminasi terhadap ateis">Diskriminasi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme_lemah_dan_kuat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateisme lemah dan kuat (halaman belum tersedia)">Lemah dan kuat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme_agnostik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateisme agnostik (halaman belum tersedia)">Ateisme agnostik</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateisme_implisit_dan_eksplisit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateisme implisit dan eksplisit (halaman belum tersedia)">Implisit dan eksplisit</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Antiteisme" title="Antiteisme">Antiteisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Antiagama" title="Antiagama">Antiagama</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliansi_Ateis_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliansi Ateis Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Aliansi Ateis Internasional</a> </span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ludwig Feuerbach"><img alt="Ludwig Feuerbach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg/100px-Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg/150px-Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg/200px-Feuerbach_Ludwig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="656" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Andreas_Feuerbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach">Ludwig 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title="Mistisisme">Mistisisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama-agama_Naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama-agama Naturalisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Naturalisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nondualisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nondualisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Nondualisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Pandeisme" title="Pandeisme">Pandeisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Panteisme" title="Panteisme">Panteisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Politeisme" title="Politeisme">Politeisme</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teologi_Proses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teologi Proses (halaman belum tersedia)">Teologi Proses</a> <b>·</b></span> <span 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href="/wiki/Filsafat_sejarah" title="Filsafat sejarah">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi_filosofis" title="Antropologi filosofis">Sifat manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_humor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori humor (halaman belum tersedia)">Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_bahasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat bahasa">Bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_dan_sastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat dan sastra (halaman belum tersedia)">Sastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_matematika" title="Filsafat matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_pikiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat pikiran">Pikiran</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakit_(filsafat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakit (filsafat) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sakit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_psikologi" title="Filsafat psikologi">Psikologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metafilsafat" title="Metafilsafat">Filsafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_agama" title="Filsafat agama">Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_sains" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat sains">Sains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_fisika" title="Filsafat fisika">Fisika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_biologi" title="Filsafat biologi">Biologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_geografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat geografi (halaman belum tersedia)">Geografi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_seks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat seks (halaman belum tersedia)">Seksualitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_ilmu_sosial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat ilmu sosial (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu sosial</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_dan_ekonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat dan ekonomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keadilan" title="Keadilan">Keadilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurisprudensi" title="Yurisprudensi">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_politik" title="Filsafat politik">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Masyarakat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_ruang_dan_waktu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat ruang dan waktu (halaman belum tersedia)">Ruang dan waktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_olahraga" title="Filsafat olahraga">Olahraga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_teknologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat teknologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_ilmu_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat ilmu komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_rekayasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat rekayasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Rekayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_informasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat informasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Informasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_perang" title="Filsafat perang">Peran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mazhab" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazhab</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_kuno" title="Filsafat kuno">Kuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Barat" title="Filsafat Barat">Barat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_abad_pertengahan" title="Filsafat abad pertengahan">Abad pertengahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_pencerahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat pencerahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencerahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_modern_awal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat modern awal (halaman belum tersedia)">Modern awal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_modern" title="Filsafat modern">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_kontemporer" title="Filsafat kontemporer">Kontemporer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_kuno" title="Filsafat kuno">Kuno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrikulturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrikulturalisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Agrikulturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme" title="Konfusianisme">Konfusianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalisme_(filsafat_Tiongkok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalisme (filsafat Tiongkok) (halaman belum tersedia)">Legalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazhab_Nama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazhab Nama (halaman belum tersedia)">Logikawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohisme" title="Mohisme">Mohisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazhab_Naturalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazhab Naturalis (halaman belum tersedia)">Naturalisme Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xuanxue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuanxue (halaman belum tersedia)">Neotaoisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Yangisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Yunani_Kuno" title="Filsafat Yunani Kuno">Yunani-</a><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat Yunani">Romawi</a> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianisme" title="Aristotelianisme">Aristotelianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinisisme_(filsafat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinisisme (filsafat)">Sinisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epikureanisme" title="Epikureanisme">Epikureanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutika" title="Hermeneutika">Hermeneutika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonisme" title="Neoplatonisme">Neoplatonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazhab_peripatetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazhab peripatetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Peripatetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonisme" title="Platonisme">Platonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_pra-Sokrates" title="Filsafat pra-Sokrates">Prasokrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitagoreanisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitagoreanisme">Pitagoreanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofisme" title="Sofisme">Sofisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoikisme" title="Stoikisme">Stoikisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_India" title="Filsafat India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%81rv%C4%81ka" class="mw-redirect" title="Cārvāka">Cārvāka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Hindu" title="Filsafat Hindu">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Jain (halaman belum tersedia)">Jain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">Persia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazdak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazdak (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazdakisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurvanisme">Zurvanisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_abad_pertengahan" title="Filsafat abad pertengahan">Abad pertengahan</a> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;">Eropa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Kristen" title="Filsafat Kristen">Filsafat Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolastisisme" title="Skolastisisme">Skolastisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomisme" title="Thomisme">Thomisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanisme_renaisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanisme renaisans">Humanisme renaisans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;">Asia Timur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme_Korea" title="Konfusianisme Korea">Konfusianisme Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Konfusianisme_di_Jepang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Konfusianisme di Jepang (halaman belum tersedia)">Rigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Konfusianisme" title="Neo-Konfusianisme">Neo-Konfusianisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navya-Ny%C4%81ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navya-Nyāya (halaman belum tersedia)">Navya-Nyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam" title="Filsafat Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Averroisme" title="Averroisme">Averroisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Sina#Filsafat_Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina">Avicennisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iluminasionisme#Mazhab_Iluminasionisme_Persia" title="Iluminasionisme">Iluminasionisme Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Sufi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Sufi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sufi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Yahudi" title="Filsafat Yahudi">Yahudi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Yahudi-Islam_(800%E2%80%931400)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Yahudi-Islam (800–1400) (halaman belum tersedia)">Yahudi-Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_modern" title="Filsafat modern">Modern</a> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;">tokoh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Thomisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Thomisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Neo-Thomisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartesianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartesianisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Cartesianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantianisme" title="Kantianisme">Kantianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Kantianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Kantianisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Neo-Kantianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegelianisme" title="Hegelianisme">Hegelianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Marxis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Marxis (halaman belum tersedia)">Marxisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Ideal / Material </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">Idealisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme_absolut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idealisme absolut (halaman belum tersedia)">Idealisme absolut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasionalisme" title="Rasionalisme">Rasionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirisisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirisisme">Empirisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianisme" title="Utilitarianisme">Utilitarianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatisme" title="Pragmatisme">Pragmatisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;">Lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalisme_klasik" title="Liberalisme klasik">Liberalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarkisme" title="Anarkisme">Anarkisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi_(filsafat)" title="Fenomenologi (filsafat)">Fenomenologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transendentalisme" title="Transendentalisme">Transendentalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">Kokugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme_Baru" title="Konfusianisme Baru">Konfusianisme Baru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_kontemporer" title="Filsafat kontemporer">Kontemporer</a> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_analitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat analitis">Analitis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminisme_analitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminisme analitis (halaman belum tersedia)">Feminisme analitis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsekuensionalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsekuensionalisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsekuensionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_eksperimental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat eksperimental (halaman belum tersedia)">Filsafat eksperimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalisme_dan_eksternalisme" title="Internalisme dan eksternalisme">Internalisme dan Eksternalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiabilitas" title="Falsifiabilitas">Falsifikasionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondasionalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pondasionalisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Pondasionalisme</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koherentisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koherentisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Koherentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positivisme_logika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positivisme logika (halaman belum tersedia)">Positivisme logika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivisme_hukum" title="Positivisme hukum">Positivisme hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epistemologi_alamiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epistemologi alamiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Naturalisme Quinean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_bahasa_biasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat bahasa biasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Filsafat bahasa biasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quietisme_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quietisme (philosophy) (halaman belum tersedia)">Quietisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawlsian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epistemologi_tereformasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epistemologi tereformasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Epistemologi tereformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_pascaanalitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat pascaanalitis (halaman belum tersedia)">Filsafat pascaanalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianisme#Perkembangan_abad_ke-21" title="Utilitarianisme">Utilitarianisme kontemporer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etika_kebajikan#'Peralihan_aretaik'_kontemporer" title="Etika kebajikan">Neo-Aristotelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingkaran_Wina" title="Lingkaran Wina">Lingkaran Wina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgensteinian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_kontinental" title="Filsafat kontinental">Kontinental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teori_kritis" title="Teori kritis">Teori kritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruksi" title="Dekonstruksi">Dekonstruksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_feminis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat feminis (halaman belum tersedia)">Feminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_Frankfurt" title="Mazhab Frankfurt">Mazhab Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_pascamodern" title="Filsafat pascamodern">Pascamodernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascastrukturalisme" title="Pascastrukturalisme">Pascastrukturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstruksionisme_sosial" title="Konstruksionisme sosial">Konstruksionisme sosial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme">Strukturalisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.6em;font-weight: normal;">Lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazhab_Kyoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazhab Kyoto (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazhab Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Objektivisme_(Ayn_Rand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objektivisme (Ayn Rand) (halaman belum tersedia)">Objektivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmisme_Rusia" title="Kosmisme Rusia">Kosmisme Rusia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">lainnya...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Posisi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Posisi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika">Estetika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formalisme_(seni)" title="Formalisme (seni)">Formalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_seni_institusional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori seni institusional (halaman belum tersedia)">Institusionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emosi_estetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emosi estetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanggapan estetik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Etika" title="Etika">Etika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konsekuensialisme" title="Konsekuensialisme">Konsekuensialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deontologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deontologi">Deontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etika_kebajikan" title="Etika kebajikan">Kebajikan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Kehendak_bebas" title="Kehendak bebas">Kehendak bebas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kompatibilisme" title="Kompatibilisme">Kompatibilisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinisme" title="Determinisme">Determinisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianisme_(metafisika)" title="Libertarianisme (metafisika)">Libertarianisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika">Metafisika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomisme" title="Atomisme">Atomisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">Dualisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">Monisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme_metafisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme metafisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Naturalisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">Epistemologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistemologi_konstruktivis" title="Epistemologi konstruktivis">Konstruktivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirisisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirisisme">Empirisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme_epistemologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idealisme epistemologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Idealisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikularisme_epistemologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikularisme epistemologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Partikularisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fideisme" title="Fideisme">Fideisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasionalisme" title="Rasionalisme">Rasionalisme</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reasonisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reasonisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Reasonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skeptisisme_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skeptisisme filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Skeptisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solipsisme" title="Solipsisme">Solipsisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_pikiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat pikiran">Pikiran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behaviorisme" title="Behaviorisme">Behaviorisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme_eliminatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialisme eliminatif (halaman belum tersedia)">Eliminativisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epifenomenalisme" title="Epifenomenalisme">Epifenomenalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungsionalisme_(filsafat_pikiran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungsionalisme (filsafat pikiran)">Fungsionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objektivitas_(filsafat)" title="Objektivitas (filsafat)">Objektivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjektivisme" title="Subjektivisme">Subjektivisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norma_(filsafat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norma (filsafat) (halaman belum tersedia)">Normativitas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolutisme_moral" title="Absolutisme moral">Absolutisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikularisme_moral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikularisme moral (halaman belum tersedia)">Partikularisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativisme" title="Relativisme">Relativisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilisme_moral" title="Nihilisme moral">Nihilisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skeptisisme_moral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skeptisisme moral (halaman belum tersedia)">Skeptisisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalisme_moral" title="Universalisme moral">Universalisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">Ontologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_aksi_(filsafat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori aksi (filsafat) (halaman belum tersedia)">Aksi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristiwa_(filsafat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peristiwa (filsafat) (halaman belum tersedia)">Peristiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_proses" title="Filsafat proses">Proses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/wiki/Realitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Realitas">Realitas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-realisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-realisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti-realisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conceptualisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conceptualisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Conceptualisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">Idealisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filsafat)" title="Naturalisme (filsafat)">Naturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalisme" title="Nominalisme">Nominalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realisme_filsafat" title="Realisme filsafat">Realisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Filsafat_menurut_wilayahDaftar_terkait_filsafat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Filsafat_menurut_wilayah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Filsafat menurut wilayah (halaman belum tersedia)">Filsafat menurut wilayah</a></li><li>Daftar terkait filsafat</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Filsafat_menurut_wilayah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Filsafat menurut wilayah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Afrika (halaman belum tersedia)">Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Ethiopia (halaman belum tersedia)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Aztec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Aztec (halaman belum tersedia)">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Pribumi_Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Pribumi Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">Pribumi Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Timur" title="Filsafat Timur">Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Mesir_Kuno" title="Filsafat Mesir Kuno">Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Ceko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Ceko (halaman belum tersedia)">Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_India" title="Filsafat India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Indonesia" title="Filsafat Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Jepang" title="Filsafat Jepang">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Vietnam" title="Filsafat Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Pakistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Barat" title="Filsafat Barat">Barat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Yunani_Kuno" title="Filsafat Yunani Kuno">Yunani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Rusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Rusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Slovenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slovenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.8em">Daftar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_besar_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis besar filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis besar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tahun_dalam_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar tahun dalam filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Tahun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_masalah_filsafat_yang_belum_terselesaikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar masalah filsafat yang belum terselesaikan (halaman belum tersedia)">Masalah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Aliran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_filsuf" title="Daftar filsuf">Filsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_karya_penting_dalam_filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar karya penting dalam filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Publikasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Filsafat" title="Portal:Filsafat">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filsafat" title="Kategori:Filsafat">Kategori</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Filsafat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:ProyekWiki Filsafat (halaman belum tersedia)">ProyekWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Templat:Topik_filsafat" title="Istimewa:Perubahan terkait/Templat:Topik filsafat">Perubahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14985869">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:220px"><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Buku" title="Wikipedia:Buku">Buku</a></b></span><br /><span style="font-size:90%">Lihat atau urutkan koleksi artikel</span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Ateisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Ateisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Ateisme</a></b></i></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px"><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></b></span><br /><span style="font-size:90%">Akses topik terkait</span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/30px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/45px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/60px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ateisme" title="Portal:Ateisme">Portal Ateisme</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/19px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/29px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/39px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Filsafat" title="Portal:Filsafat">Portal Filsafat</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/30px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/45px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/60px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agama" title="Portal:Agama">Portal Agama</a></b></i></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px"><span style="font-size:90%">Temukan informasi lain di</span><br /><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proyek_saudari_Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Proyek saudari Wikimedia">proyek saudari Wikimedia</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Atheism" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Atheism">Berkas dan media</a><br />dari Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Atheism" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Category:Atheism">Kabar berita</a><br />dari Wikinews</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ateisme#bahasa_Inggris" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Ateisme">Definisi</a><br />dari Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ateisme" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Ateisme">Buku teks</a><br />dari Wikibooks</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ateisme" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Ateisme">Kutipan</a><br />dari Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Atheism" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Category:Atheism">Teks sumber</a><br />dari Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beyond_Theism" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Beyond Theism">Sumber pembelajaran</a><br />dari Wikiversity</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Q7066" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Q7066">Data</a><br />dari Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7066#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7066#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7066#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4003364-8">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX524722">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937191k">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937191k">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85009109">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567940">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118651&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/017465">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/2779783995">Microsoft Academic</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ateizm">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&oldid=26306525">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ateisme&oldid=26306525</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ateisme" title="Kategori:Ateisme">Ateisme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kritik_terhadap_agama" title="Kategori:Kritik terhadap agama">Kritik terhadap agama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tidak_beragama" title="Kategori:Tidak beragama">Tidak beragama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filsafat_agama" title="Kategori:Filsafat agama">Filsafat agama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Skeptisisme" title="Kategori:Skeptisisme">Skeptisisme</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Galat_CS1:_tanggal" title="Kategori:Galat CS1: tanggal">Galat CS1: tanggal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif_permanen" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_yang_menggunakan_pranala_magis_ISBN" title="Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN">Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Yunani_Kuno" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Yunani Kuno">Artikel mengandung aksara Yunani Kuno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Latin" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Latin">Artikel mengandung aksara Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_berpranala_Curlie" title="Kategori:Artikel berpranala Curlie">Artikel berpranala Curlie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_yang_menggunakan_Templat:Longitem_dengan_parameter_gaya_yang_tidak_mempunyai_nama" title="Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan Templat:Longitem dengan parameter gaya yang tidak mempunyai nama">Halaman yang menggunakan Templat:Longitem dengan parameter gaya yang tidak mempunyai nama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_GND" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNE" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LCCN" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN</a></li><li><a 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