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href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fermentatie rootpage-Fermentatie skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/21_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Fermentatie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Fermentatie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Fermentatie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industriële_processen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industriële_processen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Industriële processen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industriële_processen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Industriële processen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Industriële_processen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Precisiefermentatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precisiefermentatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Precisiefermentatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precisiefermentatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voeding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voeding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Voeding-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Brood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcoholische_dranken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoholische_dranken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Alcoholische dranken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoholische_dranken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proteïne_alternatieven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proteïne_alternatieven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Proteïne alternatieven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proteïne_alternatieven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overige_producten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overige_producten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Overige producten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overige_producten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herkauwers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herkauwers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Herkauwers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herkauwers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Broei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fermentatie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 90 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="تخمر (كيمياء حيوية) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخمر (كيمياء حيوية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formentaci%C3%B3n" title="Formentación – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Formentación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasiya" title="Fermentasiya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermentasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permentasyon" title="Permentasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Permentasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Закісанне – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Закісанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ферментация – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ферментация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="গাঁজন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাঁজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3" title="Fermentació – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fermentació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-g%C3%A1u" title="Huák-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گەنین – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەنین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kva%C5%A1en%C3%AD" title="Kvašení – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvašení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eplesu" title="Eplesu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eplesu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ζύμωση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζύμωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentado" title="Fermentado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fermentado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3n" title="Fermentación – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fermentación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4rimine" title="Käärimine – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Käärimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartzidura" title="Hartzidura – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hartzidura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تخمیر – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخمیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4yminen" title="Käyminen – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentazion" title="Fermentazion – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fermentazion" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coipeadh" title="Coipeadh – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coipeadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachadh" title="Brachadh – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaci%C3%B3n" title="Fermentación – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fermentación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="תסיסה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תסיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="किण्वन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किण्वन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrenje" title="Vrenje – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erjed%C3%A9s" title="Erjedés – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erjedés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Խմորում – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խմորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fermentasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentaco_(biokemio)" title="Fermentaco (biokemio) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fermentaco (biokemio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerjun" title="Gerjun – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gerjun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentazione" title="Fermentazione – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fermentazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BA%E9%85%B5" title="発酵 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発酵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferm%C3%A8ntasi" title="Fermèntasi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fermèntasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83" title="Ашыту – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ашыту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕಿಣ್ವನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿಣ್ವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%9A%A8" title="발효 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발효" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%AEn" title="Genîn – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Genîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Ачытуу – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ачытуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burveda" title="Burveda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Burveda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABg%C5%A1ana" title="Rūgšana – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūgšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ферментација – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ферментација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കിണ്വനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിണ്വനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penapaian_(biokimia)" title="Penapaian (biokimia) – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penapaian (biokimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကစော်ဖောက်ခြင်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကစော်ဖောက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentering" title="Fermentering – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fermentering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫਰਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacja" title="Fermentacja – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fermentacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9_beuje" title="Fé beuje – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fé beuje" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84)" title="خميره کېدنه (موره کېدل) – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خميره کېدنه (موره کېدل)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Fermentação – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fermentação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%27uchquy" title="P'uchquy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="P'uchquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie" title="Fermentație – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fermentație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Брожение – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брожение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Көөнньүү – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көөнньүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmintazzioni" title="Firmintazzioni – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Firmintazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasenie" title="Kvasenie – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvasenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentacija" title="Fermentacija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fermentacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamiir" title="Khamiir – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khamiir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentimi" title="Fermentimi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fermentimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ферментација (биохемија) – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ферментација (биохемија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9rm%C3%A9ntasi" title="Férméntasi – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Férméntasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4sning" title="Jäsning – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jäsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fermentation" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerowanie" title="Gerowanie – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gerowanie" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="நொதிப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நொதிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="การหมัก (ชีวเคมี) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การหมัก (ชีวเคมี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbuburo" title="Pagbuburo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagbuburo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermantasyon" title="Fermantasyon – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fermantasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ферментація – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферментація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="عمل تخمیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل تخمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijg%CA%BBish" title="Bijgʻish – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bijgʻish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasion" title="Fermentasion – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fermentasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAn_men" title="Lên men – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lên men" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasyon" title="Fermentasyon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fermentasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="发酵" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="发酵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-k%C3%A0%E2%81%BF" title="Hoat-kàⁿ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kàⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%85%B5" title="發酵 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="發酵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Fermenting.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Bij het fermentatieproces van <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a> kunnen bellen ontstaan door de koolstofdioxide die opstijgt.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fermentatie</b> (Latijn: <i>fermentum</i>, zuurdeeg) is, in de <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">biochemie</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Ontledingsreactie" title="Ontledingsreactie">afbreken</a> van biologische materialen (<a href="/wiki/Substraat_(biochemie)" title="Substraat (biochemie)">substraat</a>) tot eenvoudigere stoffen, <a href="/wiki/Anaeroob" title="Anaeroob">in afwezigheid van zuurstof</a>. Micro-organismen zoals <a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">bacteriën</a> en <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a> (inclusief <a href="/wiki/Gist" title="Gist">gisten</a>) staan bekend om hun vermogen <a href="/wiki/Organische_stof" title="Organische stof">organische stoffen</a> te fermenteren, al vindt het ook in sommige dierlijke cellen plaats (zoals <a href="/wiki/Skeletspier" title="Skeletspier">skeletspieren</a>). </p><p>Bij micro-organismen die in <a href="/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element)">zuurstofarme</a> omstandigheden leven, is fermentatie de meestvoorkomende manier om <a href="/wiki/Adenosinetrifosfaat" title="Adenosinetrifosfaat">adenosinetrifosfaat</a> (ATP) te produceren, een stof die de universele drager van <a href="/wiki/Chemische_energie" title="Chemische energie">chemische energie</a> in alle levende <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">cellen</a> is. Tegenwoordig wordt de term fermentatie echter ook in ruimere zin gebruikt, en rekent men ook <a href="/wiki/Aeroob" title="Aeroob">aerobe</a> processen ertoe (waarbij zuurstof wel een rol speelt). Fermentatie met behulp van bacteriën of schimmels wordt in de voedingsindustrie veel toegepast, bijvoorbeeld voor de conservering van melkproducten, evenals de productie van alcoholische dranken zoals <a href="/wiki/Wijn" title="Wijn">wijn</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de 19e eeuw werden ontdekkingen gedaan door <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwann" title="Theodor Schwann">Theodor Schwann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> en <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> op het gebied van fermentatie. Pasteur verschilde van mening met Von Liebig over de aard van het fermentatieproces. Liebig was van mening dat fermentatie het gevolg was van een chemisch proces, en dat de aanwezigheid van gist niet per se nodig was. Pasteur daarentegen ging ervan uit dat de aanwezigheid van <a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organismen</a> essentieel is voor het fermentatieproces. </p><p>In 1891 kreeg de Japanse chemicus Jokichi Takamine het octrooi op een fermentatiemethode waarbij uit <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_oryzae" title="Aspergillus oryzae">Aspergillus oryzae</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Amylase" title="Amylase">amylase</a> werd geïsoleerd. Deze fermentatiemethode wordt tot op de dag van vandaag toegepast bij de bereiding van bepaalde enzymen. </p><p>In 1985 lanceerde het merk <a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a> een vleesvervanger. De productie hiervan gebeurt door middel van fermentatie van <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a>. </p><p>In 2023 startte het Nederlandse bedrijf Farmless met elektrische fermentatie om eiwitten voor vleesvervangers te produceren.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierbij worden <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">CO2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element)">waterstof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Duurzame_energie" title="Duurzame energie">hernieuwbare energie</a> gebruikt om <a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organisme</a> door middel van fermentatie <a href="/wiki/Eiwitten" title="Eiwitten">eiwitten</a> voor menselijke voeding te laten produceren.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industriële_processen"><span id="Industri.C3.ABle_processen"></span>Industriële processen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Industriële processen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Industriële processen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het toevoegen van <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymen</a> zonder het enzymproducerende micro-organisme wordt gezien als een <a href="/wiki/Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">hydrolyse</a>, niet als fermentatie. Beide processen worden tegenwoordig veel gebruikt in de biochemie waarbij een substraat zeer selectief kan worden omgezet tot eindproduct. Deze biologische methode is energetisch veel interessanter dan chemische synthese en heeft de mogelijkheid om veel complexere biologische moleculen te maken, bijvoorbeeld menselijke <a href="/wiki/Insuline" title="Insuline">insuline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antibioticum" title="Antibioticum">antibiotica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme">enzymen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">vitamines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stero%C3%AFde" title="Steroïde">steroïden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citroenzuur" title="Citroenzuur">citroenzuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melkzuur" title="Melkzuur">melkzuur</a>. </p><p>Tijdens aerobe fermentatie is het van belang een goede verdeling van de zuurstofconcentratie in het <a href="/wiki/Voedingsbodem" title="Voedingsbodem">kweekmedium</a> te handhaven voor de groei van aerobe micro-organismen. Dit wordt verkregen door (steriele) beluchting (aëratie) en roeren (agitatie) van het kweekmedium. Een teveel aan zuurstof leidt tot <a href="/wiki/Oxidatie" title="Oxidatie">oxidatieve</a> processen die meestal ook het substraat omzetten naar een ander eindproduct en dus negatieve concurrentie opleveren voor de fermentatie. </p><p>Er bestaan drie verschillende manieren waarop een fermentatie(cel)cultuur gevoed wordt. Dit zijn de <i>batch-</i>, <i>fedbatch-</i> en continucultuur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precisiefermentatie">Precisiefermentatie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Precisiefermentatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Precisiefermentatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Precisiefermentatie" title="Precisiefermentatie">Precisiefermentatie</a> is een biotechnisch productieproces dat micro-organismen gebruikt om specifieke functionele ingrediënten te produceren. Het omvat de <a href="/wiki/Genetische_modificatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetische modificatie">genetische modificatie</a> en fermentatie van micro-organismen om organische moleculen te creëren. De micro-organismen worden geprogrammeerd om kleine productiefabrieken te zijn en die kunnen worden gebruikt om hoogwaardige eiwitverbindingen te produceren zonder traditionele veeteelt. Precisiefermentatie wordt gebruikt om insuline te produceren voor diabetici en stremsel voor kaas.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met precisiefermentatie kan men aanpasbare, complexe organische moleculen maken uit eenvoudige micro-organismen of microben. Hierbij programmeren wetenschappers microben om specifieke, aangepaste moleculen te maken, inclusief het maken van vleesvervangers die hetzelfde smaken, maar minder belastend zijn voor het milieu.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voeding">Voeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voeding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voeding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fermentatieprocessen met behulp van bacteriën en schimmels (inclusief gisten) worden in de voedingsindustrie veel toegepast bij de productie en de conservering van voedingsmiddelen zoals <a href="/wiki/Salami" title="Salami">salami</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zuurkool" title="Zuurkool">zuurkool</a>. Het fermentatieproces wordt gebruikt om levensmiddelen houdbaar te houden en om geur, kleur en smaak te veranderen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brood">Brood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Brood" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Brood"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij het bakken van gist<a href="/wiki/Brood" title="Brood">brood</a> wordt het deeg tot rijzen gebracht door middel van het koolzuurgas dat door gist wordt geproduceerd. Daarbij worden de aanwezige <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">suikers</a> in het deeg vergist tot CO<sub>2</sub> en <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>. </p><p>Bij <a href="/wiki/Zuurdesembrood" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuurdesembrood">zuurdesembrood</a> daarentegen wordt de voor het rijzen noodzakelijke CO<sub>2</sub> niet door gist geproduceerd, maar door heterofermentatieve <a href="/wiki/Melkzuurbacteri%C3%ABn" title="Melkzuurbacteriën">melkzuurbacteriën</a>, die uit de aanwezige suikers naast <a href="/wiki/Melkzuur" title="Melkzuur">melkzuur</a> ook alcohol (ethanol) en koolzuurgas (CO<sub>2</sub>) maken. Homofermentatieve melkzuurbacteriën produceren bij de fermentatie van suikers alleen melkzuur, geen CO<sub>2</sub> en ethanol. Zuurdesembrood kan worden gemaakt met een mengsel van homofermentatieve melkzuurbacteriën en gist, maar ook met enkel heterofermentatieve melkzuurbacteriën. Omdat in het laatste geval geen omzetting door gist plaatsvindt, is deze fermentatie geen vorm van vergisting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoholische_dranken">Alcoholische dranken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Alcoholische dranken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Alcoholische dranken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een andere toepassing van fermentatie vinden we bij de productie van <a href="/wiki/Alcoholische_drank" title="Alcoholische drank">alcoholische dranken</a>. Het proces vindt daarbij plaats in twee stappen. Eerst is er in een aerobe (zuurstofhoudende) atmosfeer een vermeerdering van de aanwezige gistcellen. Vervolgens wordt in een anaerobe atmosfeer de <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> geproduceerd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proteïne_alternatieven"><span id="Prote.C3.AFne_alternatieven"></span>Proteïne alternatieven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Proteïne alternatieven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Proteïne alternatieven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fermentatie wordt gebruikt om alternatieve voor dierlijke <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">eiwitten</a> te maken. Het fermentatieproces wordt bijvoorbeeld gebruikt om <a href="/wiki/Sojaboon" title="Sojaboon">soja</a> om te zetten naar een yoghurt alternatief. Maar ook bij de productie van vervangingen van kaas, melk en eieren wordt fermentatie gebruikt om gelijkwaardige proteïnes te produceren.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoprote%C3%AFne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemoproteïne (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hemoproteïne</a> een ijzerhoudend eiwit in bloed, wordt met behulp van precisiefermentatie gemaakt. Voorbeelden zijn <a href="/wiki/Myoglobine" title="Myoglobine">myoglobine</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobine" title="Hemoglobine">hemoglobine</a>, die geven vlees de karakteristieke textuur, smaak, kleur en aroma. De ingrediënten myoglobine en leghemoglobine kunnen worden gebruikt om deze vlees eigenschap na te maken voor bijvoorbeeld vegetarische burgers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overige_producten">Overige producten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overige producten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overige producten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fermentatie gebeurt verder onder meer bij de bereiding van: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnemelk" title="Karnemelk">karnemelk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt">yoghurt</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaas" title="Kaas">kaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azijn" title="Azijn">azijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olijven" class="mw-redirect" title="Olijven">olijven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacaobonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacaobonen">cacaobonen</a> na het oogsten;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojasaus" title="Sojasaus">sojasaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabasco_(saus)" title="Tabasco (saus)">tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mout" title="Mout">mout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojamelk" title="Sojamelk">soyamelk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sojayoghurt" title="Sojayoghurt">sojayoghurt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herkauwers">Herkauwers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Herkauwers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Herkauwers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Herkauwer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herkauwer">Herkauwers</a> maken gebruik van micro-organismen (een <a href="/wiki/Symbiose" title="Symbiose">symbiose</a>) bij fermentatieprocessen in de <a href="/wiki/Pens" title="Pens">pens</a>. De producten van een fermentatieproces zijn een aantal (vluchtige) vetzuren. Onder andere onderstaande zuren (hier weergegeven als de onder biologische omstandigheden optredende <a href="/wiki/Anionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Anionen">anionen</a>) worden gevormd: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Structuurformule </th> <th>Naam van de zuurrest </th> <th>Triviale naam van het zuur </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Lactat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lactat-Ion.svg/152px-Lactat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="152" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lactat-Ion.svg/228px-Lactat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Lactat-Ion.svg/304px-Lactat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="117" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lactaat" title="Lactaat">lactaat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melkzuur" title="Melkzuur">melkzuur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Acetat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Acetat-Ion.svg/119px-Acetat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Acetat-Ion.svg/179px-Acetat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Acetat-Ion.svg/238px-Acetat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetaat" title="Acetaat">acetaat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azijnzuur" title="Azijnzuur">azijnzuur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Butyration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Butyration.svg/375px-Butyration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="375" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Butyration.svg/563px-Butyration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Butyration.svg/750px-Butyration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butyraat" title="Butyraat">butyraat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boterzuur" title="Boterzuur">boterzuur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Propionat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Propionat-Ion.svg/164px-Propionat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="164" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Propionat-Ion.svg/246px-Propionat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Propionat-Ion.svg/328px-Propionat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="87" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Propionaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Propionaat">propionaat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Propionzuur" title="Propionzuur">propionzuur</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broei">Broei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Broei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Broei"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broei is het verschijnsel waarbij <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraten" title="Koolhydraten">koolhydraten</a> worden verbrand tot <a href="/wiki/Koolzuurgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolzuurgas">koolzuurgas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> onder afgifte van warmte. Dit kan worden veroorzaakt door de activiteit van <a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organismen</a> zoals bacteriën. Broei komt voornamelijk voor in vochtige hopen organisch materiaal, zoals <a href="/wiki/Hooibroei" title="Hooibroei">hooi</a>. </p><p>Sommige dieren zoeken hopen plantaardig materiaal op die broei vertonen om de eieren in af te zetten, om zo te profiteren van de warmte in de broedhoop. Een voorbeeld hiervan is de <a href="/wiki/Ringslang" title="Ringslang">ringslang</a>. Andere dieren maken zelf een nest waarin broei plaatsvindt, zoals veel <a href="/wiki/Krokodilachtigen" title="Krokodilachtigen">krokodilachtigen</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Koningscobra" title="Koningscobra">koningscobra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyris_(bedrijf)" title="Amyris (bedrijf)">Amyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisting_(alcohol)" title="Gisting (alcohol)">Gisting (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisiefermentatie" title="Precisiefermentatie">Precisiefermentatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergisting_(mest)" title="Vergisting (mest)">Vergisting (mest)</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><div style="margin-top:-16px"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2015"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Schuit, F.</span> (2015). <cite><i>Leerboek Metabolisme</i></cite>. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, "Hoofdstuk 3: Glycolyse". <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-368-0619-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-368-0619-0">ISBN 978-90-368-0619-0</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2006"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Klein D, Lansing M, Harley, J.</span> (2006). <cite><i>Microbiology</i></cite>, 6th. McGraw-Hill, New York. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-07-255678-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-07-255678-0">ISBN 978-0-07-255678-0</a></span>.</span></li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://farmless.com/">Farmless - planet friendly proteins</a>. <i>farmless.com</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-09-12">12 september 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKamps2023"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kamps, Haje Jan</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2023/05/10/farmless-seed-funding/">With its planet-friendly protein, Farmless wants to dramatically outperform animal agriculture</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-05-10">10 mei 2023</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-09-12">12 september 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2023"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biooekonomie.de/en/topics/in-depth-reports/precision-fermentation-tailor-made-bioproduction">Precision fermentation: Tailor-made bioproduction | Bioökonomie.de</a>. <i>biooekonomie.de</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-08-21">21 augustus 2023</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-09-12">12 september 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFtank2020"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">tank, RethinkX, disruptive technology think</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rethinkx.medium.com/precision-fermentation-what-exactly-is-it-7004eeaa798e">Precision Fermentation: What exactly is it?</a>. <i>Medium</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-02-26">26 februari 2020</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-09-12">12 september 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFfoodnavigator.com2022"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">foodnavigator.com</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/01/27/What-s-next-in-alternative-protein-7-trends-on-the-up-in-2022">What’s next in alternative protein? 7 trends on the up in 2022</a>. <i>foodnavigator.com</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-01-27">27 januari 2022</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-10-24">24 oktober 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSimon"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Simon, Matt</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/the-impossible-burger/">Inside the Strange Science of the Fake Meat That 'Bleeds'</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-10-24">24 oktober 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&oldid=67381811">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fermentatie&oldid=67381811</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Biochemische_reactie" title="Categorie:Biochemische reactie">Biochemische reactie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mycologie" title="Categorie:Mycologie">Mycologie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 16 apr 2024 om 09:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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