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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-더_알아_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#더_알아_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>더 알아 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-더_알아_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-추가_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#추가_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>추가 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-추가_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">기묘 쿼크</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 50개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vreemdkwark" title="Vreemdkwark – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vreemdkwark" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="كوارك غريب – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوارك غريب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_estra%C3%B1u" title="Quark estrañu – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quark estrañu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="S-кварк – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="S-кварк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Странен кварк – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Странен кварк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_s" title="Quark s – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quark s" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_s" title="Kvark s – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvark s" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange-kvark" title="Strange-kvark – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strange-kvark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange-Quark" title="Strange-Quark – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strange-Quark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Strange quark" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuark_extra%C3%B1o" title="Cuark extraño – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuark extraño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-kvark" title="S-kvark – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="S-kvark" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_arraro" title="Quark arraro – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Quark arraro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA" title="کوارک شگفت – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارک شگفت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outokvarkki" title="Outokvarkki – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Outokvarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_%C3%A9trange" title="Quark étrange – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quark étrange" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8" title="קווארק מוזר – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווארק מוזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="विचित्र क्वार्क – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विचित्र क्वार्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Strani kvark" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_kvark" title="Strange kvark – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Strange kvark" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="S-քվարկ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="S-քվարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quark strange" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ストレンジクォーク – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストレンジクォーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="S-კვარკი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="S-კვარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarcum_mirum" title="Quarcum mirum – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarcum mirum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keistasis_kvarkas" title="Keistasis kvarkas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keistasis kvarkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_kvarks" title="S kvarks – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="S kvarks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Чуден кварк – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чуден кварк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_aneh" title="Kuark aneh – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuark aneh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6rkvark" title="Særkvark – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Særkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_estrani" title="Quark estrani – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quark estrani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwark_dziwny" title="Kwark dziwny – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwark dziwny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="وکھرا کوارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وکھرا کوارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quark strange" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="S-кварк – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="S-кварк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Strani kvark" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strange quark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podivn%C3%BD_kvark" title="Podivný kvark – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podivný kvark" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_s" title="Kvark s – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvark s" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Strani kvark" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakaibang_quark" title="Kakaibang quark – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kakaibang quark" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garip_kuark" title="Garip kuark – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Garip kuark" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-kvark" title="S-kvark – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="S-kvark" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="S-кварк – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="S-кварк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="عجیب کوارک – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عجیب کوارک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_l%E1%BA%A1" title="Quark lạ – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quark lạ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusahon_nga_quark" title="Urusahon nga quark – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Urusahon nga quark" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克 – 우어" 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311307">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">야릇한 쿼크</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90#구성" title="입자">구성</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="기본 입자">기본 입자</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90_%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="입자 통계 (없는 문서)">통계</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%A8" title="페르미온">페르미온</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="세대 (물리학)">세대</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2세대</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="기본 상호작용">상호작용</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용">강한 상호작용</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="약한 상호작용">약한 상호작용</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="전자기력">전자기력</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="중력">중력</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">기호</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>s<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="반입자">반입자</a></th><td class="infobox-data">야릇한 반쿼크 (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">s</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">이론</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B2%94%EB%A7%8C" title="머리 겔만">머리 겔만</a> (1964)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%B8%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지 츠바이크 (없는 문서)">조지 츠바이크</a> (1964)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">발견</th><td class="infobox-data">1968, <a href="/wiki/SLAC" class="mw-redirect" title="SLAC">SLAC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%B3%80_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="불변 질량">질량</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001950000000000000♠"></span>95<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+5<br />−5</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8#질량의_단위" title="전자볼트">MeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-PDG2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90_%EB%B6%95%EA%B4%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="입자 붕괴 (없는 문서)">붕괴 입자</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크">위 쿼크</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="전하">전하</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38560322">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="기본 전하"><i>e</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%89%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="색전하">색전하</a></th><td class="infobox-data">있음</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="스핀 (물리학)">스핀</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80" title="약한 아이소스핀">약한 아이소스핀</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%84%EC%84%B1" title="카이랄성">LH</a>: −<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%84%EC%84%B1" title="카이랄성">RH</a>: 0</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%B4%88%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="약한 초전하">약한 초전하</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%84%EC%84%B1" title="카이랄성">LH</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%84%EC%84%B1" title="카이랄성">RH</a>: −<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">2</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>야릇한 쿼크</b> 혹은 야한 쿼크(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">strange quark</span> <small>야릇한 쿼크<sup>[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:영어의 한글 표기">*</a>]</sup></small>, 冶妙quark, 기호: s)는 기본 입자인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="쿼크">쿼크</a> 중 세 번째로 가벼우며, 쿼크로 이루어진 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자">강입자</a>에서 발견된다. 야릇한 쿼크를 지니는 강입자로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="케이온">케이온</a>(<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>K<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EB%94%94_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기묘 디 중간자 (없는 문서)">기묘 디 중간자</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>D<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br />s</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="시그마 중입자">시그마 중입자</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>Σ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>), 그리고 다른 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%BC%ED%95%9C_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="야한 입자 (없는 문서)">야한 입자</a>들이 있다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/IUPAP" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAP">IUPAP</a>에 따르면 기호 <b>s</b>가 공식 이름이고, 간혹 쓰이는 기묘하다는 말은 기억하기 편하게 하기 위한 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>sexy</b>라는 이름도 사용해 왔었는데 그 이유는 u (“up”)와 d (“down”) 쿼크의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80" title="아이소스핀">I<sub>3</sub> 값</a>은 각각 +<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span>과 −<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span>인 반면에 s 쿼크의 I<sub>3</sub> 값은 0이기 때문이다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%A4%EC%9A%B4_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="매운 쿼크 (없는 문서)">매운 쿼크</a>와 함께 물질 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="세대 (물리학)">2세대</a>를 이루며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="전하">전하</a>는 −<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="기본 전하"><i>e</i></a>이고 정지 질량은 <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001950000000000000♠"></span>95<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+5<br />−5</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8#질량의_단위" title="전자볼트">MeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></a></span>이다.<sup id="cite_ref-PDG2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 다른 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="쿼크">쿼크</a>와 마찬가지로, 야릇한 쿼크는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="스핀 (물리학)">스핀</a>이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80-1/2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스핀-1/2 (없는 문서)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38560322"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span></a>인 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="기본 입자">기본</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%A8" title="페르미온">페르미온</a>이며, 4가지의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="기본 상호작용">기본 상호작용</a>의 영향을 받는다:<a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="중력">중력</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="전자기력">전자기력</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="약한 상호작용">약한 상호작용</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용">강한 상호작용</a>. 야릇한 쿼크의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="반입자">반입자</a>는 야릇한 쿼크에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="전하">전하</a>와 같은 일부 특성이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%A7%EC%85%88_%EC%97%AD%EC%9B%90" title="덧셈 역원">크기는 같고 부호가 반대</a>인 <b>야한 반쿼크</b>(종종 <i>좀 야한 쿼크</i>라고도 불린다)이다. </p><p><br /> 1947년에 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%BC%ED%95%9C_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="야한 입자 (없는 문서)">야한 입자</a>(야릇한 쿼크를 지니는 입자)가 처음으로 발견되었지만, 야릇한 쿼크(와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크">위 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="아래 쿼크">아래 쿼크</a>) 자체의 존재는 1964년에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B2%94%EB%A7%8C" title="머리 겔만">머리 겔만</a>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%B8%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지 츠바이크 (없는 문서)">조지 츠바이크</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자">강입자</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%84_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="팔정도 (물리학)">팔정도</a> 분류를 설명하기 위해 가설세워졌다. 쿼크의 존재에 대한 첫번째 증거는 1968년에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%A0%ED%98%95_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="스탠퍼드 선형 가속기 센터">스탠퍼드 선형 가속기 센터</a>의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%AC%EC%B8%B5_%EB%B9%84%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1_%EC%82%B0%EB%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="심층 비탄성 산란 (없는 문서)">심층 비탄성 산란</a> 실험에서 나타났다. 이 실험은 팔정도를 설명하기 위해서 위 쿼크와 아래 쿼크, 그리고 그 연장에서 야릇한 쿼크의 존재를 확인시키게 되었다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20세기 초반, 입자 물리학의 초창기에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="양성자">양성자</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="중성자">중성자</a>, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="파이온">파이온</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자">강입자</a>들이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="기본 입자">기본 입자</a>라고 여겨졌다. 하지만 새로운 입자들이 발견됨에 따라 '<a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90_%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%EC%9B%90" title="입자 동물원">입자 동물원</a>'은 1930~1940년 대에 몇 안되던 입자들에서부터 1950년 대에는 수십 개에 달하게 되었다. 일부 입자들은 다른 입자들 보다 수명이 길었지만 대부분의 입자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용">강한 상호작용</a>에 의해 붕괴되어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98%EC%A0%81_%EA%B0%90%EC%87%A0#평균_수명" title="지수적 감쇠">평균 수명</a>이 대략 10<sup>−23</sup> 초 정도 된다. 이 입자들이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="약한 상호작용">약한 상호작용</a>에 의해 붕괴되면 평균 수명이 대략 10<sup>−10</sup> 초 정도 된다. 이 붕괴에 대해서 연구하는 동안 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B2%94%EB%A7%8C" title="머리 겔만">머리 겔만</a>(1953년)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88_%EC%B9%B4%EC%A6%88%ED%9E%88%EC%BD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="니시시마 카즈히코 (없는 문서)">니시시마 카즈히코</a>(1955년)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>는 평균 수명이 긴 입자들의 '기묘함'을 설명하기 위해 <i><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98%EB%8F%84" title="기묘도">기묘도</a></i>(니시시마는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에타 중간자">에타 중간자</a>(<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>η<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>)가 발견된 후, <i>에타-전하</i>(eta-charge)라고 불렀다)의 개념을 발전시켰다. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%94%EB%A7%8C-%EB%8B%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B3%B5%EC%8B%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="겔만-니시시마 공식 (없는 문서)">겔만-니시시마 공식</a>은 이러한 기묘한 붕괴를 이해하기 위한 노력의 결과이다. </p><p>이들의 노고에도 불구하고, 각각의 입자들 간의 관계와 기묘한 속성의 근거가 되는 물리적 기반이 여전히 불분명했다. 1961년에 들어서, 겔만<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%B0%9C_%EB%84%A4%EB%A7%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유발 네만 (없는 문서)">유발 네만</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>은 각각 독자적으로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%84_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="팔정도 (물리학)">팔정도</a>라 불리고 <a href="/wiki/SU(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="SU(3)">SU(3)</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94_%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="맛깔 대칭 (없는 문서)">맛깔 대칭</a>라고도 알려진 강입자 분류 계획을 제안했다. 이 계획은 강입자를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80" title="아이소스핀">아이소스핀 다중항</a>으로 정렬했다. 아이소스핀과 기묘도의 물리학적 근간은 1964년에 겔만<sup id="cite_ref-Gell-Man1964_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gell-Man1964-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%B8%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지 츠바이크 (없는 문서)">조지 츠바이크</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zweig1964a_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zweig1964a-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zweig1964b_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zweig1964b-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>가 독자적으로 그당시 위, 아래, 기묘 쿼크로만 이루어져 있었던 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿼크 모형 (없는 문서)">쿼크 모형</a>을 제안했을 때 설명되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Carithers_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carithers-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 위와 아래 쿼크는 아이소스핀의 전달체이고, 기묘 쿼크는 기묘도를 전달한다. 쿼크 모형이 팔정도를 설명했으나, 쿼크의 직접적인 증거는 1968년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%A0%ED%98%95_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="스탠퍼드 선형 가속기 센터">스탠퍼드 선형 가속기 센터</a>에서 나오기 전까지는 없었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breidenbach_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breidenbach-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%AC%EC%B8%B5_%EB%B9%84%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1_%EC%82%B0%EB%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="심층 비탄성 산란 (없는 문서)">심층 비탄성 산란</a> 실험의 데이터를 설명하기 위해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="양성자">양성자</a>는 세부 구조가 있고, 또한 양성자가 더 기본적인 입자 세 개로 이루어져 있다는 것을 나타내었다. (즉 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿼크 모형 (없는 문서)">쿼크 모형</a>을 인정하는 것이다)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>처음에 사람들은 이 세 입자를 쿼크로 받아들이기보다는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B8%EB%A8%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="리처드 파인먼">리처드 파인먼</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%AA%BD%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="쪽입자">쪽입자</a> 해석을 선호했었지만,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 시간이 흐르면서 쿼크 모형이 점차 받아들여졌다. (<i><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4/%ED%94%84%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="제이/프시 중간자">11월 혁명</a></i> 참고)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿼크 모형 (없는 문서)">쿼크 모형</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기묘 물질 (없는 문서)">기묘 물질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98%EC%B2%B4" title="기묘체">기묘체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="쿼크">쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크">위 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="아래 쿼크">아래 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%B5%EC%8B%9C_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="맵시 쿼크">맵시 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%BC%AD%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="꼭대기 쿼크">꼭대기 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="바닥 쿼크">바닥 쿼크</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PDG2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PDG2012_1-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PDG2012_1-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">J. Beringer (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Particle_Data_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particle Data Group (없는 문서)">Particle Data Group</a>); 외. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512010447/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2012/tables/rpp2012-sum-quarks.pdf">“PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b′, t′, Free)<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Particle_Data_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particle Data Group (없는 문서)">Particle Data Group</a>. 2013년 5월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov/2012/tables/rpp2012-sum-quarks.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2012년 11월 30일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PDGLive+Particle+Summary+%27Quarks+%28u%2C+d%2C+s%2C+c%2C+b%2C+t%2C+b%E2%80%B2%2C+t%E2%80%B2%2C+Free%29%27&rft.pub=Particle+Data+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.au=J.+Beringer+%28Particle+Data+Group%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdg.lbl.gov%2F2012%2Ftables%2Frpp2012-sum-quarks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cohen, Richard E; Giacomo, Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318052346/http://iupap.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/A4.pdf">《Symbols, Units, Nomenclature and Fundamental Constants in Physics》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 2010판. IUPAP. 12쪽. 2015년 3월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iupap.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/A4.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols%2C+Units%2C+Nomenclature+and+Fundamental+Constants+in+Physics&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=2010&rft.pub=IUPAP&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Richard+E&rft.au=Giacomo%2C+Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiupap.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F05%2FA4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McGervey, John D. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=2a94GI0-QF0C&lpg=PA658&dq=%22sideways%20quark%22&pg=PA658#v=onepage&q=%22sideways%20quark%22&f=false">《Introduction to Modern Physics》</a> seco판. New York: Academic Press. 658쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-12-483560-3" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-12-483560-3"><bdi>978-0-12-483560-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Modern+Physics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=658&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-12-483560-3&rft.aulast=McGervey&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2a94GI0-QF0C%26lpg%3DPA658%26dq%3D%2522sideways%2520quark%2522%26pg%3DPA658%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522sideways%2520quark%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">M. Gell-Mann (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1953-11-01_92_3/page/n287">“Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a>》 <b>92</b> (3): 833. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953PhRv...92..833G">1953PhRv...92..833G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.833">10.1103/PhysRev.92.833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Isotopic+Spin+and+New+Unstable+Particles&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=833&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.833&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1953PhRv...92..833G&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_physical-review_1953-11-01_92_3%2Fpage%2Fn287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">G. Johnson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iY0buZJ3kRAC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=Isotopic+Spin+and+New+Unstable+Particles#v=onepage&q=Isotopic%20Spin%20and%20New%20Unstable%20Particles&f=false">《Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics》</a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Random House">Random House</a>. 119쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-679-43764-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-679-43764-2"><bdi>978-0-679-43764-2</bdi></a>. <q>By the end of the summer ... [Gell-Mann] completed his first paper, "Isotopic Spin and Curious Particles" and send it of to <i>Physical Review</i>. The editors hated the title, so he amended it to "Strange Particles". They wouldn't go for that either—never mind that almost everybody used the term—suggesting insteand "Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Beauty%3A+Murray+Gell-Mann+and+the+Revolution+in+Twentieth-Century+Physics&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-679-43764-2&rft.au=G.+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiY0buZJ3kRAC%26pg%3DPA119%26lpg%3DPA119%26dq%3DIsotopic%2BSpin%2Band%2BNew%2BUnstable%2BParticles%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DIsotopic%2520Spin%2520and%2520New%2520Unstable%2520Particles%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">K. Nishijima, Kazuhiko (1955). “Charge Independence Theory of V Particles”. 《<a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Theoretical_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress of Theoretical Physics">Progress of Theoretical Physics</a>》 <b>13</b> (3): 285. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955PThPh..13..285N">1955PThPh..13..285N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1143%2FPTP.13.285">10.1143/PTP.13.285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+of+Theoretical+Physics&rft.atitle=Charge+Independence+Theory+of+V+Particles&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=285&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1143%2FPTP.13.285&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1955PThPh..13..285N&rft.aulast=K.+Nishijima&rft.aufirst=Kazuhiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">M. Gell-Mann (2000) [1964]. 〈The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry〉. M. Gell-Mann, Y. Ne'eman. 《The Eightfold Way》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (없는 문서)">Westview Press</a>. 11쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-7382-0299-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-7382-0299-0"><bdi>978-0-7382-0299-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Eightfold+Way%3A+A+theory+of+strong+interaction+symmetry&rft.btitle=The+Eightfold+Way&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7382-0299-0&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br /> 원 논문: <cite class="citation journal">M. Gell-Mann (1961). “The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synchrotron Laboratory (없는 문서)">Synchrotron Laboratory</a> Report CTSL-20》 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Institute of Technology (없는 문서)">California Institute of Technology</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synchrotron+Laboratory+Report+CTSL-20&rft.atitle=The+Eightfold+Way%3A+A+theory+of+strong+interaction+symmetry&rft.date=1961&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Y. Ne'eman (2000) [1964]. 〈Derivation of strong interactions from gauge invariance〉. M. Gell-Mann, Y. Ne'eman. 《The Eightfold Way》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (없는 문서)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-7382-0299-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-7382-0299-0"><bdi>978-0-7382-0299-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+strong+interactions+from+gauge+invariance&rft.btitle=The+Eightfold+Way&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7382-0299-0&rft.au=Y.+Ne%27eman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br />원 논문: <cite class="citation journal">Y. Ne'eman (1961). “Derivation of strong interactions from gauge invariance”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Physics_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Physics (journal) (없는 문서)">Nuclear Physics</a>》 <b>26</b> (2): 222. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961NucPh..26..222N">1961NucPh..26..222N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0029-5582%2861%2990134-1">10.1016/0029-5582(61)90134-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+strong+interactions+from+gauge+invariance&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=222&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0029-5582%2861%2990134-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961NucPh..26..222N&rft.au=Y.+Ne%27eman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gell-Man1964-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gell-Man1964_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">M. Gell-Mann (1964). “A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics Letters (없는 문서)">Physics Letters</a>》 <b>8</b> (3): 214–215. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhL.....8..214G">1964PhL.....8..214G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3">10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Letters&rft.atitle=A+Schematic+Model+of+Baryons+and+Mesons&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=214-215&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhL.....8..214G&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zweig1964a-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zweig1964a_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">G. Zweig (1964). “An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking”. 《CERN Report No.8181/Th 8419》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Report+No.8181%2FTh+8419&rft.atitle=An+SU%283%29+Model+for+Strong+Interaction+Symmetry+and+its+Breaking&rft.date=1964&rft.au=G.+Zweig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zweig1964b-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zweig1964b_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">G. Zweig (1964). “An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking: II”. 《CERN Report No.8419/Th 8412》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Report+No.8419%2FTh+8412&rft.atitle=An+SU%283%29+Model+for+Strong+Interaction+Symmetry+and+its+Breaking%3A+II&rft.date=1964&rft.au=G.+Zweig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carithers-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Carithers_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">B. Carithers, P. Grannis (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/beamline/25/3/25-3-carithers.pdf">“Discovery of the Top Quark”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_Line_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beam Line (journal) (없는 문서)">Beam Line</a>》 <b>25</b> (3): 4–16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 9월 23일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beam+Line&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+the+Top+Quark&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-16&rft.date=1995&rft.au=B.+Carithers%2C+P.+Grannis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slac.stanford.edu%2Fpubs%2Fbeamline%2F25%2F3%2F25-3-carithers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">E. D. Bloom; Coward, D.; Destaebler, H.; Drees, J.; Miller, G.; Mo, L.; Taylor, R.; Breidenbach, M.; 외. (1969). “High-Energy Inelastic <i>e</i>–<i>p</i> Scattering at 6° and 10°”. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>》 <b>23</b> (16): 930–934. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..23..930B">1969PhRvL..23..930B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.930">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=High-Energy+Inelastic+e%E2%80%93p+Scattering+at+6%C2%B0+and+10%C2%B0&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=930-934&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.930&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..23..930B&rft.au=E.+D.+Bloom&rft.au=Coward%2C+D.&rft.au=Destaebler%2C+H.&rft.au=Drees%2C+J.&rft.au=Miller%2C+G.&rft.au=Mo%2C+L.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rft.au=Breidenbach%2C+M.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+J.&rft.au=Hartmann%2C+G.&rft.au=Kendall%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_et_al.%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" title="분류:CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breidenbach-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Breidenbach_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">M. Breidenbach; Friedman, J.; Kendall, H.; Bloom, E.; Coward, D.; Destaebler, H.; Drees, J.; Mo, L.; Taylor, R.; 외. (1969). “Observed Behavior of Highly Inelastic Electron–Proton Scattering”. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>》 <b>23</b> (16): 935–939. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..23..935B">1969PhRvL..23..935B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.935">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Observed+Behavior+of+Highly+Inelastic+Electron%E2%80%93Proton+Scattering&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=935-939&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.935&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..23..935B&rft.au=M.+Breidenbach&rft.au=Friedman%2C+J.&rft.au=Kendall%2C+H.&rft.au=Bloom%2C+E.&rft.au=Coward%2C+D.&rft.au=Destaebler%2C+H.&rft.au=Drees%2C+J.&rft.au=Mo%2C+L.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">J. I. Friedman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225093044/http://www.hueuni.edu.vn/hueuni/en/news_detail.php?NewsID=1606&PHPSESSID=909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72">“The Road to the Nobel Prize”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hue_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hue University (없는 문서)">Hue University</a>. 2008년 12월 25일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hueuni.edu.vn/hueuni/en/news_detail.php?NewsID=1606&PHPSESSID=909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 9월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+the+Nobel+Prize&rft.pub=Hue+University&rft.au=J.+I.+Friedman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hueuni.edu.vn%2Fhueuni%2Fen%2Fnews_detail.php%3FNewsID%3D1606%26PHPSESSID%3D909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">R. P. Feynman (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3871/1/FEYprl69.pdf">“Very High-Energy Collisions of Hadrons”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>》 <b>23</b> (24): 1415–1417. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..23.1415F">1969PhRvL..23.1415F</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.1415">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.1415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Very+High-Energy+Collisions+of+Hadrons&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=1415-1417&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.1415&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..23.1415F&rft.au=R.+P.+Feynman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauthors.library.caltech.edu%2F3871%2F1%2FFEYprl69.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">S. Kretzer; Lai, H.; Olness, Fredrick; Tung, W.; 외. (2004). “CTEQ6 Parton Distributions with Heavy Quark Mass Effects”. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review D">Physical Review D</a>》 <b>69</b> (11): 114005. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0307022">hep-th/0307022</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvD..69k4005K">2004PhRvD..69k4005K</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.114005">10.1103/PhysRevD.69.114005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.atitle=CTEQ6+Parton+Distributions+with+Heavy+Quark+Mass+Effects&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=114005&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fhep-th%2F0307022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.114005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PhRvD..69k4005K&rft.au=S.+Kretzer&rft.au=Lai%2C+H.&rft.au=Olness%2C+Fredrick&rft.au=Tung%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">D. J. Griffiths (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4">《Introduction to Elementary Particles》</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (없는 문서)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4/page/n53">42</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-471-60386-3" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-471-60386-3"><bdi>978-0-471-60386-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Elementary+Particles&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-471-60386-3&rft.au=D.+J.+Griffiths&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoel0000grif_o7r4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">M. E. Peskin, D. V. Schroeder (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000pesk">《An introduction to quantum field theory》</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Addison%E2%80%93Wesley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addison–Wesley (없는 문서)">Addison–Wesley</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000pesk/page/n581">556</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-201-50397-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-201-50397-5"><bdi>978-0-201-50397-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+quantum+field+theory&rft.pages=556&rft.pub=Addison%E2%80%93Wesley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-201-50397-5&rft.au=M.+E.+Peskin%2C+D.+V.+Schroeder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoqu0000pesk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="더_알아_보기"><span id=".EB.8D.94_.EC.95.8C.EC.95.84_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>더 알아 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 더 알아 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">R. Nave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/quark.html">“Quarks”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=HyperPhysics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HyperPhysics (없는 문서)">HyperPhysics</a>》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia State University (없는 문서)">Georgia State University</a>, Department of Physics and Astronomy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 6월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HyperPhysics&rft.atitle=Quarks&rft.au=R.+Nave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fhbase%2FParticles%2Fquark.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">A. Pickering (1984). 《Constructing Quarks》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (없는 문서)">University of Chicago Press</a>. 114–125쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-226-66799-7" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-226-66799-7"><bdi>978-0-226-66799-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Quarks&rft.pages=114-125&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-226-66799-7&rft.au=A.+Pickering&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output 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title="바닥 쿼크">바닥(b)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%99%ED%86%A4" title="렙톤">렙톤</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="전자">전자</a>(e<sup>−</sup>)/<a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="양전자">양전자</a>(e<sup>+</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8" title="뮤온">뮤온</a>(μ<sup>−</sup>/μ<sup>+</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="타우 입자">타우 입자</a>(τ<sup>−</sup>/τ<sup>+</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="중성미자">중성미자</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="전자 중성미자">전자 중성미자</a>/<a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="전자 반중성미자">전자 반중성미자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="뮤온 중성미자">뮤온 중성미자</a>/<a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="뮤온 반중성미자">뮤온 반중성미자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="타우 중성미자">타우 중성미자</a>/<a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="타우 반중성미자">타우 반중성미자</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="보손">보손</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="게이지 보손">게이지 보손</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%9E%90" title="광자">광자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%EC%99%80_Z%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="W와 Z보손">W · Z보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A8" title="글루온">글루온</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="스칼라 보손">스칼라 보손</a>(<a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="힉스 보손">힉스 보손</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;">미관측 입자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="대통일 이론">대통일 이론</a> 등</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8" title="액시온">액시온(A<sup>0</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%94%EB%A1%A0" title="마요론">마요론(J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%EC%99%80_Y%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="X와 Y보손">X · Y보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%27_Z%27_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="W' Z' 보손">W' · Z' 보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="비활성 중성미자">비활성 중성미자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0_%ED%99%80%EA%B7%B9" title="자기 홀극">자기 홀극</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%BB%AC%EB%9F%AC_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="테크니컬러 (물리학)">테크니컬러</a> 관련 입자</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD%EC%A7%9D" title="초대칭짝">초대칭짝</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8" title="게이지노">게이지노</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%85%B8" title="글루이노">글루이노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="중력미자">중력미자</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8" title="골드스티노">골드스티노</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="뉴트랄리노">뉴트랄리노</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8" title="포티노">포티노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8" title="힉시노">힉시노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="지노">지노</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8" title="차지노">차지노</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="위노">위노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8" title="힉시노">힉시노</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%89%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8" title="색시온">색시온</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8" title="액시노">액시노</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%A8" title="스페르미온">스페르미온</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스쿼크">스쿼크</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 위 쿼크">스칼라 위 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 아래 쿼크">스칼라 아래 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A7%B5%EC%8B%9C_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 맵시 쿼크">스칼라 맵시 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 기묘 쿼크">스칼라 기묘 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EA%BC%AD%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 꼭대기 쿼크">스칼라 꼭대기 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 바닥 쿼크">스칼라 바닥 쿼크</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A0%99%ED%86%A4" title="슬렙톤">슬렙톤</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%97%98%EB%A0%89%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A0" title="스엘렉트론">스엘렉트론</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8" title="스뮤온">스뮤온</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%98%A8" title="스타우온">스타우온</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="스뉴트리노">스뉴트리노</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EC%8A%A4%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="스뮤온 스뉴트리노">스뮤온 스뉴트리노</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EC%8A%A4%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="스타우 스뉴트리노">스타우 스뉴트리노</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="양자 중력">양자 중력</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%81%88_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="끈 이론">끈 이론</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9E%90" title="중력자">중력자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%9C%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A4" title="딜라톤">딜라톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EC%98%A8" title="라디온">라디온(중력스칼라)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EA%B4%91%EC%9E%90" title="중력광자">중력광자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%A0%B9_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유령 입자 (없는 문서)">유령 입자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="골드스톤 보손">골드스톤 보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%ED%82%A4%EC%98%A8" title="타키온">타키온</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="순간자">순간자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="합성 입자">합성 입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자">강입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="중입자">중입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%9E%90" title="핵자">핵자(N)</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="양성자">양성자(p)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="중성자">중성자(n)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B8%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="델타 중입자">Δ(델타)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%8C%EB%8B%A4_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="람다 중입자">Λ(람다)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="시그마 중입자">Σ(시그마)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="크시 중입자">Ξ(크시)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="오메가 중입자">Ω(오메가)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94" title="맛깔">맛깔</a>없는 가벼운 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자">중간자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="파이 중간자">π(파이온)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="로 중간자">ρ(로)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에타 중간자">η(에타)·η′(에타 프라임)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="피 중간자">φ(피)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="오메가 중간자">ω(오메가)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에이 중간자">a(에이)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90_%EB%B9%84_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="소문자 비 중간자">b(비)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%94%84_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에프 중간자">f(에프)·f′(에프 프라임)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에이치 중간자">h(에이치)·h′(에이치 프라임)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94" title="맛깔">맛깔</a>없는 무거운 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자">중간자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4/%ED%94%84%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="제이/프시 중간자">J/ψ(제이/프시)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%A0_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="입실론 중간자">ϒ(입실론)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="세타 중간자">θ(세타)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="키 중간자">χ(키)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에타 중간자">η<sub>c/b/t</sub>(에타 쿼코늄)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에이치 중간자">h<sub>c/b/t</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94" title="맛깔">맛깔</a>있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자">중간자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="케이 중간자">K(케이온)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="디 중간자">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="비 중간자">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%B0_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="티 중간자">T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%ED%95%B5" title="원자핵">원자핵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="분자">분자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%84%EB%82%9C_%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="별난 원자">별난 원자</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%8A%84" title="오늄">오늄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%A7%80%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%8A%84" title="포지트로늄">포지트로늄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A4%EB%8A%84" title="뮤오늄">뮤오늄</a> 등</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%ED%83%80%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="펜타쿼크">펜타쿼크</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;">미관측 입자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="테트라쿼크">테트라쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EB%B3%BC" title="글루볼">글루볼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="중간자 분자 (없는 문서)">중간자 분자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="준입자">준입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%94%EB%A6%AC%ED%86%A4" title="솔리톤">솔리톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%91%EC%8B%9C%ED%86%A4" title="엑시톤">엑시톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%85%BC" title="마그논">마그논</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%ED%96%A5%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="음향양자">포논</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%AC" title="플라스몬">플라스몬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%86%A4" title="폴라리톤">폴라리톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="폴라론">폴라론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A4" title="로톤">로톤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">목록</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D#가설_입자" class="mw-redirect" title="입자의 목록">기타 가설 입자</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사_2"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC_2"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20세기 초반, 입자 물리학의 초창기에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="양성자">양성자</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="중성자">중성자</a>, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="파이온">파이온</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자">강입자</a>들이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="기본 입자">기본 입자</a>라고 여겨졌다. 하지만 새로운 입자들이 발견됨에 따라 '<a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90_%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%EC%9B%90" title="입자 동물원">입자 동물원</a>'은 1930~1940년 대에 몇 안되던 입자들에서부터 1950년 대에는 수십 개에 달하게 되었다. 일부 입자들은 다른 입자들 보다 수명이 길었지만 대부분의 입자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용">강한 상호작용</a>에 의해 붕괴되어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98%EC%A0%81_%EA%B0%90%EC%87%A0#평균_수명" title="지수적 감쇠">평균 수명</a>이 대략 10<sup>−23</sup> 초 정도 된다. 이 입자들이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="약한 상호작용">약한 상호작용</a>에 의해 붕괴되면 평균 수명이 대략 10<sup>−10</sup> 초 정도 된다. 이 붕괴에 대해서 연구하는 동안 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B2%94%EB%A7%8C" title="머리 겔만">머리 겔만</a>(1953년)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88_%EC%B9%B4%EC%A6%88%ED%9E%88%EC%BD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="니시시마 카즈히코 (없는 문서)">니시시마 카즈히코</a>(1955년)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>는 평균 수명이 긴 입자들의 '기묘함'을 설명하기 위해 <i><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98%EB%8F%84" title="기묘도">기묘도</a></i>(니시시마는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에타 중간자">에타 중간자</a>(<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>η<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>)가 발견된 후, <i>에타-전하</i>(eta-charge)라고 불렀다)의 개념을 발전시켰다. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%94%EB%A7%8C-%EB%8B%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B3%B5%EC%8B%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="겔만-니시시마 공식 (없는 문서)">겔만-니시시마 공식</a>은 이러한 기묘한 붕괴를 이해하기 위한 노력의 결과이다. </p><p>이들의 노고에도 불구하고, 각각의 입자들 간의 관계와 기묘한 속성의 근거가 되는 물리적 기반이 여전히 불분명했다. 1961년에 들어서, 겔만<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%B0%9C_%EB%84%A4%EB%A7%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유발 네만 (없는 문서)">유발 네만</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>은 각각 독자적으로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%84_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="팔정도 (물리학)">팔정도</a>라 불리고 <a href="/wiki/SU(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="SU(3)">SU(3)</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94_%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="맛깔 대칭 (없는 문서)">맛깔 대칭</a>라고도 알려진 강입자 분류 계획을 제안했다. 이 계획은 강입자를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80" title="아이소스핀">아이소스핀 다중항</a>으로 정렬했다. 아이소스핀과 기묘도의 물리학적 근간은 1964년에 겔만<sup id="cite_ref-Gell-Man1964_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gell-Man1964-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%B8%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지 츠바이크 (없는 문서)">조지 츠바이크</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zweig1964a_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zweig1964a-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zweig1964b_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zweig1964b-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>가 독자적으로 그당시 위, 아래, 기묘 쿼크로만 이루어져 있었던 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿼크 모형 (없는 문서)">쿼크 모형</a>을 제안했을 때 설명되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Carithers_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carithers-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 위와 아래 쿼크는 아이소스핀의 전달체이고, 기묘 쿼크는 기묘도를 전달한다. 쿼크 모형이 팔정도를 설명했으나, 쿼크의 직접적인 증거는 1968년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%A0%ED%98%95_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="스탠퍼드 선형 가속기 센터">스탠퍼드 선형 가속기 센터</a>에서 나오기 전까지는 없었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breidenbach_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breidenbach-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%AC%EC%B8%B5_%EB%B9%84%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1_%EC%82%B0%EB%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="심층 비탄성 산란 (없는 문서)">심층 비탄성 산란</a> 실험의 데이터를 설명하기 위해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="양성자">양성자</a>는 세부 구조가 있고, 또한 양성자가 더 기본적인 입자 세 개로 이루어져 있다는 것을 나타내었다. (즉 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿼크 모형 (없는 문서)">쿼크 모형</a>을 인정하는 것이다)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>처음에 사람들은 이 세 입자를 쿼크로 받아들이기보다는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B8%EB%A8%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="리처드 파인먼">리처드 파인먼</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%AA%BD%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="쪽입자">쪽입자</a> 해석을 선호했었지만,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 시간이 흐르면서 쿼크 모형이 점차 받아들여졌다. (<i><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4/%ED%94%84%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="제이/프시 중간자">11월 혁명</a></i> 참고)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기_2"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0_2"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿼크 모형 (없는 문서)">쿼크 모형</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기묘 물질 (없는 문서)">기묘 물질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98%EC%B2%B4" title="기묘체">기묘체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="쿼크">쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크">위 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="아래 쿼크">아래 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%B5%EC%8B%9C_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="맵시 쿼크">맵시 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%BC%AD%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="꼭대기 쿼크">꼭대기 쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="바닥 쿼크">바닥 쿼크</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r35556958"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">M. Gell-Mann (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1953-11-01_92_3/page/n287">“Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a>》 <b>92</b> (3): 833. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953PhRv...92..833G">1953PhRv...92..833G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.833">10.1103/PhysRev.92.833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Isotopic+Spin+and+New+Unstable+Particles&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=833&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.833&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1953PhRv...92..833G&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_physical-review_1953-11-01_92_3%2Fpage%2Fn287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">G. Johnson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iY0buZJ3kRAC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=Isotopic+Spin+and+New+Unstable+Particles#v=onepage&q=Isotopic%20Spin%20and%20New%20Unstable%20Particles&f=false">《Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics》</a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Random House">Random House</a>. 119쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-679-43764-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-679-43764-2"><bdi>978-0-679-43764-2</bdi></a>. <q>By the end of the summer ... [Gell-Mann] completed his first paper, "Isotopic Spin and Curious Particles" and send it of to <i>Physical Review</i>. The editors hated the title, so he amended it to "Strange Particles". They wouldn't go for that either—never mind that almost everybody used the term—suggesting insteand "Isotopic Spin and New Unstable Particles".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Beauty%3A+Murray+Gell-Mann+and+the+Revolution+in+Twentieth-Century+Physics&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-679-43764-2&rft.au=G.+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiY0buZJ3kRAC%26pg%3DPA119%26lpg%3DPA119%26dq%3DIsotopic%2BSpin%2Band%2BNew%2BUnstable%2BParticles%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DIsotopic%2520Spin%2520and%2520New%2520Unstable%2520Particles%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">K. Nishijima, Kazuhiko (1955). “Charge Independence Theory of V Particles”. 《<a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Theoretical_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress of Theoretical Physics">Progress of Theoretical Physics</a>》 <b>13</b> (3): 285. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955PThPh..13..285N">1955PThPh..13..285N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1143%2FPTP.13.285">10.1143/PTP.13.285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+of+Theoretical+Physics&rft.atitle=Charge+Independence+Theory+of+V+Particles&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=285&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1143%2FPTP.13.285&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1955PThPh..13..285N&rft.aulast=K.+Nishijima&rft.aufirst=Kazuhiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">M. Gell-Mann (2000) [1964]. 〈The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry〉. M. Gell-Mann, Y. Ne'eman. 《The Eightfold Way》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (없는 문서)">Westview Press</a>. 11쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-7382-0299-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-7382-0299-0"><bdi>978-0-7382-0299-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Eightfold+Way%3A+A+theory+of+strong+interaction+symmetry&rft.btitle=The+Eightfold+Way&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7382-0299-0&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br /> 원 논문: <cite class="citation journal">M. Gell-Mann (1961). “The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synchrotron Laboratory (없는 문서)">Synchrotron Laboratory</a> Report CTSL-20》 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Institute of Technology (없는 문서)">California Institute of Technology</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synchrotron+Laboratory+Report+CTSL-20&rft.atitle=The+Eightfold+Way%3A+A+theory+of+strong+interaction+symmetry&rft.date=1961&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Y. Ne'eman (2000) [1964]. 〈Derivation of strong interactions from gauge invariance〉. M. Gell-Mann, Y. Ne'eman. 《The Eightfold Way》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (없는 문서)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-7382-0299-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-7382-0299-0"><bdi>978-0-7382-0299-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+strong+interactions+from+gauge+invariance&rft.btitle=The+Eightfold+Way&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7382-0299-0&rft.au=Y.+Ne%27eman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br />원 논문: <cite class="citation journal">Y. Ne'eman (1961). “Derivation of strong interactions from gauge invariance”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Physics_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Physics (journal) (없는 문서)">Nuclear Physics</a>》 <b>26</b> (2): 222. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961NucPh..26..222N">1961NucPh..26..222N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0029-5582%2861%2990134-1">10.1016/0029-5582(61)90134-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics&rft.atitle=Derivation+of+strong+interactions+from+gauge+invariance&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=222&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0029-5582%2861%2990134-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961NucPh..26..222N&rft.au=Y.+Ne%27eman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gell-Man1964-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gell-Man1964_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">M. Gell-Mann (1964). “A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics Letters (없는 문서)">Physics Letters</a>》 <b>8</b> (3): 214–215. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhL.....8..214G">1964PhL.....8..214G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3">10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Letters&rft.atitle=A+Schematic+Model+of+Baryons+and+Mesons&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=214-215&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0031-9163%2864%2992001-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhL.....8..214G&rft.au=M.+Gell-Mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zweig1964a-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zweig1964a_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">G. Zweig (1964). “An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking”. 《CERN Report No.8181/Th 8419》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Report+No.8181%2FTh+8419&rft.atitle=An+SU%283%29+Model+for+Strong+Interaction+Symmetry+and+its+Breaking&rft.date=1964&rft.au=G.+Zweig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zweig1964b-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zweig1964b_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">G. Zweig (1964). “An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking: II”. 《CERN Report No.8419/Th 8412》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Report+No.8419%2FTh+8412&rft.atitle=An+SU%283%29+Model+for+Strong+Interaction+Symmetry+and+its+Breaking%3A+II&rft.date=1964&rft.au=G.+Zweig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carithers-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Carithers_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">B. Carithers, P. Grannis (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/beamline/25/3/25-3-carithers.pdf">“Discovery of the Top Quark”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_Line_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beam Line (journal) (없는 문서)">Beam Line</a>》 <b>25</b> (3): 4–16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 9월 23일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beam+Line&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+the+Top+Quark&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-16&rft.date=1995&rft.au=B.+Carithers%2C+P.+Grannis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slac.stanford.edu%2Fpubs%2Fbeamline%2F25%2F3%2F25-3-carithers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">E. D. Bloom; Coward, D.; Destaebler, H.; Drees, J.; Miller, G.; Mo, L.; Taylor, R.; Breidenbach, M.; 외. (1969). “High-Energy Inelastic <i>e</i>–<i>p</i> Scattering at 6° and 10°”. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>》 <b>23</b> (16): 930–934. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..23..930B">1969PhRvL..23..930B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.930">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=High-Energy+Inelastic+e%E2%80%93p+Scattering+at+6%C2%B0+and+10%C2%B0&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=930-934&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.930&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..23..930B&rft.au=E.+D.+Bloom&rft.au=Coward%2C+D.&rft.au=Destaebler%2C+H.&rft.au=Drees%2C+J.&rft.au=Miller%2C+G.&rft.au=Mo%2C+L.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rft.au=Breidenbach%2C+M.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+J.&rft.au=Hartmann%2C+G.&rft.au=Kendall%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_et_al.%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" title="분류:CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breidenbach-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Breidenbach_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">M. Breidenbach; Friedman, J.; Kendall, H.; Bloom, E.; Coward, D.; Destaebler, H.; Drees, J.; Mo, L.; Taylor, R.; 외. (1969). “Observed Behavior of Highly Inelastic Electron–Proton Scattering”. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>》 <b>23</b> (16): 935–939. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..23..935B">1969PhRvL..23..935B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.935">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Observed+Behavior+of+Highly+Inelastic+Electron%E2%80%93Proton+Scattering&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=935-939&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.935&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..23..935B&rft.au=M.+Breidenbach&rft.au=Friedman%2C+J.&rft.au=Kendall%2C+H.&rft.au=Bloom%2C+E.&rft.au=Coward%2C+D.&rft.au=Destaebler%2C+H.&rft.au=Drees%2C+J.&rft.au=Mo%2C+L.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">J. I. Friedman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225093044/http://www.hueuni.edu.vn/hueuni/en/news_detail.php?NewsID=1606&PHPSESSID=909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72">“The Road to the Nobel Prize”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hue_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hue University (없는 문서)">Hue University</a>. 2008년 12월 25일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hueuni.edu.vn/hueuni/en/news_detail.php?NewsID=1606&PHPSESSID=909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 9월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+the+Nobel+Prize&rft.pub=Hue+University&rft.au=J.+I.+Friedman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hueuni.edu.vn%2Fhueuni%2Fen%2Fnews_detail.php%3FNewsID%3D1606%26PHPSESSID%3D909807ffc5b9c0288cc8d137ff063c72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">R. P. Feynman (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3871/1/FEYprl69.pdf">“Very High-Energy Collisions of Hadrons”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>》 <b>23</b> (24): 1415–1417. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..23.1415F">1969PhRvL..23.1415F</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.1415">10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.1415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Very+High-Energy+Collisions+of+Hadrons&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=1415-1417&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.23.1415&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..23.1415F&rft.au=R.+P.+Feynman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauthors.library.caltech.edu%2F3871%2F1%2FFEYprl69.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">S. Kretzer; Lai, H.; Olness, Fredrick; Tung, W.; 외. (2004). “CTEQ6 Parton Distributions with Heavy Quark Mass Effects”. 《<a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review D">Physical Review D</a>》 <b>69</b> (11): 114005. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0307022">hep-th/0307022</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvD..69k4005K">2004PhRvD..69k4005K</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.114005">10.1103/PhysRevD.69.114005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.atitle=CTEQ6+Parton+Distributions+with+Heavy+Quark+Mass+Effects&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=114005&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fhep-th%2F0307022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.69.114005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PhRvD..69k4005K&rft.au=S.+Kretzer&rft.au=Lai%2C+H.&rft.au=Olness%2C+Fredrick&rft.au=Tung%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">D. J. Griffiths (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4">《Introduction to Elementary Particles》</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (없는 문서)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4/page/n53">42</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-471-60386-3" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-471-60386-3"><bdi>978-0-471-60386-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Elementary+Particles&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-471-60386-3&rft.au=D.+J.+Griffiths&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoel0000grif_o7r4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">M. E. Peskin, D. V. Schroeder (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000pesk">《An introduction to quantum field theory》</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Addison%E2%80%93Wesley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addison–Wesley (없는 문서)">Addison–Wesley</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000pesk/page/n581">556</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-201-50397-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-201-50397-5"><bdi>978-0-201-50397-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+quantum+field+theory&rft.pages=556&rft.pub=Addison%E2%80%93Wesley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-201-50397-5&rft.au=M.+E.+Peskin%2C+D.+V.+Schroeder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoqu0000pesk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="추가_문헌"><span id=".EC.B6.94.EA.B0.80_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>추가 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 추가 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">R. Nave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/quark.html">“Quarks”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=HyperPhysics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HyperPhysics (없는 문서)">HyperPhysics</a>》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia State University (없는 문서)">Georgia State University</a>, Department of Physics and Astronomy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 6월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HyperPhysics&rft.atitle=Quarks&rft.au=R.+Nave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fhbase%2FParticles%2Fquark.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">A. Pickering (1984). 《Constructing Quarks》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (없는 문서)">University of Chicago Press</a>. 114–125쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-226-66799-7" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-226-66799-7"><bdi>978-0-226-66799-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Quarks&rft.pages=114-125&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-226-66799-7&rft.au=A.+Pickering&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98+%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%A8" title="페르미온">페르미온</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="쿼크">쿼크</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크">위(u)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="아래 쿼크">아래(d)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%B5%EC%8B%9C_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="맵시 쿼크">맵시(c)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">기묘(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%BC%AD%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="꼭대기 쿼크">꼭대기(t)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="바닥 쿼크">바닥(b)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%99%ED%86%A4" title="렙톤">렙톤</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="전자">전자</a>(e<sup>−</sup>)/<a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="양전자">양전자</a>(e<sup>+</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8" title="뮤온">뮤온</a>(μ<sup>−</sup>/μ<sup>+</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="타우 입자">타우 입자</a>(τ<sup>−</sup>/τ<sup>+</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="중성미자">중성미자</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="전자 중성미자">전자 중성미자</a>/<a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="전자 반중성미자">전자 반중성미자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="뮤온 중성미자">뮤온 중성미자</a>/<a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="뮤온 반중성미자">뮤온 반중성미자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="타우 중성미자">타우 중성미자</a>/<a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="타우 반중성미자">타우 반중성미자</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="보손">보손</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="게이지 보손">게이지 보손</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%9E%90" title="광자">광자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%EC%99%80_Z%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="W와 Z보손">W · Z보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A8" title="글루온">글루온</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="스칼라 보손">스칼라 보손</a>(<a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="힉스 보손">힉스 보손</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;">미관측 입자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="대통일 이론">대통일 이론</a> 등</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8" title="액시온">액시온(A<sup>0</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%94%EB%A1%A0" title="마요론">마요론(J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%EC%99%80_Y%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="X와 Y보손">X · Y보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%27_Z%27_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="W' Z' 보손">W' · Z' 보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="비활성 중성미자">비활성 중성미자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0_%ED%99%80%EA%B7%B9" title="자기 홀극">자기 홀극</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%BB%AC%EB%9F%AC_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="테크니컬러 (물리학)">테크니컬러</a> 관련 입자</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD%EC%A7%9D" title="초대칭짝">초대칭짝</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8" title="게이지노">게이지노</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%85%B8" title="글루이노">글루이노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="중력미자">중력미자</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8" title="골드스티노">골드스티노</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="뉴트랄리노">뉴트랄리노</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8" title="포티노">포티노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8" title="힉시노">힉시노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="지노">지노</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8" title="차지노">차지노</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="위노">위노</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8" title="힉시노">힉시노</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%89%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8" title="색시온">색시온</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8" title="액시노">액시노</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%A8" title="스페르미온">스페르미온</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스쿼크">스쿼크</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 위 쿼크">스칼라 위 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 아래 쿼크">스칼라 아래 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A7%B5%EC%8B%9C_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 맵시 쿼크">스칼라 맵시 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%98_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 기묘 쿼크">스칼라 기묘 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EA%BC%AD%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 꼭대기 쿼크">스칼라 꼭대기 쿼크</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="스칼라 바닥 쿼크">스칼라 바닥 쿼크</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A0%99%ED%86%A4" title="슬렙톤">슬렙톤</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%97%98%EB%A0%89%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A0" title="스엘렉트론">스엘렉트론</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8" title="스뮤온">스뮤온</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%98%A8" title="스타우온">스타우온</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="스뉴트리노">스뉴트리노</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EC%8A%A4%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="스뮤온 스뉴트리노">스뮤온 스뉴트리노</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0_%EC%8A%A4%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8" title="스타우 스뉴트리노">스타우 스뉴트리노</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="양자 중력">양자 중력</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%81%88_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="끈 이론">끈 이론</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9E%90" title="중력자">중력자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%9C%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A4" title="딜라톤">딜라톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EC%98%A8" title="라디온">라디온(중력스칼라)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EA%B4%91%EC%9E%90" title="중력광자">중력광자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;font-weight:normal;">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%A0%B9_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유령 입자 (없는 문서)">유령 입자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4_%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="골드스톤 보손">골드스톤 보손</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%ED%82%A4%EC%98%A8" title="타키온">타키온</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="순간자">순간자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="합성 입자">합성 입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자">강입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="중입자">중입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%9E%90" title="핵자">핵자(N)</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="양성자">양성자(p)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="중성자">중성자(n)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B8%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="델타 중입자">Δ(델타)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%8C%EB%8B%A4_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="람다 중입자">Λ(람다)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="시그마 중입자">Σ(시그마)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="크시 중입자">Ξ(크시)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%A4%91%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="오메가 중입자">Ω(오메가)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94" title="맛깔">맛깔</a>없는 가벼운 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자">중간자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="파이 중간자">π(파이온)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="로 중간자">ρ(로)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에타 중간자">η(에타)·η′(에타 프라임)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="피 중간자">φ(피)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="오메가 중간자">ω(오메가)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에이 중간자">a(에이)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90_%EB%B9%84_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="소문자 비 중간자">b(비)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%94%84_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에프 중간자">f(에프)·f′(에프 프라임)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에이치 중간자">h(에이치)·h′(에이치 프라임)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94" title="맛깔">맛깔</a>없는 무거운 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자">중간자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4/%ED%94%84%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="제이/프시 중간자">J/ψ(제이/프시)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%8B%A4%EB%A1%A0_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="입실론 중간자">ϒ(입실론)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="세타 중간자">θ(세타)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="키 중간자">χ(키)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%83%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에타 중간자">η<sub>c/b/t</sub>(에타 쿼코늄)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="에이치 중간자">h<sub>c/b/t</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9B%EA%B9%94" title="맛깔">맛깔</a>있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자">중간자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="케이 중간자">K(케이온)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="디 중간자">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="비 중간자">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%B0_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="티 중간자">T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%ED%95%B5" title="원자핵">원자핵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="분자">분자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%84%EB%82%9C_%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="별난 원자">별난 원자</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%8A%84" title="오늄">오늄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%A7%80%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%8A%84" title="포지트로늄">포지트로늄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A4%EB%8A%84" title="뮤오늄">뮤오늄</a> 등</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%ED%83%80%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="펜타쿼크">펜타쿼크</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8em;font-weight:normal;">미관측 입자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="테트라쿼크">테트라쿼크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EB%B3%BC" title="글루볼">글루볼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="중간자 분자 (없는 문서)">중간자 분자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="준입자">준입자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%94%EB%A6%AC%ED%86%A4" title="솔리톤">솔리톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%91%EC%8B%9C%ED%86%A4" title="엑시톤">엑시톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%85%BC" title="마그논">마그논</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%ED%96%A5%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="음향양자">포논</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%AC" title="플라스몬">플라스몬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%86%A4" title="폴라리톤">폴라리톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="폴라론">폴라론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A4" title="로톤">로톤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">목록</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D#가설_입자" class="mw-redirect" title="입자의 목록">기타 가설 입자</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a>: 국가 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6763#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4346665-5">독일</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" 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관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P18%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P227%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P227을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P227을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P7859%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:영어 표기를 포함한 문서">영어 표기를 포함한 문서</a></li><li><a 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