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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specifiche-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Specifiche</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specifiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_JEDEC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_JEDEC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Standard JEDEC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_JEDEC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifiche_non_conformi_allo_standard_JEDEC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifiche_non_conformi_allo_standard_JEDEC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Specifiche non conformi allo standard JEDEC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifiche_non_conformi_allo_standard_JEDEC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architettura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architettura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architettura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architettura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DDR SDRAM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 32 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A.%D8%AF%D9%8A.%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3.%D8%AF%D9%8A.%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ذاكرة دي.دي.آر اس.دي.رام - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذاكرة دي.دي.آر اس.دي.رام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR-SDRAM" title="DDR-SDRAM - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DDR-SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR-SDRAM" title="DDR-SDRAM - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="DDR-SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ഡിഡിആർ എസ്ഡിറാം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡിഡിആർ എസ്ഡിറാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="ดีดีอาร์ เอสดีแรม - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดีดีอาร์ เอสดีแรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR-SDRAM" title="DDR-SDRAM - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="DDR-SDRAM" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="DDR SDRAM" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333914#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div 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.avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento memorie informatiche <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg/310px-RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg/465px-RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg/620px-RAM_module_SDRAM_1GiB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>Modulo di memoria DDR SDRAM da 1 <a href="/wiki/Gibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibibyte">GB</a> PC2700</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Informatica" title="Informatica">informatica</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Elettronica" title="Elettronica">elettronica</a> una <b>DDR SDRAM</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acronimo" title="Acronimo">acronimo</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> <i>Double Data Rate <a href="/wiki/SDRAM" title="SDRAM">Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory</a></i>, <abbr title="letteralmente">lett.</abbr> "memoria dinamica ad accesso casuale sincrona a doppia velocità") è un tipo di memoria <a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">RAM</a> su <a href="/wiki/Circuito_integrato" title="Circuito integrato">circuiti integrati</a> usati nei <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg/310px-Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="466" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg/465px-Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg/620px-Desktop_DDR_Memory_Comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>Piedinatura delle diverse memorie DDR a confronto</figcaption></figure> <p>Nelle memorie DDR i dati vengono trasmessi sia sul fronte di salita che sul fronte di discesa del segnale di <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a>; è possibile quindi raddoppiare la velocità di trasferimento rispetto alle <a href="/wiki/SDRAM" title="SDRAM">SDRAM</a> senza per questo aumentare la frequenza del clock interno alla memoria né quella del <a href="/wiki/Bus_(informatica)" title="Bus (informatica)">bus</a>. Poiché i dati sono trasferiti <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000800000000000000♠"></span>8 <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a></span> per volta (il bus è sempre a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001640000000000000♠"></span>64 bit</span>) una RAM DDR consente una velocità teorica massima di trasferimento <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{T}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{T}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0100d3612cd04fe93bf7a351885e38bf3b8e165" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.745ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}}" /></span> di: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{T}=B_{M}\times 2\times 8}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{T}=B_{M}\times 2\times 8}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8059d1cee05cac054f7df08cc377c1134f69c74c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.572ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}=B_{M}\times 2\times 8}" /></span> </p><p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{M}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{M}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a9da694552159375086d2501bde442b3578b0b3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.723ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{M}}" /></span> è la velocità di clock del bus di memoria, 2 è il numero di invii per <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_di_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclo di clock">ciclo di clock</a>, 8 è il numero di byte trasferiti ad ogni invio. Quindi con una frequenza di clock di <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000299792458000000♠"></span>100 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">MHz</a></span>, una DDR SDRAM dà una velocità massima di trasferimento di <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7010128000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">600</span> <a href="/wiki/Megabit_per_secondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabit per secondo"><span title="Megabytes per second">MB/s</span></a></span>. </p><p>Nella realtà la situazione è più complessa, poiché la velocità di trasferimento è notevolmente influenzata dai fenomeni di <a href="/wiki/Latenza" title="Latenza">latenza</a>, che si verificano durante le operazioni di lettura/scrittura e che dipendono strettamente dal tipo e dalla qualità del <a href="/wiki/Circuito_integrato" title="Circuito integrato">chip</a>, nonché dalla frequenza di funzionamento. Per quantificare tali fenomeni, ad ogni banco di memoria vengono associati dei tempi caratteristici detti timing, misurati in unità di cicli di clock: a valori più bassi corrispondono prestazioni migliori, a parità di frequenza. </p><p>I timing più importanti sono: </p> <ul><li><i>CAS Latency Time (tCl)</i>: durante un'operazione di lettura, rappresenta l'intervallo di tempo tra l'istante in cui il comando di lettura giunge ad una certa cella di memoria e quello in cui inizia il trasferimento dei dati; la denominazione è dovuta al fatto che, per individuare la cella di memoria, l'indirizzo di colonna viene selezionato sempre per ultimo (tramite il segnale CAS), successivamente a quello di riga. Per le memorie DDR-400 (si veda la classificazione successiva) tCl è generalmente compreso tra 2 e 3 cicli di clock, che corrispondono a 12-17 <a href="/wiki/Nanosecondo" title="Nanosecondo">nanosecondi</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Row_Address_Select" class="mw-redirect" title="Row Address Select">RAS</a> to CAS Delay Time (tRCD)</i>: costituisce l'intervallo di tempo che passa tra l'attivazione della riga e della colonna che identificano la cella di memoria in cui si vuole leggere o scrivere il dato, cioè il ritardo del segnale CAS rispetto al segnale RAS; è di norma compreso tra 3 e 4 cicli di clock.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Row_Address_Select" class="mw-redirect" title="Row Address Select">RAS</a> Precharge Time (tRP)</i>: Il RAS precharge Time è l'intervallo di tempo che impiega la DDR SDRAM a leggere la riga di codice corretto dopo una lettura di codice errato.</li> <li><i>Active-to-Precharge Delay (tRAS)</i>: questo tipo di latenza riguarda in realtà i diversi passi in cui può essere suddiviso il processo di accesso alla memoria, ed il suo numero indica il numero minimo di cicli che intercorrono fra il comando "active" e "precharge".</li> <li><i>Row Cycle Time (tRC)</i>: è l'intervallo di tempo che passa tra l'attivazione consecutiva di 2 righe di memoria dello stesso banco; in genere è compreso tra 6 e 9 cicli di clock.</li></ul> <p>A questi parametri, che sono impostati dal costruttore e memorizzati nel <a href="/wiki/Serial_Presence_Detect" title="Serial Presence Detect">SPD</a>, se ne aggiungono altri, che riguardano le latenze dipendenti dalle operazioni di interfaccia tra le memorie ed il resto del sistema; tra questi ultimi citiamo: </p> <ul><li><i>Command Rate</i>: è l'intervallo di tempo che intercorre tra 2 comandi consecutivi impartiti al chip di memoria; tipicamente esso può valere 1 o 2 cicli di clock. Viene anche definito come il tempo che deve trascorrere fra il segnale di selezione del chip e l'inizio dei comandi di selezione (riga e colonna)/lettura/scrittura.</li> <li><i>Dram Idle Timer</i>: costituisce il tempo che la memoria deve attendere prima di iniziare ad eseguire il comando impartito.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifiche">Specifiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Specifiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Specifiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_JEDEC">Standard JEDEC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Standard JEDEC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Standard JEDEC"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC</a> ha stabilito gli standard e le specifiche per le DDR SDRAM<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; queste sono divise in due parti: le prime specifiche sono per i chip di memoria e le seconde sono per i banchi di memoria. Anche le dimensioni dei moduli di memoria DDR SDRAM sono standardizzati dal JEDEC. </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Standard </th> <th>Modulo </th> <th>Frequenza di clock <small>(MHz)</small> </th> <th>Frequenza bus I/O <small>(MHz)</small> </th> <th>Velocità di trasferimento <small>(MT/s)</small> </th> <th>Banda massima per canale <small>(MB/s)</small> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-200</td> <td>PC-1600</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>1 600 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-266</td> <td>PC-2100</td> <td>133</td> <td>133</td> <td>266</td> <td>2 133 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-333</td> <td>PC-2700</td> <td>166</td> <td>166</td> <td>333</td> <td>2 667 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-400</td> <td>PC-3200</td> <td>200</td> <td>200</td> <td>400</td> <td>3 200 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specifiche_non_conformi_allo_standard_JEDEC">Specifiche non conformi allo standard JEDEC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Specifiche non conformi allo standard JEDEC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Specifiche non conformi allo standard JEDEC"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le specifiche intermedie o superiori a quelle standard JEDEC sono <i>ottimizzazioni</i> dei produttori che utilizzano chip standard con tensioni superiori; sotto la tabella con le specifiche non standard: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Standard </th> <th>Modulo </th> <th>Frequenza di clock <small>(MHz)</small> </th> <th>Frequenza bus I/O <small>(MHz)</small> </th> <th>Velocità di trasferimento <small>(MT/s)</small> </th> <th>Banda massima per canale <small>(MB/s)</small> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-300</td> <td>PC-2400</td> <td>150</td> <td>150</td> <td>300</td> <td>2 400 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-433</td> <td>PC-3500</td> <td>217</td> <td>217</td> <td>433</td> <td>3 467 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-466</td> <td>PC-3700</td> <td>233</td> <td>233</td> <td>466</td> <td>3 733 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-500</td> <td>PC-4000</td> <td>250</td> <td>250</td> <td>500</td> <td>4 000 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-550</td> <td>PC-4400</td> <td>275</td> <td>275</td> <td>550</td> <td>4 400 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">DDR-600</td> <td>PC-4800</td> <td>300</td> <td>300</td> <td>600</td> <td>4 800 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architettura">Architettura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Architettura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Architettura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non c'è alcuna differenza di architettura tra DDR SDRAM per diverse velocità di clock, ad esempio le PC-1600 (progettate per una frequenza di 100 MHz) e le PC2100 (progettate per funzionare a 133 MHz). La sigla indica semplicemente la velocità a cui quel chip è garantito come funzionante. Quindi una DDR SDRAM può essere fatta funzionare a velocità inferiori rispetto a quella per cui è stata progettata (<a href="/wiki/Underclocking" title="Underclocking">underclocking</a>) o a velocità superiori (<a href="/wiki/Overclocking" title="Overclocking">overclocking</a>), l'overclocking però può essere fatto solo con memorie adatte di alta qualità e con cognizione di causa. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/DIMM" class="mw-redirect" title="DIMM">DIMM</a> di DDR SDRAM hanno 184 piedini (contro i 168 della SDRAM) e possono essere riconosciuti dai DIMM SDRAM dal numero di tacche: le DDR SDRAM ne hanno una, gli SDRAM due oppure tre. Le memorie DDR operano con una tensione di 2,5<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a>, contro i 3,3<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> per le SDRAM, questo può ridurre notevolmente i consumi. </p><p>Alcuni nuovi <a href="/wiki/Chipset" title="Chipset">chipset</a> utilizzano queste memorie in configurazioni a doppio canale (Dual channel) o quadruplo canale, che raddoppiano o quadruplicano la larghezza di banda teorica. Nelle configurazioni a due canali si raccomanda di usare una coppia di banchi di memoria dello stesso tipo per ottimizzare le prestazioni. I moduli in coppia devono avere stessa dimensione, velocità e tempi di latenza per permettere al <a href="/wiki/Chipset" title="Chipset">chipset</a> di effettuare gli accessi con la massima efficienza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tra gli inizi del 1996 e giugno del 2000 la JEDEC sviluppò le specifiche delle DDR SDRAM (JESD79)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, al fine di offrire un miglioramento significativo per i sistemi che richiedevano maggiore larghezza di banda. Nel 2003 vennero completate le specifiche per le memorie DDR2 SDRAM (JESD79-2), le quali offrivano una larghezza di banda fino a 800Mb/s, il doppio delle DDR SDRAM. Durante lo sviluppo degli standard DDR e DDR2 SDRAM, gli ingegneri rivolsero maggiore attenzione verso la gestione dei timing complessivi del sistema, affrontando così le aree critiche che ne limitavano le prestazioni. Venne così migliorata la larghezza di banda, evitando però frequenze di clock più elevate ma sfruttando al meglio il funzionamento del ciclo di clock. </p><p>In seguito lo standard DDR è stato sostituito con gli standard <a href="/wiki/DDR2" title="DDR2">DDR-II</a> e <a href="/wiki/DDR3" title="DDR3">DDR-III</a>, che adottano alcune modifiche per permettere frequenze di clock del buffer I/O superiori, ma operano con lo stesso principio Double Data Rate e con chip di memoria dalle frequenze di funzionamento invariate. Nel corso del <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>, anno previsto per il loro debutto, sono stati commercializzati i primi esemplari dello standard <a href="/wiki/DDR4" title="DDR4">DDR4</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/docs/jesd-79f"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dobule Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM Standard</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">jedec.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.design-reuse.com/articles/13805/the-love-hate-relationship-with-ddr-sdram-controllers.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Love/Hate Relationship with DDR SDRAM Controllers</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">design-reuse.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29/07/2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hwupgrade.it/articoli/memorie/2530/il-futuro-delle-memorie-di-sistema-lo-standard-ddr4_index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il futuro delle memorie di sistema: lo standard DDR4</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hwupgrade.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDR_SDRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="SDR SDRAM">SDR SDRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDR2" title="DDR2">DDR2</a> | <a href="/wiki/DDR3" title="DDR3">DDR3</a> | <a href="/wiki/DDR4" title="DDR4">DDR4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_channel" title="Dual channel">Dual channel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:DDR RAM"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:DDR_RAM?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:DDR_RAM?uselang=it">DDR SDRAM</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDR_SDRAM&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jedec.org/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale del JEDEC</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">jedec.org</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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