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Yoga for children - Wikipedia
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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Children_perform_yoga_at_the_Naval_Children_School%2C_Mumbai_in_2015.jpg/300px-Children_perform_yoga_at_the_Naval_Children_School%2C_Mumbai_in_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Children_perform_yoga_at_the_Naval_Children_School%2C_Mumbai_in_2015.jpg/450px-Children_perform_yoga_at_the_Naval_Children_School%2C_Mumbai_in_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Children_perform_yoga_at_the_Naval_Children_School%2C_Mumbai_in_2015.jpg/600px-Children_perform_yoga_at_the_Naval_Children_School%2C_Mumbai_in_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Children perform <a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">cobra pose</a> at the Naval Children School, Mumbai in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Yoga for children</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a> designed for <a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a>. It includes <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">poses</a> to increase <a href="/wiki/Physical_strength" title="Physical strength">strength</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexibility_(anatomy)" title="Flexibility (anatomy)">flexibility</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Motor_coordination" title="Motor coordination">coordination</a>. Classes are intended to be fun and may include <a href="/wiki/Age_appropriateness" title="Age appropriateness">age-appropriate</a> games, animal sounds and creative names for poses. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approach">Approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_for_children&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Montessori" class="mw-redirect" title="Montessori">Montessori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kundalini_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kundalini Yoga">Kundalini Yoga</a> teacher and teacher trainer Shakta Khalsa began to teach yoga to children in the 1970s, in a Kundalini community. She states that the approach is not "just a scaled-down version of yoga for adults—it's a whole different animal."<sup id="cite_ref-Khalsa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalsa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She taught <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asanas</a> using simple descriptions: <a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Downward Dog">Downward Dog</a> pose by getting the class to make the shape of a mountain, and <a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Virabhadrasana</a> by asking them to be "fearless warriors".<sup id="cite_ref-Khalsa_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalsa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She led children into <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">pranayama</a> with breath-awareness exercises like blowing on a feather and noticing the different feelings that came when you blew hard or gently. She discovered that the teacher had to avoid even basic terms like "inhale" and "exhale" if the children didn't know those words.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalsa_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalsa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 she published an early guide to children's yoga, <i>Fly Like a Butterfly</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhalsa1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhalsa1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marsha Wenig, founder of YogaKids International, has developed <a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">yoga</a> sessions with videos suitable for children aged 3 to 6.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She agrees that the teaching methods are necessarily quite different from those used to teach adults. The benefits may be "stillness, balance, flexibility, focus, peace, grace, connection, health, and well-being"<sup id="cite_ref-Wenig_2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wenig_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the challenge for the teacher is to hold the class's attention. She encourages children to "bark in the <a href="/wiki/Adho_Mukha_Svanasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Adho Mukha Svanasana">dog pose</a>, hiss in the <a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">cobra</a>, and meow in <a href="/wiki/Bidalasana" title="Bidalasana">cat stretch</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Wenig_2017_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wenig_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her experiences led to a 2003 book describing the methods that she developed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWenig2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenig2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_benefits">Health benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_for_children&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Health benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">Yoga as therapy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move!%22_after_school_activities_event,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move%21%22_after_school_activities_event%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move%21%22_after_school_activities_event%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move%21%22_after_school_activities_event%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move%21%22_after_school_activities_event%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move%21%22_after_school_activities_event%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Michelle_Obama_joins_children_for_a_yoga_class_during_a_%22Let%27s_Move%21%22_after_school_activities_event%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> joins children for a yoga class during a "Let's Move!" after school activities event, 2014.</figcaption></figure> <p>The benefits for children are similar to those for adults. Emotional benefits include greater <a href="/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">optimism</a> and a less reactive nature. Mental benefits including increased focus, concentration and improvements in the quality of <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</a> have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Huffpost_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huffpost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Academic performance improves, along with confidence in physical abilities. Yoga is used for the treatment of children with <a href="/wiki/Special_needs" title="Special needs">special needs</a>, and to aid conventional medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yoga practice helps to protect boys from increases in negative behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-UMich_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UMich-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Physical benefits include increased flexibility, improved coordination and <a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">balance</a>, and increased <a href="/wiki/Core_stability" title="Core stability">core</a> and body strength. Mental benefits include stronger mind–body connection, increased <a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">self-esteem</a>, better focus and concentration, and increased ability to relax and <a href="/wiki/Stress_management" title="Stress management">cope with stressful situations</a>. Social and emotional benefits include more <a href="/wiki/Self-awareness" title="Self-awareness">awareness of self</a> and others, and increased skill in <a href="/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving">problem solving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">conflict resolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tilak_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilak-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_for_children&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoga_school_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yoga_school_children.jpg/220px-Yoga_school_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yoga_school_children.jpg/330px-Yoga_school_children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yoga_school_children.jpg/440px-Yoga_school_children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>A school class in India celebrating the <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Some parents are worried by yoga's religious associations, believing that yoga is an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tilak_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilak-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yoga teachers accordingly sometimes avoid <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> pose names, for instance saying cat/cow instead of <a href="/wiki/Bidalasana" title="Bidalasana">Bidalasana</a>, tree for <a href="/wiki/Vrikshasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrikshasana">Vrikshasana</a>, and bridge for <a href="/wiki/Setubandhasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Setubandhasana">Setubandhasana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tilak_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilak-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yoga teacher and education researcher Andrea Hyde however states that yoga is not a religion and can fit into ordinary school curriculums, whatever the prevailing culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyde_2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyde_2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_for_children&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Khalsa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalsa_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalsa_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalsa_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kripalu.org/resources/abcs-yoga">"The ABCs of Yoga"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kripalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kripalu">Kripalu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506133056/https://kripalu.org/resources/abcs-yoga">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ABCs+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Kripalu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkripalu.org%2Fresources%2Fabcs-yoga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhalsa1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhalsa1998_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhalsa1998">Khalsa 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaia.com/person/marsha-wenig">"Marsha Wenig"</a>. Gaia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marsha+Wenig&rft.pub=Gaia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaia.com%2Fperson%2Fmarsha-wenig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wenig_2017-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wenig_2017_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wenig_2017_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenig2017" class="citation web cs1">Wenig, Marsha (5 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/210">"Discover Why Kids Need Yoga as Much as We Do"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+Why+Kids+Need+Yoga+as+Much+as+We+Do&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Wenig&rft.aufirst=Marsha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Flifestyle%2F210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenig2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWenig2003_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWenig2003">Wenig 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huffpost-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huffpost_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoRusso2013" class="citation web cs1">LoRusso, Amanda (17 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kripalu/yoga-and-sleep_b_3572950.html">"Yoga and the Science of Sleep"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoga+and+the+Science+of+Sleep&rft.pub=Huffington+Post&rft.date=2013-07-17&rft.aulast=LoRusso&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fkripalu%2Fyoga-and-sleep_b_3572950.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Arezzo,_Darlene" class="citation web cs1">D'Arezzo, Darlene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407115807/http://www.yogitimes.com/article/yoga-special-needs-kids/">"Special yoga for special kids"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogitimes.com/article/yoga-special-needs-kids/">the original</a> on 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+yoga+for+special+kids&rft.au=D%27Arezzo%2C+Darlene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogitimes.com%2Farticle%2Fyoga-special-needs-kids%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407081434/https://www.camilledesjardins.com/CamilleDesJardins/Yoga_for_Special_Kids.html">"Yoga for special kids"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camilledesjardins.com/CamilleDesJardins/Yoga_for_Special_Kids.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoga+for+special+kids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camilledesjardins.com%2FCamilleDesJardins%2FYoga_for_Special_Kids.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UMich-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UMich_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKokinakis" class="citation web cs1">Kokinakis, Leah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/91559/?sequence=3">"Yoga and Adolescents: What do we know?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoga+and+Adolescents%3A+What+do+we+know%3F&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.aulast=Kokinakis&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2027.42%2F91559%2F%3Fsequence%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fabian, K. (2014, October 29). 7 Ways Kids Benefit From Yoga. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-15075/7-ways-kids-benefit-from-yoga.html">https://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-15075/7-ways-kids-benefit-from-yoga.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tilak-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tilak_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tilak_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tilak_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilak,_V.2015" class="citation web cs1">Tilak, V. (29 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parents.com/fun/sports/exercise/the-benefits-of-yoga-for-kids/">"The Benefits of Yoga for Kids"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Benefits+of+Yoga+for+Kids&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.au=Tilak%2C+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parents.com%2Ffun%2Fsports%2Fexercise%2Fthe-benefits-of-yoga-for-kids%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hyde_2012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hyde_2012_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyde,_Andrea2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hyde, Andrea (2012). "The Yoga in Schools Movement: Using Standards for Educating the Whole Child and Making Space for Teacher Self-Care". <i>Counterpoints</i>. <b>425</b> (425): 109–126. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42981793">42981793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Counterpoints&rft.atitle=The+Yoga+in+Schools+Movement%3A+Using+Standards+for+Educating+the+Whole+Child+and+Making+Space+for+Teacher+Self-Care&rft.volume=425&rft.issue=425&rft.pages=109-126&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42981793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hyde%2C+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kripalu.org/presenters-programs/presenters/andrea-hyde">"Andrea Hyde"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kripalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kripalu">Kripalu</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrea+Hyde&rft.pub=Kripalu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkripalu.org%2Fpresenters-programs%2Fpresenters%2Fandrea-hyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_for_children&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalsa1998" class="citation book cs1">Khalsa, Shakta (1998). <i>Fly Like a Butterfly : yoga for children</i>. Rudra Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915801-84-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-915801-84-8"><bdi>978-0-915801-84-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39223620">39223620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fly+Like+a+Butterfly+%3A+yoga+for+children&rft.pub=Rudra+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39223620&rft.isbn=978-0-915801-84-8&rft.aulast=Khalsa&rft.aufirst=Shakta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenig2003" class="citation book cs1">Wenig, Marsha (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yogakidseducatin0000weni"><i>Yogakids : educating the whole child through yoga</i></a></span>. Stewart, Tabori & Chang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58479-292-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58479-292-5"><bdi>978-1-58479-292-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51553409">51553409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yogakids+%3A+educating+the+whole+child+through+yoga&rft.pub=Stewart%2C+Tabori+%26+Chang&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51553409&rft.isbn=978-1-58479-292-5&rft.aulast=Wenig&rft.aufirst=Marsha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyogakidseducatin0000weni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoga+for+children" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75c465f4c6‐2rp58 Cached time: 20241125143509 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.335 seconds Real time usage: 0.429 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 918/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 59791/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 263/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49479/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.219/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5471132/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 345.098 1 -total 46.97% 162.076 1 Template:Reflist 39.42% 136.021 9 Template:Cite_web 26.19% 90.380 1 Template:Modern_yoga 25.82% 89.117 3 Template:Navbox 14.67% 50.637 2 Template:Sfn 6.80% 23.456 1 Template:See_also 2.53% 8.721 2 Template:Cite_book 1.69% 5.847 1 Template:Cite_journal 0.83% 2.876 1 Template:- --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36971621-0!canonical and timestamp 20241125143509 and revision id 1211657432. 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