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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kiriw</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sistemadan shıqqan paydalanıwshılar ushın betler <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rdem:Mazmun%C4%B1" aria-label="Redaktorlaw haqqında tolıq maǵlıwmat"><span>tolıq maǵlıwmat</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Meni%C5%84_talq%C4%B1law%C4%B1m" title="Bul IP adresten kirgizilgen ózgerisler haqqında talqılaw [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talqılaw</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div 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</div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mazmunı" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mazmunı</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">qaptal panelge kóshiriw</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">jasırıw</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirisiw</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologiyası" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologiyası"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologiyası</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologiyası-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tariyxı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tariyxı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tariyxı</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tariyxı-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tariyxı kishi bólimdi ashıw/jabıw</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tariyxı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-V-XV_asirler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#V-XV_asirler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>V-XV asirler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-V-XV_asirler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XV-XIX_asirler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XV-XIX_asirler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>XV-XIX asirler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XV-XIX_asirler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XIX-XX_asirler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XIX-XX_asirler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>XIX-XX asirler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XIX-XX_asirler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siyasıy_basqarılıw_forması" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siyasıy_basqarılıw_forması"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siyasıy basqarılıw forması</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siyasıy_basqarılıw_forması-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aymaqlıq_bóliniwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aymaqlıq_bóliniwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aymaqlıq bóliniwi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aymaqlıq_bóliniwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografiyalıq_jaylasıwı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografiyalıq_jaylasıwı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geografiyalıq jaylasıwı</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografiyalıq_jaylasıwı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derekler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derekler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Derekler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derekler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mazmunı" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mazmunlar dizimin ashıw/jabıw" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mazmunlar dizimin ashıw/jabıw</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qıtay</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Basqa tildegi maqalaǵa ótiń. 309 tilde bar" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-309" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">309 til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Китаи – абхаз тілі" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Китаи" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхаз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineu" title="Cineu – ачех тілі" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cineu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – адыгей тілі" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China – неміс тілі (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93" title="ቻይና – амхар тілі" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻይና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular_de_China" title="Republica Popular de China – арагон тілі" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Popular de China" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina_seo_Folclice_Cynewise" title="Cina seo Folclice Cynewise – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cina seo Folclice Cynewise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – ангика тілі" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الصين – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A8%DC%9D%DC%A2" title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="الشينوا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الشينوا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الصين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الصين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="চীন – ассам тілі" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – авар тілі" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="авар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinia" title="Sinia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Sinia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन – авадхи тілі" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markani_Republika_China" title="Markani Republika China – аймара тілі" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Markani Republika China" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – бали тілі" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="бали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97n%C4%97j%C4%97s_Liaud%C4%97is_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Kėnėjės Liaudėis Respoblėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnėjės Liaudėis Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaena" title="Jaena – бислама тілі" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jaena" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripublik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Ripublik Rakyat Cina – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ripublik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ခယ်ႏခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ခယ်ႏခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – бамбара тілі" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="চীন – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – тибет тілі" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибет тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="গণচীন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গণচীন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Pobl_Sina" title="Republik Pobl Sina – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Pobl Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cino" title="Cino – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Cino" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хитад – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хитад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Popular de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-hu%C3%A0_%C3%8Cng-m%C3%ACng_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цийн Халкъан Республика – шешен тілі" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цийн Халкъан Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="шешен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangmasang_Republika_sa_Tsina" title="Pangmasang Republika sa Tsina – себуано тілі" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pangmasang Republika sa Tsina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – чаморро тілі" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="чаморро тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B6%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A8%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%9B" title="ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏛ – чероки тілі" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏛ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" title="China (People's Republic of China) – шайен тілі" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="China (People's Republic of China)" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шайен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – корсика тілі" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çin" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84sk%C3%B4_L%C3%ABdow%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Chińskô Lëdowô Repùblika – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chińskô Lëdowô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%EA%99%97%D0%BD%D1%94" title="Срѣдинꙗнє – шіркеулік славян тілі" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Срѣдинꙗнє" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="шіркеулік славян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Китай Халăх Республики – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Китай Халăх Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Pobl_Tsieina" title="Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caina" title="Caina – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Caina" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_%C5%9Eari%C3%AA_%C3%87ini" title="Cumhuriyetê Şariê Çini – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Şariê Çini" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinska_ludowa_republika" title="Chinska ludowa republika – төменгі лужица тілі" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chinska ludowa republika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="төменгі лужица тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="चीन देश – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चीन देश" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6" title="ސީނުކަރަ – дивехи тілі" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސީނުކަރަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC" title="ཀྲུང་ཀོ – дзонг-кэ тілі" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཀྲུང་ཀོ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="дзонг-кэ тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – эве тілі" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="эве тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κίνα – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88inio" title="Ĉinio – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinako Herri Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciina" title="Ciina – фула тілі" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ciina" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фула тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiina" title="Kiina – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_Rahvavabariik" title="Hiina Rahvavabariik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina Rahvavabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaina_(matanitu)" title="Jaina (matanitu) – фиджи тілі" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jaina (matanitu)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – фарер тілі" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chine" title="Chine – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8publica_popul%C3%A8ra_de_China" title="Rèpublica populèra de China – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rèpublica populèra de China" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – солтүстік фриз тілі" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="солтүстік фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_(st%C3%A2t)" title="Cine (stât) – фриуль тілі" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cine (stât)" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриуль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daon-Phoblacht_na_S%C3%ADne" title="Daon-Phoblacht na Síne – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daon-Phoblacht na Síne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitay_Halk_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Kitay Halk Respublikası – гагауз тілі" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kitay Halk Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="гагауз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中華人民共和國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin" title="Lachin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lachin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluagh-phoblachd_na_S%C3%ACne" title="Sluagh-phoblachd na Sìne – шотландиялық гэль тілі" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sluagh-phoblachd na Sìne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландиялық гэль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="República Popular da China – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Popular da China" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چين" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADna_Tetar%C3%A3_Ret%C3%A3" title="Chína Tetarã Retã – гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chína Tetarã Retã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ચીન – гуджарати тілі" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deynphobblaght_y_%C3%87heen" title="Deynphobblaght y Çheen – мэн тілі" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Deynphobblaght y Çheen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin" title="Sin – хауса тілі" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_Ng%C3%ACn-m%C3%ACn_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – гавайи тілі" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הרפובליקה העממית של סין – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה העממית של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – жоғарғы лужица тілі" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="жоғарғы лужица тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin" title="Chin – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kína" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Չինաստան – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Չինաստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չինաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ибан тілі" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – интерлингве тілі" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – игбо тілі" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina" title="Saina – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Saina" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – илоко тілі" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Ченкехье – ингуш тілі" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ченкехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингуш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popul-Republiko_Chinia" title="Popul-Republiko Chinia – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Popul-Republiko Chinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B4%E1%90%83%E1%93%87" title="ᓴᐃᓇ – инуктитут тілі" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓴᐃᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктитут тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中華人民共和国 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華人民共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiplz_Ripoblik_a_Chaina" title="Piiplz Ripoblik a Chaina – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiplz Ripoblik a Chaina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jungo_ke_prenu_gubyseltru" title="jungo ke prenu gubyseltru – ложбан тілі" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jungo ke prenu gubyseltru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Républik Rakyat Cina – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩინეთი – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ccinwa" title="Ccinwa – кабил тілі" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ccinwa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8D_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Хъутей Жылэ Республикэ – кабардин тілі" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хъутей Жылэ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siini" title="Siini – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siini" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caina" title="Caina – тьяп тілі" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Caina" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тьяп тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – кикуйю тілі" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикуйю тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Қытай – қазақ тілі" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазақ тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ចិន – кхмер тілі" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಚೀನಿ ಜನರ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಿ ಜನರ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화인민공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кина – коми-пермяк тілі" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кина" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермяк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Къытай Халкъ Республика – қарашай-балқар тілі" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къытай Халкъ Республика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="қарашай-балқар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86" title="چیٖن – кашмир тілі" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="چیٖن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AEn" title="Çîn – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – коми тілі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek_Werin_China" title="Repoblek Werin China – корн тілі" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek Werin China" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай – қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кытай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_popularis_Sinarum" title="Res publica popularis Sinarum – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica popularis Sinarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Popular_Kina" title="Repuvlika Popular Kina – ладино тілі" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Popular Kina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleksrepublik_China" title="Volleksrepublik China – люксембург тілі" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Volleksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – лезгин тілі" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina" title="Xina – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Xina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayina" title="Cayina – ганда тілі" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Cayina" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinn-a" title="Cinn-a – лигур тілі" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cinn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="лигур тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – Ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADna" title="Sína – лингала тілі" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sína" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ – лаос тілі" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinijos_Liaudies_Respublika" title="Kinijos Liaudies Respublika – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinijos Liaudies Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Ķīna" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – мадур тілі" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="мадур тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन – майтхили тілі" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Republik Rakyat Cina – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Republik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – мокша тілі" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika_Entim-Bahoakan%27_i_Sina" title="Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haina" title="Haina – маори тілі" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Haina" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyaik_Cino" title="Republik Rakyaik Cino – минангкабау тілі" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Republik Rakyaik Cino" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Народна Република Кина – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Народна Република Кина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8" title="ചൈന – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хятад – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хятад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ – манипури тілі" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипури тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aina" title="Ċina – мальта тілі" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальта тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – миранд тілі" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="миранд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Китаень Раськень Республикась – эрзя тілі" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Китаень Раськень Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзя тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – мазандеран тілі" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеран тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – неаполитан тілі" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China – төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrippebliek_China" title="Volksrippebliek China – төменгі саксон тілі" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Volksrippebliek China" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="төменгі саксон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – невар тілі" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – ниас тілі" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ниас тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" title="Folkerepublikken Kina – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Folkerepublikken Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populen_Republike_de_China" title="Populen Republike de China – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Populen Republike de China" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publyique_du_Peupl%27ye_d%27la_Chinne" title="Républyique du Peupl'ye d'la Chinne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Républyique du Peupl'ye d'la Chinne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1haena" title="Tšhaena – солтүстік сото тілі" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tšhaena" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="солтүстік сото тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsii%CA%BCyishbizh%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah – навахо тілі" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ньянджа тілі" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ньянджа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Populara de China" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitai" title="Kitai – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kitai" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaayinaa" title="Chaayinaa – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaayinaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚୀନ – ория тілі" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚୀନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – осетин тілі" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚੀਨ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_ya_Too_na_Jhina" title="Republika ya Too na Jhina – пангасинан тілі" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Republika ya Too na Jhina" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldang_Republika_ning_Tsina" title="Maldang Republika ning Tsina – пампанга тілі" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Maldang Republika ning Tsina" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – папьяменто тілі" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publike_popul%C3%A9re_Kine" title="Républike populére Kine – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Républike populére Kine" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tscheine" title="Tscheine – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tscheine" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chińska Republika Ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin-a" title="Cin-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κίνα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κίνα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailiku" title="Tailiku – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Tailiku" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa_Runallaqta_Ripuwlika" title="Chunwa Runallaqta Ripuwlika – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa Runallaqta Ripuwlika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Populara_da_la_China" title="Republica Populara da la China – романш тілі" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Republica Populara da la China" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Populară Chineză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – арумын тілі" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbleche_Popolare_Cinese" title="Repubbleche Popolare Cinese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Repubbleche Popolare Cinese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кітайска Народна Републіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кітайска Народна Републіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubushinwa" title="Ubushinwa – киньяруанда тілі" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubushinwa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киньяруанда тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="चीनदेशः – санскрит тілі" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Кытай Дьон Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай Дьон Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱪᱤᱱ – сантали тілі" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzina" title="Tzina – сардин тілі" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – сицилия тілі" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_o_the_Fowk_o_Cheena" title="Republic o the Fowk o Cheena – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Republic o the Fowk o Cheena" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinn%C3%A1" title="Kiinná – солтүстік саам тілі" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kiinná" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="солтүстік саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEn%C3%A4" title="Sînä – санго тілі" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sînä" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="санго тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ccinwa" title="Ccinwa – ташелхит тілі" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ccinwa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташелхит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%82%84%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၶႄႇ – шан тілі" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶႄႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="චීනය – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="People's Republic of China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_republika_Kitajska" title="Ljudska republika Kitajska – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ljudska republika Kitajska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina" title="Saina – самоа тілі" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Saina" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiina" title="Kiina – инари саам тілі" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kiina" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chayina" title="Chayina – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chayina" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiinaha" title="Shiinaha – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shiinaha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кина – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneysa" title="Sneysa – сранан тонго тілі" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sneysa" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="сранан тонго тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShayina" title="IShayina – свати тілі" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IShayina" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhina" title="Xhina – оңтүстік сото тілі" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Xhina" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="оңтүстік сото тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foulksrepublik_China" title="Foulksrepublik China – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Foulksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Républik Rakyat Cina – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Républik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Watu_wa_China" title="Jamhuri ya Watu wa China – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya Watu wa China" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84sk%C5%8F_Ludow%C5%8F_Republika" title="Chińskŏ Ludowŏ Republika – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chińskŏ Ludowŏ Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cong-kow" title="Cong-kow – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cong-kow" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="சீனா – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyukoku" title="Cyukoku – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Cyukoku" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಚೀನಾ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಚೀನಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%91%E1%A5%A5%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="చైనా – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చైనా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina" title="Xina – тетум тілі" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xina" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="тетум тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ҷумҳурии Мардумии Чин – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Мардумии Чин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศจีน – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93" title="ቻይና – тигринья тілі" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቻይና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="тигринья тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyta%C3%BD" title="Hytaý – түрікмен тілі" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hytaý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түрікмен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXR" title="CXR – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="CXR" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – тсвана тілі" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="тсвана тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siaina" title="Siaina – тонган тілі" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siaina" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="тонган тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Manmeri_Ripablik_bilong_Saina" title="Ol Manmeri Ripablik bilong Saina – ток-писин тілі" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ol Manmeri Ripablik bilong Saina" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikuku" title="Cikuku – тароко тілі" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Cikuku" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="тароко тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chayina" title="Chayina – тсонга тілі" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Chayina" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кытай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – тумбука тілі" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – тви тілі" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="тви тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinit%C5%8D" title="Tinitō – таити тілі" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tinitō" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кыдат – тувин тілі" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Кыдат" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – удмурт тілі" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%87%DA%AD%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%A7_%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىتى – ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Китайська Народна Республіка – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська Народна Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – венда тілі" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="венда тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Popo%C5%82are_Cineze" title="Repùblega Popołare Cineze – венеция тілі" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Popołare Cineze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венеция тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitai" title="Kitai – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kitai" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Trung Quốc – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyin%C3%A4n" title="Tsyinän – волапюк тілі" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyinän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chine" title="Chine – валлон тілі" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Chine" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanan_Katawhan_Republika_han_Tsina" title="Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Popileer_bu_Siin" title="Réewum Popileer bu Siin – волоф тілі" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Popileer bu Siin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中华人民共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Китдин Улус Орн – қалмақ тілі" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Китдин Улус Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="қалмақ тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShayina" title="IShayina – кхоса тілі" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IShayina" data-language-autonym="İsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩინეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="כינע – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כינע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_Ar%C3%A1_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A1%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà – йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghvaz_Yinzminz_Gunghozgoz" title="Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrippebliek_China" title="Volksrippebliek China – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Volksrippebliek China" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ – марокколық стандартты тамазигхт тілі" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="марокколық стандартты тамазигхт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中华人民共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中華人民共和國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-h%C3%B4a_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中華人民共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShayina" title="IShayina – зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IShayina" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tiller aralıq siltemelerdi redaktorlaw" class="wbc-editpage">Siltemelerdi redaktorlaw</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Atamalar kópligi"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Maǵlıwmat betin kóriw [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talq%C4%B1law:Q%C4%B1tay" rel="discussion" title="Maǵlıwmat beti haqqında talqılaw [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talqılaw</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantın ózgertiw" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qaraqalpaqsha</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Kórinisler"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay"><span>Tanısıp shıǵıw</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit" title="Bul betti ózgertiw [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktorlaw</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit" title="Bul bettiń derek kodın ózgertiw [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Derekti redaktorlaw</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=history" title="Bettiń aldınǵı ózgerisleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tariyxın kóriw</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Bet ásbapları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ásbaplar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ásbaplar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ásbaplar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">qaptal panelge kóshiriw</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">jasırıw</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Kóbirek parametrler" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Háreketler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay"><span>Tanısıp shıǵıw</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit" title="Bul betti ózgertiw [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktorlaw</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit" title="Bul bettiń derek kodın ózgertiw [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Derekti redaktorlaw</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=history"><span>Tariyxın kóriw</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ulıwma </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Siltelgen_betler/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Usı betke siltelgen barlıq betler dizimi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Siltelgen betler</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Baylan%C4%B1sl%C4%B1_aq%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1_%C3%B3zgerisler/Q%C4%B1tay" rel="nofollow" title="Bul betten siltengen betlerdegi aqırǵı ózgerisler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Baylanıslı ózgerisler</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=kaa" title="Fayllar júklew [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fayl júklew</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Arnawl%C4%B1_betler" title="Barlıq arnawlı betler dizimi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Arnawlı betler</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&oldid=74852" title="Bul bettegi usı nusqasınıń turaqlı siltemesi"><span>Turaqlı silteme</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=info" title="Ashıq turǵan bet haqqında kóbirek maǵlıwmat"><span>Bet haqqında maǵlıwmat</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnawl%C4%B1:CiteThisPage&page=Q%C4%B1tay&id=74852&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bul betti kóshirip alǵanda qalay citata keltiriw haqqında maǵlıwmat"><span>Betke silteme jaratıw</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnawl%C4%B1:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkaa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQ%25C4%25B1tay"><span>Qısqartılǵan URL alıw</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnawl%C4%B1:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkaa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQ%25C4%25B1tay"><span>QR kod júklep alıw</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Basıp shıǵarıw/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnawl%C4%B1:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Q%C4%B1tay"><span>Kitap jaratıw</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnawl%C4%B1:DownloadAsPdf&page=Q%C4%B1tay&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF túrinde júklep alıw</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&printable=yes" title="Bul bettiń baspa nusqası [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Baspa nusqası</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Basqa joybarlarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiqoyma</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148" title="Baylanısqan Wikimaǵlıwmat bazası elementine silteme [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikimaǵlıwmat elementi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Bet ásbapları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Kórinis"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kórinis</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">qaptal panelge kóshiriw</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">jasırıw</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, erkin enciklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kaa" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/375px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><span style="color:grey;">Qıtay bayraǵı</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:China_in_its_region_(claimed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg/250px-China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg/375px-China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg/500px-China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption><span style="color:grey;">Qıtayın' Aziyadag'ı jaylasqan ornı</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Qıtay ―</b> (<a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay_tili" title="Qıtay tili">qıt.</a> <span lang="zh" style="font-size: 110%">中华人民共和国) (is juzinde <b>Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası</b> yamasa, qısqartılması QXR -<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C4%B1g%27%C4%B1s_Aziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shıg'ıs Aziya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Shıǵıs Aziyada</a> jaylasqan jer aymaǵı, <a href="/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika">ekonomikası</a>, xalıq sanı boyınsha jetekshi orında turıwshı mamleketlerdiń birim. Jer aymaǵınıń úlkenligi boyınsha dúnyada úshinshi: orında (9 598 962 km.kv- 2020) .Xalıq sanı boyınsha birinshi orında (1,415 milliard) </span></p><p>Paytaxtı: <a href="/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin">Peking</a> qalası. Iri qalaları: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangjow" title="Guangjow">Guangjow</a>, Shuncin, Chendu, Tyenjin, Xarbin, <a href="/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin">Nankin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lhasa (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Lhasa</a>. Tiykarǵı xalqı <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay_milleti" title="Qıtay milleti">qıtaylardan</a> ibarat. </p><p>Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1mleket" title="Mámleket">mámleket</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitutsiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitutsiya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">konstitutsiyasına</a> tiykar,- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociall%C4%B1q_m%C3%A1mleket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociallıq mámleket (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">sociallıq mámleket</a> esaplanadı.Qıtay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukimiran_m%C3%A1mleketler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukimiran mámleketler (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">hukimiran mámleketler</a> qatarında bolıp, potenciallıq hám <a href="/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika">ekonomikalıq</a> hukimranlıqqa iye.<a href="/wiki/BMSh" class="mw-redirect" title="BMSh">BMSh</a> nıń Qáwipsizlik Keńesi aǵzası. </p><p>Onnan bólek Qıtay kosmoslıq húkimranlıqqa da iye. Qıtay yaderli qural iyesi hám júda úlken armiyası bar bolǵan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1mleket" title="Mámleket">mámleket</a> </p><p>Qıtay <a href="/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika">ekonomikası</a> nominal IASH boyınsha ekinshi orında turadı, hám IASH(QQP) boyınsha birinshi orında.QXR islep shıǵarıw tarawında jetekshi orınlardı iyeleydi. </p><p>Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası <a href="/wiki/BMSh" class="mw-redirect" title="BMSh">BMSh</a>, Aziya-Tınısh okeanı Ekonomikalıq Shólkemi(ATES),G20,XSSH,SHBSH,BRICS kibi shólkemler aǵzası. </p><p>1949-jılı ǵárezsizlik alǵanlı beri Qıtay Kommunistlik Partiyası(QKP) basqarıp keledi. Mámleket basshısı Si Szinpin(2013-jıldan beri). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Qitay.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Qitay.png/160px-Qitay.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Qitay.png/240px-Qitay.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Qitay.png/320px-Qitay.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:G%D0%B5rbi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gerbi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/G%D0%B5rbi.jpg/144px-G%D0%B5rbi.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/G%D0%B5rbi.jpg/216px-G%D0%B5rbi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/G%D0%B5rbi.jpg/287px-G%D0%B5rbi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Gerbi</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologiyası"><span id="Etimologiyas.C4.B1"></span>Etimologiyası</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Etimologiyası bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologiyası"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qaraqalpaq tilinde "Qıtay" sózi ayyemgi túrkiy tillerden kirip kelgen Bul sóz <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay_tili" title="Qıtay tili">qıtay tilindegi</a> "qytan" sózinen kelip shıǵıp kóshpeli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongol (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">mongollar</a> ruwınan bolǵan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kidan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kidan (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Kidanlardı</a> ataǵan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tariyxı"><span id="Tariyx.C4.B1"></span>Tariyxı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Tariyxı bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tariyxı"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tiykarǵı maqala:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay_t%C3%A1riyx%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qıtay táriyxı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Qıtay táriyxı</a> </p> <table> <caption>Qısqa xronologiyalıq keste </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jıllar </th> <th>Mámleket </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">2353 besh- 2255 besh <hr /> </td> <td>Apsanawiy basqariwshi Yao <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">2255 besh- 2205 <hr /> </td> <td>Apsanawiy basqariwshi Shun <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">2205 besh-1766 besh <hr /> </td> <td>Sya Apsanawiy Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1766 besh-1122 besh <hr /> </td> <td>Shan-In Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1122 besh-249 besh <hr /> </td> <td>Cin Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">206besh-eramizdin 220 jili- <hr /> </td> <td>Xan Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">220-264 <hr /> </td> <td>Vey Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">265-420 <hr /> </td> <td>Czin Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">420-479 <hr /> </td> <td>Qubla Sun Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">479-501 <hr /> </td> <td>Ci Dinastiyası <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">502-556 <hr /> </td> <td>Lyan Dinastiyası <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">557-588 <hr /> </td> <td>Chen Dinastiyası <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">581-618 <hr /> </td> <td>Suy Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">618-917 <hr /> </td> <td>Tan Dinastiyasi(Qıtay mádeniyatınıń altın ásiri) <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">907-959 <hr /> </td> <td>Bes Dinastiya ham on patshalıq epoxası <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">960-1279 <hr /> </td> <td>Sun Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1280-1368 <hr /> </td> <td>Yuan Dinastiyası(monǵollar) <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1368-1644 <hr /> </td> <td>Min Dinastiyasi <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1644-1911 <hr /> </td> <td>Cin Dinastiyasi(Manchjurlar) <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1912-1949 <hr /> </td> <td>Qıtay Respublikası <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#eaecf0;">1.X.1949- hazirge deyin <hr /> </td> <td>Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="V-XV_asirler">V-XV asirler</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=3" title="V-XV asirler bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: V-XV asirler"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun_dinastiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sun dinastiyası (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Sun dinastiyasınıń</a> (960 — 1279-jıllar) <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1kimiyat" title="Hákimiyat">hákimiyatqa</a> keliwi menen Qıtayda uzaq dawam etken siyasiy pıtırańqılıq hám óz ara urıslarǵa shek qoydı. Nátiyjede, mámleket xojalıǵınıń rawajlanıwına jaǵday jaratıldı. X ásirden baslap suwdı biyik jerlerge shıǵarıwshı úskenelerden keń paydalanıla basladı. Shıǵırdan paydalanıw egin maydanların kóbeytiw imkanın beredi. Suw digirmanları járdeminde salını tazalaw, may alıw, un shıǵarıw júdá keń qollanıla baslanǵan. Rawajlanǵan orta ásirlerde Qıtayda <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0mperator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İmperator (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">imperator</a>, áskeriy aqsúyekler, hámeldarlarǵa qaraslı mámleket jerleri azayıp, jer iyeleriniń jeke menshik jerleri júdá kóbeyip baradı. Menshik jerler, sonday-aq, jańa ózlestirilip atırǵan qorıq hám taw aldı aymaqları esabınan da keńeyip barǵan. Úlken múlikdarlar jerleriniń kóbeyiwine kámbaǵallardıń qarızları ornına jerleriniń tartıp alınıwı da sebep bolǵan. Sol tárizde XI ásirdiń baslarında egin maydanlarınıń yarımı iri feodallar qolına ótedi.Bul jerlerde, tiykarınan, ijarashı diyqanlar islegen. Qıtayda erkin diyqanlardıń kópshilik bóleginde 30—40 mu jer bolıp, mámleket bul qatlamdı qollap-quwatlawǵa háreket etken. Qıtay diyqanları ózleri jetistirgen ónimlerden mámleketke hár jılı eki márte salıq tólegen. Jer salıǵı salı yaki biyday menen tólense, al pille baqqan shańaraqlar salıqtı gezleme menen de tólegen. Qalalar hám ónermentshilik. Kayfin, Chendu hám Uchan qalaları Qıtaydıń úlken ónermentshilik hám sawda orayları edi. Qıtay sawdasında suw jolları ayrıqsha áhmiyetke iye bolǵan. Kópshilik qalalar teńiz yamasa dárya boylarında, suw hám qurǵaqlıqtaǵı sawda jolları kesilisken jerlerde júzege kelgen. Qalalardıń ósiwi ónermentshiliktiń tez pát penen rawajlanıwın támiyinlegen. Qıtayda, ásirese ónermentshiliktiń dás-túriy túrleri: gúlalshılıq, farfor buyımlardı islep shıǵarıw rawajlanǵan. Qıtay qalalarında kóplegen dúkan hám usta-xanalar jaylasqan edi. Qıtaydıń qublasında ónerment-toqıwshılar shayı gezlemelerdiń onlap túrlerin tayarlaǵan. XII ásirde jipekten shayı sózana — panno toqıw oylap tabılıp, keń tarqalǵan. Qıtayda paxtashılıq ta barǵan sayın keń jayılıp, XIV ásirden baslap onnan gezleme tayarlaw da rawajlanıp barǵan. Aziya paxtasınıń watanı Hindistan. Onnan soń paxta Orta Aziyaǵa kirip kelgen. Qıtayǵa paxta tuqımın dáslep elimiz sawdagerleri alıp barǵan. Cex aǵzası bolıw Qıtay ónermentleri ushın májbúriy edi. Evropadaǵı sıyaqlı ondaǵı cexlarda da qálpe, shákirtler sanın, olardıń jumıs sharayatın, tayar ónermentshilik buyımların satıwdı, óner sırların saqlawdı qatań qadaǵalaǵan. Monǵollar basqınshılıǵı. Dáslep Qıtaydıń arqa tárepinde dúzilgen monǵollar mámleketi Xubilay xanlıǵı dáwirinde óz tásirin mámlekettiń oraylıq hám qubla aymaqlarına da ótkeredi. Qıtay 1279-jılı tolıq baǵındırılıp, jańa monǵollar dinastiyası Yuan (1279—1368) atın aladı. Monǵollar Qıtaydaǵı jerlerdi, ol jerde jasap atırǵan diyqanları menen birge bólip aladı. Biraq diyqanshılıqta xojalıq júrgiziw usılları hám salıqlar burınǵısınsha qaladı. Monǵollar dáwirinde tólemlerdiń artıp barıwı tek diy-qanlar hám ónermentlerdi emes, hátte sawdagerlerdi de búlginshilikke alıp keledi. Húkimet tınımsız ósip baratırǵan qárejetlerdi qaplaw ushın qosımsha qaǵaz pul shıǵara baslaydı. Bul  bolsa puldıń qádirsizleniwine, ónim hám ónermentshilik buyımlarınıń qımbatlawına sebep boladı. Xubilay mámleketti basqarıwdıń qıtaysha usılın qollansa da, jergilikli hámeldarlardıń xızmetinen bas tartadı. Mámleket hámeldarları arasında hár túrli xalıq wákillerin ushıratıw múmkin edi. Atap aytqanda, veneciyalı sayaxatshı hám sawdager Marko Polo Xubilayxan sarayında joqarı lawazımdı iyelegen. Min dinastiyasınıń basqarıwı. Monǵollar imperiyasınıń krizisi baslanıwı menen XIV ásir ortalarında Qıtayda da xalıq azatlıq háreketi kúsheyedi. Xenan hám Shandun wálayatlarında 1351-jılı baslanǵan diyqanlar kóterilisi tez arada pútkil mámleketti qamtıp aladı. Kóteriliske monax Ju Yuan-Jan basshılıq etedi. 1368-jılı monǵollardan azat bolǵan Qıtayda Yuan Jan tıykar salǵan Min imperiyasınıń basqarıwı baslanadı. 1368-jılı Qıtayda Yuan Jan tıykar salǵan Min imperiyası dúziledi. Min áskerleri monǵollarǵa qısım etip, olardıń paytaxtı Qaraqurımdı iyelep, jandırıp jıberedi. Sol tárizde kóshpelilerdiń Qıtayǵa hújimlerine shek qoyıladı. Bunda qıtaylılarǵa oq-dári (porox) hám toplardan keń túrde qollanılıwı qol keledi. Mámleket xojalıǵın tiklew ushın ónerment hám sawdagerlerden alınatuǵın tólemler azaytılıp, qullardı azat etiw haqqında nızam qabıl etiledi. Jasalma suwǵarıw qurılmaları, kanallar, bógetler hám suw saqlaǵıshları tiklenedi. Egin maydanları keńeyip, mámleket xalqınıń sanı da artıp baradı. XV ásirde Qıtay. Mámlekette úlken feodallar hákimiyatı bekkemleniwi menen monǵollar basqınshılıǵı belgilerin tamamlaw ushın diyqanlar, ónermentler hám sawdagerlerge berilgen jeńillikler biykar etiledi. Diyqanlarǵa bólip berilgen mámleket jerleri tartıp alınıp, ónermentler hám sawdagerlerden alınatuǵın salıqlar kóbeyttiriledi.XV ásirdiń baslarınan Min áwladınıń Amır Temur saltanatı menen qatnasları buzıladı. Tek Amir Temurdıń tosattan qaytıs bolıwı Qıtayǵa qarsı atlanıstıń ámelge aspawına sebep boladı, bul bolsa Qıtaydǵa 1406-jılı Vyetnamdı, keyin ala Monǵoliyanı basıp alıwına jol ashadı. Mámlekettiń ekonomikalıq jaqtan rawajlanıwı Jan Xe basshılıǵında áskeriy teńiz flotınıń xızmetinde kórinedi. Quramında 62 keme, 30 mıń jawıngeri bolǵan áskeriy ekspediciya 1405—1433-jılları Zond arxipelagi, Şri-Lanka hám Hindistanǵa 7 márte atlanisin sholkemlestiredi.Onin kemeleri Ormuz (Parsı) qoltıǵı hám Shıǵıs Afrikanıń jaǵalarına shekem júzip barǵan. Musılman bolǵan Jan Xe Mekkeni zıyarat etedi. Bul ekspediciyalar Qıtaydıń abırayın arttırıp, sırtqı sawdanı keńeytiw imkanın beredi. Qıtay imperatorları 1415—1420-jılları Samarqandqa Uluǵbek sarayına da elshiler jiberedi. Biraq, Temuriyler mámleketi abroyı joqarı bolǵanlıǵınan oǵan Qıtaydıń qısımları tásir ete almaǵan. XV ásirdiń ortalarında ekonomikalıq krizistiń baslanıwı Qıtaydıń ishki rawajlańıwına hám sırtqı siyasatına unamsız tásir kórsetedi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="XV-XIX_asirler">XV-XIX asirler</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=4" title="XV-XIX asirler bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: XV-XIX asirler"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chin (Cin) imperiyasınıń hálsirewi. XVIII ásir aqırlarına kelip, imperiyanıń basıp alıwshılıq qúdireti hálsiredi. Ekonomikalıq tubalawshılıq hám mámleket xalqınıń tiykarǵı bólimin qurawshı diyqanlardıń jarlılanıwı olardı kóterilis shıǵarıwǵa májbúr etti. Solay etip, Qıtay ishki qarama-qarsılıqlar qısqısında qaldı. Húkimdar dinastiya ómiri tawsılıp atırǵan dúzimdi barlıq sharalar menen saqlap qalıwǵa urındı. Olar barlıq qarsılıqlardı ayawsızlıq penen bastırdı. Bul dáwirde Qıtayǵa Ullı Britaniya hám Franciya sawdagerleriniń kirip keliwi kúsheydi. Olardıń belsendi hareketleri Qıtay húki-metin qáweterge salıp qoydı. Shet elliklerdiń mámleketke kóplep kirip keliwiniń aldın alıw maqsetinde imperator 1757-jılı Qıtay bándirgi orın-ların sırtqı sawda ushın jabıq dep daǵazaladı. «Jabıq esikler» dep at al-ǵan bul siyasat Qıtaydı sırtqı dúnyadan ajıratıp qoyıwǵa qaratıldı. Sırtqı sawda imperator hámeldarları baqlawı astında tek Guanjou portı arqalı ǵana alıp barılatuǵın boldı. Qıtaydıń ózin-ózi jekkeletip qoyıw siyasatı feodallıq tártiplerdiń saqlanıwına járdem berdi. Onıń ekonomikalıq, jámiyetlik hám mádeniy rawajlanıwına úlken zıyankeltirdi. Imperator hákimshiligi ilim hám texnika tarawında basqa xalıqlardıń jetiskenliklerin biykar etti. Mámleket artta qalıwshılıq batpaǵına batıp qaldı. Usınday bir sharayatta Ullı Britaniya húkimeti Qıtaydı óz sawdagerleri ushın ashıwǵa bar imkaniyatı menen urındı. Chin imperatorınıń qaysarlıǵın sındırıw ushın oǵan bir báháne kerek edi. </p><p><b>Birinshi opium urısı</b>. Ullı Britaniya sawdagerleri Hindistannan nızamsız túrde Qıtayǵa opium (qara dári) kirgize basladı. Jergilikli Qıtay hákimshiligi opium tiyelgen kárwanlardı konfiskaciyalaǵanına juwap retinde Britaniya húkimeti opiumdi hám inglis tovarların alıp kiriwdi nızamlastırıw ushın 1840-jılı Qıtayǵa qarsı urıs basladı. Urıs tariyxqa «Birinshi opium urısı» atı menen kirgen. Bul urıs 1842-jılǵa shekem dawam etti. Urısta Qıtaydıń ekonomikalıq hám áskeriy texnika jaǵınan artta qalıwı sebepli jeńiliske ushıradı. Urıs aqırında Ullı Britaniya Gonkong atawın basıp aldı hám Qıtaydı sırt el sawdagerleri ushın birneshe portlardı ashıp qoyıw haqqındaǵı shárt-namaǵa qol qoyıwǵa májbúr etti. Biraq, Qıtay opium alıp kiriliwiniń nızamlı ekenligin tán almadı. </p><p><b>Ekinshi opium urısı</b>. 1856 — 1860-jılları ekinshi opium urısı júz berdi. Bul saparı Qıtay Ullı Britaniya hám Franciyanıń birlesken armiyasınıń kúshli soqqısına ushıradı. Olar Pekin bosaǵalarında júdá bay ǵáziynelerge iye bolǵan imperatordıń jazǵı sarayın taladı hám wayran etti. Kolonizatorlar Qıtaydı jańa, teń bolmaǵan shártnamalar dúziwge májbúrledi. Shet elliklerge jáne basqa portlar arqalı da sawda etiwge ruqsat etildi hám jańa jeńillikler berildi. Sol waqıtta inglis hám francuz puqaraları Qıtay aymaǵında Qıtay nızamlarına hám sudına boysınıwdan azat etildi. Eger olar jınayat islegen jaǵdayda, olardı mámlekettiń tiyisli elshisi sol mámlekettiń nızamlarına tiykarlanıp sudlaytuǵın edi. Òeńiz sawdasında ústemlikke erisken Ullı Britaniya Qıtayda hámmeden kóbirek jeńilliklerge iye boldı. Teńiz jaǵasındaǵı úlken qalalarda payda bolǵan arnawlı kvartallarda tek shet elliler jasaytuǵın edi, ol jerge Qıtay hákimshiligi xızmetkerleri kire almaytuǵın edi. Diyqanlar kóterilisi hám Taypinler mámleketi (1850–1864). Húkimettiń baǵınıwshılıq siyasatı aqıbetinde Qitaydıń Evropa mámleketleri yarım koloniyasına aylanıp barıwı hám de feodallıq zulımınıń kúsheyiwi xalıq massasınıń keskin narazılıǵına sebep boldı. Aqıbetinde, diyqanlar kóterilis shıǵarıwǵa májbúr boldı. Bul kóterilis 1850-jılı mámleket qublasında baslandı. Chin dinastiyası hám feodallarǵa qarsı gúres kolonizatorlarǵa qarsı gúres penen qosılıp ketti. Kóterilisshilerge diyqannıń balası, mektep muǵallimi Xun Syucyuan basshılıq etti. Kóterisshiler Yanczi wálayatında «Kóktegi molshılıq mámleketi» («Taypin tyango») qurdı. Oniń orayı Nankin qalası boldı. Xun Syucyuan pikirinshe, bunday mámleketlerde diyqanlar jámiyet bolıp jasawı, jámiyette «heshbir zatqa teńsizlik bolmaw ushın, hámmeniń toq hám kiyimi pútin bolıwı ushın jerine iye bolıp oǵan birgelikte islew beriw, awqattı birgelikte jew, kiyim-kenshekti teńdey bólistiriw, puldı birgelikte jumsawı lazım» edi. Xalıqtıń turmısı áskeriy tártip tiykarında qurıldı. Hárbir shańaraqtıń bir áskerden armiyaǵa jetkerip beriwi belgilenip qoyıldı. Áskeriy bólim baslıǵı sol waqıtta bólim jaylasqan aymaqta mámleket hákimiyatın ámelge asırdı. Barlıq er adamlar bir miynet lagerine, hayal-qızlar hám balalar basqa jerge jaylastırıldı. 1757-jılı Qıtay imperatorı bándirgilerin sırtqı sawda ushın jabıq dep daǵazaladı. </p><p><b>Taypinlerdiń jeńilisi</b>. Kóterilis basshılarınıń arzıw-úmitleri push qıyal edi. Olardıń jerdi shańaraq aǵzalarınıń sanına qarap teń bólip beriw haqqındaǵı rejeleri kóteriliste qatnasıp atırǵan múlk iyeleriniń qatlamların kóterilisten uzaqlastırdı. Bul jaǵday taypinler basshıları arasında kelispewshilik kelip shıǵıwına sebep boldı. Jer ala almaǵan diyqanlar bolsa úmitsizlikke túse basladı. Bul bolsa mámleket hákimshiligine taypinlerdi qıyratıwda járdem berdi. Húkimet kúsh toplap, hújimge ótti. Oǵan Ullı Britaniya, Franciya hám Amerika Qurama Shtatları járdem berdi. Ullı mámleketler Qıtayda kriziske júz tutqan cin dinastiyası húkimdarlıǵın saqlanıp qalıwınan mápdar edi. 1864-jılı húkimet armiyası kóterilis basshıları jaylasqan Nankin qalasın basıp aldı. Xun Syucyuan óz janına qas etti. Òaypinler kóterilisi bastırılǵannan keyin shet el kolonizatorları cin dinastiyasın qollapquwatlawdı dawam etti hám onıń jańa jan beriwlerine eristi. XIX ásirdiń baslarında ele ullı mámleket sanalǵan Qıtay ásir ortalarına kelip, Batıs mámleketleri, keyin bolsa AQSh, Rossiya hám Yaponiyanıń da koloniallıq mápleri kesisken eń áhmiyetli aymaqqa aylandı. Qıtaydıń ekonomikalıq hám áskeriy qalaqlıǵı onıń óz-ózinen saqlanıp atırǵan ullı mámleket dárejesine qaramastan, onı Batıs mámleketleriniń yarım koloniyasına aylandırdı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XIX-XX_asirler">XIX-XX asirler</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=5" title="XIX-XX asirler bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: XIX-XX asirler"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XIX ásirdiń aqırında Qıtay tómen, yarım feodal mámleket edi. Jerdiń tiykarǵı bólimi feodal baylardıń qolında edi. Kóp-shilik diyqanlar jer iyelerinen jerdi ijaraǵa alatuǵın, ijara haqını pul menen yaki zúráát esabınan tóleytuǵın edi. Jeri bar diyqanlar júdá az edi. Diyqanlar qalaǵa jumıs izlep keletuǵın edi. Biraq, hárdayım da jumıs tabılmaytuǵın edi. Sebebi, Qıtay sanaatı júdá ásten rawajlanıp atırǵan edi. </p><p>XIX ásirdiń sońǵı shereginen baslap elde kapitalistlik qatnasıqlar da rawajlana basladı. Dáslepki temir jollar qurıldı. Ekonomikalıq baylanıslar keńeydi. Iri qalalar payda boldı. </p><p>Jumısshılar sanı kóbeydi. Sanaattıń júzege keliwi menen milliy burjuaziya qáliplese basladı. Milliy burjuaziyanıń kópshiligi kompradorlardan ibarat edi. Olar ámelde sırt el firmalarınıń jallanǵan wákilleri edi. Olar sırttan keltirilgen tovarlardı satıw hám arzan shiyki zat satıp alıw esabınan bayıytuǵın edi. </p><p>Pulǵa mútáj bolǵan Chin dinastiyası sırt mámleketleri menen awır shártler tiykarında shártnamalar dúzip hám milliy mápke qılaplıq túrde olarǵa kelisim berdi. 70-jılları-aq sırt ellikler Qıtaydıń 26 portına erkin kirip, xojayınlarday is júrgizdi. </p><p>Temir jollar qurılısı shet ellikler qaramaǵında edi. Kómir shaxtaları, kánlerdiń úlken bólimi de olardıń ıqtıyarında bolıp, Qıtay shet mámleketleriniń shiyki zat bazasına aylanıp qaldı. Sırt ellikler úlken qalalarda óz mákanların dúzip, Qıtay administratorların mensinbesten, ózinshe is júrgizetuǵın edi. </p><p>Qıtaydıń Yaponiya menen 1894 — 1895-jıllardaǵı urısta jeńiliwi sırt el monopolistleriniń Qıtaydı kóbirek talawı, eziwlerine sebep boldı. 1897—1898-jılları Germaniya Jaochouvan (Chin-dao) portın basıp aldı hám Shandun wálayatın óz qol astına aldı. Franciya Guamchuvan qoltıǵın iyeledi hám Yunan wálayatında ústemlik tásirin ótkerdi. Rossiya Port-Arturdı (Lyushun), Ullı Britaniya Veyxayvey portın ijaraǵa aldı. Eń bay aymaq — Yandzi dáryası basseyni Ullı Britaniyanıń qolastına ótti. Fudziyan wálayatında yapon basqınshıları ústemlik etip aldı. Qıtaydaǵı hárqanday ózgerisler ullı mámleketler tárepinen qadaǵalanıp barıldı. Solay etip, Qıtay yarım koloniyaǵa aylandı. </p><p>XIX ásirdiń aqırında Qıtayda dáslepki sanaat kárxanaları payda boldı. 1881-jılı Arqa Qıtayda 1-temir jol iske tústi. 1897-jılı bul jerde 600 ge jaqın shet el firmaları boldı. Biraq, sanaat kárxanalarınıń ósiwi hám kóbeyiwi ástelik penen júrdi. </p><p>Import eksporttan ádewir kóp edi. Qıtay menen Ullı Britaniya arasında dúzilgen konvenciya Qıtaydı jáne de qıyın awhalǵa saldı. Konvenciya Ullı Britaniyaǵa Qıtaydıń 10 nan aslam portına erkin kiriw, ayırım wálayatlarda jeńillikli sawda etiw huqıqın berdi.1884- jılı Franciyanıń Vyetnamdı basıp alıwı sebepli Franciya — Qıtay qatnasıqları buzıldı. Usı jılı Qıtay Oraylıq Vyetnam ústinen rásmiy ústemliginen bas tarttı hám ol jerde Franciya protektoratın tán aldı. Qıtay húkimeti Franciya menen asıǵıs pitim dúzip, Franciyaǵa bir qatar máselelerde kelisim berdi. </p><p>Qıtay endi ǵana sanaatlasıw jolına ótken-de shet mámleketler tárepinen talan-taraj etiliwi xalıqtıń awhalına awır tásir etti. Qıtaydı tuwrı rawajlanıw jolına alıp shıǵıw haqqında túrli pikirler qáliplesti. Bul reformalawshı háreket delindi. Bul dáwir jámiyetlik háreketinde Sun Yat Cenniń ornı ayrıqsha áhmiyetke iye boldı. Ol Qıtaydı revolyuciya jolına baslaǵan jolbaslawshı edi. Sun Yat Cenniń «Qıtay oyanıw jámiyeti» shólkemi manjurlardıń Cin dinastiyasın awdarıp taslaw, Qıtayda demokratiyalıq milliy mámleket dúziw ushın gúresti. </p><p>Qıtaydaǵı jámiyetlik hárekette «Ixetuan» — «Tınıshlıq hám ádillik ushın kóterilgen mush» jasırın shólkem de úlken rol oynadı. «Ixetuan»lar «Manjur cinlerin aydap shıǵaramız, shet elliklerdi saplastıramız» uranı astında is tutatuǵın edi. </p><p>1899-jılı «Ixetuan» háreketi qozǵalań túsin aldı. Ixetuanlar Yaponiyaǵa salıq tólewdi toqtatıw, Taywandı Qıtayǵa birlestiriw talapların qoydı. Chin húkimeti qozǵalańnan qorqıp qaldı. Se-bebi, Ixetuanlar paytaxt hám wálayatlardıń derlik yarımın iye-lep alǵan edi. 1900-jılı húkimet qozǵalańshılarǵa qarsı jibergen áskerler jeńildi. Qozǵalańshılardıń jaqsı shólkemlesken otryadları Pekinge júris basladı hám bul jerde óz hákimiyatın ornattı. </p><p>Bul waqıya Pekinge shet ellikler inter-venciyası baslanıwına báne boldı. Interven-siyada segiz mámleket —Germaniya, Yaponiya, Italiya, Ullı Britaniya, AQSh, Franciya, Rossiya hám Avstriya-Vengriya qatnastı. Olardıń hárbiri Qıtayda úlkenirek úleske iye bolıw maqsetin gózleytuǵın edi. </p><p>1899-jılı sentyabrde AQSh mámleket xatkeri Xeydiń «Ashıq esikler hám teń imkaniyatlar» siyasatı járiyalandı hám «Xey» doktrinası dep ataldı. </p><p>1900-jılı iyul ayında shet el interventleri jalpı hújimge ótti hám Pekindi iyeledi. Shet ellikler qalanı hám imperator sarayın qıyrattı. Segiz mámleket Qıtaydı qulshılıqqa túsiretuǵın shártnamaǵa qol qoyıwǵa májbúr etti. Shártnamada qozǵalańda qatnasqan belgili adamlardı óltiriw yamasa súrginge jiberiw talap etildi. Sonday-aq, Pekin menen teńiz boyı ortasındaǵı jollardı qorǵaw ushın shet mámleketlerge Qıtayda óz áskerlerin saqlawǵa ruqsat berildi. Bunnan tısqarı, Qıtay shet el interventlerine 33 mln. dollar salıq tólewge májbúr etildi. Qıtayǵa qural-jaraq kirgiziw qadaǵan etildi. Shet elliklerdiń Qıtaydaǵı jeńillikleri kóbeydi. Nátiyjede, Qıtay jáne de qorǵanıwsız qaldı. Sol payıtta, Ixetuan qozǵalańı kolonizatorlardı abaylılıq penen háreket etiwge májbúr etti. </p><p><b>Qitaydin social-ekonomikaliq jagdayi</b> </p><p>XX ásirdiń baslarında Qıtayda social-lıq qarama-qarsılıqlar kúsheyip ketti. Manjurlardıń Chin dinastiyasınıń ústemligi kriziske ushıradı. Reforma ilajları jámiyettiń awhalın jaq-sılamadı. Qıtayda sanaattıń rawajlanıwı menen oǵan tosıq bolǵan feodal jer iyelewshiligine tán artta qalǵan óndiris qatnasıqları arasında qarama-qarsılıq tereńlesti. Xalıq arasında manjurlar basqarıwına qarsı háreket kúsheydi. Qıtay sanaatınıń rawajlanıwı ádewir artta qaldı. Degen menen, hár jılı 50 den kóbirek kárxana iske qosıldı. Nátiyjede, eksport kólemi 2 ese ósti. Shet mámleketler ishinde Ullı Britaniya tovar almaslawda 1-orında turatuǵın edi. Qıtaydıń shet mámleketlerden qarızı barǵan sayın artıp bardı. </p><p>Revolyucioner demokrat Sun Yat Cen (1866—1925) Qıtaydaǵı milliy-azatlıq háreketiniń iskeri edi. Ol Guanchou (Kanton) janında diyqan shańaraǵında tuwıldı. Ol 90-jıllardıń basında Hong-kongta inglis medicina institutın tamamladı. Keyingi ómirin ol siyasiy taraw menen baylanıstırdı. 1905-jılı «Qıtay shólkemleri awqamı» (Tunminxay) degen siyasiy shólkem dúzdi. Iri qalalarda bul awqamnıń jasırın bólim‚leri ashıldı. Bul awqam 1905-jılı noyabrde «Minbao» (Xalıq gazetası)nı shıǵara basladı. «Awqam» Sun Yat Cen basshılıǵında baǵdarlama qabılladı. Onda Chin monarxiyasın awdarıp taslaw, Respublika shólkemlestiriw hám jerge iyelik huqıqın teńlestiriw, ǵárezsizlikti tiklew kózde tutılǵan edi. </p><p>Sun Yat Cen social-ekonomikalıq jaqtan tómen rawajlanǵan Qıtayda jerge iyelik huqıqın teńlestiriw jolı menen sociallıq ádil dúzim jaratıw múmkin, degen pikirde edi. </p><p>Sun Yat Cen shólkemi respublika dú-zimin ornatıw maqsetin qoydı. Bul manjurlarǵa qarsı háreketti jáne de kúsheytti. Bul háreket 1911-jılı shet elliklerden temir jol qurılısı ushın qarız alıw haqqında pitim dúzilgennen keyin, qurallı qarsılıq tús aldı. Hátteki, armiyada da narazılıq baslandı. </p><p>Wuhan qalasında áskerler jataqxanasın tintiwge kirgen manjur tárepdarların áskerler óltirdi. Qural-jaraq qoymasın basıp aldı. Basqa ásker bólimleri de olarǵa qosıldı. Revolyucionerler 11-oktyabrde Wuhandı qolǵa aldı. Olar Respublika húkimetin dúzdi hám barlıq Qıtay wálayatların Respublika átirapında birlesiwge shaqırdı. Manjur dinastiyası ústemligi qulatılǵanlıǵı járiyalandı. Bul revolyuciya «Cinxay revolyuciyası» dep atalıp, ol qurallı qozǵalań jolı menen Qıtayda XVII ásirden baslap húkim súrgen manjurlar hákimiyatın awdarıp tasladı. </p><p>1911-jılı kóp jıllıq emigraciyadan soń Sun Yat Cen Qıtayǵa qaytıp keldi. 29-dekabrde Nankinde revolyuciyalıq wálayatlar wákillerinen ibarat Millet Májilisi jıynaldı. Millet Májilisi Qıtaydı Respublika dep járiyaladı hám emigraciyadan qaytıp kelgen Sun Yat Cendi Qıtay Respublikasınıń waqıtsha prezidenti etip sayladı. Millet Májilisi qabıl etken konstituciyada barlıq puqaralardıń teńligi hám túrli demokratiyalıq erkinlikler járiya-lansa da, diyqanlardıń arzıw-ármanları bolǵan «jerge iyelik etiwde teń huqıqlı bolıw» shaqırıǵı óz kórinisin tappadı. Bunıń sebebi — jerge iyelik etiwde teń huqıqqa iye bolıwǵa qarsı kúshlerdiń úlken abırayǵa iye bolǵanlıǵı edi. </p><p>Revolyuciya nátiyjesinde Qıtayda eki hákimiyat júzege keldi. Biri — Qıtay Respublikası hákimiyatı, ekinshisi — Arqada saqlanıp qalǵan imperator hákimiyatı edi. Pekingdegi imperator húkimetiniń baslıǵı Yuan Shikay edi. </p><p>Ullı mámleketlerdi Qıtaydaǵı poziciyasınıń qanday bolıwı táshwishke saldı. Sonlıqtan, olar túrli báneler menen Qıtaydıń ishki jumıslarına aralasa basladı. Olar Qıtaydaǵı revolyuciyanı qural kúshi menen bastırıw maqsetinde óz kúshlerin birlestirdi. </p><p>Ullı mámleketlerdiń Peking húkimetin qollap-quwatlawdaǵı maqseti Qıtaydıń ishki islerine aralasıw edi. Biraq, bul Qıtayda ulıwma narazılıq keltirip shıǵardı. Xalıq shet el tovarların boykot ete basladı. Usınday sharayatta respublikaǵa qarsı kúshler Bas wázir Yuan Shikay átirapına birlesti. </p><p>Peking saray xalqı oǵan monarxiyanıń qáwenderi dep qa-raytuǵın edi. Biraq, Yuan Shikay revolyuciyalıq hárekettiń qısımı menen 1912-jıl 12-fevral kúni Chin dinastiyasın taxttan waz keshiwine májbúr etti. Ústem qatlamlar pútkil háki-miyattı oǵan tapsırıwǵa urındı. Bul waqıtta, ullı mámleketler de Sun Yat Cenniń húkimiyattan ketiwin ashıq talap etti hám Qıtayǵa intervenciya uyımlastırıwǵa ashıq túrde tayarlıq kóre basladı. Qıtayǵa qarsı intervenciya qáwpi astında Sun Yat Cen prezidentlik lawazımın Yuan Shikayǵa tapsırıwǵa májbúr boldı. </p><p>Pútkil hákimiyattı iyelegen Yuan Shikay demokratiyalıq er-kinliklerdi joqqa shıǵara basladı. Ol jumısın revolyuciya ásker-lerin pútkilley quralsızlandırıwdan basladı. Húkimetke qarsı dúzilgen topar aǵzalarınıń táǵdiri ólim menen juwmaqlanatuǵın edi. Hárbir awılda jazalaw toparı jumıs isledi. Soǵan qaramay, demokratiyalıq kúshler 1912-jılı Gomindan (Milliy partiyanı)dı dúzdi. Partiya basqarıwı lawazımına Sun Yat Cen saylandı. </p><p>Óz jeńisinen ruwxlanǵan Yuan Shikay Millet Májilisin ózin bes jıl múddetke prezident etip saylawǵa májbúr etti. Ullı mámleketler menen jańa gedeylikke túsiretuǵın qarız haqqında shártnamaǵa qol qoydı. Sonnan keyin, ullı mámleketler Qıtay Respublikasın tán alǵanlıǵın bildirdi. Qıtaydıń ekonomikalıq awhalı awırlastı. Xalıqtıń turmıs dárejesi tómenledi. Usınday bir jaǵdayda Gomindan xalıqtı qozǵalań baslawǵa shaqırdı. 1913-jılı Qıtaydıń qublasında húkimettiń siyasatına qarsı «Ekinshi revolyuciya» dep atalǵan qozǵalań baslanıp ketti. </p><p>Biraq, kúshler teń bolmaǵanlıǵı sebepli shet mámleketler-den áskeriy járdem alǵan húkimet áskerleri tárepinen «Ekinshi revolyuciya» háreketi qıyratıldı. </p><p>1914-jılı Yuan Shikay Konstituciyalıq Keńes shaqırdı. Onda «Jańa Qıtay Konstituciyası» qabıl etildi. Yuan Shikay prezident sıpatında sheklenbegen hákimiyatqa iye boldı. Mámlekette áskeriy diktatura ornatıldı. Respublika basqarıw organları saplastırıldı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siyasıy_basqarılıw_forması"><span id="Siyas.C4.B1y_basqar.C4.B1l.C4.B1w_formas.C4.B1"></span>Siyasıy basqarılıw forması</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Siyasıy basqarılıw forması bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Siyasıy basqarılıw forması"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Is júzinde, Qıtay- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitarl%C4%B1q_respublika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitarlıq respublika (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">unitarlıq respublika</a>,xalıqtıń <a href="/wiki/Demokratiya" title="Demokratiya">demokratiyalıq</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diktatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diktatura (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">diktaturasına</a> tiykarlanǵan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociall%C4%B1q_m%C3%A1mleket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociallıq mámleket (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">sociallıq mámleket</a>. Mámlekettiń tiykarǵı nızamı-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay_konstitutsiyas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qıtay konstitutsiyası (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Konstitutsiya</a>,1982 jılı qabıllanǵan. Joqarǵı basqarıw organı- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ul%C4%B1wmaq%C4%B1tay_Xal%C4%B1q_W%C3%A1killeri_J%C4%B1ynal%C4%B1s%C4%B1(UXWJ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulıwmaqıtay Xalıq Wákilleri Jıynalısı(UXWJ) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ulıwmaqıtay Xalıq Wákilleri Jıynalısı(UXWJ)</a>. Ol jámi 2979 xalıq wákillerinen (<a href="/wiki/Deputat" title="Deputat">deputatlardan</a> turadı. Deputatlar hár 5 jılda bir márte saylanadı.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ul%C4%B1wmaq%C4%B1tay_Xal%C4%B1q_W%C3%A1killeri_J%C4%B1ynal%C4%B1s%C4%B1(UXWJ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulıwmaqıtay Xalıq Wákilleri Jıynalısı(UXWJ) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">UXWJl</a> sessiyası jılına bir márte shaqırıladı. Sessiyalar arasında wákillikti óz moynına <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ul%C4%B1wmaq%C4%B1tay_Xal%C4%B1q_W%C3%A1killeri_J%C4%B1ynal%C4%B1s%C4%B1_Uday%C4%B1l%C4%B1q_Komiteti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulıwmaqıtay Xalıq Wákilleri Jıynalısı Udayılıq Komiteti (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Ulıwmaqıtay Xalıq Wákilleri Jıynalısı Udayılıq Komiteti</a> aladı. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saylaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saylaw (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Saylawlarda</a> tek Qıtay kommunistlik partiyalarınan hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay_Xal%C4%B1q_siyas%C4%B1y_konsultativlik_Ke%C5%84esi(QXSKK)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qıtay Xalıq siyasıy konsultativlik Keńesi(QXSKK) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Qıtay Xalıq siyasıy konsultativlik Keńesi(QXSKK)niń</a> 8 "demokratiyalıq" partiyalarınan deputatlar saylaw huqıqına iye boladı. <a href="/wiki/Gonkong" title="Gonkong">Gonkong</a> hám <a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makao</a> arnawlı-aymaqlıq rayonları jeke basqarıw organlarına iye. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ul%C4%B1wmaq%C4%B1tay_Xal%C4%B1q_W%C3%A1killeri_J%C4%B1ynal%C4%B1s%C4%B1(UXWJ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulıwmaqıtay Xalıq Wákilleri Jıynalısı(UXWJ) (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">UXWJnıń</a> barlıq <a href="/wiki/Deputat" title="Deputat">deputatları</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kommunist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kommunist (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">kommunistlik</a> hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demokrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demokrat (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">demokratlıq</a> blok wákiller esaplanadı. </p><p>Mámleket basshısı- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay_Xal%C4%B1q_Respublikas%C4%B1_Xatkeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası Xatkeri (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Qıtay Xalıq Respublikası Xatkeri</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Jinping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Jinping (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Shi Jinping</a>) hám basqarıw organı basshısı-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay_Mamleketlik_Kenesi_Premyeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qıtay Mamleketlik Kenesi Premyeri (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Qıtay Mamleketlik Kenesi Premyeri</a> (Li Ketsyan). </p><p>Orınlaw apparatınıń eń joqarǵı organı- <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1mleketlik_Ke%C5%84es-Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mámleketlik Keńes-Qıtay (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Mámleketlik Keńes</a>.Onıń quramına premyer,onıń orınbasarları,Keńes aǵzaları,ministrler,Komitet wákilleri,Bas Revizor hám juwapker xatker. </p><p>Joqarǵı Sud organı- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joqar%C7%B5%C4%B1_Xal%C4%B1q_Sud%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joqarǵı Xalıq Sudı (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Joqarǵı Xalıq Sudı</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prokuror&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prokuror (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Prokurorlıq</a> tekseriwdi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joqar%C7%B5%C4%B1_Xal%C4%B1q_Prokuraturas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joqarǵı Xalıq Prokuraturası (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Joqarǵı Xalıq Prokuraturası</a> ámelge asıradı. </p><p>Jergilikli basqarıw organları- Xalıq Wákilleri jıynalısı, al hamme waqıt is júrgiziwshi jergilikli organ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uday%C4%B1l%C4%B1q_Komitet-Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udayılıq Komitet-Qıtay (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Udayılıq Komitet</a> bolıp tawıladı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aymaqlıq_bóliniwi"><span id="Aymaql.C4.B1q_b.C3.B3liniwi"></span>Aymaqlıq bóliniwi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aymaqlıq bóliniwi bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Aymaqlıq bóliniwi"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografiyalıq_jaylasıwı"><span id="Geografiyal.C4.B1q_jaylas.C4.B1w.C4.B1"></span>Geografiyalıq jaylasıwı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Geografiyalıq jaylasıwı bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Geografiyalıq jaylasıwı"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qıtay geografiyalıq jaqtan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C4%B1g%27%C4%B1s_Aziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shıg'ıs Aziya (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Shıg'ıs Aziya</a> da jaylasqa. Shıǵısında Tınısh okeanı menen, Arqa-Batısında- <a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a> menen, Arqa-Shıǵısında- <a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a> hám <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreya_Xal%C4%B1q_Demokratiyal%C4%B1q_Reapublikas%C4%B1(KXDR)KXDR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq Reapublikası(KXDR)KXDR (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq Reapublikası(KXDR)KXDR</a> menen, Arqasında- <a href="/wiki/Mongoliya" title="Mongoliya">Mongoliyamenen</a> Batısında- <a href="/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan">Qazaqstan</a>,<a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1zstan" title="Qırǵızstan">Qırǵızstan</a>,<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1jikstan" title="Tájikstan">Tájikstan</a>,<a href="/wiki/Aw%C7%B5anstan" title="Awǵanstan">Awǵanstan</a> menen, Qubla-Batısında -<a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanqarawında</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Djammu-Kashmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djammu-Kashmir (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">bolǵanDjammu-Kashmir</a>,<a href="/wiki/Hindistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a>,<a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>,<a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butanmenen</a>, Qublasında- <a href="/wiki/Myanma" title="Myanma">Myanma</a>,<a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>,<a href="/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam">Vyetnam</a> mámleketleri menen shegaralasadı. Mámlekette tek ǵana bir saat poyası bar - <a href="/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTC+8 (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">UTC+8</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derekler">Derekler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Derekler bólimin ózgertiw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%C4%B1tay&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Derekler"><span>derekti redaktorlaw</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r52321">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table align="center" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="10" valign="top"></td> <td colspan="1" align="center" style="background:#AFD6FF" width="120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Aziya" title="Aziya">Aziyadaǵı</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1mleketler_dizimi" title="Mámleketler dizimi">mámleketler</a></b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Aw%C7%B5anstan" title="Awǵanstan">Awǵanstan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81zerbayjan" title="Ázerbayjan">Ázerbayjan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Baxreyn" title="Baxreyn">Baxreyn</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Birlesken_Arab_%C3%81mirlikleri" title="Birlesken Arab Ámirlikleri">Birlesken Arab Ámirlikleri</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bruney" title="Bruney">Bruney</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Qubla_Koreya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qubla Koreya">Qubla Koreya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qıtay</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Armeniya" title="Armeniya">Armeniya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippin</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gruziya" title="Gruziya">Gruziya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq">Iraq</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hindistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Izrail" title="Izrail">Izrail</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kuveyt" title="Kuveyt">Kuveyt</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Livan" title="Livan">Livan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya">Malayziya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Maldiv_Atawlar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldiv Atawları">Maldiv</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a><sup>1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mongoliya" title="Mongoliya">Mongoliya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Myanma" title="Myanma">Myanma</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%93zbekstan" title="Ózbekstan">Ózbekstan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan">Qazaqstan</a><sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kipr" title="Kipr">Kipr</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1zstan" title="Qırǵızstan">Qırǵızstan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a><sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Saudiya_Arabstan%C4%B1" title="Saudiya Arabstanı">Saudiya Arabstanı</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya">Siriya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%B1%C7%B5%C4%B1s_Timor" title="Shıǵıs Timor">Shıǵıs Timor</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Arqa_Koreya" class="mw-redirect" title="Arqa Koreya">Arqa Koreya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Shri-Lanka" title="Shri-Lanka">Shri-Lanka</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1jikstan" title="Tájikstan">Tájikstan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tailand" title="Tailand">Tailand</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArkiya" title="Túrkiya">Túrkiya</a><sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenstan" title="Túrkmenstan">Túrkmenstan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Iordaniya" title="Iordaniya">Iordaniya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam">Vyetnam</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"> <td>Negizi ǵárezsiz, biraq tanılmaǵan yaki azǵantay tanılǵan mámleketler: <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya">Abxaziya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Qubla_Osetiya" title="Qubla Osetiya">Qubla Osetiya</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan">Tayvan</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawl%C4%B1_Qaraba%C7%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawlı Qarabaǵ (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">Tawlı Qarabaǵ</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Arqa_Kipr_T%C3%BArk_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Arqa Kipr Túrk Respublikası">Arqa Kipr Túrk Respublikası</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">1. Transkontinental mámleket, bir bólegi <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikada</a> <br /> 2. Transkontinental mámleket, bir bólegi <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropada</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53819">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148#" title="Bunı Wikimaǵlıwmatlarda redaktorlaw"><img alt="Bunı Wikimaǵlıwmatlarda redaktorlaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="en:Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575410">XX4575410</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="en:Bibliothèque nationale de France">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936107m">cb11936107m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936107m">(maǵlıwmat)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="en:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03321838?l=en">DA03321838</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4009937-4">4009937-4</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="en:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003405">003405</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="extiw" title="en:International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121761253">0000 0001 2176 1253</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KulturNav" class="extiw" title="en:KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/5d8675f2-cae6-4b51-bbd5-25dd681c1244">5d8675f2-cae6-4b51-bbd5-25dd681c1244</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="extiw" title="en:Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79091151">n79091151</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000040380&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000040380</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusicBrainz" class="extiw" title="en:MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7c81bb69-a99b-3487-b6d4-0f76d7a29ca0">7c81bb69-a99b-3487-b6d4-0f76d7a29ca0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" class="extiw" title="en:National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035686">10035686</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Central_Library" class="extiw" title="en:National Central Library">NCL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=001330416&CON_LNG=ENG">001330416</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="extiw" title="en:National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573772">00573772</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131732&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131732</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35028009">35028009</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000976418&local_base=nlx10">000976418</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLK id KSH1998000658 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORCID" class="extiw" title="en:ORCID">en:ORCID</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-1365">0000-0002-5166-1365</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="extiw" title="en:RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000035439">02-A000035439</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The SBN id RAVV058306 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC" class="extiw" title="en:SNAC">en:SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61s1gf2">w61s1gf2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" class="extiw" title="en:Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027633179">027633179</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132441531">132441531</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="extiw" title="en:WorldCat Identities">en:WorldCat Identities</a> (VIAF arqalı): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/132441531">132441531</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qıtay&oldid=74852">https://kaa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qıtay&oldid=74852</a>» saytınan alınǵan</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arnawl%C4%B1:Kategoriyalar" title="Arnawlı:Kategoriyalar">Kategoriyalar</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoriya:BNE_identifikatorlar%C4%B1_boy%C4%B1nsha_Wikipedia_maqalalar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoriya:BNE identifikatorları boyınsha Wikipedia maqalaları (bet ele jaratılmaǵan)">BNE 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