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href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Livre rootpage-Livre skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left 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title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Livre" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Livre" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kjøpekraft_pariserlivre_1760-1790" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjøpekraft_pariserlivre_1760-1790"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kjøpekraft pariserlivre 1760-1790</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjøpekraft_pariserlivre_1760-1790-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Livre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 25 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre" title="Livre – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livre" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="جنيه فرنسي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنيه فرنسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ливра – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ливра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliura_francesa" title="Lliura francesa – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lliura francesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre" title="Livre – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Livre" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre" title="Livre – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Livre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French livre" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libra_francesa" title="Libra francesa – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libra francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="لیور فرانسه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیور فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Livre française – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre française" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="프랑스 리브르 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 리브르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_livra" title="Francuska livra – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska livra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre" title="Livre – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_(moneda)" title="Livre (moneda) – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Livre (moneda)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre" title="Livre – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Livre" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB" title="リーブル – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リーブル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libra_francesa" title="Libra francesa – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Libra francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Ливр – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Ливр – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ливр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska_livra" title="Francoska livra – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoska livra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ливра – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ливра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_livra" title="Francuska livra – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska livra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_(rahayksikk%C3%B6)" title="Livre (rahayksikkö) – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Livre (rahayksikkö)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Лівр – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лівр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97%E5%B0%94" title="里弗尔 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="里弗尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q607248#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Livre" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Livre&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Livre"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Livre"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Livre" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Livre" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&oldid=18308580" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Livre&id=18308580&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLivre"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLivre"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Livre&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q607248" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Ikke å forveksle med <a href="/wiki/Livr%C3%A9" title="Livré">livré</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg/300px-Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg/450px-Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg/600px-Contre_valeur_en_or_pur_de_la_Livre_Tournois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption><i>Livre tournois</i> hadde over tid et fall i verdi, her uttrykt i morsvarende gullvekt</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Livre</b> var en eldre fransk pengeenhet for sølvpenger basert på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vektenhet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vektenhet (ikke skrevet ennå)">vektenheten</a> ved samme navn, og den varierte opp gjennom århundrene og hadde to hovedtyper som ikke var like. Den antakelig mest utbredte bestod av 489,5 gram (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre_parisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livre parisis (ikke skrevet ennå)">livre parisis</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølv</a>, som kunne inndeles i 20 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sols (ikke skrevet ennå)">sols</a> (sous) eller 240 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deniers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deniers (ikke skrevet ennå)">deniers</a>. </p><p>Ordet <i>livre</i> stammer fra det <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinske</a> ordet <i>libra</i>, en <a href="/wiki/Romersk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romersk">romersk</a> vektenhet - <a href="/wiki/Libra" title="Libra">libra</a>. </p><p>Fra 1200-tallet fungerte livre også som to regnemyntenheter med navnet livre, av hvilke <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre_parisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livre parisis (ikke skrevet ennå)">livre parisis</a></i> var 1/4 større og ble brukt til midten av 1600-tallet, mens <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre_tournois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livre tournois (ikke skrevet ennå)">livre tournois</a></i> holdt seg til 1795, da den ble erstattet av enheten <a href="/wiki/Franc" class="mw-disambig" title="Franc">franc</a>, hvorav 0,9877 tilsvarte 1 livre. Fra 1792 var livren inndelt i 100 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centimes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centimes (ikke skrevet ennå)">centimes</a>. </p><p>Sølvinnholdet i 1 <i>livre tournois</i> var tidlig på 1300-tallet omkring 60 gram, i begynnelsen av 1500-tallet 17 gram, i begynnelsen av 1600-tallet omkring 10 gram og i begynnelsen av 1700-tallet omkring 5 gram. </p><p>Mynt med navnet livre ble preget kun to ganger, dels i 1656 under navnet <i>lis d'argent</i> og så omkring 1720 kalt <i>lis de la compagnie des Indes</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjøpekraft_pariserlivre_1760-1790"><span id="Kj.C3.B8pekraft_pariserlivre_1760-1790"></span>Kjøpekraft pariserlivre 1760-1790</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kjøpekraft pariserlivre 1760-1790" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjøpekraft pariserlivre 1760-1790"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er vanskelig å vurdere historisk valutas kjøpekraft i moderne valuta. Euro-verdiene i annen spalte er derfor bare et forsøk, og siden den ble utarbeidet ca. 2012 vil dens treffsikkerhet forringes over tid. Derimot er kjøpekraften ut fra hva vare- og tjenesteverdi - i tredje spalte - mer sikker. </p> <table class="wikitable zebra hintergrundfarbe5 centered" width="98%" style="padding:1em"> <caption>Enkeltpriser. I <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i> fra midten av 1700-tallet: 1 livre = 20 sous = 240 deniers </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td width="15%">1 livre </td> <td>5 til 15 € </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Table_d%E2%80%99h%C3%B4te" title="Table d’hôte">Table d’hôte</a></i> eller middagsmeny </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td width="15%">2 til 12 sous </td> <td>0,5 til 3 € </td> <td>Brødpris </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>2 sous </td> <td>0,5 € </td> <td>Café au lait </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>1 livre </td> <td>5 til 15 € </td> <td>Sitteplass i <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>2 livres 8 sous </td> <td>5,20 til 15,60 € </td> <td>Sitteplass i <i><a href="/wiki/Pariseroperaen" title="Pariseroperaen">L'Opéra</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>72 livres </td> <td>360 til 1080 € </td> <td>Reise med post<i>carrosse</i> fra Bordeaux til Paris </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>2 livres </td> <td>10 til 30 € </td> <td>Dagslønn for trykkeriansatt, kjent fra produksjonen av <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>3 livres </td> <td>15 til 45 € </td> <td>Forarbeiders dagslønn </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>100 livres </td> <td>500 til 1500 € </td> <td>En handelsreisendes hest </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>300 livres </td> <td>1500 til 4500 € </td> <td>En ny trykkpresse </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>9 livres </td> <td>45 til 135 € </td> <td>En pakker (riem) papir </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>10 livres </td> <td>50 til 150 € </td> <td>Et bind av billigutgaven av Encyclopédie. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>60 livres </td> <td>300 til 900 € </td> <td>En <a href="/wiki/Minot" title="Minot">minot</a> (ca. 39 kg) <a href="/wiki/Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt">salt</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>6 deniers </td> <td>0,13 til 0,4 € </td> <td>Skopuss </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>2 til 20 livres </td> <td>10 til 30 € </td> <td>Prostituert ved <i><a href="/wiki/Palais_Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais Royal">Palais Royal</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td>12 livres </td> <td>60 til 180 € </td> <td>Årsabonnement for <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Gazette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Gazette (ikke skrevet ennå)">La Gazette</a></i> i 1774. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gunnar Carlquist (red.): <i><a href="/wiki/Svensk_uppslagsbok" title="Svensk uppslagsbok">Svensk uppslagsbok</a></i>, Bd 17 (fra 1937). Malmö: Svensk Uppslagsbok AB. s. 441</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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