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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Danish computer scientist and antropologist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Agner Fog</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nativename" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58806631?uselang=en#P69" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58806631?uselang=en#P108" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.agner.org/">https://www.agner.org/</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58806631?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Agner Fog</b> is a Danish <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">evolutionary anthropologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a>. He is currently an associate professor of computer science at the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical University of Denmark</a> (DTU), and has been present at DTU since 1995. He is best known for coining the term "<a href="/wiki/Regality_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Regality Theory">Regality Theory</a>" and for writing extensive optimization manuals for machines running the <a href="/wiki/X86_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="X86 architecture">x86 architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ana_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ana-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_sciences">Social sciences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Social sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agner Fog is the main investigator of <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Regal_and_Kungic_Societal_Structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of Regal and Kungic Societal Structures">Regality Theory</a>, the proposition that the environment a group is in selects for certain psychological traits. As a result, a harsher environment selects for more regal (warlike) social structures while a safer environment selects for more kungic (peaceful) ones.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming_and_mathematics">Programming and mathematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programming and mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optimization">Optimization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Optimization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agner Fog is known as a "CPU analyst" to tech websites covering x86 CPUs.<sup id="cite_ref-ana_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ana-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He maintains a five-volume manual for optimizing code for x86 CPUs, with details on the <a href="/wiki/Instruction_scheduling" title="Instruction scheduling">instruction timing</a> and other features of individual <a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">microarchitectures</a>. He also maintains a Vector Class Library for <a href="/wiki/SIMD" class="mw-redirect" title="SIMD">SIMD</a> math, an assembly subroutine library ("asmlib"), as well as many other utilities.<sup id="cite_ref-optimize_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optimize-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agner Fog has also written extensively on the behavior of <a href="/wiki/Intel_C%2B%2B_Compiler" title="Intel C++ Compiler">Intel C++ Compiler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel_MKL" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel MKL">Intel MKL</a> on non-Intel CPUs, coining the term "cripple AMD" to describe the bias.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vector_Class_Library">Vector Class Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vector Class Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agner Fog is the main author of the C++ Vector Class Library. This is an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">class</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)#Class_libraries" title="Library (computing)">library</a> for optimizing <a href="/wiki/SIMD" class="mw-redirect" title="SIMD">SIMD</a> code.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ForwardCom_instruction_set">ForwardCom instruction set</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ForwardCom instruction set"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agner Fog has designed the ForwardCom instruction set. This is a high performance <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> CPU <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set architecture</a> with variable-length <a href="/wiki/Processor_register" title="Processor register">vector registers</a>. The instruction set is neither <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a>, but a compromise with few instructions and many variants of each instruction.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_subjects">Other subjects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other subjects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fog has written a few <a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator" title="Pseudorandom number generator">pseudorandom number generators</a> with a variety of distributions, with a focus on performance (SIMD) and correctness with regard to floating-point behavior and statistical properties. These are used in simulations for his anthropology research.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agner_Fog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dtu.dk/english/service/phonebook/person?id=78696&tab=2&qt=dtupublicationquery">"Agner Fog"</a>. <i>DTU</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DTU&rft.atitle=Agner+Fog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtu.dk%2Fenglish%2Fservice%2Fphonebook%2Fperson%3Fid%3D78696%26tab%3D2%26qt%3Ddtupublicationquery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ana-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ana_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ana_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.extremetech.com/computing/254750-amd-replaces-ryzen-cpus-users-affected-rare-linux-bug">"AMD Replaces Ryzen CPUs for Users Affected By Rare Linux Bug"</a>. <i>ExtremeTech</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ExtremeTech&rft.atitle=AMD+Replaces+Ryzen+CPUs+for+Users+Affected+By+Rare+Linux+Bug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.extremetech.com%2Fcomputing%2F254750-amd-replaces-ryzen-cpus-users-affected-rare-linux-bug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Warlike and Peaceful Societies : the Interaction of Genes and Culture</i>. Fog, Agner. (1 ed.). UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783744039" title="Special:BookSources/9781783744039"><bdi>9781783744039</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1012158524">1012158524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warlike+and+Peaceful+Societies+%3A+the+Interaction+of+Genes+and+Culture.&rft.place=UK&rft.edition=1&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1012158524&rft.isbn=9781783744039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelas" class="citation web cs1">Gelas, Johan De. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/3593">"the x86 instruction proprietary extensions: a waste of time, money and energy"</a>. <i>AnandTech</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AnandTech&rft.atitle=the+x86+instruction+proprietary+extensions%3A+a+waste+of+time%2C+money+and+energy&rft.aulast=Gelas&rft.aufirst=Johan+De&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandtech.com%2Fshow%2F3593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-optimize-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-optimize_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agner.org/optimize/">"Software optimization resources. C++ and assembly. Windows, Linux, BSD, Mac OS X"</a>. <i>Agner Fog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agner+Fog&rft.atitle=Software+optimization+resources.+C%2B%2B+and+assembly.+Windows%2C+Linux%2C+BSD%2C+Mac+OS+X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agner.org%2Foptimize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agner.org/optimize/blog/read.php?i=49">"Intel's "cripple AMD" function"</a>. <i>Agner`s CPU blog</i>. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agner%60s+CPU+blog&rft.atitle=Intel%27s+%22cripple+AMD%22+function&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agner.org%2Foptimize%2Fblog%2Fread.php%3Fi%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFog" class="citation web cs1">Fog, Agner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/vectorclass/version2">"Vector Class Library"</a>. <i>Github</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Github&rft.atitle=Vector+Class+Library&rft.aulast=Fog&rft.aufirst=Agner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fvectorclass%2Fversion2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFog" class="citation web cs1">Fog, Agner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forwardcom.info/">"ForwardCom"</a>. <i>ForwardCom.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ForwardCom.info&rft.atitle=ForwardCom&rft.aulast=Fog&rft.aufirst=Agner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forwardcom.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agner.org/random/">"Pseudo random number generators"</a>. <i>www.agner.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.agner.org&rft.atitle=Pseudo+random+number+generators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agner.org%2Frandom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgner+Fog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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