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stabilization technique</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: stabilization technique"> <meta name="keywords" content="stabilization technique"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="stabilization technique"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6902</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: stabilization technique</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6902</span> Internal Node Stabilization for Voltage Sense Amplifiers in Multi-Channel Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghoon%20Park">Sanghoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Jin%20Kim"> Ki-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Ho%20Ahn"> Kwang-Ho Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the undesirable charge transfer by the parasitic capacitances of the input transistors in a voltage sense amplifier. Due to its intrinsic rail-to-rail voltage transition, the input sides are inevitably disturbed. It can possible disturb the stabilities of the reference voltage levels. Moreover, it becomes serious in multi-channel systems by altering them for other channels, and so degrades the linearity of the systems. In order to alleviate the internal node voltage transition, the internal node stabilization technique is proposed by utilizing an additional biasing circuit. It achieves 47% and 43% improvements for node stabilization and input referred disturbance, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20sense%20amplifier" title="voltage sense amplifier">voltage sense amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20transition" title=" voltage transition"> voltage transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node%20stabilization" title=" node stabilization"> node stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biasing%20circuits" title=" biasing circuits"> biasing circuits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6878/internal-node-stabilization-for-voltage-sense-amplifiers-in-multi-channel-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6901</span> Stabilization Technique for Multi-Inputs Voltage Sense Amplifiers in Node Sharing Converters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghoon%20Park">Sanghoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Jin%20Kim"> Ki-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Ho%20Ahn"> Kwang-Ho Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the undesirable charge transfer through the parasitic capacitances of the input transistors in a multi-inputs voltage sense amplifier. Its intrinsic rail-to-rail voltage transitions at the output nodes inevitably disturb the input sides through the capacitive coupling between the outputs and inputs. Then, it can possible degrade the stabilities of the reference voltage levels. Moreover, it becomes more serious in multi-channel systems by altering them for other channels, and so degrades the linearity of the overall systems. In order to alleviate the internal node voltage transition, the internal node stabilization techniques are proposed. It achieves 45% and 40% improvements for node stabilization and input referred disturbance, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20sense%20amplifier" title="voltage sense amplifier">voltage sense amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-inputs" title=" multi-inputs"> multi-inputs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20transition" title=" voltage transition"> voltage transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node%20stabilization" title=" node stabilization"> node stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biasing%20circuits" title=" biasing circuits"> biasing circuits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23974/stabilization-technique-for-multi-inputs-voltage-sense-amplifiers-in-node-sharing-converters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6900</span> A Review of Soil Stabilization Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Chegenizadeh">Amin Chegenizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Keramatikerman"> Mahdi Keramatikerman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil stabilization is a crucial issue that helps to remove of risks associated with the soil failure. As soil has applications in different industries such as construction, pavement and railways, the means of stabilizing soil are varied. This paper will focus on the techniques of stabilizing soils. It will do so by gathering useful information on the state of the art in the field of soil stabilization, investigating both traditional and advanced methods. To inquire into the current knowledge, the existing literature will be divided into categories addressing the different techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title="review">review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techniques" title=" techniques"> techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36500/a-review-of-soil-stabilization-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6899</span> Compression Strength of Treated Fine-Grained Soils with Epoxy or Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mlhem">M. Mlhem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geotechnical engineers face many problematic soils upon construction and they have the choice for replacing these soils with more appropriate soils or attempting to improve the engineering properties of the soil through a suitable soil stabilization technique. Mostly, improving soils is environmental, easier and more economical than other solutions. Stabilization soils technique is applied by introducing a cementing agent or by injecting a substance to fill the pore volume. Chemical stabilizers are divided into two groups: traditional agents such as cement or lime and non-traditional agents such as polymers. This paper studies the effect of epoxy additives on the compression strength of four types of soil and then compares with the effect of cement on the compression strength for the same soils. Overall, the epoxy additives are more effective in increasing the strength for different types of soils regardless its classification. On the other hand, there was no clear relation between studied parameters liquid limit, passing No.200, unit weight and between the strength of samples for different types of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title="additives">additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20strength" title=" compression strength"> compression strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104928/compression-strength-of-treated-fine-grained-soils-with-epoxy-or-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6898</span> Stabilization of Expansive Soils by Additions Binders Hydraulic Lime and Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kherafa%20Abdennasser">Kherafa Abdennasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A literature review was conducted to gather as much information. Concerns the phenomenon of swelling clays, as well as a presentation of some bibliographic findings on factors affecting the swelling potential. Citing the various techniques of stabilization of clays as well as a presentation of some literature results on the stabilization of swelling. Then a characterization of the materials was carried out at basic bibliographic study. These are standard mechanical geotechnical testing. Simple practical, economical and efficient to minimize the phenomenon swelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title="stabilization">stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title=" expansive soils"> expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oedometer" title=" oedometer"> oedometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30656/stabilization-of-expansive-soils-by-additions-binders-hydraulic-lime-and-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6897</span> Physicochemistry of Pozzolanic Stabilization of a Class A-2-7 Lateritic Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20O.%20Apampa">Ahmed O. Apampa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yinusa%20A.%20Jimoh"> Yinusa A. Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the mechanism of pozzolan-soil reactions, using a recent study on the chemical stabilization of a Class A-2-7 (3) lateritic soil, with corn cob ash (CCA) as case study. The objectives are to establish a nexus between cation exchange capacity of the soil, the alkaline forming compounds in CCA and percentage CCA addition to soil beyond which no more improvement in strength properties can be achieved; and to propose feasible chemical reactions to explain the chemical stabilization of the lateritic soil with CCA alone. The lateritic soil, as well as CCA of pozzolanic quality Class C were separately analysed for their metallic oxide composition using the X-Ray Fluorescence technique. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil and the CCA were computed theoretically using the percentage composition of the base cations Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>2+</sup> as 1.48 meq/100 g and 61.67 meq/100 g respectively, thus indicating a ratio of 0.024 or 2.4%. This figure, taken as the theoretical amount required to just fill up the exchangeable sites of the clay molecules, compares well with the laboratory observation of 1.5% for the optimum level of CCA addition to lateritic soil. The paper went on to present chemical reaction equations between the alkaline earth metals in the CCA and the silica in the lateritic soil to form silicates, thereby proposing an extension of the theory of mechanism of soil stabilization to cover chemical stabilization with pozzolanic ash only. The paper concluded by recommending further research on the molecular structure of soils stabilized with pozzolanic waste ash alone, with a view to confirming the chemical equations advanced in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cation%20exchange%20capacity" title="cation exchange capacity">cation exchange capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20cob%20ash" title=" corn cob ash"> corn cob ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateritic%20soil" title=" lateritic soil"> lateritic soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43830/physicochemistry-of-pozzolanic-stabilization-of-a-class-a-2-7-lateritic-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6896</span> Broadcasting Stabilization for Dynamical Multi-Agent Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gon%20Yoon">Myung-Gon Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon"> Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a stabilization problem for multi-agent systems, when all agents in a multi-agent system receive the same broadcasting control signal and the controller can measure not each agent output but the sum of all agent outputs. It is analytically shown that when the sum of all agent outputs is bounded with a certain broadcasting controller for a given reference, each agent output is separately bounded:stabilization of the sum of agent outputs always results in the stability of every agent output. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our theoretic findings in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting%20control" title="broadcasting control">broadcasting control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function" title=" transfer function"> transfer function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11214/broadcasting-stabilization-for-dynamical-multi-agent-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6895</span> Robust Stabilization of Rotational Motion of Underwater Robots against Parameter Uncertainties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riku%20Hayashida">Riku Hayashida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoaki%20Hashimoto"> Tomoaki Hashimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides a robust stabilization method for rotational motion of underwater robots against parameter uncertainties. Underwater robots are expected to be used for various work assignments. The large variety of applications of underwater robots motivates researchers to develop control systems and technologies for underwater robots. Several control methods have been proposed so far for the stabilization of nominal system model of underwater robots with no parameter uncertainty. Parameter uncertainties are considered to be obstacles in implementation of the such nominal control methods for underwater robots. The objective of this study is to establish a robust stabilization method for rotational motion of underwater robots against parameter uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20control" title="robust control">robust control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization%20method" title=" stabilization method"> stabilization method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20robot" title=" underwater robot"> underwater robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20uncertainty" title=" parameter uncertainty"> parameter uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119269/robust-stabilization-of-rotational-motion-of-underwater-robots-against-parameter-uncertainties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6894</span> Robust Stabilization against Unknown Consensus Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gon%20Yoon">Myung-Gon Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon"> Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a robust stabilization problem of a single agent in a multi-agent consensus system composed of identical agents, when the network topology of the system is completely unknown. It is shown that the transfer function of an agent in a consensus system can be described as a multiplicative perturbation of the isolated agent transfer function in frequency domain. Applying known robust stabilization results, we present sufficient conditions for a robust stabilization of an agent against unknown network topology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20agent%20control" title="single agent control">single agent control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function" title=" transfer function"> transfer function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20angle" title=" graph angle"> graph angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11150/robust-stabilization-against-unknown-consensus-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6893</span> Boundary Feedback Stabilization of an Overhead Crane Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Elharfi">Abdelhadi Elharfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A problem of boundary feedback (exponential) stabilization of an overhead crane model represented by a PDE is considered. For any $r>0$, the exponential stability at the desired decay rate $r$ is solved in semi group setting by a collocated-type stabiliser of a target system combined with a term involving the solution of an appropriate PDE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20stabilization" title="feedback stabilization">feedback stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi%20group%20and%20generator" title=" semi group and generator"> semi group and generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overhead%20crane%20system" title=" overhead crane system"> overhead crane system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27507/boundary-feedback-stabilization-of-an-overhead-crane-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6892</span> Laboratory Evaluation of Geogrids Used for Stabilizing Soft Subgrades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdi%20M.%20E.%20Zumrawi">Magdi M. E. Zumrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehla%20Mansour"> Nehla Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to assess the efficiency of using geogrid reinforcement for subgrade stabilization. The literature of applying geogrid reinforcement technique for pavements built on soft subgrades and the previous experiences were reviewed. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil reinforced with geogrids in one or several layers. The soil specimens were compacted in four layers with or without geogrid sheets. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, in soaking condition, was performed on natural soil and soil-geogrid specimens. The test results revealed that the CBR value is much affected by the geogrid sheet location and the number of sheets used in the soil specimen. When a geogrid sheet was placed at the 1<sup>st</sup> layer of the soil, there was an increment of 26% in the CBR value. Moreover, the CBR value was significantly increased by 62% when geogrid sheets were placed at all four layers. The high CBR value is attributed to interface friction and interlock involved in the geogrid/ soil interactions. It could be concluded that geogrid reinforcement is successful and more economical technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geogrid" title="geogrid">geogrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgrade" title=" subgrade"> subgrade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49821/laboratory-evaluation-of-geogrids-used-for-stabilizing-soft-subgrades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6891</span> Video Stabilization Using Feature Point Matching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsundar%20Kulkarni">Shamsundar Kulkarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Video capturing by non-professionals will lead to unanticipated effects. Such as image distortion, image blurring etc. Hence, many researchers study such drawbacks to enhance the quality of videos. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to stabilize jittery videos .A stable output video will be attained without the effect of jitter which is caused due to shaking of handheld camera during video recording. Firstly, salient points from each frame from the input video are identified and processed followed by optimizing and stabilize the video. Optimization includes the quality of the video stabilization. This method has shown good result in terms of stabilization and it discarded distortion from the output videos recorded in different circumstances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20stabilization" title="video stabilization">video stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20feature%20matching" title=" point feature matching"> point feature matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salient%20points" title=" salient points"> salient points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20quality%20measurement" title=" image quality measurement"> image quality measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57341/video-stabilization-using-feature-point-matching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6890</span> Peat Soil Stabilization Methods: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saberian">Mohammad Saberian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Rahgozar"> Mohammad Ali Rahgozar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Porhoseini"> Reza Porhoseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peat soil is formed naturally through the accumulation of organic matter under water and it consists of more than 75% organic substances. Peat is considered to be in the category of problematic soil, which is not suitable for construction, due to its high compressibility, high moisture content, low shear strength, and low bearing capacity. Since this kind of soil is generally found in many countries and different regions, finding desirable techniques for stabilization of peat is absolutely essential. The purpose of this paper is to review the various techniques applied for stabilizing peat soil and discuss outcomes of its improved mechanical parameters and strength properties. Recognizing characterization of stabilized peat is one of the most significant factors for architectural structures; as a consequence, various strategies for stabilization of this susceptible soil have been examined based on the depth of peat deposit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat%20soil" title="peat soil">peat soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth" title=" depth"> depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength%20%28USC%29" title=" unconfined compressive strength (USC)"> unconfined compressive strength (USC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36737/peat-soil-stabilization-methods-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6889</span> The Increasing of Unconfined Compression Strength of Clay Soils Stabilized with Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%CC%87%20Si%CC%87nan%20So%C4%9Fanci">Ali̇ Si̇nan Soğanci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cement stabilization is one of the ground improvement method applied worldwide to increase the strength of clayey soils. The using of cement has got lots of advantages compared to other stabilization methods. Cement stabilization can be done quickly, the cost is low and creates a more durable structure with the soil. Cement can be used in the treatment of a wide variety of soils. The best results of the cement stabilization were seen on silts as well as coarse-grained soils. In this study, blocks of clay were taken from the Apa-Hotamış conveyance channel route which is 125km long will be built in Konya that take the water with 70m3/sec from Mavi tunnel to Hotamış storage. Firstly, the index properties of clay samples were determined according to the Unified Soil Classification System. The experimental program was carried out on compacted soil specimens with 0%, 7 %, 15% and 30 % cement additives and the results of unconfined compression strength were discussed. The results of unconfined compression tests indicated an increase in strength with increasing cement content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20stabilization" title="cement stabilization">cement stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compression%20test" title=" unconfined compression test"> unconfined compression test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20soils" title=" clayey soils"> clayey soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20soil%20classification%20system." title=" unified soil classification system."> unified soil classification system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35636/the-increasing-of-unconfined-compression-strength-of-clay-soils-stabilized-with-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6888</span> The Effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Chronic Neck Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20Mohamed">Amany Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Balbaa"> Alaa Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdoline%20Mishel"> Magdoline Mishel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Pain in the neck or scapular region is one of the most frequent symptoms in cervical radiculopathy, which is commonly caused by degenerative process in the spine. Purpose: To determine the effect of scapular stabilization exercises in the treatment of chronic neck pain regarding pain and disability and limitation in the range of motion. Patients and Methods: Thirty male and female patients with chronic neck pain were involved. Aged between 30-50 years old. They were randomly assigned into two groups. In group (A), patients received physical therapy program in the form of infrared, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), Stretching and cervical stabilization exercises. In group (B), patients received scapular stabilization exercises in addition to the same physical therapy program. Treatment was given 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Range of motion of the cervical spine, range of motion of the scapula, neck pain and disability were assessed before and after treatment. Results: There was significant improvement in both groups (A and B) in cervical range of motion, pain and disability. Group (B) showed more significant improvement than group (A) in cervical range of motion and pain and disability. There was no significant improvement in both groups in scapular range of motion. Conclusion: Scapular stabilization exercises should be used as an integral part in the rehabilitation program <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neck%20pain" title="Neck pain">Neck pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neck%20stabilization%20exercise" title=" neck stabilization exercise"> neck stabilization exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scapular%20stabilization%20exercise" title=" scapular stabilization exercise"> scapular stabilization exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20neck%20pain" title=" chronic neck pain"> chronic neck pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52346/the-effect-of-scapular-stabilization-exercises-on-chronic-neck-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6887</span> Combined Model Predictive Controller Technique for Enhancing NAO Gait Stabilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Brahmi">Brahim Brahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hamza%20Laraki"> Mohammed Hamza Laraki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Habibur%20Rahman"> Mohammad Habibur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam%20M.%20Rasedul"> Islam M. Rasedul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Assad%20Uz-Zaman"> M. Assad Uz-Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The humanoid robot, specifically the NAO robot must be able to provide a highly dynamic performance on the soccer field. Maintaining the balance of the humanoid robot during the required motion is considered as one of a challenging problems especially when the robot is subject to external disturbances, as contact with other robots. In this paper, a dynamic controller is proposed in order to ensure a robust walking (stabilization) and to improve the dynamic balance of the robot during its contact with the environment (external disturbances). The generation of the trajectory of the center of mass (CoM) is done by a model predictive controller (MPC) conjoined with zero moment point (ZMP) technique. Taking into account the properties of the rotational dynamics of the whole-body system, a modified previous control mixed with feedback control is employed to manage the angular momentum and the CoM’s acceleration, respectively. This latter is dedicated to provide a robust gait of the robot in the presence of the external disturbances. Simulation results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preview%20control" title="preview control">preview control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nao%20robot" title=" Nao robot"> Nao robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title=" model predictive control "> model predictive control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108267/combined-model-predictive-controller-technique-for-enhancing-nao-gait-stabilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6886</span> Success Rate of Endotracheal Intubation Using Inline Stabilization with and without Cervical Hard Collar; A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Welawat%20Tienpratarn">Welawat Tienpratarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiyaporn%20Yuksen"> Chaiyaporn Yuksen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasamon%20Aramvanitch"> Kasamon Aramvanitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karn%20Suttapanit"> Karn Suttapanit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Mankong"> Yahya Mankong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nussareen%20Yaemluksanalert"> Nussareen Yaemluksanalert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sansanee%20Meesawad"> Sansanee Meesawad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction : Application of a rigid cervical collar may interfere with the laryngeal view, and potentially lead to failed endotracheal intubation (ETI). This study aimed to compare intubation success rates while performing inline stabilization with and without cervical hard collar. Methods : This randomized prospective comparative study included paramedics working in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand to compare the success rates of endotracheal intubation on manikin using inline stabilization with and without cervical hard collar. Results : 125 participants were evaluated; 63 in the rigid cervical collar and 62 in the non-cervical hard collar group. The rate of successful intubation was significantly higher using manual stabilization without cervical hard collar (61 (96.8%) vs. 55 (88.7%); p=0.048). The time required to successfully perform intubation was also shorter, with manual stabilization only (14.1 ±20.9 vs. 18.9±29.0; p = 0.081). Conclusion : It seems that, removal of the rigid cervical collar during ETI in patients with suspected traumatic spine injury could increase the intubation success rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ntubation" title="ntubation">ntubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intratracheal" title="Intratracheal">Intratracheal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spinal%20Injuries" title="Spinal Injuries">Spinal Injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple%20trauma" title="Multiple trauma">Multiple trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142888/success-rate-of-endotracheal-intubation-using-inline-stabilization-with-and-without-cervical-hard-collar-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6885</span> Delay-Independent Closed-Loop Stabilization of Neutral System with Infinite Delays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyai%20Davies">Iyai Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20L.%20C.%20Haas"> Olivier L. C. Haas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the problem of stability and stabilization for neutral delay-differential systems with infinite delay is investigated. Using Lyapunov method, new delay-independent sufficient condition for the stability of neutral systems with infinite delay is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Memory-less state feedback controllers are then designed for the stabilization of the system using the feasible solution of the resulting LMI, which are easily solved using any optimization algorithms. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results of the proposed methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinite%20delays" title="infinite delays">infinite delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20method" title=" Lyapunov method"> Lyapunov method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequality" title=" linear matrix inequality"> linear matrix inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20systems" title=" neutral systems"> neutral systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36298/delay-independent-closed-loop-stabilization-of-neutral-system-with-infinite-delays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6884</span> Effect of Sodium Hydroxide on Geotechnical Properties of Soft Soil in Kathmandu Valley</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bal%20Deep%20Sharma">Bal Deep Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Ray%20Yadav"> Suresh Ray Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local soils are often chosen due to their widespread availability and low cost. However, these soils typically have poor durability, which can lead to significant limitations in their use for construction. To address this issue, various soil stabilization techniques have been developed and used over the years. This study investigates the viability of employing the mineral polymerization (MIP) technique to stabilize black soils, intending to enhance their suitability for construction applications. This technique involves the microstructural transformation of certain clay minerals into solid and stable compounds exhibiting characteristics similar to hydroxy sodalite, feldspathoid, or zeolite. This transformation occurs through the action of an alkaline reactant at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The soil sample was characterized using grain size distribution, Atterberg limit test, organic content test, and pH-value tests. The unconfined compressive strength of the soil specimens, prepared with varying percentages of sodium hydroxide as an additive and sand as a filler by weight, was determined at the optimum moisture content. The unconfined compressive strength of the specimens was tested under three different conditions: dry, wet, and cycling. The maximum unconfined compressive strengths were 77.568 kg/cm², 38.85 kg/cm², and 56.3 kg/cm² for the dry, wet, and cycling specimens, respectively, while the unconfined compressive strength of the untreated soil was 7.38 kg/cm². The minimum unconfined compressive strength of the wet and cycling specimens was greater than that of the untreated soil. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that these soils can be effectively used as construction material after treatment with sodium hydroxide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization%20technique" title="soil stabilization technique">soil stabilization technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20soil%20treatment" title=" soft soil treatment"> soft soil treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hydroxide" title=" sodium hydroxide"> sodium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength"> unconfined compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183467/effect-of-sodium-hydroxide-on-geotechnical-properties-of-soft-soil-in-kathmandu-valley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6883</span> Effect of Cement Amount on California Bearing Ratio Values of Different Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayse%20Pekrioglu%20Balkis">Ayse Pekrioglu Balkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawash%20Mecid"> Sawash Mecid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to continued growth and rapid development of road construction in worldwide, road sub-layers consist of soil layers, therefore, identification and recognition of type of soil and soil behavior in different condition help to us to select soil according to specification and engineering characteristic, also if necessary sometimes stabilize the soil and treat undesirable properties of soils by adding materials such as bitumen, lime, cement, etc. If the soil beneath the road is not done according to the standards and construction will need more construction time. In this case, a large part of soil should be removed, transported and sometimes deposited. Then purchased sand and gravel is transported to the site and full depth filled and compacted. Stabilization by cement or other treats gives an opportunity to use the existing soil as a base material instead of removing it and purchasing and transporting better fill materials. Classification of soil according to AASHTOO system and USCS help engineers to anticipate soil behavior and select best treatment method. In this study soil classification and the relation between soil classification and stabilization method is discussed, cement stabilization with different percentages have been selected for soil treatment based on NCHRP. There are different parameters to define the strength of soil. In this study, CBR will be used to define the strength of soil. Cement by percentages, 0%, 3%, 7% and 10% added to soil for evaluation effect of added cement to CBR of treated soil. Implementation of stabilization process by different cement content help engineers to select an economic cement amount for the stabilization process according to project specification and characteristics. Stabilization process in optimum moisture content (OMC) and mixing rate effect on the strength of soil in the laboratory and field construction operation have been performed to see the improvement rate in strength and plasticity. Cement stabilization is quicker than a universal method such as removing and changing field soils. Cement addition increases CBR values of different soil types by the range of 22-69%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20Bearing%20Ratio" title="California Bearing Ratio">California Bearing Ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20stabilization" title=" cement stabilization"> cement stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20soil" title=" clayey soil"> clayey soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68673/effect-of-cement-amount-on-california-bearing-ratio-values-of-different-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6882</span> Effect of Nano-SiO2 Solution on the Strength Characteristics of Kaolinite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ziaie%20Moayed">Reza Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Rahmani"> Hamidreza Rahmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, with developments in science and technology, there is an excessive potential for the use of nanomaterials in various fields of geotechnical project such as soil stabilization. This study investigates the effect of Nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> solution on the unconfined compression strength and Young's elastic modulus of Kaolinite. For this purpose, nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> was mixed with kaolinite in five different contents: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight of the dry soil and a series of the unconfined compression test with curing time of one-day was selected as laboratory test. Analyses of the tests results show that stabilization of kaolinite with Nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> solution can improve effectively the unconfined compression strength of modified soil up to 1.43 times compared to  the pure soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaolinite" title="kaolinite">kaolinite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nano-SiO2" title=" Nano-SiO2"> Nano-SiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compression%20test" title=" unconfined compression test"> unconfined compression test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%27s%20modulus" title=" Young's modulus"> Young's modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55913/effect-of-nano-sio2-solution-on-the-strength-characteristics-of-kaolinite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6881</span> The Effects of Inulin on the Stabilization and Stevioside as Sugar-Replacer of Sourcherry Juice-Milk Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Teimouri">S. Teimouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abbasi"> S. Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Milk-fruit juice mixture is a type of soft drinks, which can be produced by mixing milk with pieces of fruits, fruit juices, or fruit juices concentrates. The major problem of these products, mainly the acidic ones, is phase separation which occurs during formulation and storage due to the aggregation of caseins at low pH Short-chain inulin (CLR), long-chain inulin (TEX), native inulin (IQ) and Long-chain inulin (TEX) and short-chain inulin (CLR) combined in different proportions (2o:80, 50:50, and 80:20) were added (2-10 %) to sourcherry juice-milk mixture and their stabilization mechanisms were studied with using rheological and microstructural observations. Stevioside as a bio-sweetener and sugar-replacer was added at last step. Finally, sensory analyses were taken place on stabilized samples. According to the findings, TEX stabilized the mixture at concentration of 8%. MIX and IQ reduced phase separation at high concentration but had not complete effect on stabilization. CLR did not effect on stabilization. Rheological changes and inulin aggregates formation were not observed in CLR samples during the one month storage period. However TEX, MIX and IQ samples formed inulin aggregates and became more thixotropic, elastic and increased the viscosity of mixture. The rate of the inulin aggregates formation and viscosity increasing was in the following order TEX > MIX > IQ. Consequently the mixture which stabilized with inulin and sweetened with stevioside had the prebiotic properties which may suggest to diabetic patients and children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prebiotic" title="prebiotic">prebiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inulin" title=" inulin"> inulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casein" title=" casein"> casein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stevioside" title=" stevioside"> stevioside</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9535/the-effects-of-inulin-on-the-stabilization-and-stevioside-as-sugar-replacer-of-sourcherry-juice-milk-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6880</span> Efficacy of Cool's and Rhythmic Stabilization Exercises on Scapular up Ward Rotation and Ut/Sa Ratio in Patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Moustafa">Mohammed Moustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Reda"> Waleed Reda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shoulder impingement syndrome is the most common disorder of the shoulder, resulting in functional loss and disability. Objective: This study was designed to compare between the effects of scapular muscle training versus rhythmic stabilization exercises in treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Thirty patients participated in this study; they were assigned randomly into two experimental groups. The first experimental group (A) consisted of 15 patients with a mean age (21.87±2.72) years; they received graduated rhythmic stabilization exercises and stretching of the posterior capsule. The second experimental group (B) consisted of 15 patients with a mean age (22.27±2.94) years; they received scapular muscle training exercises in addition to stretching of the posterior capsule. Treatment was given three times per week, every other day, for four consecutive weeks. Patients have been evaluated pretreatment and post treatment for shoulder pain severity and functional disability. Results: Both groups showed highly statistical significant reduction in pain severity and functional disability measured post-treatment when compared with their corresponding values in pretreatment assessment. Conclusion: Both of rhythmic stabilization exercises and scapular muscle training are effective interventions to reduce shoulder pain severity and functional disability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impingement%20syndrome" title="impingement syndrome">impingement syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scapular%20exercises" title=" scapular exercises"> scapular exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhythmic%20stabilization%20exercises" title=" rhythmic stabilization exercises"> rhythmic stabilization exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20capsule%20stretch" title=" posterior capsule stretch"> posterior capsule stretch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49290/efficacy-of-cools-and-rhythmic-stabilization-exercises-on-scapular-up-ward-rotation-and-utsa-ratio-in-patients-with-shoulder-impingement-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6879</span> FACTS Based Stabilization for Smart Grid Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel.%20M.%20Sharaf">Adel. M. Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foad%20H.%20Gandoman"> Foad H. Gandoman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, Photovoltaic-PV Farms/ Parks and large PV-Smart Grid Interface Schemes are emerging and commonly utilized in Renewable Energy distributed generation. However, PV-hybrid-Dc-Ac Schemes using interface power electronic converters usually has negative impact on power quality and stabilization of modern electrical network under load excursions and network fault conditions in smart grid. Consequently, robust FACTS based interface schemes are required to ensure efficient energy utilization and stabilization of bus voltages as well as limiting switching/fault onrush current condition. FACTS devices are also used in smart grid-Battery Interface and Storage Schemes with PV-Battery Storage hybrid systems as an elegant alternative to renewable energy utilization with backup battery storage for electric utility energy and demand side management to provide needed energy and power capacity under heavy load conditions. The paper presents a robust interface PV-Li-Ion Battery Storage Interface Scheme for Distribution/Utilization Low Voltage Interface using FACTS stabilization enhancement and dynamic maximum PV power tracking controllers. Digital simulation and validation of the proposed scheme is done using MATLAB/Simulink software environment for Low Voltage- Distribution/Utilization system feeding a hybrid Linear-Motorized inrush and nonlinear type loads from a DC-AC Interface VSC-6-pulse Inverter Fed from the PV Park/Farm with a back-up Li-Ion Storage Battery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20FACTS" title="AC FACTS">AC FACTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-battery%20storage" title=" PV-battery storage"> PV-battery storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Switched%20Filter-Compensation%20%28SFC%29" title=" Switched Filter-Compensation (SFC)"> Switched Filter-Compensation (SFC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16162/facts-based-stabilization-for-smart-grid-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6878</span> Impact of Carbonation on Lime-Treated High PI Clayey Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurav%20Bhattacharjee">Saurav Bhattacharjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syam%20Nair"> Syam Nair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lime stabilization is a sustainable and economically viable option to address strength deficiencies of subgrade soils. However, exposure of stabilized layers to environmental elements can lead to a reduction in post stabilization strength gain expected in these layers. The current study investigates the impact of carbonation on strength properties of lime-treated soils. Manufactured soils prepared using varying proportions of bentonite silica mixtures was used in the study. Lime treated mixtures were exposed to different atmospheric conditions created by varying the concentrations of CO₂ in the testing chamber. Impact of CO₂ diffusion was identified based on changes in carbonate content and strength (UCS) properties. Changes in soil morphology were also investigated as part of the study. Rate of carbonation was observed to vary polynomially (2nd order) with exposure time. Strength properties of the mixes were observed to decrease with exposure time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonation" title="carbonation">carbonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175478/impact-of-carbonation-on-lime-treated-high-pi-clayey-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6877</span> Laboratory Investigation of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Calcium Chloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdi%20M.%20E.%20Zumrawi">Magdi M. E. Zumrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20Eltayeb"> Khalid A. Eltayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical stabilization is a technique commonly used to improve the expansive soil properties. In this regard, an attempt has been made to evaluate the influence of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) stabilizer on the engineering properties of expansive soil. A series of laboratory experiments including consistency limits, free swell, compaction, and shear strength tests were performed to investigate the effect of CaCl2 additive with various percentages 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% for improving expansive soil. The results obtained shows that the increase in the percentage of CaCl2 decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index leading to significant reduction in the free swell index. This, in turn, increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content which results in greater strength. The unconfined compressive strength of soil stabilized with 5% CaCl2 increased approximately by 50% as compared to virgin soil. It can be concluded that CaCl2 had shown promising influence on the strength and swelling properties of expansive soil, thereby giving an advantage in improving problematic expansive soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20chloride" title="calcium chloride">calcium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20stabilization" title=" chemical stabilization"> chemical stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title=" expansive soil"> expansive soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving" title=" improving"> improving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47906/laboratory-investigation-of-expansive-soil-stabilized-with-calcium-chloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6876</span> Using Q-Learning to Auto-Tune PID Controller Gains for Online Quadcopter Altitude Stabilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Alrubyli">Y. Alrubyli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs), and more specifically, quadcopters need to be stable during their flights. Altitude stability is usually achieved by using a PID controller that is built into the flight controller software. Furthermore, the PID controller has gains that need to be tuned to reach optimal altitude stabilization during the quadcopter’s flight. For that, control system engineers need to tune those gains by using extensive modeling of the environment, which might change from one environment and condition to another. As quadcopters penetrate more sectors, from the military to the consumer sectors, they have been put into complex and challenging environments more than ever before. Hence, intelligent self-stabilizing quadcopters are needed to maneuver through those complex environments and situations. Here we show that by using online reinforcement learning with minimal background knowledge, the altitude stability of the quadcopter can be achieved using a model-free approach. We found that by using background knowledge instead of letting the online reinforcement learning algorithm wander for a while to tune the PID gains, altitude stabilization can be achieved faster. In addition, using this approach will accelerate development by avoiding extensive simulations before applying the PID gains to the real-world quadcopter. Our results demonstrate the possibility of using the trial and error approach of reinforcement learning combined with background knowledge to achieve faster quadcopter altitude stabilization in different environments and conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title="reinforcement learning">reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q-leanring" title=" Q-leanring"> Q-leanring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning"> online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20tuning" title=" PID tuning"> PID tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle" title=" unmanned aerial vehicle"> unmanned aerial vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadcopter" title=" quadcopter"> quadcopter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149493/using-q-learning-to-auto-tune-pid-controller-gains-for-online-quadcopter-altitude-stabilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6875</span> The Effect of Soil Fractal Dimension on the Performance of Cement Stabilized Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nkiru%20I.%20Ibeakuzie">Nkiru I. Ibeakuzie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20D.%20J.%20Watson"> Paul D. J. Watson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20F.%20Pescatore"> John F. Pescatore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In roadway construction, the cost of soil-cement stabilization per unit area is significantly influenced by the binder content, hence the need to optimise cement usage. This research work will characterize the influence of soil fractal geometry on properties of cement-stabilized soil, and strive to determine a correlation between mechanical proprieties of cement-stabilized soil and the mass fractal dimension Dₘ indicated by particle size distribution (PSD) of aggregate mixtures. Since strength development in cemented soil relies not only on cement content but also on soil PSD, this study will investigate the possibility of reducing cement content by changing the PSD of soil, without compromising on strength, reduced permeability, and compressibility. A series of soil aggregate mixes will be prepared in the laboratory. The mass fractal dimension Dₘ of each mix will be determined from sieve analysis data prior to stabilization with cement. Stabilized soil samples will be tested for strength, permeability, and compressibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title="fractal dimension">fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20distribution" title=" particle size distribution"> particle size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20stabilization" title=" cement stabilization"> cement stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20content" title=" cement content"> cement content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101303/the-effect-of-soil-fractal-dimension-on-the-performance-of-cement-stabilized-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6874</span> Effect of Treated Peat Soil on the Plasticity Index and Hardening Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Aida%20Mario">Siti Nur Aida Mario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Hafifee%20Ahmad"> Farah Hafifee Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudy%20Tawie"> Rudy Tawie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil Stabilization has been widely implemented in the construction industry nowadays. Peat soil is well known as one of the most problematic soil among the engineers. The procedures need to take into account both physical and engineering properties of the stabilized peat soil. This paper presents a result of plasticity index and hardening of treated peat soil with various dosage of additives. In order to determine plasticity of the treated peat soil, atterberg limit test which comprises plastic limit and liquid limit test has been conducted. Determination of liquid limit in this experimental study is by using cone penetrometer. Vicat testing apparatus has been used in the hardening test which the penetration of the plunger is recorded every one hour for 24 hours. The results show that the plasticity index of peat soil stabilized with 80% FAAC and 20% OPC has the lowest plasticity index and recorded the fastest initial setting time. The significant of this study is to promote greener solution for future soil stabilization industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title="additives">additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardening" title=" hardening"> hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat%20soil" title=" peat soil"> peat soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity%20index" title=" plasticity index"> plasticity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44907/effect-of-treated-peat-soil-on-the-plasticity-index-and-hardening-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6873</span> Stabilization of y-Sterilized Food, Packaging Materials by Synergistic Mixtures of Food-Contact Approval Stabilizers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameh%20A.%20S.%20Thabit%20Alariqi">Sameh A. S. Thabit Alariqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food is widely packaged with plastic materials to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage. Ionizing radiation is widely used to sterilize the food-packaging materials. Sterilization by γ-radiation causes degradation for the plastic packaging materials such as embrittlement, stiffening, softening, discoloration, odour generation, and decrease in molecular weight. Many antioxidants can prevent γ-degradation but most of them are toxic. The migration of antioxidants to its environment gives rise to major concerns in case of food packaging plastics. In this attempt, we have aimed to utilize synergistic mixtures of stabilizers which are approved for food-contact applications. Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) have been melt-mixed with hindered amine stabilizers (HAS), phenolic antioxidants and organo-phosphites (hydroperoxide decomposer). Results were discussed by comparing the stabilizing efficiency of mixtures with and without phenol system. Among phenol containing systems where we mostly observed discoloration due to the oxidation of hindered phenol, the combination of secondary HAS, tertiary HAS, organo-phosphite and hindered phenol exhibited improved stabilization efficiency than single or binary additive systems. The mixture of secondary HAS and tertiary HAS, has shown antagonistic effect of stabilization. However, the combination of organo-phosphite with secondary HAS, tertiary HAS and phenol antioxidants have been found to give synergistic even at higher doses of -sterilization. The effects have been explained through the interaction between the stabilizers. After γ-irradiation, the consumption of oligomeric stabilizer significantly depends on the components of stabilization mixture. The effect of the organo-phosphite antioxidant on the overall stability has been discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene-propylene-diene%20terpolymer" title="ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer">ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20mixtures" title=" synergistic mixtures"> synergistic mixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20sterilization" title=" gamma sterilization"> gamma sterilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20stabilization" title=" gamma stabilization"> gamma stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21996/stabilization-of-y-sterilized-food-packaging-materials-by-synergistic-mixtures-of-food-contact-approval-stabilizers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization%20technique&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization%20technique&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization%20technique&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization%20technique&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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