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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Industries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Industries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coal_mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal_mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Coal mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coal_mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity_generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity_generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Electricity generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity_generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Horse breeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wine_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wine_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Wine production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wine_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Political representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography_and_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography_and_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Demography and area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography_and_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Environmental protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Statehood movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hunter Region</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Valley" title="Hunter Valley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hunter Valley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_de_Hunter" title="Valle de Hunter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valle de Hunter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Region" title="Hunter Region – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hunter Region" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="منطقه هانتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه هانتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_l%27Hunter" title="Région de l'Hunter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région de l'Hunter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%8C%ED%84%B0%EB%B0%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="헌터밸리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헌터밸리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Hunter" title="Wilayah Hunter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah Hunter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F" title="ハンター地域 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンター地域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Valley" title="Hunter Valley – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hunter Valley" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_(region)" title="Hunter (region) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hunter (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Region" title="Hunter Region – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hunter Region" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Valley" title="Hunter Valley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hunter Valley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_(geografiskt_omr%C3%A5de)" title="Hunter (geografiskt område) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hunter (geografiskt område)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E4%BA%BA%E8%B0%B7" title="獵人谷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="獵人谷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1638164#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hunter_Region&params=32_33_36_S_151_10_15_E_type:city_region:AU-NSW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°33′36″S</span> <span class="longitude">151°10′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.56000°S 151.17083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-32.56000; 151.17083</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Valley&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter Valley">Hunter Valley</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hunter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hunter (disambiguation)">Hunter</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hunter Valley" redirects here. For the wine region within the valley, see <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_wine" title="Hunter Valley wine">Hunter Valley wine</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in New South Wales, Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><span class="fn org locality">Hunter Region</span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:88%" class="region"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg/270px-Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg/405px-Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg/540px-Hunter_panorama-1b-web-l.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="296" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">View across the Hunter Valley</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg/270px-Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg/405px-Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg/540px-Newcastle_-_Bulk_carrier_passing_Nobbys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1218" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Hunter River (New South Wales)">Hunter River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hunter Region is located in New South Wales"><img alt="Hunter Region is located in New South Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png/270px-Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png/405px-Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png/540px-Australia_New_South_Wales_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2226" data-file-height="1972" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.071%;left:79.48%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hunter Region"><img alt="Hunter Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Hunter Region</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="font-size: smaller;">The Hunter Region</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hunter_Region&params=32_33_36_S_151_10_15_E_type:city_region:AU-NSW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°33′36″S</span> <span class="longitude">151°10′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.56000°S 151.17083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-32.56000; 151.17083</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">682,465 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001300722210961391♠"></span>30.07222/km<sup>2</sup> (77.88670/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">22,694.2 km<sup>2</sup> (8,762.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Australia" title="Time in Australia">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Eastern Standard Time">AEST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+10">UTC+10</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Eastern Daylight Time">AEDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B11" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+11">UTC+11</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">162 km (101 mi) N of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales" title="Local government areas of New South Wales">LGA(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><li> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Greater Newcastle LGAs</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Cessnock" title="City of Cessnock">City of Cessnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lake_Macquarie" title="City of Lake Macquarie">City of Lake Macquarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Maitland" title="City of Maitland">City of Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Newcastle" title="City of Newcastle">City of Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens_Council" title="Port Stephens Council">Port Stephens Council</a></li></ul> </div></li><li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Other Hunter LGAs</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungog_Shire" title="Dungog Shire">Dungog Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muswellbrook_Shire" title="Muswellbrook Shire">Muswellbrook Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singleton_Council" title="Singleton Council">Singleton Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hunter_Shire" title="Upper Hunter Shire">Upper Hunter Shire</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electorates of the Australian states and territories">State electorate(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Cessnock" title="Electoral district of Cessnock">Cessnock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Charlestown" title="Electoral district of Charlestown">Charlestown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Lake_Macquarie" title="Electoral district of Lake Macquarie">Lake Macquarie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Maitland" title="Electoral district of Maitland">Maitland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Newcastle" title="Electoral district of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Port_Stephens" title="Electoral district of Port Stephens">Port Stephens</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Swansea" title="Electoral district of Swansea">Swansea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Upper_Hunter" title="Electoral district of Upper Hunter">Upper Hunter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wallsend" title="Electoral district of Wallsend">Wallsend</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">Federal division(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Hunter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Lyne" title="Division of Lyne">Lyne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Newcastle" title="Division of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Paterson" title="Division of Paterson">Paterson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Shortland" title="Division of Shortland">Shortland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="3" style="width:100%; border: 1px #ddd solid;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#f0f0ff;padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center;"><b>Localities around Hunter Region:</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/North_West_Slopes_(New_South_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="North West Slopes (New South Wales)">North West Slopes</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:34%;"><a href="/wiki/New_England_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="New England (Australia)">New England</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Mid_North_Coast" title="Mid North Coast">Mid North Coast</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Central_West_(New_South_Wales)" title="Central West (New South Wales)">Central West</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px 0px; width:34%;font-weight:bold;">Hunter Region</td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Greater Sydney</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:34%;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(New_South_Wales)" title="Central Coast (New South Wales)">Central Coast</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hunter Region</b>, also commonly known as the <b>Hunter Valley</b>, <b>Newcastle Region</b>, or simply <b>Hunter</b>, is a region in northern <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia, extending from approximately 162 km (101 mi) to 310 km (193 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>. It contains the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Hunter River (New South Wales)">Hunter River</a> and its tributaries with highland areas to the north and south.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situated at the northern end of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Basin" title="Sydney Basin">Sydney Basin</a> bioregion, the Hunter Valley is one of the largest river valleys on the NSW coast, and is most commonly known for its wineries and coal industry. </p><p>Most of the population of the Hunter Region lives within 25 km (16 mi) of the coast, with 55% of the entire population living in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Lake_Macquarie" title="City of Lake Macquarie">Lake Macquarie</a>. There are numerous other towns and villages scattered across the region in the eleven <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia" title="Local government in Australia">local government areas</a> (LGAs) that make up the region. At the <a href="/wiki/2021_Australian_census" title="2021 Australian census">2021 census</a> the combined population of the region was 682,465, and is expected to reach over 1,000,000 people by 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Australia's wine <a href="/wiki/Appellation" title="Appellation">appellation</a> system, the Hunter Valley wine zone <a href="/wiki/Australian_Geographical_Indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Geographical Indication">Australian Geographical Indication</a> (GI) covers the entire catchment of the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Hunter River (New South Wales)">Hunter River</a> and its tributaries. Within that, the Hunter region is almost as large, and includes most of the wine-producing areas, excluding the metropolitan area of Newcastle and nearby coastal areas, some national parks, and any land that was in the Mudgee Shire (at the western heights of the catchment). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hunter_wine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter wine region">Hunter wine region</a> is one of <a href="/wiki/Australia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia (wine)">Australia</a>'s best known <a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions#Australia" title="List of wine-producing regions">wine regions</a>, playing a pivotal role in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_wine#History" title="Australian wine">history of Australian wine</a> as one of the first wine regions planted in the early 19th century. The success of the Hunter Valley wine industry has been dominated by its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> with its settlement and plantings in the 19th century fuelled by the trade network that linked the Hunter Valley to Sydney. The steady demand of consumers from Sydney continues to drive much of the Hunter Valley wine industry, including a factor in the economy by the tourism industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_Atlas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Hunter Valley has been supplanted by the massive <a href="/wiki/Riverina#Wine" title="Riverina">Riverina wine region</a> as the largest producer of New South Wales wine, it still accounts for around 3% of Australia's total wine production and is one of the country's most recognisable regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_and_Rand,_2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke_and_Rand,_2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For over 30,000 years the <a href="/wiki/Wonnarua" title="Wonnarua">Wonnarua</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal Australians</a> inhabited the land that is now known as the Hunter Valley wine region. Along with the <a href="/wiki/Worimi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Worimi people">Worimi</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Awabakal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Awabakal people">Awabakal</a> to the south, the Wonnarua developed a trading route connecting the Coquun (Hunter) Valley to the harbour now known as <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Sydney harbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_John_Shortland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Captain_John_Shortland.jpg/160px-Captain_John_Shortland.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Captain_John_Shortland.jpg/240px-Captain_John_Shortland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Captain_John_Shortland.jpg/320px-Captain_John_Shortland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/John_Shortland" title="John Shortland">John Shortland</a> was the first European to survey the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Hunter River (New South Wales)">Hunter River</a> in 1797.</figcaption></figure> <p>The wine-making history of Hunter Valley begins with the European settlement of the Sydney and the New South Wales region of Australia in the late 18th century as a penal colony of the British Empire. The Hunter River itself was discovered, by accident, in 1797 by British Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/John_Shortland" title="John Shortland">John Shortland</a> as he searched for escaped convicts. The region soon became a valuable source for timber and coal that fuelled the steamship trade coming out of Sydney.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Land prospector John Howe cut a path through the Australian wilderness from Sydney up to the overland area in what is now known as the (Lower) Hunter Valley proper in 1820. Today, the modern <a href="/wiki/Putty_Road" title="Putty Road">Putty Road</a> between the cities of <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_New_South_Wales" title="Windsor, New South Wales">Windsor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singleton,_New_South_Wales" title="Singleton, New South Wales">Singleton</a> follows Howe's exact path and is a major thoroughfare for wine tourists coming into the Hunter Valley from Sydney.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As previous plantings in the coastal areas around Sydney succumbed to the humidity and wetness, and plantings to the west were limited by spring frost damage, northern reaches leading to the Hunter became, almost by default, the wine region of the new colony.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_2001_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expansive growth of the Hunter Valley wine industry in the mid to late 19th century arose from its monopoly position in the lucrative Sydney market. The provincial government of New South Wales had enacted regulations that placed prohibitive duties on wines from other areas such as Victoria and South Australia. Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, many returning Australian veterans were given land grants in the Hunter Valley. This temporarily produced an up-tick in plantings but the global <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> as well as a series of devastating hail storms between 1929 and 1930 caused many growers to abandon their vineyards.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_Diva_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_Diva-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Sydneybecken.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karte_Sydneybecken.png/170px-Karte_Sydneybecken.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karte_Sydneybecken.png/255px-Karte_Sydneybecken.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Karte_Sydneybecken.png/340px-Karte_Sydneybecken.png 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The Sydney Basin showing the Great Dividing Range, the Hunter Valley and the Barrington Tops to the north of the Hunter</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hunter Region is considered a transitional area between the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> rock foundation of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Fold_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Fold Belt">New England Fold Belt</a> located to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Early_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Permian">Early Permian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle Triassic</a> period rock formations of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Basin" title="Sydney Basin">Sydney Basin</a> to the south. Between these two geological areas is the Hunter-<a href="/wiki/Mooki_River" title="Mooki River">Mooki</a> Thrust fault.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one time this fault was very geologically active and gave rise to the Brokenback range that feature prominently in the Hunter region. Strips of <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> found throughout the region also bear witness to the volcanic activity that has occurred in the history of this fault.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_Atlas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Permian rocks in the central and southeastern expanse of the Lower Hunter Valley were formed when the area was underneath a shallow marine <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>. The remnants of this period has left an extensive network of coal seams that fuelled the early population boom of the Hunter Valley in the 19th century as well a high degree of <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> in the water table of much of the area. The further north and west, towards the Brokenback Range and the Upper Hunter, the more <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> sandstone that can be found leading eventually to the <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">carboniferous</a> rocks that form the northern boundary of the Hunter with the New England Fold Belt and the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Barrington_Tops" title="Barrington Tops">Barrington Tops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overall, the Hunter Valley has more soils (mostly hard, acidic patches of poorly draining heavy clay) that are unsuitable for viticulture than they have areas that are ideal for growing grapes. The soils of the Lower Hunter vary widely from sandy <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> flats (often planted to Semillon), to deep friable <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loam</a> (often planted with Shiraz) and friable red <a href="/wiki/Duplex_soils" class="mw-redirect" title="Duplex soils">duplex soils</a>. In the Upper Hunter, the rivers and creeks of the region contribute to the areas black, silty loam soils that are often overlaid on top of <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> clay loam. Among the hills of the Brokenback range are strips of volcanic basalt that are prized by growers for their tendencies to restrict vigor and concentrate mineral flavours in the grapes.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_Atlas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Warkworth_Sands_Woodland_of_the_Hunter_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Warkworth Sands Woodland of the Hunter Valley">Warkworth Sands Woodland of the Hunter Valley</a> are situated on these soils.<sup id="cite_ref-listing_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listing-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main river in the region is the Hunter River, after which the region is named. Other rivers in the region include the <a href="/wiki/Allyn_River" title="Allyn River">Allyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avon_River_(Mid-Coast_Council)" title="Avon River (Mid-Coast Council)">Avon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrington_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Barrington River (New South Wales)">Barrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bow_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Bow River (New South Wales)">Bow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowman_River" title="Bowman River">Bowman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chichester_River" title="Chichester River">Chichester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_River" title="Gloucester River">Gloucester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goulburn_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Goulburn River (New South Wales)">Goulburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isis_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Isis River (New South Wales)">Isis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karuah_River" title="Karuah River">Karuah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krui_River" title="Krui River">Krui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammy_Johnsons_River" title="Mammy Johnsons River">Mammy Johnsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merriwa_River" title="Merriwa River">Merriwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munmurra_River" title="Munmurra River">Munmurra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pages_River" title="Pages River">Pages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paterson_River" title="Paterson River">Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wangat_River" title="Wangat River">Wangat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Williams_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Williams River (New South Wales)">Williams</a> rivers. </p><p>Despite being the area's namesake, the Hunter River itself is not the dominant feature of the region—falling behind the Brokenback Range for that distinction. The greater river system of the Hunter, which includes the Goulburn and important tributaries such as Giants Creek, do provide needed <a href="/wiki/Irrigation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrigation (wine)">irrigation</a> for areas such as the Upper Hunter than can be prone to drought condition. The origins of the river begin the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Range" title="Liverpool Range">Liverpool Range</a> of the volcanic <a href="/wiki/Barrington_Tops" title="Barrington Tops">Barrington Tops</a> and flows south and then east down to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> at the seaport city of <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fresh water supply for the region is provided from a number of sources, which are managed by the Hunter Water and State Water Corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-hwcleaflet_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwcleaflet-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State Water Corporation's dams supply water for irrigation, industrial use at coal mines and the region's <a href="/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station" title="Coal-fired power station">coal-fired power stations</a>, and town water to upper Hunter Region towns. Hunter Water Corporation's dams supply the large urban population of more than 500,000 living near the coast and centred on the cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. </p><p>State Water Corporation's <a href="/wiki/Glenbawn_Dam" title="Glenbawn Dam">Glenbawn</a>, the largest dam in the region, <a href="/wiki/Chichester_Dam" title="Chichester Dam">Chichester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lostock_Dam" title="Lostock Dam">Lostock</a> are dams on the Hunter, Chichester and Paterson rivers respectively. Hunter Water Corporation's <a href="/wiki/Grahamstown_Dam" title="Grahamstown Dam">Grahamstown Dam</a>, the largest dam supplying the urban areas of the lower Hunter Region, is supplied with water diverted from the Williams River just north of the Seaham Weir, through a large pump station at Balickera. The dam itself has only a small natural catchment and relies mainly on the pumped water from the Williams River.<sup id="cite_ref-hwcleaflet_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwcleaflet-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Tillegra_Dam_proposal" title="Tillegra Dam proposal">proposal to build Tillegra Dam</a> on the Williams River existed since the 1950s, but was scrapped in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-hwcleaflet_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwcleaflet-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the dams, fresh water for the lower Hunter Region is supplied from the <a href="/wiki/Tomago,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomago, New South Wales">Tomago Sandbeds</a>, via a series of bores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Towns_and_cities">Towns and cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Towns and cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hunter Region includes four cities. In order of population these are <a href="/wiki/City_of_Lake_Macquarie" title="City of Lake Macquarie">Lake Macquarie</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Newcastle" title="City of Newcastle">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Maitland" title="City of Maitland">Maitland</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Cessnock" title="City of Cessnock">Cessnock</a>. Other major centres of the Hunter Region are <a href="/wiki/Dungog" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungog">Dungog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_New_South_Wales" title="Gloucester, New South Wales">Gloucester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurri_Kurri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurri Kurri">Kurri Kurri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muswellbrook" title="Muswellbrook">Muswellbrook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Terrace" title="Raymond Terrace">Raymond Terrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scone,_New_South_Wales" title="Scone, New South Wales">Scone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singleton,_New_South_Wales" title="Singleton, New South Wales">Singleton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg/220px-Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg/330px-Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg/440px-Drought_conditions_in_the_Upper_Hunter_near_Singleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Parts of the Upper Hunter Valley can be very dry and experience drought conditions during the growing season.</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate of Hunter Valley is <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Western_Sydney" title="Greater Western Sydney">Greater Western Sydney</a> region, with distinctive <a href="/wiki/Maritime_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime (wine)">maritime</a> influences from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacNeil_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacNeil-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its northerly latitude and close oceanic influences, the Hunter Valley is one of Australia's hottest and wettest wine regions. Flanked by mountains to the west and north the Hunter Valley acts as a funnel, pulling cool <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">ocean breezes</a> into the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine_Atlas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With those cooling breezes also comes heavy rainfall and periodic cyclonic storms in the summer and autumn months. </p><p>In the summer, the average daily temperature regularly exceeds 21.1 °C (70.0 °F) while during the winter the temperature averages around 14 °C (57.2 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures during January average between 22.7–23.3 °C (72.9–73.9 °F), with the temperature becoming progressively hotter the further inland you move away from the cooling influence of the sea. During the spring the Hunter Valley receives an average of 7.3–7.5 hours of sunshine a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_2001_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mid-latitude westerly winds bring high pressure weather front that alternate with cold fronts on the winter. This leads to generally drier conditions in the winter months of July and August. In the summer, southeasterly winds bring weather fronts harbouring extensive amounts of moisture.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between October and April more than two thirds of the region's annual rainfall will fall with January and February being the wettest months.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_2001_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the months of October–April, the 3pm average for relative humidity in the Lower Hunter is 49%, while it is 43% in the Upper Hunter.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a> (coast) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(107.6) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.0<br />(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.4<br />(4.23) </td> <td style="background: #4CFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.6<br />(4.71) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.9<br />(4.60) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.6<br />(4.55) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.5<br />(4.63) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.2<br />(3.67) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.2<br />(2.88) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1<br />(2.84) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.5<br />(2.85) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0<br />(2.80) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.9<br />(3.19) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,129.9<br />(44.48) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">135.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">66 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Scone Airport (Upper Hunter Valley region) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(110.3) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(110.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #E40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.4<br />(110.1) </td> <td style="background: #F20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(108.3) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.5<br />(110.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.3<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.3<br />(3.04) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(1.53) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.5<br />(1.83) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5<br />(1.79) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(1.50) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.8<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9<br />(2.67) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">643.1<br />(25.32) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">95.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industries">Industries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main industries in the Hunter Region are <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal mining in Australia">coal mining</a>, manufacturing, agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> and wine making, tourism, horse breeding, electricity production, dairy farming and beef cattle farming, and associated service industries. The Hunter Region is one of Australia's most famous wine-growing regions, known for both its red and white wine varieties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coal_mining">Coal mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coal mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg/220px-Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg/330px-Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg/440px-Hunter_Valley_Ravensworth_open-cut_coal_mining_operations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Ravensworth open-cut coal mining operations run by <a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg/220px-Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg/330px-Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg/440px-Hunter_Valley_coal_operations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3351" data-file-height="1975" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Hunter Valley coal operations, including several mines and power plants</figcaption></figure> <p>The most important economic activity in the valley is coal mining (through businesses such as <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(corporation)" title="Rio Tinto (corporation)">Rio Tinto</a> and <a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a>), mostly for export. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Newcastle" title="Port of Newcastle">Port of Newcastle</a> is the world's largest export facility for coal, most of which is brought to the port by <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Coal_Chain#Rail_infrastructure" title="Hunter Valley Coal Chain">rail</a>. Coal ships are often seen off the coast of Newcastle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity_generation">Electricity generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Electricity generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">Electricity generation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Eraring_Power_Station" title="Eraring Power Station">Eraring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayswater_Power_Station" title="Bayswater Power Station">Bayswater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liddell_Power_Station" title="Liddell Power Station">Liddell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munmorah_Power_Station" title="Munmorah Power Station">Munmorah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redbank_Power_Station" title="Redbank Power Station">Redbank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vales_Point_Power_Station" title="Vales Point Power Station">Vales Point</a> coal-fired power stations is a major industry of the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_breeding">Horse breeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Horse breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hunter Valley is Australia's main region for the breeding and rearing of <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbred</a> horses and most of the country's best racehorses.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrie_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrie-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dr_Collins_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dr_Collins-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Upper Hunter area around <a href="/wiki/Scone,_New_South_Wales" title="Scone, New South Wales">Scone</a> is one of the largest horse breeding areas in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commonly known as "Wine Country",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Hunter Valley is a major tourist destination in New South Wales and is the 6th most visited place in Australia attracting more than 2.5 million people annually. There are regular events held in the Hunter for visitors, including the Hunter Valley Steam Trains running the first three Sundays of each month and regular scenic cruises on the Hunter River and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Macquarie_(New_South_Wales)" title="Lake Macquarie (New South Wales)">Lake Macquarie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wine_production">Wine production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Wine production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_wine" title="Hunter Valley wine">Hunter Valley wine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_(9679974515).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_%289679974515%29.jpg/220px-Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_%289679974515%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_%289679974515%29.jpg/330px-Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_%289679974515%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_%289679974515%29.jpg/440px-Cows_and_Hunter_Valley_Vineyard_%289679974515%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>A Hunter Valley vineyard</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hunter Valley Wine Zone <a href="/wiki/Australian_Geographical_Indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Geographical Indication">Australian Geographical Indication</a> was registered on 1 May 1996 and is approximately the entire Hunter River catchment. It contains only one named wine region, Hunter.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hunter Wine Region Australian Geographical Indication was declared on 18 March 1997. It is not as large as the Hunter Valley zone, but includes most of the significant vineyards. It does not extend east of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Highway_(Australia)" title="Pacific Highway (Australia)">Pacific Highway</a>. </p><p>Some of the oldest vines in the Hunter Valley were planted in 1924 around the village of Fordwich. <a href="/wiki/Pokolbin,_New_South_Wales" title="Pokolbin, New South Wales">Pokolbin</a>, located in the "Lower Hunter Valley", is the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_wine" title="Hunter Valley wine">Hunter Valley wine</a> country, which claims to be Australia's oldest wine region.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located between the towns of <a href="/wiki/Cessnock,_New_South_Wales" title="Cessnock, New South Wales">Cessnock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Branxton,_New_South_Wales" title="Branxton, New South Wales">Branxton</a>, about 50 km (31 mi) west of Newcastle. The wine country is primarily located within the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Cessnock" title="City of Cessnock">Cessnock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singleton_Council" title="Singleton Council">Singleton</a> LGAs. Its proximity to Sydney has been an influence on the area's investments in wine production and its emergence as a tourist destination. The Broke Fordwich area is located along the Hunter River tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Wollombi_Brook" class="mw-redirect" title="Wollombi Brook">Wollombi Brook</a> near the suburb of Pokolbin and was founded in 1830 by Major <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(explorer)" title="Thomas Mitchell (explorer)">Thomas Mitchell</a> who named the region after his fellow <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic War">Napoleonic War</a> veteran Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Broke-Vere" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Broke-Vere">Charles Broke-Vere</a>. </p><p>Much of the rolling countryside around Pokolbin is under vine and has a large number of <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a>, restaurants, shops, golf courses and country guesthouses. Other parts of the valley including the <a href="/wiki/Wollombi,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Wollombi, New South Wales">Wollombi Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broke_Fordwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Broke Fordwich">Broke Fordwich</a> subregion are also well known for wine, along with the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_wine#Upper_Hunter_Valley" title="Hunter Valley wine">Upper Hunter Valley</a>. The main town in the Upper Hunter Valley subregion is <a href="/wiki/Muswellbrook" title="Muswellbrook">Muswellbrook</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_representation">Political representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Australian federal elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, the Hunter Region is contained within the divisions of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Hunter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Lyne" title="Division of Lyne">Lyne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Newcastle" title="Division of Newcastle">Newcastle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Paterson" title="Division of Paterson">Paterson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Shortland" title="Division of Shortland">Shortland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the purposes of New South Wales elections for the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly of New South Wales">Legislative Assembly</a>, the Hunter Region is contained within the electoral districts of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Cessnock" title="Electoral district of Cessnock">Cessnock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Charlestown" title="Electoral district of Charlestown">Charlestown</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Lake_Macquarie" title="Electoral district of Lake Macquarie">Lake Macquarie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Maitland" title="Electoral district of Maitland">Maitland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Myall_Lakes" title="Electoral district of Myall Lakes">Myall Lakes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Newcastle" title="Electoral district of Newcastle">Newcastle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Port_Stephens" title="Electoral district of Port Stephens">Port Stephens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Swansea" title="Electoral district of Swansea">Swansea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Upper_Hunter" title="Electoral district of Upper Hunter">Upper Hunter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wallsend" title="Electoral district of Wallsend">Wallsend</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wyong" title="Electoral district of Wyong">Wyong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography_and_area">Demography and area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demography and area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales" title="Local government areas of New South Wales">local government areas</a> are contained within the region: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Population by local government area </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Hunter rank </th> <th scope="col">Local government area </th> <th scope="col">Estimate resident population 30 June 2020<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">1 year growth rate </th> <th scope="col">Population density (people/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lake_Macquarie" title="City of Lake Macquarie">City of Lake Macquarie</a> </td> <td>207,775 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>320.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Newcastle" title="City of Newcastle">City of Newcastle</a> </td> <td>167,363 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td>896.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Maitland" title="City of Maitland">City of Maitland</a> </td> <td>87,395 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td>223.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens_Council" title="Port Stephens Council">Port Stephens Council</a> </td> <td>74,506 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>86.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Cessnock" title="City of Cessnock">City of Cessnock</a> </td> <td>61,256 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td>31.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Singleton_Council" title="Singleton Council">Singleton Council</a> </td> <td>23,380 </td> <td>−0.3 </td> <td>4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muswellbrook_Shire" title="Muswellbrook Shire">Muswellbrook Shire</a> </td> <td>16,355 </td> <td>−0.1 </td> <td>4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hunter_Shire" title="Upper Hunter Shire">Upper Hunter Shire</a> </td> <td>14,167 </td> <td>−0.1 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dungog_Shire" title="Dungog Shire">Dungog Shire</a> </td> <td>9,664 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td>4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Hunter </th> <th style="text-align:right">661,861 </th> <th style="text-align:right">1.3 </th> <th style="text-align:right">29.2 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_protection">Environmental protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Environmental protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hunter Region contains the <a href="/wiki/Goulburn_River_National_Park" title="Goulburn River National Park">Goulburn River National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myall_Lakes_National_Park" title="Myall Lakes National Park">Myall Lakes National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrington_Tops_National_Park" title="Barrington Tops National Park">Barrington Tops National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werakata_National_Park" title="Werakata National Park">Werakata National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watagans_National_Park" title="Watagans National Park">Watagans National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_National_Park" title="Mount Royal National Park">Mount Royal National Park</a>, Polkolbin State Forest, Putty State Forest, Chichester State Forest, Running Creek Nature Reserve, The Glen Nature Reserve, <a href="/wiki/Black_Bulga_State_Conservation_Area" title="Black Bulga State Conservation Area">Black Bulga State Conservation Area</a>, Myall River State Forest, and Karuah Nature Reserve. </p><p>Within the Hunter, many endangered ecological communities (EECs) have been declared under the <a href="/wiki/TSC_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="TSC Act">TSC Act</a>. These communities are found on both public and private land, and prior to development of land, the landowner is required to undertake an environmental assessment to ascertain whether it will impact endangered species or endangered communities. Examples of endangered ecological communities found within the Hunter Region are: </p> <ol><li>Grey Box–Grey Gum Wet Sclerophyll Forest<sup id="cite_ref-gbgg_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbgg-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hunter Floodplain Red Gum Woodland<sup id="cite_ref-fp_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fp-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hunter Lowland Redgum Forest<sup id="cite_ref-rg_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rg-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hunter Valley Vine Thicket<sup id="cite_ref-vt_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vt-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hunter Valley Weeping Myall Woodland<sup id="cite_ref-wm_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wm-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lower Hunter Valley Dry Rainforest<sup id="cite_ref-LH_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LH-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Warkworth Sands Woodland. This EEC occurs on <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">aeolian</a> sands, south east of <a href="/wiki/Singleton,_New_South_Wales" title="Singleton, New South Wales">Singleton</a> (but may occur elsewhere in the Bioregion.)<sup id="cite_ref-WS_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statehood_movement">Statehood movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Statehood movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is an active movement campaigning for the Hunter Region to secede from New South Wales to form its own state. The sale of the Port of Newcastle and the refusal of the NSW state government to build a container terminal in Newcastle has been cited as the motivation behind the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement's demands include a <a href="/wiki/Royal_commission" title="Royal commission">Royal commission</a> into the feasibility of Hunter Valley Statehood as soon as possible, and a referendum on Hunter Valley statehood by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chapter VI of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a> allows new states to be formed, but only with the consent of the Parliament of the state in question. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_South_Wales" title="Portal:New South Wales">New South Wales portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_South_Wales" title="Regions of New South Wales">Regions of New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_wine" title="New South Wales wine">New South Wales wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_ecological_communities_in_NSW" class="mw-redirect" title="List of endangered ecological communities in NSW">List of endangered ecological communities in NSW</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Population figure is the combined population of all LGAs in the region.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release">"Regional population, 2019–20 financial year"</a>. <i>Australian Bureau of Statistics</i>. 30 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210330092152/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+population%2C+2019%E2%80%9320+financial+year&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpopulation%2Fregional-population%2Flatest-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/dlg/dlghome/dlg_regions.asp">"Department of Local Government – Regions"</a>. NSW Department of Local Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070809021152/http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/dlg/dlghome/dlg_regions.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Local+Government+%E2%80%93+Regions&rft.pub=NSW+Department+of+Local+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlg.nsw.gov.au%2Fdlg%2Fdlghome%2Fdlg_regions.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-10/hunter2c-central-coast-population-to-top-million-mark-within-d/4947266">"Hunter, Central Coast population to top million mark within decades"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 9 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503073618/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-10/hunter2c-central-coast-population-to-top-million-mark-within-d/4947266">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Hunter%2C+Central+Coast+population+to+top+million+mark+within+decades&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-09-10%2Fhunter2c-central-coast-population-to-top-million-mark-within-d%2F4947266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wine_Atlas-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_Atlas_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, Hugh, and Jancis Robinson. The World Atlas of Wine. London: Mitchell Beazley, 2005. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke_and_Rand,_2001-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_and_Rand,_2001_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarke, Oz, and Margaret Rand. <i>Oz Clarke's Encyclopedia of Grapes</i>. New York: Harcourt, 2001. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Wine_Country_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hunter Valley Wine Country." <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winecountry.com.au">Hunter Valley Wine Country Tourism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101033506/http://www.winecountry.com.au/">Archived</a> 1 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> 8 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday,_2001-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_2001_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_2001_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_2001_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Halliday, James. "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/region_in_focus/hunter_valley/articles/id4216.jsp">Regional Spotlight – Hunter Valley.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229142450/http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/region_in_focus/hunter_valley/articles/id4216.jsp">Archived</a> 29 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>" Wine Pros. 29 October 2001. Web. 25 May 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wine_Diva-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wine_Diva_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winediva.com.au/regions/hunter-valley.asp">Hunter Valley – Australian Wine Regions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221030250/http://www.winediva.com.au/regions/hunter-valley.asp">Archived</a> 21 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</i> Wine Diva Australia." Wine Diva. 1 June 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_Valley_Research_Foundation_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hvrf.com.au/pages/hrf/hunter_region_yearbook.php">Hunter Valley Research Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091018070454/http://www.hvrf.com.au/pages/hrf/hunter_region_yearbook.php">Archived</a> 18 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</i> Web. 1 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-listing-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-listing_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (28 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/WarkworthSandsWoodlandSydneyEndComListing.htm">"Warkworth Sands woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion – endangered ecological community listing: final determination | NSW Environment, Energy and Science"</a>. <i>www.environment.nsw.gov.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018021604/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/WarkworthSandsWoodlandSydneyEndComListing.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.environment.nsw.gov.au&rft.atitle=Warkworth+Sands+woodland+in+the+Sydney+Basin+Bioregion+%E2%80%93+endangered+ecological+community+listing%3A+final+determination+%7C+NSW+Environment%2C+Energy+and+Science&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2FWarkworthSandsWoodlandSydneyEndComListing.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hwcleaflet-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hwcleaflet_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hwcleaflet_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hwcleaflet_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218144325/http://www.hunterwater.com.au/files/Tillegra_Dam_Proposal_-_General_Information_Leaflet.pdf">"Tillegra Dam Proposal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hunter Water Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hunterwater.com.au/files/Tillegra_Dam_Proposal_-_General_Information_Leaflet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tillegra+Dam+Proposal&rft.pub=Hunter+Water+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hunterwater.com.au%2Ffiles%2FTillegra_Dam_Proposal_-_General_Information_Leaflet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2010" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Jacqui (29 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/463914/retrofitting-an-alternative-to-tillegra/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Retrofitting' an alternative to Tillegra"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Newcastle_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Newcastle Herald">The Newcastle Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120820195155/http://www.theherald.com.au/news/local/news/general/retrofitting-an-alternative-to-tillegra/2010803.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Newcastle+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Retrofitting%27+an+alternative+to+Tillegra&rft.date=2010-11-29&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jacqui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcastleherald.com.au%2Fstory%2F463914%2Fretrofitting-an-alternative-to-tillegra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacNeil-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacNeil, Karen. The Wine Bible. New York: Workman Pub., 2001. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+NSW&rft.atitle=Hunter+Valley&rft.date=2017-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitnsw.com%2Fdestinations%2Fhunter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/nsw/hunter.htm">"Profile of the electoral division of Hunter (NSW)"</a>. <i>Current federal electoral divisions</i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Electoral_Commission" title="Australian Electoral Commission">Australian Electoral Commission</a>. 26 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224094430/http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/nsw/hunter.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cessnock&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fcessnock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/charlestown">"Charlestown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122225826/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Charlestown">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charlestown&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fcharlestown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/lake-macquarie">"Lake Macquarie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225200830/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Lake-Macquarie">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+Macquarie&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Flake-macquarie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/maitland">"Maitland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123004236/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Maitland">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maitland&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fmaitland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/myall-lakes">"Myall Lakes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130053944/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/myall-lakes">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Myall+Lakes&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fmyall-lakes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/newcastle">"Newcastle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123004349/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Newcastle">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newcastle&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fnewcastle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/port-stephens">"Port Stephens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227074025/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Port-Stephens">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port+Stephens&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fport-stephens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/swansea">"Swansea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123005936/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Swansea">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swansea&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fswansea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/upper-hunter">"Upper Hunter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228115449/https://elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Upper-Hunter">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Upper+Hunter&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fupper-hunter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/wallsend">"Wallsend"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225200748/https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Wallsend">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wallsend&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fwallsend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/wyong">"Wyong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Electoral_Commission" title="New South Wales Electoral Commission">New South Wales Electoral Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228115654/https://elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Wyong">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wyong&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.nsw.gov.au%2FDistrict-profiles%2Fwyong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gbgg-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gbgg_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/greybox36a.htm">"Grey Box – Grey Gum Wet Sclerophyll Forest in the NSW North Coast Bioregion – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 3 of Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904013001/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/greybox36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grey+Box+%E2%80%93+Grey+Gum+Wet+Sclerophyll+Forest+in+the+NSW+North+Coast+Bioregion+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+3+of+Schedule+1+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Fgreybox36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fp-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fp_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/hunterfloodplain36a.htm">"Hunter Floodplain Red Gum Woodland in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin Bioregions – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 3 of Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904014514/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/hunterfloodplain36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunter+Floodplain+Red+Gum+Woodland+in+the+NSW+North+Coast+and+Sydney+Basin+Bioregions+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+3+of+Schedule+1+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Fhunterfloodplain36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rg-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rg_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/hunterlowlandredgum36a.htm">"Hunter Lowland Redgum Forest in the Sydney Basin and NSW North Coast Bioregions – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 3 of Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904012935/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/hunterlowlandredgum36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunter+Lowland+Redgum+Forest+in+the+Sydney+Basin+and+NSW+North+Coast+Bioregions+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+3+of+Schedule+1+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Fhunterlowlandredgum36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vt-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vt_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/huntervalleyvine36a.htm">"Hunter Valley Vine Thicket in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin Bioregions – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 3 of Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904014446/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/huntervalleyvine36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunter+Valley+Vine+Thicket+in+the+NSW+North+Coast+and+Sydney+Basin+Bioregions+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+3+of+Schedule+1+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Fhuntervalleyvine36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wm-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wm_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/huntervalleyweepingmyall36a.htm">"Hunter Valley Weeping Myall Woodland of the Sydney Basin bioregion – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 3 of Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904014612/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/huntervalleyweepingmyall36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunter+Valley+Weeping+Myall+Woodland+of+the+Sydney+Basin+bioregion+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+3+of+Schedule+1+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Fhuntervalleyweepingmyall36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LH-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LH_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNSW_Scientific_Committee2011" class="citation web cs1">NSW Scientific Committee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/lowerhuntervalleydryrainforest36a.htm">"Lower Hunter Valley Dry Rainforest in the Sydney Basin and NSW North Coast Bioregions – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 2 of Schedule 2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904011323/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/lowerhuntervalleydryrainforest36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lower+Hunter+Valley+Dry+Rainforest+in+the+Sydney+Basin+and+NSW+North+Coast+Bioregions+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+2+of+Schedule+2+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NSW+Scientific+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Flowerhuntervalleydryrainforest36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WS-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WS_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NSW Scientific Committee. (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/warkworthsands36a.htm">"Warkworth Sands Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion – Determination to make a minor amendment to Part 3 of Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act"</a>. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904012943/https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/warkworthsands36a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warkworth+Sands+Woodland+in+the+Sydney+Basin+Bioregion+%E2%80%93+Determination+to+make+a+minor+amendment+to+Part+3+of+Schedule+1+of+the+Threatened+Species+Conservation+Act&rft.pub=NSW+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fdeterminations%2Fwarkworthsands36a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="HVSM" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Rod (29 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newcastleweekly.com.au/group-calls-for-hunter-valley-statehood-after-sydney-snubbings/">"Group calls for Hunter Valley statehood after Sydney snubbings"</a>. <i>Newcastle Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005031023/https://newcastleweekly.com.au/group-calls-for-hunter-valley-statehood-after-sydney-snubbings/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newcastle+Weekly&rft.atitle=Group+calls+for+Hunter+Valley+statehood+after+Sydney+snubbings&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewcastleweekly.com.au%2Fgroup-calls-for-hunter-valley-statehood-after-sydney-snubbings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="HVSMweb" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005031028/https://hunterstatehood.com/about/">"Who We Are"</a>. <i>Hunter Valley Statehood Movement</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hunterstatehood.com/about/">the original</a> on 5 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hunter+Valley+Statehood+Movement&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhunterstatehood.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHunter+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter_Region&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hunter#Q1638164" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Hunter">Hunter</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hunter_Region,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hunter Region, New South Wales">Hunter Region</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winecountry.com.au">Hunter Valley Wine Tours</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huntergardens.org.au/">Hunter Region Botanical Gardens</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Significant_places_&amp;_items_of_interest_in_the_Hunter_Region_of_New_South_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunter_Region_places_and_items_of_interest" title="Template:Hunter Region places and items of interest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunter_Region_places_and_items_of_interest" title="Template talk:Hunter Region places and items of interest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunter_Region_places_and_items_of_interest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunter Region places and items of interest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Significant_places_&amp;_items_of_interest_in_the_Hunter_Region_of_New_South_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Significant places & items of interest in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hunter Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Commerce_&amp;_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Commerce & industry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Locomotive_Workshops" title="Cardiff Locomotive Workshops">Cardiff Locomotive Workshops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgacs_Shipyard" title="Forgacs Shipyard">Forgacs Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Coal_Chain" title="Hunter Valley Coal Chain">Hunter Valley Coal Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_wine" title="Hunter Valley wine">Hunter Valley wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kia_Ora_Stud" title="Kia Ora Stud">Kia Ora Stud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kooragang#Kooragang_Island" title="Kooragang">Kooragang Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Steelworks" title="Newcastle Steelworks">Newcastle Steelworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Newcastle" title="Port of Newcastle">Newcastle Port Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomago_aluminium_smelter" title="Tomago aluminium smelter">Tomago aluminium smelter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlestown_Square" title="Charlestown Square">Charlestown Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Street,_Newcastle" title="Hunter Street, Newcastle">Hunter Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_%26_Suburban_Co-operative_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle & Suburban Co-operative Society">Newcastle & Suburban Co-operative Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockland_Glendale" title="Stockland Glendale">Stockland Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockland_Green_Hills" title="Stockland Green Hills">Stockland Green Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Kotara" title="Westfield Kotara">Westfield Kotara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Government_House" title="Newcastle Government House">Newcastle Government House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avondale_School_(Cooranbong)" title="Avondale School (Cooranbong)">Avondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_School_of_the_Performing_Arts" title="Hunter School of the Performing Arts">Hunter School of the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Grammar_School" title="Hunter Valley Grammar School">Hunter Valley Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahibah_Public_School" title="Kahibah Public School">Kahibah Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Grammar_School,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle Grammar School, New South Wales">Newcastle Grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_College,_Maitland" title="All Saints College, Maitland">All Saints College, Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avondale_School_(Cooranbong)" title="Avondale School (Cooranbong)">Avondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaghan_College" title="Callaghan College">Callaghan College</a> <ul><li>Jesmond Senior</li> <li>Wallsend</li> <li>Waratah Technology</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessnock_High_School" title="Cessnock High School">Cessnock High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale_Technology_High_School" title="Glendale Technology High School">Glendale Technology High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_River_High_School" title="Hunter River High School">Hunter River High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_School_of_the_Performing_Arts" title="Hunter School of the Performing Arts">Hunter School of the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Grammar_School" title="Hunter Valley Grammar School">Hunter Valley Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrawang_High_School" title="Irrawang High School">Irrawang High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotara_High_School" title="Kotara High School">Kotara High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambton_High_School" title="Lambton High School">Lambton High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_Grossmann_High_School" title="Maitland Grossmann High School">Maitland Grossmann High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_High_School" title="Maitland High School">Maitland High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merewether_High_School" title="Merewether High School">Merewether High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_View_High_School_(Cessnock)" title="Mount View High School (Cessnock)">Mount View High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Grammar_School,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle Grammar School, New South Wales">Newcastle Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_High_School_(Australia)" title="Newcastle High School (Australia)">Newcastle High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Technology_High_School" title="Rutherford Technology High School">Rutherford Technology High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_College,_Lochinvar" title="St Joseph's College, Lochinvar">St Joseph's, Lochinvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaree_High_School" title="Tomaree High School">Tomaree High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_High_School_(New_South_Wales)" title="Toronto High School (New South Wales)">Toronto High</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avondale_College" title="Avondale College">Avondale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Newcastle,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Newcastle, Australia">University of Newcastle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Entertainment,_sport_&amp;_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Entertainment, sport & culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_Basketball_Stadium" title="Broadmeadow Basketball Stadium">Broadmeadow Basketball Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Italia" title="Circuit Italia">Circuit Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungog_Film_Festival" title="Dungog Film Festival">Dungog Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Steamfest" title="Hunter Valley Steamfest">Hunter Valley Steamfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_500" title="Newcastle 500">Newcastle 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Art_Gallery" title="Newcastle Art Gallery">Newcastle Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Civic_Theatre" title="Newcastle Civic Theatre">Newcastle Civic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Entertainment_Centre" title="Newcastle Entertainment Centre">Newcastle Entertainment Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_International_Sports_Centre" title="Newcastle International Sports Centre">Newcastle International Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Libraries" title="Newcastle Libraries">Newcastle Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Museum" title="Newcastle Museum">Newcastle Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Number_1_Sports_Ground" title="Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground">Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Show" title="Newcastle Show">Newcastle Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Showground" title="Newcastle Showground">Newcastle Showground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Street_Circuit" title="Newcastle Street Circuit">Newcastle Street Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfest" title="Surfest">Surfest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Island_(New_South_Wales)" title="Broughton Island (New South Wales)">Broughton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Mountain" title="Burning Mountain">Burning Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Hawke" title="Cape Hawke">Cape Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenrock_Lagoon" title="Glenrock Lagoon">Glenrock Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Dam" title="Chichester Dam">Lake Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Macquarie_(New_South_Wales)" title="Lake Macquarie (New South Wales)">Lake Macquarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myall_Lakes" title="Myall Lakes">Myall Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Range" title="Mount Royal Range">Mount Royal Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sugarloaf_(New_South_Wales)" title="Mount Sugarloaf (New South Wales)">Mount Sugarloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens_(New_South_Wales)" title="Port Stephens (New South Wales)">Port Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton_Beach" title="Stockton Beach">Stockton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tops_to_Myall_Heritage_Trail" title="Tops to Myall Heritage Trail">Tops to Myall Heritage Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">National parks</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_Tops_National_Park" title="Barrington Tops National Park">Barrington Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bulga_State_Conservation_Area" title="Black Bulga State Conservation Area">Black Bulga State Conservation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booti_Booti_National_Park" title="Booti Booti National Park">Booti Booti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghin-Doo-Ee_National_Park" title="Ghin-Doo-Ee National Park">Ghin-Doo-Ee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_National_Park" title="Mount Royal National Park">Mount Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myall_Lakes_National_Park" title="Myall Lakes National Park">Myall Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaree_National_Park" title="Tomaree National Park">Tomaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towarri_National_Park" title="Towarri National Park">Towarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallingat_National_Park" title="Wallingat National Park">Wallingat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watagans_National_Park" title="Watagans National Park">Watagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werakata_National_Park" title="Werakata National Park">Werakata</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Glen_Nature_Reserve" title="The Glen Nature Reserve">The Glen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_River" title="Allyn River">Allyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avon_River_(Mid-Coast_Council)" title="Avon River (Mid-Coast Council)">Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Barrington River (New South Wales)">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Bow River (New South Wales)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylong_River" title="Bylong River">Bylong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_River" title="Chichester River">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_River" title="Gloucester River">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulburn_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Goulburn River (New South Wales)">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Hunter River (New South Wales)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuah_River" title="Karuah River">Karuah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manning_River" title="Manning River">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myall_River" title="Myall River">Myall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_River" title="Pages River">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson_River" title="Paterson River">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangat_River" title="Wangat River">Wangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_River_(New_South_Wales)" title="Williams River (New South Wales)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worondi_Rivulet" title="Worondi Rivulet">Worondi Rivulet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_Aerodrome" title="Broadmeadow Aerodrome">Broadmeadow Aerodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Scratchley" title="Fort Scratchley">Fort Scratchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Army_Camp" title="Greta Army Camp">Greta Army Camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Boys%27_High_School" title="Newcastle Boys' High School">Newcastle Boys' High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Newcastle_Act_1937" title="Greater Newcastle Act 1937">Greater Newcastle Act 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="History of Newcastle, New South Wales">History of Newcastle, New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_cannabis_infestation" title="Hunter Valley cannabis infestation">Hunter Valley cannabis infestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Macquarie_Petrified_Forest" title="Lake Macquarie Petrified Forest">Lake Macquarie Petrified Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_Gaol" title="Maitland Gaol">Maitland Gaol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Museum" title="Newcastle Museum">Newcastle Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobbys_Head" title="Nobbys Head">Nobbys Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Newcastle_Hospital" title="Royal Newcastle Hospital">Royal Newcastle Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlee" title="Tahlee">Tahlee historic property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_Creek_Power_Station" title="Cockle Creek Power Station">Cockle Creek Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_Creek_Smelter" title="Cockle Creek Smelter">Cockle Creek Smelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothbury_riot" title="Rothbury riot">Rothbury riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Maitland_coalfields" title="South Maitland coalfields">South Maitland coalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waratah_Colliery" title="South Waratah Colliery">South Waratah Colliery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Dockyard" title="State Dockyard">State Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teralba_Colliery" title="Teralba Colliery">Teralba Colliery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walka_Water_Works" title="Walka Water Works">Walka Water Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsh_Island_Dockyard_%26_Engineering_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Walsh Island Dockyard & Engineering Works">Walsh Island Dockyard & Engineering Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangi_Power_Station" title="Wangi Power Station">Wangi Power Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluebell_Collision" title="The Bluebell Collision">Bluebell Collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cawarra" title="SS Cawarra">Cawarra shipwreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSS_Maianbar" title="TSS Maianbar">Maianbar shipwreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Sygna" title="MV Sygna">MV <i>Sygna</i> shipwreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobbys_Head_Light" title="Nobbys Head Light">Nobbys Head Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Stephens_Light" title="Point Stephens Light">Point Stephens Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_Newcastle_earthquake" title="1989 Newcastle earthquake">1989 Newcastle earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_Locomotive_Depot" title="Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot">Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernleigh_Track" title="Fernleigh Track">Fernleigh Track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Railway_Trust" title="Hunter Valley Railway Trust">Hunter Valley Railway Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Steamfest" title="Hunter Valley Steamfest">Hunter Valley Steamfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murulla_rail_accident" title="Murulla rail accident">Murulla rail accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Vale_Railway_Museum" title="Richmond Vale Railway Museum">Richmond Vale Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallsend_Railway_Goods_Shed" title="Wallsend Railway Goods Shed">Wallsend Railway Goods Shed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_railway_line,_New_South_Wales" title="Belmont railway line, New South Wales">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Maitland_%E2%80%93_Morpeth_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="East Maitland – Morpeth railway line">Morpeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Vale_railway_line" title="Richmond Vale railway line">Richmond Vale Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Maitland_Railway" title="South Maitland Railway">South Maitland Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_railway_line" title="Toronto railway line">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallsend_railway_line" title="Wallsend railway line">Wallsend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allandale_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Allandale railway station, New South Wales">Allandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiene_railway_station" title="Antiene railway station">Antiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belford_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Belford railway station, New South Wales">Belford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Belmont railway station, New South Wales">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackalls_Park_railway_station" title="Blackalls Park railway station">Blackalls Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessnock_railway_station" title="Cessnock railway station">Cessnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_railway_station" title="Civic railway station">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingadee_railway_station" title="Dingadee railway station">Dingadee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farley_railway_station" title="Farley railway station">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasstree_railway_station" title="Grasstree railway station">Grasstree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewells_railway_station" title="Jewells railway station">Jewells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimbah_railway_station" title="Minimbah railway station">Minimbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Mortuary_railway_station" title="Newcastle Mortuary railway station">Mortuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle railway station, New South Wales">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensworth_railway_station" title="Ravensworth railway station">Ravensworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_railway_station" title="Toronto railway station">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittingham_railway_station" title="Whittingham railway station">Whittingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickham_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Wickham railway station, New South Wales">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingen_railway_station" title="Wingen railway station">Wingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Trams in Newcastle, New South Wales">Trams in Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wallsend_Steam_Tram_Line" title="West Wallsend Steam Tram Line">West Wallsend Steam Tram Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wine making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindeman%27s" title="Lindeman's">Lindeman's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._2_Fighter_Sector_RAAF" title="No. 2 Fighter Sector RAAF">No. 2 Fighter Sector RAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._208_Radar_Station_RAAF" title="No. 208 Radar Station RAAF">No. 208 Radar Station RAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Assault" title="HMAS Assault">HMAS Assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Anti-Tank_Ditch" title="Belmont Anti-Tank Ditch">Belmont Anti-Tank Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Macquarie_anti-submarine_boom" title="Lake Macquarie anti-submarine boom">Lake Macquarie anti-submarine boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Covering_Force" title="Newcastle Covering Force">Newcastle Covering Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Rathmines" title="RAAF Base Rathmines">RAAF Base Rathmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Newcastle" title="Shelling of Newcastle">Shelling of Newcastle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Infrastructure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Infrastructure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_the_Hunter_Region" title="Category:Transport in the Hunter Region">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_Street,_Newcastle" title="Beaumont Street, Newcastle">Beaumont Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucketts_Way" title="Bucketts Way">Bucketts Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Highway" title="Golden Highway">Golden Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Expressway" title="Hunter Expressway">Hunter Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Highway" title="New England Highway">New England Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Inner_City_Bypass" title="Newcastle Inner City Bypass">Newcastle Inner City Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Link_Road" title="Newcastle Link Road">Newcastle Link Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Highway,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Highway, Australia">Pacific Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putty_Road" title="Putty Road">Putty Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Motorway_(Sydney-Newcastle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Motorway (Sydney-Newcastle)">Sydney-Newcastle Freeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolts_Way" title="Thunderbolts Way">Thunderbolts Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beckers_Bridge" title="Beckers Bridge">Beckers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_River_bridge,_Clarence_Town" title="Williams River bridge, Clarence Town">Clarence Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooreei_Bridge" title="Cooreei Bridge">Cooreei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunmore_Bridge" title="Dunmore Bridge">Dunmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald_Bridge,_Aberdeen" title="Fitzgerald Bridge, Aberdeen">Fitzgerald Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glennies_Creek_Bridge" title="Glennies Creek Bridge">Glennies Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexham_Bridge,_New_South_Wales" title="Hexham Bridge, New South Wales">Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson_River_bridge,_Hinton" title="Paterson River bridge, Hinton">Hinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuah_River_Bridge" title="Karuah River Bridge">Monkerai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpeth_Bridge" title="Morpeth Bridge">Morpeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton_Bridge" title="Stockton Bridge">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Gardens-Hawks_Nest_Bridge" title="Tea Gardens-Hawks Nest Bridge">Tea Gardens-Hawks Nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson_River_bridge,_Vacy" title="Paterson River bridge, Vacy">Vacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Northern_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Northern railway line">Main North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_railway_line" title="Newcastle railway line">Newcastle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Aberdeen railway station, New South Wales">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamstown_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Adamstown railway station, New South Wales">Adamstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awaba_railway_station" title="Awaba railway station">Awaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresfield_railway_station" title="Beresfield railway station">Beresfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booragul_railway_station" title="Booragul railway station">Booragul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branxton_railway_station" title="Branxton railway station">Branxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_railway_station" title="Broadmeadow railway station">Broadmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Cardiff railway station, New South Wales">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_Creek_railway_station" title="Cockle Creek railway station">Cockle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Creek_railway_station" title="Dora Creek railway station">Dora Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungog_railway_station" title="Dungog railway station">Dungog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Maitland_railway_station" title="East Maitland railway station">East Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassifern_railway_station" title="Fassifern railway station">Fassifern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_railway_station" title="Greta railway station">Greta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Hamilton railway station, New South Wales">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexham_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Hexham railway station, New South Wales">Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Street_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="High Street railway station, New South Wales">High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilldale_railway_station" title="Hilldale railway station">Hilldale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotara_railway_station" title="Kotara railway station">Kotara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochinvar_railway_station" title="Lochinvar railway station">Lochinvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_railway_station" title="Maitland railway station">Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martins_Creek_railway_station" title="Martins Creek railway station">Martins Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metford_railway_station" title="Metford railway station">Metford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindaribba_railway_station" title="Mindaribba railway station">Mindaribba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morisset_railway_station" title="Morisset railway station">Morisset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muswellbrook_railway_station" title="Muswellbrook railway station">Muswellbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Interchange" title="Newcastle Interchange">Newcastle Interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Paterson railway station, New South Wales">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandgate_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Sandgate railway station, New South Wales">Sandgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scone_railway_station" title="Scone railway station">Scone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singleton_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Singleton railway station, New South Wales">Singleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarro_railway_station" title="Tarro railway station">Tarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telarah_railway_station" title="Telarah railway station">Telarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teralba_railway_station" title="Teralba railway station">Teralba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Thornton railway station, New South Wales">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Street_railway_station,_New_South_Wales" title="Victoria Street railway station, New South Wales">Victoria Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallarobba_railway_station" title="Wallarobba railway station">Wallarobba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warabrook_railway_station" title="Warabrook railway station">Warabrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waratah_railway_station" title="Waratah railway station">Waratah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirragulla_railway_station" title="Wirragulla railway station">Wirragulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyee_railway_station" title="Wyee railway station">Wyee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_routes_in_Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus routes in Newcastle, New South Wales">Bus routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busways" title="Busways">Busways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley_Buses" title="Hunter Valley Buses">Hunter Valley Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Transport" title="Newcastle Transport">Newcastle Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens_Coaches" title="Port Stephens Coaches">Port Stephens Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Coaches" title="Rover Coaches">Rover Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Fogg%27s" title="Sid Fogg's">Sid Fogg's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessnock_Airport" title="Cessnock Airport">Cessnock Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_Airport" title="Maitland Airport">Maitland Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Airport,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Airport, New South Wales">Newcastle Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scone_Airport" title="Scone Airport">Scone Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stockton_ferry_service" title="Stockton ferry service">Stockton ferry service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Light rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Light_Rail" title="Newcastle Light Rail">Newcastle Light Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electricity generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayswater_Power_Station" title="Bayswater Power Station">Bayswater Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraring_Power_Station" title="Eraring Power Station">Eraring Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Liddell" title="Lake Liddell">Lake Liddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liddell_Power_Station" title="Liddell Power Station">Liddell Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbank_Power_Station" title="Redbank Power Station">Redbank Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teralba_Colliery" title="Teralba Colliery">Teralba Colliery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vales_Point_Power_Station" title="Vales Point Power Station">Vales Point Power Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water supply</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Dam" title="Chichester Dam">Chichester Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenbawn_Dam" title="Glenbawn Dam">Glenbawn Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grahamstown_Dam" title="Grahamstown Dam">Grahamstown Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lostock_Dam" title="Lostock Dam">Lostock Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillegra_Dam_proposal" title="Tillegra Dam proposal">Tillegra Dam proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Newcastle" title="ABC Newcastle">ABC Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit106.9_Newcastle" title="Hit106.9 Newcastle">Hit 106.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitland_Mercury" title="Maitland Mercury">Maitland Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newy_87.8_FM" title="Newy 87.8 FM">Newy 87.8 FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBN_(TV_station)" title="NBN (TV station)">Nine Northern NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_FM" title="New FM">New FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens_Examiner" title="Port Stephens Examiner">Port Stephens Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Newcastle_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Newcastle Herald">The Herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_M_Newcastle" title="Triple M Newcastle">Triple M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2HD" title="2HD">2HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2NUR" title="2NUR">2NUR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._26_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 26 Squadron RAAF">No. 26 Squadron RAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Williamtown" title="RAAF Base Williamtown">RAAF Base Williamtown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessnock_Correctional_Centre" title="Cessnock Correctional Centre">Cessnock Correctional Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Newcastle" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Newcastle">Christ Church Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health & medical research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Medical_Research_Institute" title="Hunter Medical Research Institute">Hunter Medical Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_Hospital" title="John Hunter Hospital">John Hunter Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_New_South_Wales,_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Regions of New South Wales"><abbr title="View this 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(New South Wales)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tablelands" title="Central Tablelands">Central Tablelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_West_(New_South_Wales)" title="Central West (New South Wales)">Central West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_West_(New_South_Wales)" title="Far West (New South Wales)">Far West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Blue_Mountains_Area" title="Greater Blue Mountains Area">Greater Blue Mountains Area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illawarra" title="Illawarra">Illawarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_North_Coast" title="Mid North Coast">Mid North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaro_(New_South_Wales)" title="Monaro (New South Wales)">Monaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_(New_South_Wales)" title="New England (New South Wales)">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Slopes" title="North West Slopes">North West Slopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rivers" title="Northern Rivers">Northern Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tablelands" title="Northern Tablelands">Northern Tablelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orana_(New_South_Wales)" title="Orana (New South Wales)">Orana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverina" title="Riverina">Riverina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(New_South_Wales)" title="South Coast (New South Wales)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Slopes" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Slopes">South West Slopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Highlands_(New_South_Wales)" title="Southern Highlands (New South Wales)">Southern Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tablelands" title="Southern Tablelands">Southern Tablelands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Sydney" title="Regions of Sydney">Regions of Sydney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury-Bankstown" title="Canterbury-Bankstown">Canterbury-Bankstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_central_business_district" title="Sydney central business district">Central Business District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_(Sydney)" title="Eastern Suburbs (Sydney)">Eastern Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_District_(Sydney)" title="Forest District (Sydney)">Forest District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Western_Sydney" title="Greater Western Sydney">Greater Western Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_District,_New_South_Wales" title="Hills District, New South Wales">Hills District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_West" title="Inner West">Inner West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthur_(New_South_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarthur (New South Wales)">Macarthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Beaches" title="Northern Beaches">Northern Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Suburbs">Northern Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Sydney)" title="North Shore (Sydney)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sydney" title="Southern Sydney">Southern Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-western_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="South-western Sydney">South-western Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_(Sydney)" class="mw-redirect" title="St George (Sydney)">St George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Sydney">Western Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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