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While the focus of the" /> <meta name="robots" content="noindex" /> <title>Gewalt gegen Islamisten: Der Fall der ägyptischen Muslimbruderschaft | Martina Schmidl - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/27677382/Gewalt_gegen_Islamisten_Der_Fall_der_%C3%A4gyptischen_Muslimbruderschaft" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '39314d9bcf4522f48eeb027cf31da0a13496d2ce'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733918246000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733918246000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This paper deals with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (al-ʾiḫwān al-muslimūn) in its violent interaction with outside agents. In this context, violence by, but also against the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt is un-der scrutiny. While the focus of the investigation lies on a detailed treatment of the events leading up to and following the Arab Spring in Egypt in 2011 until the spring of 2014, historical developments since the founding of the organisation in 1928 are also summarised – though less extensively – to provide ample context for attitudes on and the im-plementation of violence. Historically speaking, violence has mostly been connected to political activities of the organisation, which is why this study focuses on this aspect of the brotherhood. Its attitude to-wards violence is not only investigated in practical, historical terms, but also in the treatment of violence by important thinkers of the movement – as well as discrepancies between the two. In this context, opinions of leaders of the brotherhood on violence are given, with em-phasis placed on the attitudes of Hasan al-Bannāʾ and Saiyid Quṭb.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Martina Schmidl"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-08-10","datePublished":"2016-01-01","headline":"Gewalt gegen Islamisten: Der Fall der ägyptischen Muslimbruderschaft","image":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Political Violence and Terrorism","Egypt","Muslim Brotherhood","Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt after the Egyptian revolution 2011"],"publication":"Reiss, W. (ed.), 2016, Aufstieg und Fall der ägyptischen Muslimbruderschaft 2011-2013. Anwendungsorientierte Religionswissenschaft 8. Marburg: Tectum, 45-316.","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"uni-m"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27677382/Gewalt_gegen_Islamisten_Der_Fall_der_%C3%A4gyptischen_Muslimbruderschaft"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link 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{"work":{"id":27677382,"created_at":"2016-08-10T05:59:03.809-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T07:55:43.094-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This paper deals with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (al-ʾiḫwān al-muslimūn) in its violent interaction with outside agents. In this context, violence by, but also against the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt is un-der scrutiny. While the focus of the investigation lies on a detailed treatment of the events leading up to and following the Arab Spring in Egypt in 2011 until the spring of 2014, historical developments since the founding of the organisation in 1928 are also summarised – though less extensively – to provide ample context for attitudes on and the im-plementation of violence. Historically speaking, violence has mostly been connected to political activities of the organisation, which is why this study focuses on this aspect of the brotherhood. Its attitude to-wards violence is not only investigated in practical, historical terms, but also in the treatment of violence by important thinkers of the movement – as well as discrepancies between the two. 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(ed.), 2016, Aufstieg und Fall der ägyptischen Muslimbruderschaft 2011-2013. Anwendungsorientierte Religionswissenschaft 8. Marburg: Tectum, 45-316., 2016</div><a class="js-profile-link work-card--single-author" data-has-card-for-user="182553" href="https://uni-m.academia.edu/MartinaSchmidl?swp=tc-au-27677382"><div class="work-card--single-author-photo"><img class="Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--xxxs" alt="Martina Schmidl" shape="circle" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png';" width="65" height="65" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/182553/62453/38310093/s65_martina.schmidl.jpg" /></div><div class="work-card--author-name-wrapper" style="max-width: 125px; font-weight: 500; color: #4b4b4b;"><div class="u-textTruncate"><span itemprop="author">Martina Schmidl</span></div></div></a><script data-card-contents-for-user="182553" type="text/json">{"id":182553,"first_name":"Martina","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Schmidl","page_name":"MartinaSchmidl","domain_name":"uni-m","created_at":"2010-05-08T07:33:50.428-07:00","display_name":"Martina Schmidl","url":"https://uni-m.academia.edu/MartinaSchmidl","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/182553/62453/38310093/s65_martina.schmidl.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":2343813,"name":"Institut für Altorientalistik und Vorderasiatische Archäologie","url":"https://uni-m.academia.edu/Departments/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Altorientalistik_und_Vorderasiatische_Arch%C3%A4ologie/Documents","university":{"id":100351,"name":"Universität Münster","url":"https://uni-m.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Post-Doc","position_id":2,"interests":[{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East"},{"id":1764,"name":"Assyriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assyriology"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions"},{"id":20182,"name":"Ancient Near Eastern Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_Eastern_Languages"},{"id":20184,"name":"Akkadian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Akkadian"},{"id":107,"name":"Abrahamic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_Religions"},{"id":55112,"name":"Oriental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oriental_Studies"},{"id":6248,"name":"Religious Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Ethics"},{"id":14431,"name":"Religion and Violence/Nonviolence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Violence_Nonviolence"},{"id":14429,"name":"Religion and Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Social_Change"},{"id":26923,"name":"Anthropology and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_and_Religion"},{"id":28391,"name":"Babylon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Babylon"},{"id":26925,"name":"Gender Studies (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies_Religion_"},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History"},{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives"},{"id":13094,"name":"Contemporary Movements and Trends in Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Movements_and_Trends_in_Islam"},{"id":5323,"name":"Islam and Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Human_Rights"},{"id":33180,"name":"Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam"},{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies"},{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics"},{"id":11985,"name":"Akkadian Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Akkadian_Language"}]}</script><div class="work-card--no-attachment-details"><div style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">Abstract</div><div class="work-card--abstract js-swp-splash-abstract">This paper deals with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (al-ʾiḫwān al-muslimūn) in its violent interaction with outside agents. In this context, violence by, but also against the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt is un-der scrutiny. While the focus of the investigation lies on a detailed treatment of the events leading up to and following the Arab Spring in Egypt in 2011 until the spring of 2014, historical developments since the founding of the organisation in 1928 are also summarised – though less extensively – to provide ample context for attitudes on and the im-plementation of violence. Historically speaking, violence has mostly been connected to political activities of the organisation, which is why this study focuses on this aspect of the brotherhood. Its attitude to-wards violence is not only investigated in practical, historical terms, but also in the treatment of violence by important thinkers of the movement – as well as discrepancies between the two. In this context, opinions of leaders of the brotherhood on violence are given, with em-phasis placed on the attitudes of Hasan al-Bannāʾ and Saiyid Quṭb.</div></div><div class="request-upload--container"><p class="request-upload--title">Martina Schmidl hasn't uploaded this paper.</p><div class="request-upload--info-text"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="info-circle" class="request-upload--info-icon svg-inline--fa fa-info-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg><p class="no-margin hide-on-small-mobile">Let Martina know you want this paper to be uploaded.</p><p class="no-margin hide-above-small-mobile">Ask for this paper to be uploaded.</p></div><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button small js-request-pdf-button hide-on-desktop"><svg style="width: 14px; 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