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accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>jazz poetry</b> (poesia jazz) è stata definita come poesia che "dimostra il <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">ritmo jazz</a> o la sensazione di improvvisazione"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e anche come poesia che prende come scenario la musica jazz, i musicisti o l'ambiente jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcuni critici lo considerano un genere distinto, mentre altri considerano il termine meramente descrittivo. La poesia jazz è stata a lungo una forma d'arte "<a href="/wiki/Outsider_music" title="Outsider music">outsider</a>" che esiste da qualche parte fuori dal <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">mainstream</a>, essendo stata concepita negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_%2720" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni '20">anni '20</a> dagli <a href="/wiki/Afroamericani" title="Afroamericani">afroamericani</a>, mantenuta negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_%2750" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni '50">anni '50</a> da poeti <a href="/wiki/Controcultura_degli_anni_1960" title="Controcultura degli anni 1960">controcultura</a> come quelli della <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">generazione Beat</a>, e adattata nei tempi moderni in <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_(genere_musicale)" title="Hip hop (genere musicale)">musica hip-hop</a> ed eventi di poesia dal vivo noti come <a href="/wiki/Poetry_slam" title="Poetry slam">poetry slam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estetica">Estetica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Estetica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Estetica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Estetica" title="Estetica">Estetica</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nel suo libro <i>Digitopia Blues - Race, Technology and the American Voice</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> il poeta e sassofonista John Sobol sostiene che il jazz era un veicolo di trasformazione per l'auto-responsabilizzazione <a href="/wiki/Afroamericana" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericana">afroamericana</a> la cui caratteristica dominante e scopo era la ricerca della padronanza di un linguaggio di potere, intrapresa da un popolo orale storicamente schiavizzato e a cui era stato negato l’accesso alle parole del potere. Sobol ritiene che i poeti che si sono sentiti vincolati dall'egemonia della tradizione letterata hanno afferrato una parentela essenziale con il jazz come regno del magistrale potere orale e hanno cercato di imitare o ricreare le modalità jazz nella loro poesia, guadagnandosi così la descrizione di "jazz poetry". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_Rinascimento_di_Harlem">Il Rinascimento di Harlem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il Rinascimento di Harlem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il Rinascimento di Harlem"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Rinascimento_di_Harlem" title="Rinascimento di Harlem">Rinascimento di Harlem</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La prima jazz poetry non imitava i suoni e lo spirito di <a href="/wiki/Improvvisazione_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Improvvisazione jazz">improvvisazione del jazz</a>. Si riferiva invece fortemente alla forma musicale con allusioni a musicisti, strumenti e luoghi chiave della fiorente scena jazz. Poeti tra cui <a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay" title="Vachel Lindsay">Vachel Lindsay</a>, che in realtà detestava il suono "primitivo" della musica jazz, e Mina Loy scrissero poesie in questa vena. Fu con l'avvento del Rinascimento di Harlem che la poesia jazz si sviluppò fino a diventare quella che è oggi. </p><p>Poeti come <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a> incorporarono nei loro scritti i ritmi sincopati e le frasi ripetitive della musica blues e jazz. Molti scrittori del <a href="/wiki/Rinascimento_di_Harlem" title="Rinascimento di Harlem">Rinascimento di Harlem</a> erano profondamente preoccupati per l'orgoglio razziale e per la creazione di poesia puramente <a href="/wiki/Afroamericana" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericana">afroamericana</a>. Dal momento che la musica jazz era una parte importante della cultura afroamericana dell'epoca, Hughes e altri come lui adattarono il genere musicale per creare le proprie voci singolarmente afroamericane che potessero essere facilmente distinte dal lavoro dei poeti bianchi. Molte delle poesie di Hughes, come "The Weary Blues", suonano quasi esattamente come le canzoni jazz e blues popolari del periodo, e viceversa. Il suo lavoro è anche altamente evocativo dal punto di vista spirituale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_bebop_e_la_beat_generation">Il bebop e la beat generation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Il bebop e la beat generation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Il bebop e la beat generation"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quando i membri della <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">generazione Beat</a> iniziarono ad abbracciare aspetti della cultura afroamericana durante gli anni '50, l'arte della poesia jazz spostò la sua attenzione dall'orgoglio razziale e dall'individualità alla spontaneità e alla <a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A0_di_manifestazione_del_pensiero" title="Libertà di manifestazione del pensiero">libertà</a>. In questo caso, sia la poesia jazz che la musica jazz erano viste come potenti dichiarazioni contro lo <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a> aveva spesso un accompagnamento musicale per le sue letture di poesie. Il suo collega, musicista e compositore <a href="/wiki/David_Amram" title="David Amram">David Amram</a>, suonava spesso il pianoforte o il bongo mentre Kerouac leggeva. Amram in seguito scrisse del loro lavoro insieme: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Non abbiamo mai provato una volta. Ci siamo ascoltati intensamente l'un l'altro. Il jazz è ascolto e condivisione. Non ho mai soffocato una sola parola di ciò che Jack stava leggendo o inventando sul momento. Quando facevo il mio <a href="/wiki/Scat" title="Scat">scat</a> spontaneo [...] lui suonava il <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">pianoforte</a> o i <a href="/wiki/Bongo" title="Bongo">bonghi</a> e non soffocava mai, né calpestava una parola, né interrompeva un pensiero che io o chiunque altro avevamo quando si univano a noi in queste serate e prime ore del mattino. Avevamo rispetto reciproco l'uno per l'altro e chiunque si fosse unito a noi avrebbe ricevuto lo stesso rispetto. Non abbiamo quasi mai usato un microfono. La maggior parte delle volte non ce n'erano disponibili!<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>» </p> </div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ferlinghetti" title="Lawrence Ferlinghetti">Lawrence Ferlinghetti</a> ebbe una collaborazione simile con il sassofonista <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a>. Alcuni dicono che il poeta beat <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kaufman" title="Bob Kaufman">Bob Kaufman</a> sia il più grande poeta jazz mai vissuto, con l'eccezione di <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaufman ha reso omaggio al jazz in poesie come "O Jazz O" e "Morning Joy." Il suo lavoro è notevole per i suoi ritmi <a href="/wiki/Sincope_(musica)" title="Sincope (musica)">sincopati</a>, le immagini surreali e una qualità di <a href="/wiki/Alienazione" title="Alienazione">alienazione</a> derivante dalla sua vita come un vagabondo e un galeotto. </p><p>Il poeta della <a href="/wiki/New_York_School" title="New York School">New York School</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Koch" title="Kenneth Koch">Kenneth Koch</a> collaborò con il pittore <a href="/wiki/Larry_Rivers" title="Larry Rivers">Larry Rivers</a>, che aveva lavorato come sassofonista jazz, sulla poesia e sul jazz. Koch scrisse più tardi dell'esperienza: "L'anno scorso Larry Rivers ed io abbiamo cercato di uccidere la poesia e il jazz parodiandoli; la nostra prima sessione al Five Spot Café, tuttavia, si è rivelata così divertente, per noi, almeno, che abbiamo ripetuto l'esperienza più volte. Non credo che l'abbiamo ucciso."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_%2760" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni '60">anni '60</a> il poeta beat LeRoi Jones si ribattezzò <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> e riprese l'idea della poesia jazz come fonte di orgoglio nero. Collaborò alle registrazioni di <a href="/wiki/David_Murray_(sassofonista)" title="David Murray (sassofonista)">David Murray</a>, di brani come "Evidence" sulla <i>Fo Deuk Revue</i> di Murray (1996).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baraka era un nazionalista culturale che credeva che "i neri sono una razza, una cultura, una nazione".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elementi di jazz compaiono spesso nel lavoro di Baraka, come la <a href="/wiki/Sincope_(musica)" title="Sincope (musica)">sincope</a> e la ripetizione di frasi. <a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a>, spesso visto come uno dei padri fondatori della <a href="/wiki/Musica_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Musica rap">musica rap</a>, utilizzò anche molti degli espedienti artistici della poesia jazz nei suoi album di parole degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_%2770" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni '70">anni '70</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anni_1980" title="Anni 1980">'80</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Barry Wallenstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.2307/3041904"><span style="font-style:italic;">JazzPoetry/Jazz-Poetry/'JazzPoetry'???</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">African American Review</span>, vol. 27, n. 4, 1993, pp. 665–671, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3041904">10.2307/3041904</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3041904">3041904</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Meta DuEwa Jones Jones, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Muse is Music: Jazz Poetry from the Harlem Renaissance to Spoken Word</span>, University of Illinois Press, 2011, pp. 23–25, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0252079269" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0252079269">978-0252079269</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) John Sobol, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9780920159897/Digitopia-Blues-Race-Technology-American-0920159893/plp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Digitopia Blues: Race, Technology, and the American Voice</span></a>, Banff Centre Press, US, 2002, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780920159897" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780920159897">9780920159897</a>. <small>URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) All About Jazz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allaboutjazz.com/david-amram-poetry-and-all-that-jazz-david-amram-by-david-amram/"><span style="font-style:italic;">David Amram: Poetry and All That Jazz article @ All About Jazz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">All About Jazz</span>, 20 febbraio 2003. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beatmuseum.org/kaufman/bobkaufman.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bob Kaufman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">beatmuseum.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Allen (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Biographical Notes: Kenneth Koch</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The New American Poetry</span>, New York, <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>, 1960, p. 440, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0394172256" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0394172256">0394172256</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/263411449">263411449</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation video" style="font-style:normal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Filmato audio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/35mm_film_frames.svg/16px-35mm_film_frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/35mm_film_frames.svg/24px-35mm_film_frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/35mm_film_frames.svg/32px-35mm_film_frames.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="427" /></span></span> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) David Murray, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RovS8ZktjE"><span style="font-style:italic;">Evidence</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></span>, 4 agosto 2022. <small>URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210115440/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/baraka/bio.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Amiri Baraka: Biography and Historical Context</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">english.uiuc.edu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/baraka/bio.htm">url originale</abbr> il 10 dicembre 2008)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_poetry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/jazz-poetry"><span style="font-style:italic;">jazz poetry</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6168405#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) John Sobol, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062212/https://youareyourmedia.org/the-book-2/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Digitopia Blues – Race, Technology and the American Voice</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">youareyourmedia.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://youareyourmedia.org/the-book-2">url originale</abbr> il 10 febbraio 2018)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Geoff Page, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cordite.org.au/essays/poetry-and-jazz/"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Interlocutors: Poetry and Jazz in Collaboration</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Cordite Poetry Review</i><span></span></span>, 31 ottobre 2012. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanpoems.com/poets/Langston-Hughes/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Selected works by Langston Hughes (1902 - 1967) - American Poems and Biography</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">americanpoems.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) All About Jazz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allaboutjazz.com/articles/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Jazz Articles - Jazz Poetry</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">All About Jazz</span>, 13 novembre 2022. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jazzhistorydatabase.com/index.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Jazz History Database - Worldwide Historical Jazz Archives</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">jazzhistorydatabase.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) David Murray, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyK4QjFHMi6mUt0hAB51zQA"><span style="font-style:italic;">David Murray (tema) - YouTube</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">youtube.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2024</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Jazz"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Argomenti generali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Il jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_(parola)" title="Jazz (parola)">Jazz (parola)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_band" title="Jazz band">Jazz band</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Improvvisazione_(musica)" title="Improvvisazione (musica)">Improvvisazione</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Improvvisazione_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Improvvisazione jazz">Improvvisazione jazz</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">Jam session</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scat" title="Scat">Canto Scat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Swing_(musica)" title="Swing (musica)">Swing performance</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Basso_jazz" title="Basso jazz">Basso jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chitarra_jazz" title="Chitarra jazz">Chitarra jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Corno_francese_nel_jazz" title="Corno francese nel jazz">Corno francese nel jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trombone_jazz" title="Trombone jazz">Trombone jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_violino" title="Jazz violino">Jazz violino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_vocale" title="Jazz vocale">Jazz vocale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Donne_nel_jazz" title="Donne nel jazz">Donne nel jazz</a></td><td rowspan="12" class="navbox_image"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jazzstubartwork.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/90px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/135px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/180px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="89" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Genere_musicale" title="Genere musicale">Generi</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_d%27avanguardia" title="Jazz d'avanguardia">Jazz d'avanguardia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">Hard bop</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">Neo-bop</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">Post-bop</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_da_camera" title="Jazz da camera">Jazz da camera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dixieland_(musica)" title="Dixieland (musica)">Dixieland</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_flamenco" title="Nuevo flamenco">Nuevo flamenco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Improvvisazione_libera" title="Improvvisazione libera">Free improvisation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_manouche" title="Jazz manouche">Gypsy jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(genere_musicale)" title="Fusion (genere musicale)">Fusion</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jazz_afrocubano" title="Jazz afrocubano">Jazz afrocubano</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_modale" title="Jazz modale">Jazz modale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_sinfonico" title="Jazz sinfonico">Jazz sinfonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trio_d%27organo" title="Trio d'organo">Trio d'organo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scat" title="Scat">Scat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ska_jazz" title="Ska jazz">Ska jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">Soul jazz</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stride_piano" title="Stride piano">Stride</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Swing" title="Swing">Swing</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Third_Stream" title="Third Stream">Third Stream</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_tradizionale" title="Jazz tradizionale">Jazz tradizionale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Jazz" title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast Jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Sottogeneri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_spirituale" title="Jazz spirituale">Jazz spirituale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Crossover_jazz" title="Crossover jazz">Crossover jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_brasiliano" title="Jazz brasiliano">Jazz brasiliano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_jazz" title="New Orleans jazz">New Orleans jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pop-jazz" title="Pop-jazz">Pop-jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Generi derivati</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">Electric blues</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">Funk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rap</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Casa_discografica" title="Casa discografica">Case discografiche</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/ACT_Music" title="ACT Music">ACT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Argo_Records_(etichetta_discografica_statunitense)" title="Argo Records (etichetta discografica statunitense)">Argo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Auand_Records" title="Auand Records">Auand</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Biograph_Records" title="Biograph Records">Biograph</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Records_(etichetta_discografica_statunitense)" title="Black Swan Records (etichetta discografica statunitense)">Black Swan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BYG_Records" title="BYG Records">BYG</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Candid_Records" title="Candid Records">Candid</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chiaroscuro_Records" title="Chiaroscuro Records">Chiaroscuro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Records" title="Commodore Records">Commodore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chronological_Classics" title="Chronological Classics">Chronological</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coral_Records" title="Coral Records">Coral</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Denon_Records" title="Denon Records">Denon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Derby_Records" title="Derby Records">Derby</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dial_Records" title="Dial Records">Dial</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Document_Records" title="Document Records">Document</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/El_Saturn_Records" title="El Saturn Records">El Saturn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ESP-Disk" title="ESP-Disk">ESP-Disk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse!</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_Records" title="Inner City Records">Inner City</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/JMT_Records" title="JMT Records">JMT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mack_Avenue_Records" title="Mack Avenue Records">Mack Avenue</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mapleshade_Records" title="Mapleshade Records">Mapleshade</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Milestone_Records" title="Milestone Records">Milestone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Discografia_della_Milestone_Records" title="Discografia della Milestone Records"><i>Discografia</i></a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muse_Records" title="Muse Records">Muse</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Norgran_Records" title="Norgran Records">Norgran</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Okeh_Records" title="Okeh Records">Okeh</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ogun_Records" title="Ogun Records">Ogun</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palcoscenico_Records" title="Palcoscenico Records">Palcoscenico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Red_Records" title="Red Records">Red</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Remington_Records" title="Remington Records">Renington</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records" title="Riverside Records">Riverside</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rune_Grammofon" title="Rune Grammofon">Rune Grammofon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Records" title="Savoy Records">Savoy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scepter_Records" title="Scepter Records">Scepter</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stax_Records" title="Stax Records">Stax</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/SteepleChase_Records" title="SteepleChase Records">SteepleChase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vocalion_Records" title="Vocalion Records">Vocalion</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Volt_Records" title="Volt Records">Volt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vroommm_records" title="Vroommm records">Vroommm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Winter_%26_Winter" title="Winter & Winter">Winter & Winter</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_Records" title="Yazoo Records">Yazoo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Strumento_musicale" title="Strumento musicale">Strumenti</a> del jazz</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Basso_elettrico" title="Basso elettrico">Basso elettrico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">Pianoforte</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Batteria_(strumento_musicale)" title="Batteria (strumento musicale)">Batteria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto" title="Clarinetto">Clarinetto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flauto_da_concerto" title="Flauto da concerto">Flauto da concerto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sassofono" title="Sassofono">Sassofono</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">Tromba</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cornetta" title="Cornetta">Cornetta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tuba (strumento musicale)">Tuba</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chitarra" title="Chitarra">Chitarra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Violino" title="Violino">Violino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">Contrabbasso</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organo_Hammond" title="Organo Hammond">Organo Hammond</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strumento_a_percussione" title="Strumento a percussione">Percussioni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vibrafono" title="Vibrafono">Vibrafono</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Canto" title="Canto">Voce</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frontman" title="Frontman">Vocalist</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Festival jazz</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Appleby_Jazz_Festival" title="Appleby Jazz Festival">Appleby</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festival_di_Amougies" title="Festival di Amougies">Amougies</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/JazzFest_Berlin" title="JazzFest Berlin">Berlino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Cape Town International Jazz Festival">Cape Town</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Guitar_Festival" title="Crossroads Guitar Festival">Crossroads Guitar Festival</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Etno_Funky_Festival" title="Jazz Etno Funky Festival">Jazz Etno Funky Festival</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Java_Jazz_Festival" title="Java Jazz Festival">Giacarta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_%C3%A0_Juan" title="Jazz à Juan">Jazz à Juan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leopolis_Jazz_Fest" title="Leopolis Jazz Fest">Leopoli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/London_Jazz_Festival" title="London Jazz Festival">Londra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nice_Jazz_Festival" title="Nice Jazz Festival">Nizza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festival_Internazionale_del_Jazz_di_Praga" title="Festival Internazionale del Jazz di Praga">Praga</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_Jazz_and_Arts_Festival" title="Saint Lucia Jazz and Arts Festival">Saint Lucia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Festival_Internazionale_del_Jazz_di_Sanremo" title="Festival Internazionale del Jazz di Sanremo">Festival Internazionale del Jazz di Sanremo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Jazz_Festival" title="Stockholm Jazz Festival">Stoccolma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Taphros_Jazz_Festival" title="Taphros Jazz Festival">Taphros</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Jazz_Festival" title="Toronto Jazz Festival">Toronto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Vancouver International Jazz Festival">Vancouver</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/TD_Winnipeg_International_Jazz_Festival" title="TD Winnipeg International Jazz Festival">Winnipeg</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Cultura</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Funerale_jazz" title="Funerale jazz">Funerale jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jazz poetry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Armonia_jazz" title="Armonia jazz">Teoria del jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Second_line" title="Second line">Second line</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Scene regionali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Africano</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_etiope" title="Jazz etiope">Etiope</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_del_Malawi" title="Jazz del Malawi">Malawiano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">Sudafricano</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Jazz" title="Zimbabwean Jazz">Zimbabwe</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Asiatico</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_armeno" title="Jazz armeno">Armeno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_azero" title="Jazz azero">Jazz azero</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indiano</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indo_jazz" title="Indo jazz">Indo jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sitar_nel_jazz" title="Sitar nel jazz">Sitar</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_iraniano" title="Jazz iraniano">Iraniano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_giapponese" title="Jazz giapponese">Giapponese</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Europeo</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_balcanico" title="Jazz balcanico">Balcanico</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jazz_bulgaro" title="Jazz bulgaro">Bulgaro</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_belga" title="Jazz belga">Belga</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_britannico" title="Jazz britannico">Britannico</a><b> ·</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_continentale" title="Jazz continentale">Continental European</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Cecoslovacchia" title="Jazz in Cecoslovacchia">Cecoslovacco</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_danese" title="Jazz danese">Danese</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_olandese" title="Jazz olandese">Paesi Bassi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz_europeo" title="Free jazz europeo">Free jazz europeo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_francese" title="Jazz francese">Francese</a><b> ·</b> <a 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title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span class="nowrap">Nord Americano</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_canadese" title="Jazz canadese">Canadese</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_haitiano" title="Jazz haitiano">Haitiano (mini-jazz)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jazz_afrocubano" title="Jazz afrocubano">Jazz afrocubano</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><span class="nowrap">Sudamericano</span></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_brasiliano" title="Jazz brasiliano">Brasiliano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_samba" title="Jazz samba">Jazz samba</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Dell'Oceania</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_australiano" title="Jazz australiano">Australiano</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Mondiale</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" 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