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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Concejo abierto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consell_obert" title="Consell obert – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consell obert" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concejo_abierto" title="Concejo abierto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Concejo abierto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concelho_aberto" title="Concelho aberto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Concelho aberto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Institution charged with local government and administration in Spain</div> <p>The <b>concejo abierto</b> (literally: "open council") is a system of government and administration of some very small <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Spanish municipalities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minor_local_entity" title="Minor local entity">sub-municipal territorial units</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the system allows for the existence of a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> and a <i>consejo</i> (English: <span lang="en">council</span>) or <i>asamblea vecinal</i> (English: <span lang="en">neighbourhood assembly</span>) formed by all the electors of the municipality. In contrast, the conventional system used by most municipalities is the <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">ayuntamiento</a>, often translated as city, town or municipal council in English, comprised (in its most basic form) of the local councillors who form the plenary (elected in a <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a> voting), and the Mayor, elected in turn by the councillors among themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987213–214_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987213–214-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concejo_abierto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of the system trace back to the Middle Ages, as a custom primarily originated in the Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, although it also extended to other territories as well, chiefly in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987199–200_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987199–200-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many settlements, the concejo abierto was replaced by the "<i><a href="/wiki/Regimiento" title="Regimiento">regimiento</a></i>" system (also called <i>consejo cerrado</i>, "close council"), in which a decision-making body of limited size formed by <i>judges</i> or <i>alcaldes</i> as well as a number of <i>regidores</i> appointed by the King was contemplated; in the case of Castile, this process chiefly took place between 1345 and the later years of the rule of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonsalvo_Antón1990359–360_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonsalvo_Antón1990359–360-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contemporary form of the concejo abierto is recognised in the <a href="/wiki/1978_Spanish_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 Spanish Constitution">1978 Spanish Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_140_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_140-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987201_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987201-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concejo_abierto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Spain" title="Local government in Spain">Local government in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concejo_abierto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987202_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosculluela_Montaner1987">Cosculluela Montaner 1987</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987213–214-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987213–214_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosculluela_Montaner1987">Cosculluela Montaner 1987</a>, pp. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987199–200-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987199–200_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosculluela_Montaner1987">Cosculluela Montaner 1987</a>, pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonsalvo_Antón1990359–360-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonsalvo_Antón1990359–360_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonsalvo_Antón1990">Monsalvo Antón 1990</a>, pp. 359–360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_140-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_140_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987201-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECosculluela_Montaner1987201_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosculluela_Montaner1987">Cosculluela Montaner 1987</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concejo_abierto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCosculluela_Montaner1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cosculluela Montaner, Luis (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistasonline.inap.es/index.php?journal=REALA&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=8500&path%5B%5D=8549">"El Concejo Abierto"</a> [The Open Council]. <i>Reala. Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica</i> (in Spanish) (234). Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública: <span class="nowrap">199–</span>224. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1989-8975">1989-8975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reala.+Revista+de+Estudios+de+la+Administraci%C3%B3n+Local+y+Auton%C3%B3mica&rft.atitle=El+Concejo+Abierto&rft.issue=234&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E199-%3C%2Fspan%3E224&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=1989-8975&rft.aulast=Cosculluela+Montaner&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistasonline.inap.es%2Findex.php%3Fjournal%3DREALA%26page%3Darticle%26op%3Dview%26path%255B%255D%3D8500%26path%255B%255D%3D8549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcejo+abierto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMonsalvo_Antón1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Monsalvo Antón, José María (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diarium.usal.es/monsalvo/files/2012/07/Sociedad-pol%C3%ADtica-concejil-en-los-concejos-castellanos.pdf">"La sociedad política en los concejos castellanos de la Meseta durante la época del Regimiento medieval. La distribución social del poder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Concejos y ciudades en la Edad Media hispánica (II Congreso de la Fundación Sánchez-Albornoz, León, 1989)</i> [<i>Councils and cities in the Spanish middle ages</i>] (in Spanish). pp. <span class="nowrap">359–</span>413.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+sociedad+pol%C3%ADtica+en+los+concejos+castellanos+de+la+Meseta+durante+la+%C3%A9poca+del+Regimiento+medieval.+La+distribuci%C3%B3n+social+del+poder&rft.btitle=Concejos+y+ciudades+en+la+Edad+Media+hisp%C3%A1nica+%28II+Congreso+de+la+Fundaci%C3%B3n+S%C3%A1nchez-Albornoz%2C+Le%C3%B3n%2C+1989%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E359-%3C%2Fspan%3E413&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Monsalvo+Ant%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiarium.usal.es%2Fmonsalvo%2Ffiles%2F2012%2F07%2FSociedad-pol%25C3%25ADtica-concejil-en-los-concejos-castellanos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcejo+abierto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionINGLES.pdf">"The Spanish Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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