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rule</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mixing rule"> <meta name="keywords" content="mixing rule"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mixing rule"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1595</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mixing rule</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1505</span> Mixing Enhancement with 3D Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns Induced by Trapezoidal Triangular Structure Micromixer Using Different Mixing Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Yimam%20%20Ali">Ayalew Yimam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The T-shaped microchannel is used to mix both miscible or immiscible fluids with different viscosities. However, mixing at the entrance of the T-junction microchannel can be difficult mixing phenomena due to micro-scale laminar flow aspects with the two miscible high-viscosity water-glycerol fluids. One of the most promising methods to improve mixing performance and diffusion mass transfer in laminar flow phenomena is acoustic streaming (AS), which is a time-averaged, second-order steady streaming that can produce rolling motion in the microchannel by oscillating a low-frequency range acoustic transducer and inducing an acoustic wave in the flow field. The newly developed 3D trapezoidal, triangular structure spine used in this study was created using sophisticated CNC machine cutting tools used to create microchannel mold with a 3D trapezoidal triangular structure spine alone the T-junction longitudinal mixing region. In order to create the molds for the 3D trapezoidal structure with the 3D sharp edge tip angles of 30° and 0.3mm trapezoidal, triangular sharp edge tip depth from PMMA glass (Polymethylmethacrylate) with advanced CNC machine and the channel manufactured using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) which is grown up longitudinally on the top surface of the Y-junction microchannel using soft lithography nanofabrication strategies. Flow visualization of 3D rolling steady acoustic streaming and mixing enhancement with high-viscosity miscible fluids with different trapezoidal, triangular structure longitudinal length, channel width, high volume flow rate, oscillation frequency, and amplitude using micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) techniques were used to study the 3D acoustic streaming flow patterns and mixing enhancement. The streaming velocity fields and vorticity flow fields show 16 times more high vorticity maps than in the absence of acoustic streaming, and mixing performance has been evaluated at various amplitudes, flow rates, and frequencies using the grayscale value of pixel intensity with MATLAB software. Mixing experiments were performed using fluorescent green dye solution with de-ionized water in one inlet side of the channel, and the de-ionized water-glycerol mixture on the other inlet side of the T-channel and degree of mixing was found to have greatly improved from 67.42% without acoustic streaming to 0.96.83% with acoustic streaming. The results show that the creation of a new 3D steady streaming rolling motion with a high volume flowrate around the entrance was enhanced by the formation of a new, three-dimensional, intense streaming rolling motion with a high-volume flowrate around the entrance junction mixing zone with the two miscible high-viscous fluids which are influenced by laminar flow fluid transport phenomena. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20fabrication" title="micro fabrication">micro fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20acoustic%20streaming%20flow%20visualization" title=" 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization"> 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-particle%20image%20velocimetry" title=" micro-particle image velocimetry"> micro-particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20enhancement." title=" mixing enhancement."> mixing enhancement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190156/mixing-enhancement-with-3d-acoustic-streaming-flow-patterns-induced-by-trapezoidal-triangular-structure-micromixer-using-different-mixing-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1504</span> Co-Precipitation Method for the Fabrication of Charge-Transfer Molecular Crystal Nanocapsules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabih%20Al-Kaysi">Rabih Al-Kaysi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When quasi-stable solutions of 9-methylanthracene (pi-electron donor, 0.0005 M) and 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene (pi-electron acceptor, 0.0005 M) in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 0.025 M) were gently mixed, uniform-shaped rectangular charge-transfer nanocrystals precipitated out. These red colored charge-transfer (CT) crystals were composed of a 1:1-mole ratio of acceptor/ donor and are highly insoluble in water/SDS solution. The rectangular crystals morphology is semi hollow with symmetrical twin pockets reminiscent of nanocapsules. For a typical crop of nanocapsules, the dimensions are 21 x 6 x 0.5 microns with an approximate hollow volume of 1.5 x 105 nm3. By varying the concentration of aqueous SDS, mixing duration and incubation temperature, we can control the size and volume of the nanocapsules. The initial number of CT seed nanoparticles, formed by mixing the D and A solutions, determined the number and dimensions of the obtained nanocapsules formed after several hours of incubation under still conditions. Prolonged mixing of the donor and acceptor solutions resulted in plenty of initial seeds hence smaller nanocapsules. Short mixing times yields less seed formation and larger micron-sized capsules. The addition of Doxorubicin in situ with the quasi-stable solutions while mixing leads to the formation of CT nanocapsules with Doxorubicin sealed inside. The Doxorubicin can be liberated from the nanocapsules by cracking them using ultrasonication. This method can be extended to other binary CT complex crystals as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge-transfer" title="charge-transfer">charge-transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocapsules" title=" nanocapsules"> nanocapsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystals" title=" nanocrystals"> nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doxorubicin" title=" doxorubicin"> doxorubicin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70802/co-precipitation-method-for-the-fabrication-of-charge-transfer-molecular-crystal-nanocapsules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1503</span> Simulation of the Extensional Flow Mixing of Molten Aluminium and Fly Ash Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Ualibek">O. Ualibek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Spitas"> C. Spitas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Inglezakis"> V. Inglezakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Itskos"> G. Itskos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents simulations of an aluminium melt containing an initially non-dispersed fly ash nanoparticle phase. Mixing is affected predominantly by means of forced extensional flow via either straight or slanted orifices. The sensitivity to various process parameters is determined. The simulated process is used for the production of cast fly ash-aluminium nanocomposites. The possibilities for rod and plate stock grading in the context of a continuous casting process implementation are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composites" title="metal matrix composites">metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash%20nanoparticles" title=" fly ash nanoparticles"> fly ash nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%202024" title=" aluminium 2024"> aluminium 2024</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agglomeration" title=" agglomeration"> agglomeration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62286/simulation-of-the-extensional-flow-mixing-of-molten-aluminium-and-fly-ash-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1502</span> Achieving Better Security by Using Nonlinear Cellular Automata as a Cryptographic Primitive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Maiti">Swapan Maiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipanwita%20Roy%20Chowdhury"> Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear functions are essential in different cryptoprimitives as they play an important role on the security of the cipher designs. Rule 30 was identified as a powerful nonlinear function for cryptographic applications. However, an attack (MS attack) was mounted against Rule 30 Cellular Automata (CA). Nonlinear rules as well as maximum period CA increase randomness property. In this work, nonlinear rules of maximum period nonlinear hybrid CA (M-NHCA) are studied and it is shown to be a better crypto-primitive than Rule 30 CA. It has also been analysed that the M-NHCA with single nonlinearity injection proposed in the literature is vulnerable against MS attack, whereas M-NHCA with multiple nonlinearity injections provide maximum length cycle as well as better cryptographic primitives and they are also secure against MS attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20period%20nonlinear%20CA" title=" maximum period nonlinear CA"> maximum period nonlinear CA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meier%20and%20Staffelbach%20attack" title=" Meier and Staffelbach attack"> Meier and Staffelbach attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20functions" title=" nonlinear functions"> nonlinear functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864/achieving-better-security-by-using-nonlinear-cellular-automata-as-a-cryptographic-primitive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1501</span> Impact of Environmental Rule of Law towards Positive Environmental Outcomes in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20N.%20Okeke">Kate N. Okeke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-growing needs of man requiring satisfaction have pushed him strongly towards industrialization which has and is still leaving environmental degradation and its attendant negative impacts in its wake. It is, therefore, not surprising that the enjoyment of fundamental rights like food supply, security of lives and property, freedom of worship, health and education have been drastically affected by such degradation. In recognition of the imperative need to protect the environment and human rights, many global instruments and constitutions have recognized the right to a healthy and sustainable environment. Some environmental advocates and quite a number of literatures on the subject matter call for the recognition of environmental rights via rule of law as a vital means of achieving positive outcomes on the subject matter. However, although there are numerous countries with constitutional environmental provisions, most of them such as Nigeria, have shown poor environmental performance. A notable problem is the fact that the constitution which recognizes environmental rights appears in its other provisions to contradict its provisions by making enforceability of the environmental rights unattainable. While adopting a descriptive, analytical, comparative and explanatory study design in reviewing a successful positive environmental outcome via the rule of law, this article argues that rule of law on a balance of scale, weighs more than just environmental rights recognition and therefore should receive more attention by environmental lawyers and advocates. This is because with rule of law, members of a society are sure of getting the most out of the environmental rights existing in their legal system. Members of Niger-Delta communities of Nigeria will benefit from the environmental rights existing in Nigeria. They are exposed to environmental degradation and pollution with effects such as acidic rainfall, pollution of farmlands and clean water sources. These and many more are consequences of oil and gas exploration. It will also pave way for solving the violence between cattle herdsmen and farmers in the Middle Belt and other regions of Nigeria. Their clashes are over natural resource control. Having seen that environmental rule of law is vital to sustainable development, this paper aims to contribute to discussions on how best the vehicle of rule law can be driven towards achieving positive environmental outcomes. This will be in reliance on other enforceable provisions in the Nigerian Constitution. Other domesticated international instruments will also be considered to attain sustainable environment and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20of%20law" title=" rule of law"> rule of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title=" constitution"> constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92897/impact-of-environmental-rule-of-law-towards-positive-environmental-outcomes-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1500</span> A Numerical Study for Mixing Depth and Applicability of Partial Cement Mixing Method Utilizing Geogrid and Fixing Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo-seok%20Choi">Woo-seok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun-sup%20Kim"> Eun-sup Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam-Seo%20Park"> Nam-Seo Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for new technique in soft ground improvement continuously increases as general soft ground methods like PBD and DCM have a application problem in soft grounds with deep depth and wide distribution in Southern coast of Korea and Southeast. In this study, partial cement mixing method utilizing geogrid and fixing unit(CMG) is suggested and Finite element analysis is performed for analyzing the depth of surface soil and deep soil stabilization and comparing with DCM method. In the result of the experiment, the displacement in DCM method were lower than the displacement in CMG, it's because the upper load is transferred to deep part soil not treated by cement in CMG method case. The differential settlement in DCM method was higher than the differential settlement in CMG, because of the effect load transfer effect by surface part soil treated by cement and geogrid. In conclusion, CMG method has the advantage of economics and constructability in embankment road, railway, etc in which differential settlement is the important consideration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20ground" title="soft ground">soft ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geogrid" title=" geogrid"> geogrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixing%20unit" title=" fixing unit"> fixing unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20cement%20mixing" title=" partial cement mixing"> partial cement mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37841/a-numerical-study-for-mixing-depth-and-applicability-of-partial-cement-mixing-method-utilizing-geogrid-and-fixing-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1499</span> A Predictive Model for Turbulence Evolution and Mixing Using Machine Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhang%20Wang">Yuhang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorg%20Schluter"> Jorg Schluter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergiy%20Shelyag"> Sergiy Shelyag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high cost associated with high-resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the main challenges that inhibit the design, development, and optimisation of new combustion systems adapted for renewable fuels. In this study, we propose a physics-guided CNN-based model to predict turbulence evolution and mixing without requiring a traditional CFD solver. The model architecture is built upon U-Net and the inception module, while a physics-guided loss function is designed by introducing two additional physical constraints to allow for the conservation of both mass and pressure over the entire predicted flow fields. Then, the model is trained on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results of a natural turbulent mixing layer with two different Reynolds number cases (Re = 3000 and 30000). As a result, the model prediction shows an excellent agreement with the corresponding CFD solutions in terms of both spatial distributions and temporal evolution of turbulent mixing. Such promising model prediction performance opens up the possibilities of doing accurate high-resolution manifold-based combustion simulations at a low computational cost for accelerating the iterative design process of new combustion systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20modelling" title=" combustion modelling"> combustion modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166399/a-predictive-model-for-turbulence-evolution-and-mixing-using-machine-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1498</span> Numerical Analysis of Fluid Mixing in Three Split and Recombine Micromixers at Different Inlets Volume Ratio </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Viktorov">Vladimir Viktorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Readul%20Mahmud"> M. Readul Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Visconte"> Carmen Visconte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical simulation were carried out to study the mixing of miscible liquid at different inlets volume ratio (1 to 3) within two existing mixers namely Chain, Tear-drop and one new “C-H” mixer. The new passive C-H micromixer is developed based on split and recombine principles, combining the operation concepts of known Chain mixer and H mixer. The mixing performances of the three micromixers were predicted by a preliminary numerical analysis of the flow patterns inside the channel in terms of the segregation or distribution of path lines. Afterward, the efficiency and the pressure drop were investigated numerically, taking into account species transport. All numerical calculations were computed at a wide range of Reynolds number from 1 to 100. Among the presented three micromixers, tear-drop provides fairly good efficiency except in the middle range of Re numbers but has high-pressure drop. In addition, inlets flow ratio has a significant influence on efficiency, especially at the Re number range of 10 to 50, Moreover maximum increase of efficiency is almost 10% when inlets flow ratio is increased by 1. Chain mixer presents relatively low mixing efficiency at low and middle range of Re numbers (5≤Re≤50) but has reasonable pressure drop. Furthermore, Chain mixer shows almost no dependence on inlets flow ratio. Whereas, C-H mixer poses excellent mixing efficiency (more than 93%) for all range of Re numbers and causes the lowest pressure drop, On top of that efficiency has slight dependency on inlets flow ratio. In addition, C-H mixer shows respectively about three and two times lower pressure drop than Tear-drop and Chain mixers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromixing" title=" micromixing"> micromixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20micromixer" title=" passive micromixer"> passive micromixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR" title=" SAR"> SAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25288/numerical-analysis-of-fluid-mixing-in-three-split-and-recombine-micromixers-at-different-inlets-volume-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1497</span> Arithmetic Operations in Deterministic P Systems Based on the Weak Rule Priority</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinedu%20Peter">Chinedu Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dashrath%20Singh"> Dashrath Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane computing is a computability model which abstracts its structures and functions from the biological cell. The main ingredient of membrane computing is the notion of a membrane structure, which consists of several cell-like membranes recurrently placed inside a unique skin membrane. The emergence of several variants of membrane computing gives rise to the notion of a P system. The paper presents a variant of P systems for arithmetic operations on non-negative integers based on the weak priorities for rule application. Consequently, we obtain deterministic P systems. Two membranes suffice. There are at most four objects for multiplication and five objects for division throughout the computation processes. The model is simple and has a potential for possible extension to non-negative integers and real numbers in general. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%20system" title="P system">P system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20operation" title=" binary operation"> binary operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determinism" title=" determinism"> determinism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak%20rule%20priority" title=" weak rule priority"> weak rule priority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34826/arithmetic-operations-in-deterministic-p-systems-based-on-the-weak-rule-priority" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1496</span> Flow Visualization and Mixing Enhancement in Y-Junction Microchannel with 3D Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns Induced by Trapezoidal Triangular Structure using High-Viscous Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Yimam%20Ali">Ayalew Yimam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Y-shaped microchannel is used to mix both miscible or immiscible fluids with different viscosities. However, mixing at the entrance of the Y-junction microchannel can be a difficult mixing phenomena due to micro-scale laminar flow aspects with the two miscible high-viscosity water-glycerol fluids. One of the most promising methods to improve mixing performance and diffusion mass transfer in laminar flow phenomena is acoustic streaming (AS), which is a time-averaged, second-order steady streaming that can produce rolling motion in the microchannel by oscillating a low-frequency range acoustic transducer and inducing an acoustic wave in the flow field. The developed 3D trapezoidal, triangular structure spine used in this study was created using sophisticated CNC machine cutting tools used to create microchannel mold with a 3D trapezoidal triangular structure spine alone the Y-junction longitudinal mixing region. In order to create the molds for the 3D trapezoidal structure with the 3D sharp edge tip angles of 30° and 0.3mm trapezoidal triangular sharp edge tip depth from PMMA glass (Polymethylmethacrylate) with advanced CNC machine and the channel manufactured using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) which is grown up longitudinally on top surface of the Y-junction microchannel using soft lithography nanofabrication strategies. Flow visualization of 3D rolling steady acoustic streaming and mixing enhancement with high-viscosity miscible fluids with different trapezoidal, triangular structure longitudinal length, channel width, high volume flow rate, oscillation frequency, and amplitude using micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) techniques were used to study the 3D acoustic streaming flow patterns and mixing enhancement. The streaming velocity fields and vorticity flow fields show 16 times more high vorticity maps than in the absence of acoustic streaming, and mixing performance has been evaluated at various amplitudes, flow rates, and frequencies using the grayscale value of pixel intensity with MATLAB software. Mixing experiments were performed using fluorescent green dye solution with de-ionized water in one inlet side of the channel, and the de-ionized water-glycerol mixture on the other inlet side of the Y-channel and degree of mixing was found to have greatly improved from 67.42% without acoustic streaming to 0.96.83% with acoustic streaming. The results show that the creation of a new 3D steady streaming rolling motion with a high volume flowrate around the entrance was enhanced by the formation of a new, three-dimensional, intense streaming rolling motion with a high-volume flowrate around the entrance junction mixing zone with the two miscible high-viscous fluids which are influenced by laminar flow fluid transport phenomena. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20fabrication" title="micro fabrication">micro fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20acoustic%20streaming%20flow%20visualization" title=" 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization"> 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-particle%20image%20velocimetry" title=" micro-particle image velocimetry"> micro-particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20enhancement" title=" mixing enhancement"> mixing enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190153/flow-visualization-and-mixing-enhancement-in-y-junction-microchannel-with-3d-acoustic-streaming-flow-patterns-induced-by-trapezoidal-triangular-structure-using-high-viscous-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1495</span> Two Steady States and Two Movement Patterns under the Balanced Budget Rule: An Economy with Divisible Labor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fujio%20Takata">Fujio Takata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When governments levy taxes on labor income on the basis of a balanced budget rule, two steady states in an economy exist, of which one can cause two movement patterns, namely, indeterminacy paths and a saddle path. However, in this paper, we assume an economy with divisible labor, in which labor adjustment is made by an intensive margin. We demonstrate that there indeed exist the two paths in the economy and that there exists a critical condition dividing them. This is proved by establishing the relationship between a finite elasticity of labor with regard to real wages and the share of capital in output. Consequently, we deduce the existence of an upper limit in the share of capital in output for indeterminacy to occur. The largest possible value of that share is less than 0.5698. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20budget%20rule" title="balanced budget rule">balanced budget rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divisible%20labor" title=" divisible labor"> divisible labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20income%20taxation" title=" labor income taxation"> labor income taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20movement%20patterns" title=" two movement patterns"> two movement patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134178/two-steady-states-and-two-movement-patterns-under-the-balanced-budget-rule-an-economy-with-divisible-labor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1494</span> Flow Visualization and Mixing Enhancement in Y-Junction Microchannel with 3D Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns Induced by Trapezoidal Triangular Structure using High-Viscous Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Yimam%20Ali">Ayalew Yimam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Y-shaped microchannel system is used to mix up low or high viscosities of different fluids, and the laminar flow with high-viscous water-glycerol fluids makes the mixing at the entrance Y-junction region a challenging issue. Acoustic streaming (AS) is time-average, a steady second-order flow phenomenon that could produce rolling motion in the microchannel by oscillating low-frequency range acoustic transducer by inducing acoustic wave in the flow field is the promising strategy to enhance diffusion mass transfer and mixing performance in laminar flow phenomena. In this study, the 3D trapezoidal Structure has been manufactured with advanced CNC machine cutting tools to produce the molds of trapezoidal structure with the 3D sharp edge tip angles of 30° and 0.3mm spine sharp-edge tip depth from PMMA glass (Polymethylmethacrylate) and the microchannel has been fabricated using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) which could be grown-up longitudinally in Y-junction microchannel mixing region top surface to visualized 3D rolling steady acoustic streaming and mixing performance evaluation using high-viscous miscible fluids. The 3D acoustic streaming flow patterns and mixing enhancement were investigated using the micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) technique with different spine depth lengths, channel widths, high volume flow rates, oscillation frequencies, and amplitude. The velocity and vorticity flow fields show that a pair of 3D counter-rotating streaming vortices were created around the trapezoidal spine structure and observing high vorticity maps up to 8 times more than the case without acoustic streaming in Y-junction with the high-viscosity water-glycerol mixture fluids. The mixing experiments were performed by using fluorescent green dye solution with de-ionized water on one inlet side, de-ionized water-glycerol with different mass-weight percentage ratios on the other inlet side of the Y-channel and evaluated its performance with the degree of mixing at different amplitudes, flow rates, frequencies, and spine sharp-tip edge angles using the grayscale value of pixel intensity with MATLAB Software. The degree of mixing (M) characterized was found to significantly improved to 0.96.8% with acoustic streaming from 67.42% without acoustic streaming, in the case of 0.0986 μl/min flow rate, 12kHz frequency and 40V oscillation amplitude at y = 2.26 mm. The results suggested the creation of a new 3D steady streaming rolling motion with a high volume flow rate around the entrance junction mixing region, which promotes the mixing of two similar high-viscosity fluids inside the microchannel, which is unable to mix by the laminar flow with low viscous conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fabrication" title="nano fabrication">nano fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20acoustic%20streaming%20flow%20visualization" title=" 3D acoustic streaming flow visualization"> 3D acoustic streaming flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-particle%20image%20velocimetry" title=" micro-particle image velocimetry"> micro-particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20enhancement" title=" mixing enhancement"> mixing enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188950/flow-visualization-and-mixing-enhancement-in-y-junction-microchannel-with-3d-acoustic-streaming-flow-patterns-induced-by-trapezoidal-triangular-structure-using-high-viscous-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1493</span> Study of the ZnO Effect on the Properties of HDPE/ ZnO Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Benabid">F. Z. Benabid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Zouai"> F. Zouai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kharchi"> N. Kharchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benachour"> D. Benachour </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A HDPE/ZnO nano composites have been successfully performed using the co-mixing. The ZnO was first co-mixed with the stearic acid then added to the polymer in the plastograph. The nano composites prepared with the co-mixed ZnO were compared to those prepared with the neat TiO2. The nano composites were characterized by different techniques as the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The micro and nano structure/properties relationships were investigated. The present study allowed establishing good correlations between the different measured properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exfoliation" title="exfoliation">exfoliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20composites" title=" nano composites"> nano composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDPE" title=" HDPE"> HDPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-mixing" title=" co-mixing "> co-mixing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27220/study-of-the-zno-effect-on-the-properties-of-hdpe-zno-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1492</span> Impact of Early Father Involvement on Middle Childhood Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamel%20Slaughter">Jamel Slaughter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Father involvement across the development of a child has been linked to children’s psychological adjustment, fewer behavioral problems, and higher educational attainment. Conversely, there is much less research that highlights father involvement in relation to childhood development during early childhood period prior to preschool age (ages 1-3 years). Most research on fathers and child outcomes have been limited by its focus on the stages of adolescence, middle childhood, and infancy. This study examined the influence of father involvement, during the toddler stage, on 5th grade cognitive development, rule-breaking, and behavior outcomes measured by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores. Using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation (EHSRE) Study, 1996-2010: United States, a total of 3,001 children and families were identified in 17 sites (cities), representing a diverse demographic sample. An independent samples t-test was run to compare cognitive development, aggressive, and rule-breaking behavior mean scores among children who had early continuous father involvement for the first 14 – 36 months to children who did not have early continuous father involvement for the first 14 – 36 months. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine if continuous, or non-continuous father involvement (14 month-36 months), can be used to predict outcome scores on the Child Behavior Checklist in aggressive behavior, rule-breaking behavior, and cognitive development, at 5th grade. A statistically significant mean difference in cognitive development scores were found for children who had continuous father involvement (M=1.92, SD=2.41, t (1009) =2.81, p =.005, 95% CI=.146 to .828) compared to those who did not (M=2.60, SD=3.06, t (1009) =-2.38, p=.017, 95% CI= -1.08 to -.105). There was also a statistically significant mean difference in rule-breaking behavior scores between children who had early continuous father involvement (M=1.95, SD=2.33, t (1009) = 3.69, p <.001, 95% CI= .287 to .940), compared to those that did not (M=2.87, SD=2.93, t (1009) = -3.49, p =.001, 95% CI= -1.30 to -.364). No statistically significant difference was found in aggressive behavior scores. Multiple linear regression was performed using continuous father involvement to determine which has the largest relationship to rule-breaking behavior and cognitive development based on CBCL scores. Rule-breaking behavior was found to be significant (F (2, 1008) = 8.353, p<.001), with an R2 of .016. Cognitive development was also significant (F (2, 1008) = 4.44, p=.012), with an R2 of .009. Early continuous father involvement was a significant predictor of rule-breaking behavior and cognitive development at middle childhood. Findings suggest early continuous father involvement during the first 14 – 36 months of their children’s life, may lead to lower levels of rule-breaking behaviors and thought problems at 5th grade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20development" title="cognitive development">cognitive development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20continuous%20father%20involvement" title=" early continuous father involvement"> early continuous father involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20childhood" title=" middle childhood"> middle childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule-breaking%20behavior" title=" rule-breaking behavior"> rule-breaking behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62535/impact-of-early-father-involvement-on-middle-childhood-cognitive-and-behavioral-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1491</span> Strength of Fine Concrete Used in Textile Reinforced Concrete by Changing Water-Binder Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taekyun%20Kim">Taekyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park"> Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoong%20Choi"> Jinwoong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Kyu%20Park"> Sun-Kyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the abnormal climate phenomenon has enlarged due to the global warming. As a result, temperature variation is increasing and the term is being prolonged, frequency of high and low temperature is increasing by heat wave and severe cold. Especially for reinforced concrete structure, the corrosion of reinforcement has occurred by concrete crack due to temperature change and the durability of the structure that has decreased by concrete crack. Accordingly, the textile reinforced concrete (TRC) which does not corrode due to using textile is getting the interest and the investigation of TRC is proceeding. The study of TRC structure behavior has proceeded, but the characteristic study of the concrete used in TRC is insufficient. Therefore, characteristic of the concrete by changing mixing ratio is studied in this paper. As a result, mixing ratio with different water-binder ratio has influenced to the strength of concrete. Also, as the water-binder ratio has decreased, strength of concrete has increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20ratio" title=" mixing ratio"> mixing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRC" title=" TRC"> TRC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46094/strength-of-fine-concrete-used-in-textile-reinforced-concrete-by-changing-water-binder-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1490</span> Effect of Swirling Mixer on the Exhaust Flow in a Diesel SCR Aftertreatment System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doo%20Ki%20Lee">Doo Ki Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar"> Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Jae%20Song"> In Jae Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread utilization of mixer in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system marks a remarkable advantage in diesel engines. In the automotive selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the de-NOX efficiency can be improved by highly uniform flow with effective turbulent mixing. In this paper, the exhaust pipe is complemented with the swirling mixers of three different vane angles installed at the upstream of the SCR reactor. The attributes of the mixer are established by the variation in flow behavior followed by the drawback owing to the absence of mixer. In particular, the information pertaining to the selection of proper static mixer is provided based on the correlation between the uniformity index (UI) and the pressure drop. The uniform distribution of the flow at the entrance of the SCR reactor aids to determine the configuration which gives high mixing performance and comprehend the function of the mixer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title="pressure drop">pressure drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20catalytic%20reduction" title=" selective catalytic reduction"> selective catalytic reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20mixer" title=" static mixer"> static mixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20mixing" title=" turbulent mixing"> turbulent mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformity%20index" title=" uniformity index"> uniformity index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64041/effect-of-swirling-mixer-on-the-exhaust-flow-in-a-diesel-scr-aftertreatment-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">935</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1489</span> Rule Insertion Technique for Dynamic Cell Structure Neural Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Elsarrar">Osama Elsarrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjorie%20Darrah"> Marjorie Darrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Devin"> Richard Devin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the idea of capturing an expert’s knowledge in the form of human understandable rules and then inserting these rules into a dynamic cell structure (DCS) neural network. The DCS is a form of self-organizing map that can be used for many purposes, including classification and prediction. This particular neural network is considered to be a topology preserving network that starts with no pre-structure, but assumes a structure once trained. The DCS has been used in mission and safety-critical applications, including adaptive flight control and health-monitoring in aerial vehicles. The approach is to insert expert knowledge into the DCS before training. Rules are translated into a pre-structure and then training data are presented. This idea has been demonstrated using the well-known Iris data set and it has been shown that inserting the pre-structure results in better accuracy with the same training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title="neural network">neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-organizing%20map" title=" self-organizing map"> self-organizing map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20extraction" title=" rule extraction"> rule extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20insertion" title=" rule insertion"> rule insertion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116302/rule-insertion-technique-for-dynamic-cell-structure-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1488</span> Privacy Preserving in Association Rule Mining on Horizontally Partitioned Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manvar%20Sagar">Manvar Sagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikul%20Virpariya"> Nikul Virpariya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advancement in data mining techniques plays an important role in many applications. In context of privacy and security issues, the problems caused by association rule mining technique are investigated by many research scholars. It is proved that the misuse of this technique may reveal the database owner’s sensitive and private information to others. Many researchers have put their effort to preserve privacy in Association Rule Mining. Amongst the two basic approaches for privacy preserving data mining, viz. Randomization based and Cryptography based, the later provides high level of privacy but incurs higher computational as well as communication overhead. Hence, it is necessary to explore alternative techniques that improve the over-heads. In this work, we propose an efficient, collusion-resistant cryptography based approach for distributed Association Rule mining using Shamir’s secret sharing scheme. As we show from theoretical and practical analysis, our approach is provably secure and require only one time a trusted third party. We use secret sharing for privately sharing the information and code based identification scheme to add support against malicious adversaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Privacy%20Preservation%20in%20Data%20Mining%20%28PPDM%29" title=" Privacy Preservation in Data Mining (PPDM)"> Privacy Preservation in Data Mining (PPDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontally%20partitioned%20database" title=" horizontally partitioned database"> horizontally partitioned database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMHS" title=" EMHS"> EMHS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MFI" title=" MFI"> MFI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shamir%20secret%20sharing" title=" shamir secret sharing"> shamir secret sharing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20983/privacy-preserving-in-association-rule-mining-on-horizontally-partitioned-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1487</span> Heat Capacity of a Soluble in Water Protein: Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rajabpour">A. Rajabpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadizadeh%20Kheirkhah"> A. Hadizadeh Kheirkhah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer is of great importance to biological systems in order to function properly. In the present study, specific heat capacity as one of the most important heat transfer properties is calculated for a soluble in water Lysozyme protein. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, specific heat capacities of pure water, dry lysozyme, and lysozyme-water solution are calculated at 300K for different weight fractions. It is found that MD results are in good agreement with ideal binary mixing rule at small weight fractions. Results of all simulations have been validated with experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20heat%20capacity" title="specific heat capacity">specific heat capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lysozyme%20protein" title=" lysozyme protein"> lysozyme protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73623/heat-capacity-of-a-soluble-in-water-protein-equilibrium-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1486</span> Classification Rule Discovery by Using Parallel Ant Colony Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Shahzad">Waseem Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Tahir%20Khan"> Ayesha Tahir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Hussain%20Awan"> Hamid Hussain Awan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ant-Miner algorithm that lies under ACO algorithms is used to extract knowledge from data in the form of rules. A variant of Ant-Miner algorithm named as cAnt-MinerPB is used to generate list of rules using pittsburgh approach in order to maintain the rule interaction among the rules that are generated. In this paper, we propose a parallel Ant MinerPB in which Ant colony optimization algorithm runs parallel. In this technique, a data set is divided vertically (i-e attributes) into different subsets. These subsets are created based on the correlation among attributes using Mutual Information (MI). It generates rules in a parallel manner and then merged to form a final list of rules. The results have shown that the proposed technique achieved higher accuracy when compared with original cAnt-MinerPB and also the execution time has also reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20optimization" title="ant colony optimization">ant colony optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20Ant-MinerPB" title=" parallel Ant-MinerPB"> parallel Ant-MinerPB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20partitioning" title=" vertical partitioning"> vertical partitioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20rule%20discovery" title=" classification rule discovery"> classification rule discovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43773/classification-rule-discovery-by-using-parallel-ant-colony-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1485</span> Balancing Rule of Law, Human Rights and Governance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torkan%20Jabbariraad">Torkan Jabbariraad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the role of private regulation as a mode of governance that engages non-state actors in establishing and implementing rules or standards for public goods or services. It examines the various forms, functions, and effects of private regulation on the rule of law and human rights and considers the role and duties of public authorities in monitoring and supporting private regulation. It contends that private regulation should be regarded as a beneficial supplement to public regulation rather than a substitute or rival and that public authorities should find a balance between acknowledging the independence and variety of private actors and securing their accountability and legitimacy. It also recommends that applying the principles and values of good governance to private regulation can improve its quality and efficiency. The study relies on various sources and viewpoints from the literature on governance theory, public law, and human rights and suggests further research and discussion on the topic of private regulation and its consequences for society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20regulation" title="private regulation">private regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20authority" title=" public authority"> public authority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance%20theory" title=" governance theory"> governance theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20of%20law" title=" rule of law"> rule of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185985/balancing-rule-of-law-human-rights-and-governance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1484</span> The Fallacy around Inserting Brackets to Evaluate Expressions Involving Multiplication and Division</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manduth%20Ramchander">Manduth Ramchander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluating expressions involving multiplication and division can give rise to the fallacy that brackets can be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division. The aim of this article was to draw upon mathematical theory to prove that brackets cannot be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division and in particular in expressions where division precedes multiplication. In doing so, it demonstrates that the notion that two different answers are possible, when evaluating expressions involving multiplication and division, is indeed a false one. Searches conducted in a number of scholarly databases unearthed the rules to be applied when removing brackets from expressions, which revealed that consideration needs to be given to sign changes when brackets are removed. The rule pertaining to expressions involving multiplication and division was then extended upon, in its reverse format, to prove that brackets cannot be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division. The application of the rule demonstrates that an expression involving multiplication and division can have only one correct answer. It is recommended that both the rule and its reverse be included in the curriculum, preferably at the juncture when manipulation with brackets is introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brackets" title="brackets">brackets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplications%20and%20division" title=" multiplications and division"> multiplications and division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations" title=" operations"> operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=order" title=" order"> order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132918/the-fallacy-around-inserting-brackets-to-evaluate-expressions-involving-multiplication-and-division" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1483</span> Durability of Cement Bonded Particleboards Produced from Terminalia superba and Gmelina arborea against Subterranean Termite Attack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amos%20Olajide%20Oluyege">Amos Olajide Oluyege</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Uchechukwu%20Opara"> Emmanuel Uchechukwu Opara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Adeniyi%20Adedutan"> Sunday Adeniyi Adedutan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Adeola%20%20Fuwape"> Joseph Adeola Fuwape</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to determine the durability of wood-cement particleboards when exposed to attack by subterranean termites, Macrotermes subhylinus. The boards were made from Terminalia superba and Gmelina arborea wood sawdust at nominal board densities (BD) of 1000, 900, and 800 kg/m³ using wood-cement mixing ratios (MR) of 3:1, 2.5:1, 2:1, and 1:1. Above ground durability tests against termite attack were carried out according to ASTM D 2017 for 14 weeks. Results of visual assessment of the wood cement particleboards show that all the board samples had a visual rating that was not less than 7 (i.e., moderate attack) for both species irrespective of the MR and BD. T. superba boards were found to have higher resistance to termite attack compared to their G. arborea counterparts. The mean values for weight loss following exposure ranged from 1.93 to 6.13% and 3.24 to 12.44%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results of the weight loss assessment revealed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of species and mixing ratio on the weight loss of the boards due to termite attack with F(₁,₇₂) = 92.890 and P = 0.000 and F(₃,₇₂) = 8.318 and p = 0.000, while board density did not have any significant effect (p > 0.05) with F (₂,₇₂) = 1.307 and p = 0.277. Thus, boards made from a higher mixing ratio had better resistance against termite attacks. Thus, it can be concluded that the durability of cement-bonded particleboards when exposed to subterranean termite attack is not only dependent on the quality of the wood raw material (species) but also on the enhanced protection imparted by the cement matrix; the protection increased with increase in cement/wood mixing ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement-bonded%20particleboard" title="cement-bonded particleboard">cement-bonded particleboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20ratio" title=" mixing ratio"> mixing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20density" title=" board density"> board density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gmelina%20arborea" title=" Gmelina arborea"> Gmelina arborea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terminalia%20superba" title=" Terminalia superba"> Terminalia superba</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134957/durability-of-cement-bonded-particleboards-produced-from-terminalia-superba-and-gmelina-arborea-against-subterranean-termite-attack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1482</span> An Improved Single Point Closure Model Based on Dissipation Anisotropy for Geophysical Turbulent Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Joshi">A. P. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20V.%20Warrior"> H. V. Warrior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Panda"> J. P. Panda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a continuation of the work carried out by various turbulence modelers in Oceanography on the topic of oceanic turbulent mixing. It evaluates the evolution of ocean water temperature and salinity by the appropriate modeling of turbulent mixing utilizing proper prescription of eddy viscosity. Many modelers in past have suggested including terms like shear, buoyancy and vorticity to be the parameters that decide the slow pressure strain correlation. We add to it the fact that dissipation anisotropy also modifies the correlation through eddy viscosity parameterization. This recalibrates the established correlation constants slightly and gives improved results. This anisotropization of dissipation implies that the critical Richardson’s number increases much beyond unity (to 1.66) to accommodate enhanced mixing, as is seen in reality. The model is run for a couple of test cases in the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) and the results are presented here. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anisotropy" title="Anisotropy">Anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GOTM" title=" GOTM"> GOTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure-strain%20correlation" title=" pressure-strain correlation"> pressure-strain correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20critical%20number" title=" Richardson critical number"> Richardson critical number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86660/an-improved-single-point-closure-model-based-on-dissipation-anisotropy-for-geophysical-turbulent-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1481</span> Research on the Effect of the System of General Counsel on the Efficiency of M&As in State-Owned Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mao%20Ju">Mao Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The system of general counsel (GC) is an important governance structure designed for the construction of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under the rule of law. This article is based on the setting of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and takes the efficiency of M&As to examine the implementation effect of the system of GC for SOEs. Research has found that: (1) companies implementing the system of GC for SOEs have higher efficiency in M&As, manifested in better operational and market performance, and this effect depends on the professional ability and power of the GC. This indicates that the GC of SOEs has played a positive role in the decision-making process of M&As, which helps to improve the efficiency of M&As. (2) The impact of the GC of SOEs on the efficiency of M&As is heterogeneous, and this positive effect is mainly reflected in local and commercial SOEs. (3) The path of this impact is that the GC of SOEs can help reduce ineffective M&As in advance, enhance the ability to integrate M&As after the fact and reduce the risk of goodwill impairment and bankruptcy. This article reveals the impact of the construction of SOEs under the rule of law with the system of GC as the core of M&As activities, providing intuitive evidence for the implementation effect of the GC of SOEs. The research conclusion has important practical guiding value for comprehensively deepening the construction of the rule of SOEs under the rule of law and writing a good chapter on the Chinese path to modernization of SOEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20system%20of%20general%20counsel" title="the system of general counsel">the system of general counsel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merger%20and%20acquisition%20efficiency" title=" merger and acquisition efficiency"> merger and acquisition efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-owned%20enterprises" title=" state-owned enterprises"> state-owned enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers%20and%20acquisitions" title=" mergers and acquisitions"> mergers and acquisitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192552/research-on-the-effect-of-the-system-of-general-counsel-on-the-efficiency-of-mas-in-state-owned-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1480</span> Mandatory Mediation in Defamation Suits: A Balancing of the Scales between Freedom of Expression and the Protection of Reputation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronelle%20Prinsloo">Ronelle Prinsloo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rule 41A was introduced to the Uniform Rules of Court with the intention of promoting alternative dispute resolution (ADR), specifically mediation, as a means of resolving disputes; its voluntary nature allows parties to explore mediation willingly without the imposition of a mandatory requirement. Defamation suits, often notorious for their protracted litigation timelines, could benefit from the streamlined efficiency offered by mandatory rule 41A processes. Mediation, when mandated, could serve as a swift alternative, alleviating the burden on the court system and providing expedited relief to aggrieved parties. By incorporating a mandatory mediation step, parties might be encouraged to engage in a more constructive dialogue at an earlier stage, potentially fostering resolutions that might be elusive within the confines of protracted courtroom battles. This expedited resolution could not only benefit the litigants involved but also contribute to the broader efficiency and efficacy of the legal system. However, the application of rule 41A in defamation cases raises intriguing questions about its effectiveness in balancing the scales between freedom of expression and the protection of reputation. In considering the potential merits of making rule 41A mandatory in defamation cases, a key consideration is the prospect of expeditious and cost-effective resolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution%20of%20South%20Africa" title="constitution of South Africa">constitution of South Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defamation" title=" defamation"> defamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litigation" title=" litigation"> litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandatory" title=" mandatory"> mandatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190328/mandatory-mediation-in-defamation-suits-a-balancing-of-the-scales-between-freedom-of-expression-and-the-protection-of-reputation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1479</span> Assessing the Impact of the Rome II Regulation's General Rule on Cross-Border Road Traffic Accidents: A Critique of Recent Case Law </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Roberts">Emma Roberts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Rome II Regulation has established a uniform regime of conflict of law rules across the European Union (except for Denmark) which determines the law applicable in non-contractual obligations disputes. It marks a significant development towards the Europeanization of private international law and aims to provide the most appropriate connecting factors to achieve both legal certainty and justice in individual cases. Many non-contractual obligations are recognised to present such distinct factors that, to achieve these aims, a special rule is provided for determining the applicable law in cases in respect of product liability and environmental torts, for example. Throughout the legislative process, the European Parliament sought to establish a separate rule for road traffic accidents, recognising that these cases too present such novel situations that a blanket application of a lex loci damni approach would not provide an appropriate answer. Such attempts were rejected and, as a result, cases arising out of road traffic accidents are subject to the Regulation’s general lex loci damni rule along with its escape clause and limited exception. This paper offers a critique of the Regulation’s response to cross-border road traffic accident cases. In England and Wales, there have been few cases that have applied the Regulation’s provisions to date, but significantly the majority of such cases are in respect of road traffic accidents. This paper examines the decisions in those cases and challenges the legislators’ decision not to provide a special rule for such incidences. Owing to the diversity in compensation systems globally, applying the Regulation’s general rule to cases of road traffic accidents – given the breadth of matters that are to be subject to the lex cause – cannot ensure an outcome that provides ‘justice in individual cases’ as is assured by the Regulation's recitals. Not only does this paper suggest that the absence of a special rule for road traffic accidents means that the Regulation fails to achieve one of its principal aims, but it further makes out a compelling case for the legislative body of the European Union to implement a corrective instrument. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidents%20abroad" title="accidents abroad">accidents abroad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applicable%20law" title=" applicable law"> applicable law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20torts" title=" cross-border torts"> cross-border torts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-contractual%20obligations" title=" non-contractual obligations"> non-contractual obligations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20traffic%20accidents" title=" road traffic accidents"> road traffic accidents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67055/assessing-the-impact-of-the-rome-ii-regulations-general-rule-on-cross-border-road-traffic-accidents-a-critique-of-recent-case-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1478</span> Trends of Code-Mixing in a Bilingual Nigerian Child: An Investigation of a Three-Year-Old Child</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salamatu%20Sani">Salamatu Sani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is an investigation of how code-mixing manifests in the language development of a Nigerian child, especially in the Hausa speaking environment. It is hinged on the fact that the environment influences the first language acquired by a child regardless of the cultural and/or linguistic background of the parents. The child under investigation has been subjected to close monitoring on her speech hitherto. It is a longitudinal study covering a period of twelve months (January 2018 to December 2018); that was when the subject was between twenty-four and thirty months of age. The speeches have been recorded by means of a tape recorder, video, and a diary. The study employs as a theoretical framework, emergentism, which is an eclectic of the behaviourist and the mentalist theories to the study of language development, for analysis. This is in agreement with the positions of Skinner and Watson. Sequel to this investigation, it was discovered the environment is a major factor that influences the exposure of a child to a language more than the other factors and that, if a child is exposed to more than one language, there is a great tendency for such a child to code-mix and code-switch in her speech production. The child under investigation, in spite of the linguistic background of her parents, speaks the Hausa Language much better than the other languages around her though with remarkable code-mixing with other languages around her such as English and Ebira languages. The study concludes that although a child is born with the innate ability to acquire a particular language, the environment plays a key role to trigger the innate ability and consequently, the child is exposed to the acquisition of the dominant language around her at a particular given time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual" title="bilingual">bilingual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-mixing" title=" code-mixing"> code-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergentism" title=" emergentism"> emergentism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hausa" title=" Hausa"> Hausa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102590/trends-of-code-mixing-in-a-bilingual-nigerian-child-an-investigation-of-a-three-year-old-child" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1477</span> A Rule Adumbrated: Bailment on Terms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Gibbs-Kneller">David Gibbs-Kneller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Only parties to a contract can enforce it. This is the privity of the contract. Carriage contracts frequently involve intermediated relationships. While the carrier and cargo-owner will agree on a contract for carriage, there is no privity or consideration between the cargo-owner and third parties. To overcome this, the contract utilizes ‘bailment on terms’ or the rule in Morris. Morris v C W Martin & Sons Ltd is authority for the following: A sub-bailee and bailor may rely on terms of a bailment where the bailor has consented to sub-bailment “on terms”. Bailment on terms can play a significant part in making litigation decisions and determining liability. It is used in standard form contracts and courts have also strived to find consent to bailment on terms in agreements so as to avoid the consequences of privity of contract. However, what this paper exposes is the false legal basis for this model. Lord Denning gave an account adumbrated of the law of bailments to justify the rule in Morris. What Lord Denning was really doing was objecting to the doctrine of privity. To do so, he wrongly asserted there was a lacuna in law that meant third parties could not avail themselves upon terms of a contract. Next, he provided a false analogy between purely contractual rights and possessory liens. Finally, he gave accounts of authorities to say they supported the rule in Morris when they did not. Surprisingly, subsequent case law on the point has not properly engaged with this reasoning. The Pioneer Container held that since the rule in Morris lay in bailments, the decision is not dependent on the doctrine of privity. Yet the basis for this statement was Morris. Once these reasons have been discounted, all bailment on terms rests on is the claim that the law of bailments is an independent source of law. Bailment on terms should not be retained, for it is contrary to established principles in the law of property, tort, and contract. That undermines the certainty of those principles by risking their collapse because there is nothing that keeps bailment on terms within the confines of bailments only. As such, bailment on terms is not good law and should not be used in standard form contracts or by the courts as a means of determining liability. If bailment on terms is a pragmatic rule to retain, it is recommended that rules governing carriage contracts should be amended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bailment" title="bailment">bailment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carriage%20of%20goods" title=" carriage of goods"> carriage of goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contract%20law" title=" contract law"> contract law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privity" title=" privity"> privity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132120/a-rule-adumbrated-bailment-on-terms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1476</span> Colonial Racism and the Benin Bronze Artefacts, 1862-1960</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idahosa%20Osagie%20Ojo">Idahosa Osagie Ojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is on colonial racism and the Benin bronze artefacts between 1862 and 1960. It analyses the British racial sentiments against the Benin people that heralded colonial rule and how they influenced the perceptions of the artworks during the period. The aim is to contribute to the knowledge of colonial rule in Benin by bringing to the fore its impacts on the perception and interpretation of the Benin bronze artefacts during the period. Primary and secondary sources were utilised and the historical method was adopted. The findings reveal that the first British racial propaganda against the Benin people started in 1862 and that it was consciously orchestrated to manoeuvre public opinion for the ill-conceived colonial project. The research also reveals that the Benin people were not alone in this, as other peoples of Africa that were targeted for British colonial domination suffered the same fate. Findings also show that racial propaganda was actually used to rationalised colonial rule in Benin and that it later influenced the interpretations and perception of the Benin bronze artefacts throughout the colonial period and beyond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bronzes" title=" Bronzes"> Bronzes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title=" colonial"> colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title=" racism"> racism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150108/colonial-racism-and-the-benin-bronze-artefacts-1862-1960" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20rule&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20rule&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20rule&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20rule&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20rule&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20rule&page=6">6</a></li> 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