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searchaux" style="display:none">Phrase derived from the parable of Salt and Light</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the religious music albums, see <a href="/wiki/City_on_a_Hill_(series)" title="City on a Hill (series)">City on a Hill (series)</a>. For the TV series, see <a href="/wiki/City_on_a_Hill_(TV_series)" title="City on a Hill (TV series)">City on a Hill (TV series)</a>.</div> <p>"<b>City upon a hill</b>" is a phrase derived from the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Salt_and_light" title="Salt and light">salt and light</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally applied to the city of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> by early 17th century Puritans, it came to adopt broader <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Use_in_American_politics">use in political rhetoric</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="United States politics">United States politics</a>, that of a declaration of <a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a>, and referring to America acting as a "beacon of hope" for the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Matthew" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Matthew">Book of Matthew</a> 5:14</cite></div> </div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speech_by_John_Winthrop">Speech by John Winthrop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Speech by John Winthrop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This scripture was cited at the end of <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a>'s lecture or treatise, "<a href="/wiki/A_Model_of_Christian_Charity" title="A Model of Christian Charity">A Model of Christian Charity</a>" delivered on March 21, 1630, at <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Church" title="Holyrood Church">Holyrood Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, before his first group of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay colonists</a> embarked on the ship <i><a href="/wiki/Arbella" title="Arbella">Arbella</a></i> to settle Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In quoting Matthew's Gospel (5:14) in which Jesus warns, "a city on a hill cannot be hid," Winthrop warned his fellow Puritans that their new community would be "as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us", meaning, if the Puritans failed to uphold their covenant with God, then their sins and errors would be exposed for all the world to see: "So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a byword through the world".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winthrop's lecture was forgotten for nearly two hundred years until the Massachusetts Historical Society published it in 1839. It remained an obscure reference for more than another century until Cold War era historians and political leaders reinterpreted the event, crediting Winthrop's text, erroneously, as the foundational document of the idea of <a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a>. More recently, Princeton historian Dan T. Rogers has corrected the record, explaining that there was no grand sense of destiny among the first Puritans to settle Boston. They carried no ambitions to build a New Jerusalem. They did not name their new home Zion, or Canaan, the promised land of milk and honey. They sought only a place to uphold their covenant with God, free from the interference they experienced in England. By the second generation of settlement, New England was a backwater in the Protestant Reformation, an inconsequential afterthought to the Puritan Commonwealth in England and the wealthier Dutch Republic. In truth, America's sense of destiny came generations later.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winthrop's warning that "we will become a story" has been fulfilled several times in the four centuries since, as described in <i>Wayward Puritans: A Study in the Sociology of Deviance</i> by <a href="/wiki/Kai_T._Erikson" title="Kai T. Erikson">Kai T. Erikson</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_American_politics">Use in American politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use in American politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 January 1961, President-elect <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> quoted the phrase during <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Address_of_President-Elect_John_F._Kennedy_Delivered_to_a_Joint_Convention_of_the_General_Court_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="s:Address of President-Elect John F. Kennedy Delivered to a Joint Convention of the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts">an address</a> delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">general court of Massachusetts</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... I have been guided by the standard John Winthrop set before his shipmates on the flagship <i><a href="/wiki/Arbella" title="Arbella">Arabella</a></i> three hundred and thirty-one years ago, as they, too, faced the task of building a new government on a perilous frontier. "We must always consider", he said, "that we shall be as a <i>city upon a hill</i>—the eyes of all people are upon us". Today the eyes of all people are truly upon us—and our governments, in every branch, at every level, national, state and local, must be as a city upon a hill—constructed and inhabited by men aware of their great trust and their great responsibilities. For we are setting out upon a voyage in 1961 no less hazardous than that undertaken by the <i>Arabella</i> in 1630. We are committing ourselves to tasks of statecraft no less awesome than that of governing the Massachusetts Bay Colony, beset as it was then by terror without and disorder within. History will not judge our endeavors—and a government cannot be selected—merely on the basis of color or creed or even party affiliation. Neither will competence and loyalty and stature, while essential to the utmost, suffice in times such as these. For of those to whom much is given, much is required ...<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 3 November 1980, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> referred to the same event and image in his election-eve address, "A Vision for America". Reagan was reported to have been inspired by author <a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Manly P. Hall</a> and his book <i>The Secret Destiny of America</i>, which alleged a secret order of philosophers had created the idea of America as a country for religious freedom and self-governance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wp_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have quoted John Winthrop's words more than once on the campaign trail this year—for I believe that Americans in 1980 are every bit as committed to that vision of a shining <i>city on a hill</i>, as were those long ago settlers ... These visitors to that city on the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a> do not come as white or black, red or yellow; they are not Jews or Christians; conservatives or liberals; or Democrats or Republicans. They are Americans awed by what has gone before, proud of what for them is still… a shining city on a hill.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Reagan would reference this concept through multiple speeches;<sup id="cite_ref-wp_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notably again in his January 11, 1989, farewell speech to the nation: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I've spoken of the shining city all my political life, but I don't know if I ever quite communicated what I saw when I said it. But in my mind it was a tall, proud city built on rocks stronger than oceans, wind-swept, God-blessed, and teeming with people of all kinds living in harmony and peace; a city with free ports that hummed with commerce and creativity. And if there had to be city walls, the walls had doors and the doors were open to anyone with the will and the heart to get here. That's how I saw it, and see it still.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> also made reference to the topic in his commencement address on 2 June 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Boston" title="University of Massachusetts Boston">University of Massachusetts Boston</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was right here, in the waters around us, where the American experiment began. As the earliest settlers arrived on the shores of Boston and Salem and Plymouth, they dreamed of building a City upon a Hill. And the world watched, waiting to see if this improbable idea called America would succeed. More than half of you represent the very first member of your family to ever attend college. In the most diverse university in all of New England, I look out at a sea of faces that are African-American and Hispanic-American and Asian-American and Arab-American. I see students that have come here from over 100 different countries, believing like those first settlers that they too could find a home in this City on a Hill—that they too could find success in this unlikeliest of places.</p></blockquote> <p>In 2016, 2012 Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> incorporated the idiom into a <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_March_3_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitt Romney's March 3 speech">condemnation of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His domestic policies would lead to recession; his foreign policies would make America and the world less safe. He has neither the temperament nor the judgment to be president, and his personal qualities would mean that America would cease to be a shining <i>city on a hill</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>During the 2016 presidential race, Texas Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> used the phrase during his speech announcing the suspension of his campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Barack Obama also alluded to President Ronald Reagan's use of the phrase, during his speech at the Democratic National Convention the same year, as he proposed a vision of America in contrast to that of Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, former FBI director <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> used the phrase in testimony before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Senate Intelligence Committee</a> on the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...[W]e have this big, messy, wonderful country where we fight with each other all the time, but nobody tells us what to think, what to fight about, what to vote for, except other Americans, and that's wonderful and often painful. But we're talking about a foreign government that [...] tried to shape the way we think, we vote, we act. [...] [They]'re going to try to run it down and dirty it up as much as possible. That's what this is about. And they will be back, because we remain — as difficult as we can be with each other, we remain that shining city on the hill, and they don't like it.</p></blockquote> <p>On November 10, 2020, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> used the phrase while delivering an address at the inauguration of the Ronald Reagan Institute Center for Freedom and Democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...But I am equally confident that America will overcome any challenge, from Communist China to the terrorist regime in Tehran. Because that’s what free people do. We come together; we solve problems; we win, they lose; and we execute our foreign policy confident that we are that shining city on a hill.</p></blockquote> <p>Chair <a href="/wiki/Bennie_Thompson" title="Bennie Thompson">Bennie Thompson</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack" title="United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack">United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack</a>, used the phrase in his opening remarks on the first day of hearing on 9 June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_Australian_politics">Use in Australian politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use in Australian politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australian politics, the similar phrase "<a href="/wiki/The_light_on_the_hill" title="The light on the hill">the light on the hill</a>" was famously used in a 1949 conference speech by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ben_Chifley" title="Ben Chifley">Ben Chifley</a>, and as a consequence this phrase is used to describe the objective of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a>. It has often been referenced by both journalists and political leaders in that context since this time.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_Augustine_and_Roman_Catholic_politics">Use in Augustine and Roman Catholic politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use in Augustine and Roman Catholic politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_City_of_God" title="The City of God">The City of God</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_hymns">Use in hymns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use in hymns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The phrase is used in the hymn "Now, Saviour now, Thy Love Impart".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/City_upon_a_Hill" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/City upon a Hill">City upon a Hill</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">American civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dominionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Dominionism">Christian Dominionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Liberty" title="Empire of Liberty">Empire of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement theology">Replacement theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> in Israel, considered by some to have been the city Jesus had in mind</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in Massachusetts, often nicknamed the "city on a hill", and named as such by the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>, in particular <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scofield_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Scofield Bible">Scofield Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_and_debates_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Speeches and debates of Ronald Reagan">Speeches and debates of Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Colossus" title="The New Colossus">The New Colossus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Squiers, A. (2018). <i>The Politics of the Sacred in America: The Role of Civil Religion in Political Practice</i>. New York: Springer. pp. 62–63. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-68870-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-68870-1">978-3-319-68870-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, Francis, J., <i>John Winthrop: America's Forgotten Founding Father</i>, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 171. It is often stated that the sermon was written aboard the flagship <i>Arabella</i> and delivered in Boston harbor, an error introduced by a cover letter on an early manuscript not in Winthrop's hand when the sermon was first published.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winthrop, John, <i>The Journal of John Winthrop, 1630-1649</i>, Harvard University Press, 1996, p.1 note 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://live-bri-dos.pantheonsite.io/activities/a-city-upon-a-hill-winthrops-modell-of-christian-charity-1630/">"A City Upon a Hill: Winthrop's "Modell of Christian Charity," 1630"</a>. <i>Bill of Rights Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2023</span>. <q>America has long been expected to be a shining city on a hill. A beacon of hope and freedom</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nbcnews.com&rft.atitle=Read+the+full+text+of+chair+Bennie+Thompson%27s+remarks+in+first+Jan.+6+hearing&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Bennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump%2Fread-full-text-chair-bennie-thompsons-remarks-first-jan-6-hearing-rcna32885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2008" class="citation news cs1">Casey, Scott (10 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/entertainment/keating-comes-to-brisbane-20080310-ge9u2d.html">"Keating! comes to Brisbane"</a>. <i>The Brisbane Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=Keating%21+comes+to+Brisbane&rft.date=2008-03-10&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fkeating-comes-to-brisbane-20080310-ge9u2d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hymns.countedfaithful.org/hymn.php?hymnNumber=469&versionNumber=0">"Hymn number 469 Now, Saviour now, Thy love impart"</a>. <i>hymns.countedfaithful.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hymns.countedfaithful.org&rft.atitle=Hymn+number+469+Now%2C+Saviour+now%2C+Thy+love+impart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhymns.countedfaithful.org%2Fhymn.php%3FhymnNumber%3D469%26versionNumber%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Engen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Van Engen, Abram (Winter 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neh.gov/article/how-america-became-city-upon-hill">"How America Became "A City upon a Hill"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Humanities</i>. <b>41</b> (1). National Endowment for the Humanities.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities&rft.atitle=How+America+Became+%22A+City+upon+a+Hill%22&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Van+Engen&rft.aufirst=Abram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Farticle%2Fhow-america-became-city-upon-hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:14" title="Matthew 5:14">Matthew 5:14</a>: "You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_upon_a_Hill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodgers2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_T._Rodgers" title="Daniel T. Rodgers">Rodgers, Daniel T.</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dz1hDwAAQBAJ"><i>As a City on a Hill: The Story of America's Most Famous Lay Sermon</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18437-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18437-1"><bdi>978-0-691-18437-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=As+a+City+on+a+Hill%3A+The+Story+of+America%27s+Most+Famous+Lay+Sermon&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-691-18437-1&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Daniel+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddz1hDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gamble, Richard M. (2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Search-City-Hill-Unmaking-American/dp/1441162321">In Search of the City on a Hill: The Making and Unmaking of an American Myth</a></i> Continuum. ISBN 978-1441162328.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_O’Reilly2018" class="citation web cs1">Edward O’Reilly (December 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.nyhistory.org/21991-2/">"John Winthrop's "City upon a hill" Sermon and an "Erasure of Collective Memory"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Winthrop%27s+%22City+upon+a+hill%22+Sermon+and+an+%22Erasure+of+Collective+Memory%22&rft.pub=New-York+Historical+Society&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft.au=Edward+O%E2%80%99Reilly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.nyhistory.org%2F21991-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter_Wilkie2019" class="citation web cs1">Carter Wilkie (January 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonwealthmagazine.org/book-review/how-modern-leaders-got-john-winthrops-city-on-a-hill-wrong/">"How modern leaders got John Winthrop's 'City on a Hill' wrong: A call for humility has become the battle cry for American exceptionalism"</a>. Commonwealth Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+modern+leaders+got+John+Winthrop%27s+%27City+on+a+Hill%27+wrong%3A+A+call+for+humility+has+become+the+battle+cry+for+American+exceptionalism&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Magazine&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft.au=Carter+Wilkie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonwealthmagazine.org%2Fbook-review%2Fhow-modern-leaders-got-john-winthrops-city-on-a-hill-wrong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACity+upon+a+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Abram Van Engen (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/City-Hill-History-American-Exceptionalism/dp/0300229755">City on a Hill: A History of American Exceptionalism</a>. Yale University Press.</li> <li>Matthew Rowley (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jbr-2021-0012/html">"Reverse-Engineering the Covenant: Moses, Massachusetts Bay and the Construction of a City on a Hill".</a> Journal of the Bible and its Reception, 8, no. 2.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Sermon_on_the_Mount77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teachings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_light" title="Salt and light">Salt and light</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City upon a Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamp_under_a_bushel" title="Lamp under a bushel">Lamp under a bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_the_other_cheek" title="Turning the other cheek">Turning the other cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:44" title="Matthew 5:44">Love your enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_of_the_Air" title="The Birds of the Air">The Birds of the Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufficient_unto_the_day_is_the_evil_thereof" title="Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof">Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mote_and_the_Beam" title="The Mote and the Beam">The Mote and the Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule#Christianity" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tree_and_its_Fruits" title="The Tree and its Fruits">The Tree and its Fruits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_prophet" title="False prophet">False prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_in_sheep%27s_clothing" title="Wolf in sheep's clothing">Wolf in sheep's clothing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wise_and_the_Foolish_Builders" title="Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders">The Wise and Foolish Builders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Beatitudes" title="Mount of Beatitudes">Mount of Beatitudes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lord%27s_Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount">Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount</a></i> (4th century book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i> (1894 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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