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href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Los rootpage-Los skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Los" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Los" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Los" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Los" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lostjenesten_i_Norge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lostjenesten_i_Norge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lostjenesten i Norge</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lostjenesten_i_Norge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Lostjenesten i Norge</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lostjenesten_i_Norge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historien_om_losvesenet_i_Norge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historien_om_losvesenet_i_Norge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historien om losvesenet i Norge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historien_om_losvesenet_i_Norge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Los</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 40 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lods" title="Lods – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lods" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lots" title="Lots – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lots" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafns%C3%B6guma%C3%B0ur" title="Hafnsögumaður – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hafnsögumaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مرشد بحري – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرشد بحري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лоцман – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лоцман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лоцман – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лоцман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A0ctic" title="Pràctic – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pràctic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodivod" title="Lodivod – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lodivod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peilot_morwrol" title="Peilot morwrol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peilot morwrol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotse" title="Lotse – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lotse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loots" title="Loots – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Loots" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Πλοηγός (επάγγελμα) – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλοηγός (επάγγελμα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Maritime pilot" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A1ctico" title="Práctico – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Práctico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piloto_(na%C5%ADtiko)" title="Piloto (naŭtiko) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piloto (naŭtiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilote_(profession_maritime)" title="Pilote (profession maritime) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pilote (profession maritime)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loads_(berop)" title="Loads (berop) – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Loads (berop)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%84%A0%EC%82%AC" title="도선사 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도선사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomorski_peljar" title="Pomorski peljar – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pomorski peljar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marala_piloto" title="Marala piloto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Marala piloto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandu_maritim" title="Pandu maritim – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pandu maritim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilota_(nautica)" title="Pilota (nautica) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pilota (nautica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%91_(%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2)" title="נתב (מקצוע) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נתב (מקצוע)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лоцман – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лоцман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locmanas" title="Locmanas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Locmanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malim" title="Malim – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loods_(scheepvaart)" title="Loods (scheepvaart) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Loods (scheepvaart)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%85%88%E6%A1%88%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" title="水先案内人 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水先案内人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luats" title="Luats – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luats" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loots" title="Loots – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Loots" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_morski" title="Pilot morski – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pilot morski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praticagem" title="Praticagem – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Praticagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лоцман – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лоцман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_(pomorstvo)" title="Pilot (pomorstvo) – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pilot (pomorstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Поморски пилот – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поморски пилот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luotsi" title="Luotsi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luotsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1lavuz_kaptan" title="Kılavuz kaptan – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kılavuz kaptan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лоцман – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лоцман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E6%B8%AF%E5%93%A1" title="領港員 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="領港員" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E6%B0%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="引水人 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="引水人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q475604#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Los" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Los" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Los"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Los"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Los" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Los" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hotel_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hotel_flag.svg/250px-Hotel_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hotel_flag.svg/375px-Hotel_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hotel_flag.svg/500px-Hotel_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><big><b>«Jeg har lós ombord»</b></big><br />Det internasjonale <a href="/wiki/Internasjonale_maritime_signalflagg" title="Internasjonale maritime signalflagg">signalflagget</a> «<a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a>»</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Los</b>, <b>lós</b> eller <b>skipslos</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Tysk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Tysk språk">ty.</a> <i>lots(man)</i> fra <a href="/wiki/Mellomengelsk" title="Mellomengelsk">m.eng.</a> <i>lodesman</i> av <a href="/wiki/Gammelengelsk" title="Gammelengelsk">gm.eng.</a> <i>lad</i> = vei, jfr. <i>lei(a)</i> eller <i>led(en)</i>) er en veiviser som rettleder <a href="/wiki/Skip" title="Skip">skip</a> i havneområder og ukjente farvann, en <a href="/wiki/Navigat%C3%B8r" title="Navigatør">navigatør</a> med ekstraordinær lokalkompetanse om et bestemt område, en kunnskap som er nødvendig når større skip skal seile innenskjærs. <i>Los</i>, som uttrykk, brukes imidlertid også i en viss utstrekning som en generell beskrivelse om veivisere (såkalte <i>kjentmenn</i>) på land. Likeledes brukes uttrykket los eller <b>lòs</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8nt_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Norrønt språk">norr.</a> <i>los</i> = <i>(opp)løsing</i>; i sammenheng med <i>løs</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8sing" title="Løsing">løsing</a></i> eller <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8ysing" class="mw-redirect" title="Løysing">løysing</a></i>) om løse <a href="/wiki/Jakthunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakthunder">jakthunder</a> som halser (gjør, bjeffer) under forfølgelse av et bytte, under <a href="/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt">jakt</a>, for å <i>lose</i> (anvise) <a href="/wiki/Jeger" title="Jeger">jegeren</a> hvor byttet befinner seg. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lostjenesten_i_Norge">Lostjenesten i Norge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Lostjenesten i Norge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Lostjenesten i Norge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg/250px-Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg/375px-Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg/500px-Pilot_boat_in_Oslo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Norsk losbåt ved <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6rder" title="Færder">Færder</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pilot_barhoeft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pilot_barhoeft.jpg/250px-Pilot_barhoeft.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pilot_barhoeft.jpg/375px-Pilot_barhoeft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pilot_barhoeft.jpg/500px-Pilot_barhoeft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyske</a> losbåter i havnen i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barh%C3%B6ft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barhöft (ikke skrevet ennå)">Barhöft</a> ved <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stersj%C3%B8en" title="Østersjøen">Østersjøen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg/250px-Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg/375px-Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg/500px-Harbour_pilot_boarding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Losen klatrer ombord ved hjelp av losleideren uten at båtene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legge_bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legge bi (ikke skrevet ennå)">legger bi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederlandsk</a> losbåt.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lods_fra_Mandal_(Kongernes_Lapidarium).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lods_fra_Mandal_%28Kongernes_Lapidarium%29.jpg/250px-Lods_fra_Mandal_%28Kongernes_Lapidarium%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lods_fra_Mandal_%28Kongernes_Lapidarium%29.jpg/375px-Lods_fra_Mandal_%28Kongernes_Lapidarium%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lods_fra_Mandal_%28Kongernes_Lapidarium%29.jpg/500px-Lods_fra_Mandal_%28Kongernes_Lapidarium%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Los fra <a href="/wiki/Mandal" title="Mandal">Mandal</a>, 1700-tallsskulptur fra <a href="/wiki/Nordmandsdalen" title="Nordmandsdalen">Nordmandsdalen</a>, nå i <a href="/wiki/Kongernes_Lapidarium" title="Kongernes Lapidarium">Kongernes Lapidarium</a> i <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn" title="København">København</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lostjenesten følger internasjonale lover og regler. Losen må inneha lossertifikat, som i <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a> bare utstedes av <a href="/wiki/Kystverket" title="Kystverket">Kystverket</a>, som også er eneste arbeidsgiver for de norske skipslosene. Losens kompetanse består i inngående lokalkunnskap om et bestemt farvannet (sertifiseringsområde). Kunnskapen omhandler blant annet dybdeforhold, oppmerking, strømforhold, og havneforhold m.v., samt kunnskap om, og erfaring med håndtering av store skip i dette farvannet, og kunnskap om lokalt regelverk for slike seilaser. Norske loser er gjerne utdannet <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8kaptein" title="Sjøkaptein">sjøkaptein</a> eller tilsvarende fra <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8forsvaret" title="Sjøforsvaret">Sjøforsvaret</a>. Som losaspirant følger rekruttene en systematisk opplæring gjennom tre år. Skipsstørrelse og farvann økes gradvis i omfang gjennom treningsperioden. Etter tre år er det forventet at aspirantene skal kunne lose skip av alle størrelser innenfor sitt sertifiseringsområde. </p><p>I dag er reglene slik, at i prinsippet skal alle større skip (70 m og større, 50 m og større dersom skipet fører farlig og forurensende last) som seiler inn eller ut fra norske havner, eller som seiler innenskjærs langs norskekysten, ha los om bord. Men det finnes noen unntak; skip som går i mer eller mindre fast rute kan seile på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farledsbevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farledsbevis (ikke skrevet ennå)">farledsbevis</a>, så lenge skipet seiler i sin faste rute. Militære fartøy er unntatt fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Losplikt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Losplikt (ikke skrevet ennå)">losplikt</a>. </p><p>Losens oppgave er å navigere skipet trygt til bestemmelsesstedet. Losen fraktes normalt ut til skipene med <a href="/wiki/Losb%C3%A5t" title="Losbåt">losbåt</a> og må som regel klatre så ombord i skipene via en <a href="/wiki/Losleider" title="Losleider">losleider</a>, en taustige som henger på skutesiden. Det er ikke uvanlig at denne er over 10 meter høy. Noen steder blir losen satt ombord med <a href="/wiki/Helikopter" title="Helikopter">helikopter</a>. Ombord presenterer losen en seilingsplan for kapteinen, og navigerer skipet etter denne. Kapteinen har fortsatt kommandoen over skipet, men det er svært uvanlig at han legger seg opp i seilasen med losen ombord. Prosedyren er den samme i alle land, og tillitsforholdet mellom los og kaptein er normalt svært godt alle steder. </p><p>Dersom skipet så stort at det trengs <a href="/wiki/Taub%C3%A5t" title="Taubåt">taubåter</a> for å gå til kai, dirigerer losen taubåtene og manøvrerer skipet til kai. Når skipet skal legge fra kai, skjer det samme i omvendt rekkefølge. </p><p>Losene går ombord og frabord («border» og «kvitter») i nær sagt all slags vær. Kunsten er å legge det store skipet på slik kurs og fart at det gir best mulig le. Da fungerer skipet som en bølgebryter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historien_om_losvesenet_i_Norge">Historien om losvesenet i Norge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historien om losvesenet i Norge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historien om losvesenet i Norge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg/250px-Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg/375px-Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg/500px-Hans_Gude_-_Pilotboats_-_NG.M.00636-013_-_National_Museum_of_Art%2C_Architecture_and_Design.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption>«To losbåter», maleri av <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Los- og kjentmannsvesenet er en eldgammel ordning på kysten. I <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Lagab%C3%B8tes_landslov" title="Magnus Lagabøtes landslov">Magnus Lagabøtes landslov</a> av 1274 finner vi de eldste norske bestemmelser om losing av de kongelige leidangskip – datidens krigsskip. Vår norske betegnelse los ble fra 1500-tallet utledet av de sørlige Nordsjølandenes navn fra 1200-tallets kjentmann på kysten, <i>lodmann</i>. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> bylov av 1276 er det bestemmelser om at skipperen på et handelsfartøy må holde los for egen regning. Losene ble i løpet av <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a> organisert i egne laug rundt de store handelsbyene <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nidaros" title="Nidaros">Nidaros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunsberg">Tunsberg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>. </p><p>Losens farvannskunnskap fikk han gjennom erfaring og rutine såvel fra skutedekket som fra landsiden. Faglig overlevering fra eldre, erfarne loser var vanlig også dengang. Der det oppstod naturlige lossteder, f.eks. ute i havkanten ved innløp til trafikkerte fjorder eller i uthavner, var det vanlig at farvannskunnskap og losyrket gikk i arv fra far til sønn. </p><p>I Kong <a href="/wiki/Frederik_II_av_Danmark_og_Norge" title="Frederik II av Danmark og Norge">Fredrik IIs</a> forordning av 1561 innførtes for første gang losplikt i Norge, begrenset til bestemte losfarvann (i en lodsmanns farvann) på kysten. Forordningen satte meget strenge krav til losens kyndighet, for dersom skipperen skulle få skade på skip eller gods som følge av losens forsømmelser eller manglende farvannskunnskap, da ble losen pliktig til å bøte på skaden. Maktet han ikke dette, «da havde hand forbrudt sitt Liv» </p><p>Rett til å lose ble gitt av Kongen ved losbrev. Det eldste losbrev vi kjenner til, stammer fra 1654. Dokumentet ble tildelt etter søknad. </p><p>I 1720 ble kysten av Admiralitet i <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn" title="København">København</a> delt i to overlosdistrikter: det sønnenfjellske fra svenskegrensen til Åna Sira og det nordenfjellske derfra og nordover. Overlosene ble videre pålagt å dele inn sine distrikter i ulike losoldermannskap. Videre ble lostjenesten regulert ved felles instrukser og faste takster ble fastsatt. Ingen los kunne lenger lose uten lospatent. Før dette ble tildelt, måtte losen dokumentere sin dugelighet overfor sin overlos samt avlegge ed til Kongen. </p><p>Bruk av los har i store trekk holdt seg uforandret opp til vår egen tid. Forandringene i lostjenesten er begrenset til nye forhold som fartøyenes størrelse, overgangen fra seil til motordrift, flere navigasjonshjelpemidler, forbedret manøvreringsdyktighet på fartøyene og mer trafikk. I <a href="/wiki/Mellomkrigstiden" title="Mellomkrigstiden">mellomkrigstiden</a> var det også i perioder losstasjoner på <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, nærmere bestemt ved innseilingene til Svea (<a href="/wiki/Bellsund_fyr" title="Bellsund fyr">Bellsund</a>) og Barentsburg/Longyearbyen (<a href="/wiki/Isfjord_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfjord Radio">Isfjord</a>). </p><p>I 1948 ble losvesenet underlagt <a href="/wiki/Fiskeridepartementet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiskeridepartementet">Fiskeridepartementet</a> og organisert i samsvar med lov om losvesenet av 9. april 1948. Losvesenet var administrert av et eget Losdirektorat under ledelse av en losdirektør. Hans stedfortreder var losinspektøren. </p><p>Kystverket ble etablert 1. juni 1974 som et resultat av samordning av de tre tradisjonsrike etater Statens havnevesen, Fyr- og merkevesenet og Losvesenet. Kystens samferdselsetat har slik sett sine røtter i tallrike generasjoners arbeid for å sikre gode havner og trygge seilingsforhold for sjøvertstrafikk i Norge. </p><p>Norges første kvinnelige statslos, Solgunn Homme Breivik,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ble uteksaminert i 2006. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> ble det innført losplikt i <a href="/wiki/Adventfjorden" title="Adventfjorden">Adventfjorden</a> på <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, og Longyear Havn fikk oppgaven med å stille tilbringerskip på oppdrag av <a href="/wiki/Kystverket" title="Kystverket">Kystverket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kystverket.no/?did=9361225">«Norges første kvinnelige los»</a>, artikkel fra Kystverkets nettsider om norges første kvinnelige los uteksaminert.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lokalstyre.no/longyear-havn.247427.no.html">Longyear Havn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222052/http://www.lokalstyre.no/longyear-havn.247427.no.html">Arkivert</a> 4. mars 2016 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Longyearbyen Lokalstyre</i>. Besøkt 28. desember 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utdanning.no/yrker/beskrivelse/los">Yrkesbeskrivelse av los fra utdanning.no</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kystverket.no/?aid=9030849">Kystverkets sider om lostjenesten i Norge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norsklos.org/">www.norsklos.org</a> – 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