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href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Υπερμακρά_κύματα rootpage-Υπερμακρά_κύματα skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Μετάβαση στο περιεχόμενο</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Ιστότοπος"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Κύριο μενού" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Κύριο μενού</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Κύριο μενού</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">μετακίνηση στην πλαϊνή μπάρα</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">απόκρυψη</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Πλοήγηση </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Επισκεφθείτε την αρχική σελίδα [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Κύρια πύλη</span></a></li><li id="n-Θεματικές-πύλες" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1"><span>Θεματικές πύλες</span></a></li><li id="n-Featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1"><span>Προβεβλημένα λήμματα</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βρείτε βασικές πληροφορίες για τρέχοντα γεγονότα"><span>Τρέχοντα γεγονότα</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φόρτωση μιας τυχαίας σελίδας [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Τυχαίο λήμμα</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Συμμετοχή" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Συμμετοχή" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Συμμετοχή </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Το μέρος για να βρείτε αυτό που ψάχνετε"><span>Βοήθεια</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σχετικά με το εγχείρημα, τι μπορείτε να κάνετε, πού μπορείτε να βρείτε τι"><span>Πύλη Κοινότητας</span></a></li><li id="n-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC"><span>Αγορά</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a 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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-el.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Η Ελεύθερη Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-el.svg" width="120" height="10" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Αναζήτηση στη Βικιπαίδεια [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Αναζήτηση</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div 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id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Εμφάνιση"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Εμφάνιση" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Εμφάνιση</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_el.wikipedia.org&uselang=el" class=""><span>Δωρεές</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7&returnto=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Σύνδεση</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Περισσότερες επιλογές" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Προσωπικά εργαλεία" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D&returnto=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να δημιουργήσετε ένα λογαριασμό και να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Δημιουργία λογαριασμού</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7&returnto=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Σας ενθαρρύνουμε να συνδεθείτε· ωστόσο, δεν είναι υποχρεωτικό [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Σύνδεση</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Σελίδες για αποσυνδεμένους συντάκτες <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE" aria-label="Μάθετε περισσότερα σχετικά με την επεξεργασία"><span>μάθετε περισσότερα</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μια λίστα με τις επεξεργασίες που έγιναν από αυτή τη διεύθυνση IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Συνεισφορές</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Αρχή</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ιστορία" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ιστορία"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ιστορία</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ιστορία-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Εφαρμογές" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Εφαρμογές"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Εφαρμογές</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Εφαρμογές-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Παραπομπές" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Παραπομπές"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Παραπομπές</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Παραπομπές-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Περιεχόμενα" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Εναλλαγή του πίνακα περιεχομένων" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Εναλλαγή του πίνακα περιεχομένων</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Υπερμακρά κύματα</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Μεταβείτε σε ένα λήμμα σε άλλη γλώσσα. Διαθέσιμο σε 27 γλώσσες" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 γλώσσες</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="تردد شديد الانخفاض – Αραβικά" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تردد شديد الانخفاض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Αραβικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLF" title="VLF – Καταλανικά" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="VLF" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Καταλανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLF" title="VLF – Δανικά" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="VLF" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Δανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ngstwelle" title="Längstwelle – Γερμανικά" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Längstwelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Γερμανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency – Αγγλικά" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Very low frequency" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Αγγλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecuencia_muy_baja" title="Frecuencia muy baja – Ισπανικά" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frecuencia muy baja" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Ισπανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بسامد بسیارپایین – Περσικά" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بسامد بسیارپایین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Περσικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLF_(taajuusalue)" title="VLF (taajuusalue) – Φινλανδικά" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="VLF (taajuusalue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Φινλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_basse_fr%C3%A9quence" title="Très basse fréquence – Γαλλικά" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Très basse fréquence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Γαλλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(VLF)" title="अति निम्न आवृत्ति (VLF) – Χίντι" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अति निम्न आवृत्ति (VLF)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Χίντι" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գերերկար ալիքներ – Αρμενικά" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերերկար ալիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Αρμενικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frekuensi_sangat_rendah" title="Frekuensi sangat rendah – Ινδονησιακά" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frekuensi sangat rendah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Ινδονησιακά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency – Ιταλικά" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Very low frequency" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Ιταλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%95%B7%E6%B3%A2" title="超長波 – Ιαπωνικά" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超長波" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Ιαπωνικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%A0%80%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%8C" title="초저주파 – Κορεατικά" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초저주파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Κορεατικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency – Ολλανδικά" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Very low frequency" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Ολλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veldig_l%C3%A5g_frekvens" title="Veldig låg frekvens – Νορβηγικά Νινόρσκ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Veldig låg frekvens" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Νορβηγικά Νινόρσκ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veldig_lav_frekvens" title="Veldig lav frekvens – Νορβηγικά Μποκμάλ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Veldig lav frekvens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Νορβηγικά Μποκμάλ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fale_bardzo_d%C5%82ugie" title="Fale bardzo długie – Πολωνικά" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fale bardzo długie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Πολωνικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequ%C3%AAncia_muito_baixa" title="Frequência muito baixa – Πορτογαλικά" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frequência muito baixa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Πορτογαλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сверхдлинные волны – Ρωσικά" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сверхдлинные волны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ρωσικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4ldigt_l%C3%A5g_frekvens" title="Väldigt låg frekvens – Σουηδικά" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Väldigt låg frekvens" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Σουηδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ok_d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCk_frekans" title="Çok düşük frekans – Τουρκικά" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çok düşük frekans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Τουρκικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Наддовгі радіохвилі – Ουκρανικά" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наддовгі радіохвилі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ουκρανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Very low frequency" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7n_s%E1%BB%91_r%E1%BA%A5t_th%E1%BA%A5p" title="Tần số rất thấp – Βιετναμικά" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tần số rất thấp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Βιετναμικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9A%E4%BD%8E%E9%A2%91" title="甚低频 – Κινεζικά" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="甚低频" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Κινεζικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q549933#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Επεξεργασία διαγλωσσικών συνδέσεων" class="wbc-editpage">Επεξεργασία συνδέσμων</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ονοματοχώροι"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Προβολή της σελίδας περιεχομένου [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Λήμμα</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7:%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Συζήτηση για τη σελίδα περιεχομένου (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Συζήτηση</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=history" title="Παλιές αναθεωρήσεις της σελίδας [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Προβολή ιστορικού</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Εργαλεία σελίδων"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Εργαλεία" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Εργαλεία</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Εργαλεία</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">μετακίνηση στην πλαϊνή μπάρα</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">απόκρυψη</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Περισσότερες επιλογές" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ενέργειες </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1"><span>Ανάγνωση</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&veaction=edit" title="Επεξεργασία αυτής της σελίδας [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=edit" title="Επεξεργασία του πηγαίου κώδικα της σελίδας [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Επεξεργασία 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href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fel.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25CE%25A5%25CF%2580%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25AC_%25CE%25BA%25CF%258D%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Λάβετε συντομευμένη διεύθυνση URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fel.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25CE%25A5%25CF%2580%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25AC_%25CE%25BA%25CF%258D%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Λήψη κωδικού QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Εκτύπωση/εξαγωγή </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1"><span>Δημιουργία βιβλίου</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:DownloadAsPdf&page=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>Κατέβασμα ως PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&printable=yes" title="Εκτυπώσιμη έκδοση αυτής της σελίδας [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Εκτυπώσιμη έκδοση</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Σε άλλα εγχειρήματα </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Very_low_frequency" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q549933" title="Σύνδεσμος προς το συνδεδεμένο αντικείμενο δεδομένων [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Αντικείμενο Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Εργαλεία σελίδων"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Εμφάνιση"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Εμφάνιση</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">μετακίνηση στην πλαϊνή μπάρα</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">απόκρυψη</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Από τη Βικιπαίδεια, την ελεύθερη εγκυκλοπαίδεια</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="el" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <span class="mbox-text-span">Το λήμμα δεν περιέχει <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Επαληθευσιμότητα"><b>πηγές</b></a> ή αυτές που περιέχει δεν επαρκούν.</span> <span class="hide-when-compact"><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=edit">Μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε</a> προσθέτοντας την κατάλληλη τεκμηρίωση. Υλικό που είναι ατεκμηρίωτο μπορεί να αμφισβητηθεί και να αφαιρεθεί.<br /> <small>Η σήμανση τοποθετήθηκε στις 29/03/2020.</small></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Υπερμακρά κύματα</b> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα">Αγγλική γλώσσα</a> very low frequency, VLF) είναι η ονομασία των ηλεκτρομαγνητικών κυμάτων του φάσματος συχνοτήτων από 3 έως 30kHz <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Το εύρος συχνοτήτων κάτω από 9 kHz δεν απασχολεί τον διεθνή οργανισμό τηλεπικοινωνιών (ITU). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Uboatvlfantenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Uboatvlfantenna.jpg/220px-Uboatvlfantenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Uboatvlfantenna.jpg/330px-Uboatvlfantenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Uboatvlfantenna.jpg/440px-Uboatvlfantenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Κεραία λήψης υπερμακρών κυμάτων</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ιστορία"><span id=".CE.99.CF.83.CF.84.CE.BF.CF.81.CE.AF.CE.B1"></span>Ιστορία</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Ιστορία" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Ιστορία"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Τις πρώτες ημέρες μετά την εφεύρεση της ραδιοφωνίας, τα υπερμακρά κύματα δοκιμάστηκαν για τη μετάδοση ραδιοφωνικών εκπομπών, αλλά τα αποτελέσματα δεν ήταν ικανοποιητικά λόγω του χαμηλού εύρους συχνοτήτων της συγκεκριμένης μορφής κυμάτων. Ο ιστορικός πομπός υπερμακρών κυμάτων μεγάλης κυματομορφής SAQ στο Γκρίμετουν (κοντά στο Βάρμπεργκ στη <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σουηδία">Σουηδία</a>) μετέδιδε για περίπου μισή ώρα σε ειδικές περιπτώσεις (όπως εθνικές γιορτές) και συνεχίζει τη λειτουργία του μέχρι και σήμερα σποραδικά. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Εφαρμογές"><span id=".CE.95.CF.86.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.BC.CE.BF.CE.B3.CE.AD.CF.82"></span>Εφαρμογές</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Εφαρμογές" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Εφαρμογές"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Τα υπερμακρά κύματα χάρη στην δυνατότητα τους να ξεπερνούν εμπόδια (όπως βουνά) και να μεταδίδονται σε μεγάλες αποστάσεις άλλα και να διεισδύουν έως και 40 μέτρα στο θαλασσινό νερό χρησιμοποιούνται για επικοινωνία αεροσκαφών και υποβρυχίων. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Παραπομπές"><span id=".CE.A0.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.80.CE.BF.CE.BC.CF.80.CE.AD.CF.82"></span>Παραπομπές</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Παραπομπές" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Παραπομπές"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Tomislav Stimac, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlf.it/frequency/bands.html">Definition of frequency bands (VLF, ELF... etc.)</a></i>". IK1QFK Home Page (vlf.it).</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Flanken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flanken.jpg/40px-Flanken.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flanken.jpg/60px-Flanken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flanken.jpg/80px-Flanken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Αυτό το λήμμα σχετικά με την <b><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Κυματική">Κυματική</a></b> χρειάζεται <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%9B%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Λήμματα προς επέκταση">επέκταση</a>. 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