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}</script></div><div class="archive-notice archive-notice--top"><div class="archive-notice__text">Cet article fait partie des archives en ligne du HuffPost Québec, qui a fermé ses portes en 2021. </div></div><div data-rapid="marko-sec" class="entry-head-container" id="entry-header"><header class="entry__header"><div class="label"><div class="label__content" style="width:auto"><a class="label__link" href="/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/opinion/" data-ylk="itc:0"><span class="label__link__text">Opinion</span></a></div></div><h1 class="headline">Cessons de tourner autour du masque</h1><div class="dek">Le port du masque doit être rendu obligatoire dans le transport à commun et les commerces à Montréal.</div><div class="entry__byline"><div class="author-list"><span aria-hidden="true">Par </span><div class="entry__byline__author"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/author/patrick-dery" aria-label="By Patrick Déry" data-ylk="subsec:byline;itc:0"><div aria-hidden="true">Patrick Déry</div></a></div></div></div><div class="timestamp"><time datetime="2020-05-14T10:04:09-0400" aria-label="Published on May 14, 2020 10:04AM EDT"><span aria-hidden="true">05/14/2020 10:04am EDT</span></time><time datetime="1589575212000" aria-label="Updated on 2020-05-15T16:40:12-0400"><span aria-hidden="true"> | Actualisé mai 15, 2020</span></time></div></header></div><article mt-import="5ebd452bc5b6d9e9debdaf93" class="entry__content js-page-content-top"><div class="entry__content-list-container"><section data-rapid="marko-sec" class="entry__content-list js-main-content-list" id="entry-body"><section class="entry__content-list js-entry-content"><figure class="cli cli-image js-no-inject cli-image--header-media"><div class="img-sized"><div class="img-sized__placeholder" style="width:720px"><div style="padding-top:56.111111111111114%"></div></div><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5ebd4e48250000cf19eb16fe.jpeg?cache=LlSAyOqMsP&ops=scalefit_720_noupscale&format=webp"/><img class="img-sized__img landscape" alt="" width="720" height="404" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5ebd4e48250000cf19eb16fe.jpeg?cache=LlSAyOqMsP&ops=scalefit_720_noupscale"/></picture></div><div class="cli-image__spacer"></div><div class="cli-image__credit" aria-label="Image Credit: Chansom Pantip via Getty Images"><span aria-hidden="true">Chansom Pantip via Getty Images</span></div></figure><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Mardi, le premier ministre François Legault <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/covid-19-coronavirus-quebec_qc_5ebabf36c5b6c76dfcc7addc" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;g:606a6448-f0ab-34b9-82ee-f5c85b1baa6f;itc:0;cpos:1;pos:1;elm:context_link">s’est présenté au point de presse quotidien avec un masque</a> et a ensuite recommandé son adoption. Malheureusement, lui et le <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/news/horacio-arruda/" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:1;pos:2;elm:context_link">Dr Arruda</a> ont ensuite miné ce message en expliquant longuement pourquoi le port du masque n’avait pu être recommandé plus tôt ou rendu obligatoire, affirmant plusieurs inexactitudes au passage, dont certaines ont été répétées le lendemain.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><h3><strong>1- L’inventaire des masques médicaux était insuffisant/on doit pouvoir en fournir à tout le monde dans le grand public</strong></h3></div><div class="cli cli-advertisement"><div id="teads-entry_paragraph_1" class="hp-teads-adspot ad-entry_paragraph_1"></div> <script type="text/javascript" class="teads" async="true" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210331083333js_/https://a.teads.tv/page/112895/tag"></script> </div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Il s’agit de deux problèmes séparés. On est tous d’accord pour que le matériel médical (masque chirurgical ou N95) soit d’abord réservé au personnel médical. Il existe d’autres solutions pour le grand public.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>En République tchèque, par exemple, le gouvernement a décidé de rendre le masque obligatoire dans les endroits publics à la mi-mars, avant même qu’il n’y ait un seul décès rapporté dans ce pays. Les citoyens en ont simplement fabriqué, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZtEX2-n2Hc&feature=youtu.be" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:7;pos:1;elm:context_link">encouragés par leur gouvernement et des influenceurs</a>. Aux États-Unis, une <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPx1yqvJgf4" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:7;pos:2;elm:context_link">vidéo du médecin en chef</a> a montré qu’on peut se fabriquer un couvre-visage avec un vieux t-shirt et deux élastiques en quelques minutes.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><h3><strong>2- On n’est pas certain que le masque est efficace</strong></h3></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>On serait tenté de nommer tous les pays où le masque a été adopté et de citer leurs résultats probants (l’Autriche, la République tchèque et la Slovaquie, notamment, ont une fraction de nos cas et de nos morts). On pourrait ajouter qu’il n’existe aucun contre-exemple, soit un pays qui aurait adopté le masque et n’aurait pas réussi à ralentir la pandémie de façon importante. Une forte corrélation n’est cependant pas causalité.</p></div><aside class="cli cli-related-articles cli-related-articles--no-images"><div class="cli-related-articles__content-wrapper"><h2 class="cli-related-articles__title">À LIRE AUSSI</h2><a class="cli-related-articles__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/deconfinement-quebec-covid-19_qc_5ebbfdf3c5b6ac90c5bae2cd" data-ylk="subsec:related-stories;itc:1"><h3 class="cli-related-articles__headline">Pas encore assez de masques pour le rendre obligatoire, dit Legault</h3></a><a class="cli-related-articles__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/ne-brisez-pas-horacio_qc_5ebc14f0c5b62bd583745c1a" data-ylk="subsec:related-stories;itc:1"><h3 class="cli-related-articles__headline">Ne brisez pas Horacio</h3></a><a class="cli-related-articles__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/personne-pour-nous-proteger-en-ce-moment-enseignante-demissionne_qc_5ebad419c5b6e711d464f59b" data-ylk="subsec:related-stories;itc:1"><h3 class="cli-related-articles__headline">«On n'a personne pour nous protéger en ce moment»: une enseignante démissionne</h3></a></div></aside><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Heureusement, la science nous éclaire. On sait depuis bien avant l’apparition de la <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/feature/coronavirus" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:8;pos:1;elm:context_link">COVID-19</a> que des masques peuvent être efficaces pour ralentir la propagation des virus, incluant des coronavirus (comme le SRAS, par exemple). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993921/" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:8;pos:2;elm:context_link">Une métaétude du réputé groupe Cochrane</a>, recensant les résultats de 67 études, a conclu que l’utilisation du masque pouvait réduire la transmission jusqu’à 68%. C’est énorme! (Cette métaétude avait aussi conclu que le port du masque est plus efficace que de se laver les mains 11 fois par jour.)</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>De <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1PiKdIiNHA" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:10;pos:1;elm:context_link">multiples</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqOUtt1Ddq8&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR1JkAbRIReSVwnWa_VLbeCgRdLoGIAVMetbWYzM_iU1s2iFFVspJgMgvOc" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:10;pos:2;elm:context_link">démonstrations</a> ont attesté de l’efficacité du masque artisanal à retenir les particules. Il est dommage que le principal conseiller du premier ministre, le Dr Horacio Arruda, continue à mettre en doute l’efficacité du masque en tissus comme il l’a encore fait mardi. Cet entêtement, non appuyé par la science, est mortel.</p></div><figure class="cli cli-image js-no-inject"><div class="img-sized"><div class="img-sized__placeholder" style="width:720px"><div style="padding-top:55.833333333333336%"></div></div><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5ebd4b3a220000c814828ba3.png?ops=scalefit_720_noupscale&format=webp"/><img class="img-sized__img landscape" loading="lazy" alt="Une diminution de 10, 20 ou 30 % de la propagation de la COVID-19 au Québec aurait pu donner un portrait fort différent de celui que nous connaissons maintenant. " width="720" height="402" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5ebd4b3a220000c814828ba3.png?ops=scalefit_720_noupscale"/></picture></div><div class="cli-image__spacer"></div><div class="cli-image__credit" aria-label="Image Credit: Patrick Déry"><span aria-hidden="true">Patrick Déry</span></div><figcaption class="cli-image__caption">Une diminution de 10, 20 ou 30 % de la propagation de la COVID-19 au Québec aurait pu donner un portrait fort différent de celui que nous connaissons maintenant. </figcaption></figure><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>À titre d’exemple, si le taux de propagation quotidien (le «taux d’intérêt de la COVID-19») avait été réduit de 30% depuis le premier cas détecté au Québec, on aurait présentement moins de 3000 cas (je n’ai pas oublié de zéro), au lieu de 40 000. Des simulations <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://ricochet.media/fr/3103/les-masques-encore-plus-efficaces-que-la-distanciation-physique" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:11;pos:1;elm:context_link">réalisées grâce à l’intelligence artificielle et utilisant les données empiriques</a> dans les pays où l’on a adopté le masque vont dans le même sens. Même une <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://twitter.com/Patrickdery/status/1260035807802318850" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:11;pos:2;elm:context_link">diminution de seulement 10% de la propagation quotidienne</a> aurait permis de réduire le nombre de cas au Québec de plus de la moitié, et sans doute aussi le nombre de morts.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><h3><strong>3- Il y a des enjeux avec la Charte des droits et libertés</strong></h3></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Personne ne contestera le fait qu’un avocat créatif et déterminé puisse compliquer l’application d’à peu près n’importe quelle mesure gouvernementale. Nos tribunaux ont cependant reconnu à de multiples reprises que les droits individuels n’étaient pas absolus <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://www.justice.gc.ca/fra/sjc-csj/dlc-rfc/ccdl-ccrf/check/art1.html" role="link" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;itc:0;cpos:15;pos:1;elm:context_link">et qu’ils pouvaient être restreints par des mesures raisonnables, rationnelles et proportionnelles</a>. Il y a peu de doute qu’une urgence sanitaire satisfait ces critères.</p></div><blockquote class="cli cli-pullquote"><div class="cli-pullquote__placeholder"></div><div class="cli-pullquote__content"><p class="cli-pullquote__quote accent-cli">«Il y a une limite à réfléchir sur la quantité d’eau à utiliser alors que le feu est pris.»</p></div></blockquote><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>L’éventualité judiciaire n’a d’ailleurs pas empêché des gouvernements précédents d’aller de l’avant pour interdire la cigarette dans les endroits publics pour des motifs sanitaires. Pourtant, on n’attrape pas un cancer du poumon en quelques secondes! Il est d’ailleurs assez étonnant de voir un gouvernement qui a utilisé le bâillon législatif pour faire adopter son projet de loi sur la laïcité – qui restreint sans aucun doute les droits individuels, peu importe de quel côté du débat on se situe – soit en train de tergiverser sur un hypothétique droit inaliénable à rendre les autres malades…</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>***</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Notre gouvernement a déjà pris beaucoup trop de temps à simplement recommander l’adoption d’une mesure simple, sans danger, et dont les preuves s’accumulent quant à l’efficacité à endiguer la progression de la pandémie.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Il y a une limite à réfléchir sur la quantité d’eau à utiliser alors que le feu est pris. Comme la distanciation à deux mètres est impraticable à Montréal – à moins de revenir deux cents ans en arrière – , on doit faire tout ce qui peut permettre de sauver des vies et de reprendre notre vie normale. C’est sans compter qu’une simple «recommandation» sera ingérable au quotidien pour les commerces, qui seront hésitants à mécontenter leur clientèle.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Imposer le port du masque dans le transport en commun et les commerces est une mesure rationnelle et raisonnable, qui entraîne des inconvénients minimes et des bénéfices potentiels importants. Ceux qui s’y opposent n’auront qu’à marcher ou faire leurs achats en ligne.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text "><p>Le gouvernement doit agir d’urgence, la prépondérance de la preuve est forte et des vies sont en jeu.</p></div></section></section><section data-rapid="marko-sec" class="entry__extra js-extra-content-list" id="entry-extra"><section class="entry__content-list js-entry-content"></section></section><div data-spotim-module="pitc" id="spot_pitc"></div><section data-rapid="marko-sec" id="entry-footer"><section class="entry__corrections"><a aria-label="Cliquez pour envoyer une correction" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/mailto:nouvelles@huffingtonpost.com?subject=Correction%3A%20Cessons%20de%20tourner%20autour%20du%20masque&body=https%3A%2F%2Fquebec.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Fcessons-tourner-autour-masque_qc_5ebd452bc5b6d9e9debdaf93">Envoyer une correction</a></section><section class="entry__tags"><div class="entry__tags__more" aria-label="Read more in the following topics"><span aria-hidden="true">Plus:</span></div><a class="entry__tag" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/news/covid-19/" data-ylk="subsec:topic-tag;itc:0;cpos:0">Covid-19</a><a class="entry__tag" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/news/perspectives/" data-ylk="subsec:topic-tag;itc:0;cpos:1">perspectives</a><a class="entry__tag" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/news/sante-publique/" data-ylk="subsec:topic-tag;itc:0;cpos:2">santé publique</a><a class="entry__tag" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/news/opinion/" data-ylk="subsec:topic-tag;itc:0;cpos:3">opinion</a><a class="entry__tag" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/news/masques/" data-ylk="subsec:topic-tag;itc:0;cpos:4">masques</a></section></section></div></article><div class="below-entry-content"><div data-rapid="marko-sec" id="author-footer"><div class="entry__author-cards"><div class="entry__author-cards-content-wrapper"><div class="author-card author-card--no-social"><figure class="author-card__headshot"><div class="author-card__headshot-img img-sized img-sized--responsive"><div class="img-sized__placeholder"><div style="padding-top:100%"></div></div><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5ff7334a24000030328adf38.png?ops=100_100&format=webp"/><img class="img-sized__img portrait" loading="lazy" alt="Patrick Déry - Chroniqueur et analyste de politiques publiques" width="100" height="100" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5ff7334a24000030328adf38.png?ops=100_100"/></picture></div></figure><h2 class="author-card__name"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331083333/https://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/author/patrick-dery" aria-label="More from Patrick Déry" data-ylk="itc:0;cpos:0"><span aria-hidden="true">Patrick Déry</span></a></h2><p class="author-card__mini-bio">Chroniqueur et analyste de politiques publiques</p><div class="author-card__social"><div class="social-buttons"><div class="social-buttons__icons"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="taboola-container"><div class="advertisement ad-below-entry-recirc"><div id="readmo-00454ecab39e4f56af54cc5939c75f0b"></div></div></div></div><div class="archive-notice archive-notice--bottom"><div class="archive-notice__text">Cet article fait partie des archives en ligne du HuffPost Canada, qui ont fermé en 2021. 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