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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moral_and_religious_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moral_and_religious_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Moral and religious influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moral_and_religious_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tōhō-gata_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tōhō-gata_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tōhō-gata techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tōhō-gata_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seitei-gata_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seitei-gata_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Seitei-gata techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seitei-gata_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata_under_the_respective_iaido_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata_under_the_respective_iaido_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kata under the respective iaido organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kata_under_the_respective_iaido_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kata under the respective iaido organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kata_under_the_respective_iaido_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tōhō_Iaido" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tōhō_Iaido"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tōhō Iaido</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tōhō_Iaido-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seitei_Iaido" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seitei_Iaido"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Seitei Iaido</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seitei_Iaido-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Other organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Iaido_Sport_Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Iaido_Sport_Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International Iaido Sport Competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Iaido_Sport_Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Iaido</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="إيايدو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيايدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C3%B3" title="Iaidó – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iaidó" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Ιάιντο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιάιντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ایی‌آی‌دو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایی‌آی‌دو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%8F%84" title="거합도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="거합도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95" title="איאיידו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איאיידו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C3%B3" title="Iaidó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iaidó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%90%88%E9%81%93" title="居合道 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="居合道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaydo" title="Iaydo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iaydo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Иайдо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иайдо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C3%B3" title="Iaidó – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iaidó" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C5%8D" title="Iaidō – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iaidō" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iaido" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="อิไอโด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิไอโด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0aido" title="İaido – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İaido" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%90%88%E9%81%93" title="居合道 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="居合道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iaido" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Iaido" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese martial art</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">Iaijutsu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Batt%C5%8Djutsu" title="Battōjutsu">Battōjutsu</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Iai" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/IAI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="IAI (disambiguation)">IAI (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Iaidō<br />居合道<br />いあいどう</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Weaponry" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaponry">Weaponry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hardness</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">Forms</a> competitions only.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parenthood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">Iaijutsu</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sport2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sport2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Draeger1974Page67-68_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draeger1974Page67-68-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Olympic sport</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Iaidō</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">居合道</span></span>)</span>, abbreviated <i>iai</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">居合</span></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese martial art">Japanese martial art</a> that emphasizes being aware and capable of quickly drawing <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">the sword</a> and responding to sudden attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia553_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia553-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iaido consists of four main components: the smooth, controlled movements of drawing the <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> from its <a href="/wiki/Scabbard" title="Scabbard">scabbard</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Saya_(scabbard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saya (scabbard)">saya</a>), striking or cutting an opponent, shaking blood from the blade, and replacing the sword in the scabbard.<sup id="cite_ref-Sport2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sport2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While beginning practitioners of iaido<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may start learning with a wooden sword (<a href="/wiki/Bokut%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Bokutō">bokutō</a> 木刀) depending on the teaching style of a particular instructor, most of the practitioners use a blunt-edged sword called an <a href="/wiki/Iait%C5%8D" title="Iaitō">iaitō</a> or <i>mogitō</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ArmstrongPage32_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmstrongPage32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few, more experienced, iaido practitioners use a sharp-edged sword (<i><a href="/wiki/Shinken" title="Shinken">shinken</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage102_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage102-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Practitioners of iaido are called <i>iaidoka</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FlashingPage314-315_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlashingPage314-315-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_the_name">Origins of the name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins of the name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sensei_iaido-rework.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sensei_iaido-rework.jpg/200px-Sensei_iaido-rework.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sensei_iaido-rework.jpg/300px-Sensei_iaido-rework.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Sensei_iaido-rework.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Haruna Matsuo sensei (1925–2002) demonstrating Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu kata <i>Ukenagashi</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The term "iaido" appears in 1932 and consists of the <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">居</span></span></span> (i), <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">合</span></span></span> (ai), and <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">道</span></span></span> (dō).<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin of the first two characters, <i>iai</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">居合</span></span>)</span>, is believed to come from saying <i>Tsune ni ite, kyū ni awasu</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">常に居て、急に合わす</span></span>)</span>, which can be roughly translated as "being constantly (prepared), match/meet (the opposition) immediately".<sup id="cite_ref-ejmas_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ejmas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the primary emphasis in 'iai' is on the psychological state of being present (居). The secondary emphasis is on drawing the sword and responding by harmonising with a sudden attack as quickly as possible (合). </p><p>The last character, <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">道</span></span></span>, is generally translated into English as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">the way</a> or path. The term "iaido" approximately translates into English as "the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">way</a> of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:居">mental presence</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:合">immediate reaction</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SamuraiZen_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamuraiZen-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was popularized by <a href="/wiki/Nakayama_Hakudo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakayama Hakudo">Nakayama Hakudo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term emerged from <a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">iaijutsu</a> and the general trend to replace the suffix <i>-jutsu</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">術</span></span>)</span> ("the art of") with <i>-dō</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">道</span></span>)</span> in Japanese martial arts in order to emphasize the philosophical or spiritual aspects of the practice.<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iaido encompasses hundreds of styles of swordsmanship, all of which subscribe to non-combative aims and purposes. Iaido is an intrinsic form of Japanese modern <a href="/wiki/Bud%C5%8D" title="Budō">budo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iaido is a reflection of the morals of the classical warrior and to build a spiritually harmonious person possessed of high intellect, sensitivity, and resolute will.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner1982100_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner1982100-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iaido is for the most part performed solo as an issue of kata, executing changed strategies against single or various fanciful rivals. Every kata starts and finishes with the sword sheathed. Regardless of the sword method, creative ability and concentration are required to maintain the feeling of a genuine battle and to keep the kata new. Iaidoka are often expected to practice <a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">kendo</a> to maintain the combative spirit. It is normal for high-ranking kendoka to hold high rank in iaido as well, and vice versa. </p><p>To perform the kata appropriately, iaidoka likewise learn carriage, development, grip and swing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="You can help -- (March 2017)">definition needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At times iaidoka will practice complementary kata from kendo or kenjutsu. Unlike kendo, iaido practice never involves sparring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moral_and_religious_influences">Moral and religious influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Moral and religious influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The metaphysical aspects of iaido have been influenced by several philosophical and religious currents. Iaido blends the ethics of <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, methods of <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>, philosophical <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, the purifying rites of <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> and aspects of <a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">bushido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner1982101_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner1982101-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tōhō-gata_techniques"><span id="T.C5.8Dh.C5.8D-gata_techniques"></span>Tōhō-gata techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tōhō-gata techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_All_Japan_Iaido_Federation_(ZNIR,_Zen_Nihon_Iaido_Renmei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR, Zen Nihon Iaido Renmei) (page does not exist)">The All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR, Zen Nihon Iaido Renmei)</a></div> <p>A set of five koryu iaido forms </p> <ol><li><i>Mae-giri</i> from Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū School</li> <li><i>Zengo-giri</i> from Mugai-ryū School</li> <li><i>Kiri-age</i> from Shindō Munen-ryū School</li> <li><i>Shihō-giri</i> from Suiō-ryū School</li> <li><i>Kissaki-gaeshi</i> from Hōki-ryū School</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seitei-gata_techniques">Seitei-gata techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Seitei-gata techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zen_Nippon_Kend%C5%8D_Renmei_Iaid%C5%8D" title="Zen Nippon Kendō Renmei Iaidō">Zen Nippon Kendō Renmei Iaidō</a></div> <p>The 12 official <a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">kata</a> currently recognised by the <a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Kendo_Federation" title="All Japan Kendo Federation">All Japan Kendo Federation</a> are (in Romanised form):<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Mae</i></li> <li><i>Ushiro</i></li> <li><i>Ukenagashi</i></li> <li><i>Tsuka-ate</i></li> <li><i>Kesagiri</i></li> <li><i>Morote-tsuki</i></li> <li><i>Sanpōgiri</i></li> <li><i>Ganmen-ate</i></li> <li><i>Soete-zuki</i></li> <li><i>Shihōgiri</i></li> <li><i>Sōgiri</i></li> <li><i>Nukiuchi</i></li></ol> <p>Because iaido is practiced with a weapon, it is almost entirely practiced using solitary forms, or <a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">kata</a> performed against one or more imaginary opponents. Multiple-person kata exist in some schools of iaido; for safety, iaidoka usually use bokken for such kata practice. Iaido does include competition in the form of <a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">kata</a>, but does not use sparring of any kind. Because of this non-fighting practice, and iaido's emphasis on precise, controlled, fluid motion, it is sometimes referred to as "moving <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-SamuraiZen_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamuraiZen-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the styles and schools do not practice <i><a href="/wiki/Tameshigiri" title="Tameshigiri">tameshigiri</a></i>, cutting techniques. </p><p>A part of iaido is <i>nukitsuke</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a quick draw of the sword, accomplished by simultaneously drawing the sword from the <i>saya</i> and also moving the <i>saya</i> back in <i>saya-biki</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Early history (prior to the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> in 1868) read more in the article <a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">Iaijutsu</a>.</div> <p>Iaido started in the mid-1500s. Hayashizaki Jinsuke Shigenobu (1542 - 1621) is generally acknowledged as the organizer of Iaido. There were many different Koryu (customary schools), however just a few remain practiced today. Just about every one of them additionally concentrate on more seasoned school created amid 16-seventeenth century, in the same way as Muso-Shinden-ryu, Hoki-ryu, Muso-Jikiden-Eishin-ryu, Shinto-Munen-ryu, Tamiya-ryu, Yagyu-Shinkage-ryu, Mugai-ryu, Sekiguchi-ryu, et cetera. </p><p>After the collapse of the Japanese feudal system in 1868, the founders of the modern disciplines borrowed from the theory and the practice of classical disciplines as they had studied or practiced.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founding in 1895 of the <a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Butoku_Kai" title="Dai Nippon Butoku Kai">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai</a> (DNBK) 大日本武徳会 (lit. "Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society") in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNBKHonbu2012_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNBKHonbu2012-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was also an important contribution to the development of modern Japanese swordsmanship. In 1932 DNBK officially approved and recognized the Japanese discipline, <i>iaido</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-DNBKHistory2012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNBKHistory2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this year was the first time the term <i>iaido</i> appeared in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SamuraiZen_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamuraiZen-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this initiative the modern forms of swordsmanship is organised in several iaido organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-Draeger1974Page67-68_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draeger1974Page67-68-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the post-war occupation of Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Butoku_Kai" title="Dai Nippon Butoku Kai">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai</a> and its affiliates were disbanded by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a> in the period 1945–1950. However, in 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Butoku_Kai" title="Dai Nippon Butoku Kai">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai</a> was reestablished and the practice of the Japanese martial disciplines began again.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Zen Nippon Iaido Renmei, <a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Iaido_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="All Japan Iaido Federation">All Japan Iaido Federation</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">全日本居合道連盟</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Zen Nippon Iaido Renmei</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> (ZNIR) was founded in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, the Kokusai Budoin, <a href="/wiki/International_Martial_Arts_Federation" title="International Martial Arts Federation">International Martial Arts Federation</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">国際武道院・国際武道連盟</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kokusai Budoin Kokusai Budo Renmei</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> (IMAF) was founded in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imaffaq_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imaffaq-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IMAF is a Japanese organization promoting international <a href="/wiki/Bud%C5%8D" title="Budō">Budō</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-JCSMA_50_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCSMA_50-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has seven divisions representing the various Japanese martial arts, including iaido.<sup id="cite_ref-IMAF-Divisions_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMAF-Divisions-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1952, the <a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Kendo_Federation" title="All Japan Kendo Federation">All Japan Kendo Federation</a> (ZNKR) was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-FIK-history_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIK-history-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon formation of various organizations overseeing martial arts, a problem of commonality appeared. Since members of the organization were drawn from various backgrounds, and had experience practicing different schools of iaido, there arose a need for a common set of kata, that would be known by all members of organization, and that could be used for fair grading of practitioner's skill. Two of the largest Japanese organizations, All Japan Kendo Federation (ZNKR)<sup id="cite_ref-FIK-history_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIK-history-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR), each created their own representative set of kata for this purpose. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sayuri_Iaido.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sayuri_Iaido.JPG/220px-Sayuri_Iaido.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sayuri_Iaido.JPG/330px-Sayuri_Iaido.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sayuri_Iaido.JPG/440px-Sayuri_Iaido.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Japanese girl practicing iaido with a custom-made student's <a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">katana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Iait%C5%8D" title="Iaitō">iaitō</a>. In modern Japan, iaido is seen as one of the traditional martial arts and it can be practiced by both genders.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kata_under_the_respective_iaido_organizations">Kata under the respective iaido organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kata under the respective iaido organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tōhō_Iaido"><span id="T.C5.8Dh.C5.8D_Iaido"></span>Tōhō Iaido</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tōhō Iaido"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR, <i>Zen Nihon Iaido Renmei</i>, founded 1948) has a set of five koryu iaido forms, called Tōhō, contributed from the five major schools whose teachers were involved in the creation of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C5%8D_Jikiden_Eishin-ry%C5%AB" title="Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū">Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū</a> School founded during the late Muromachi period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1590</span>). ('Mae-giri')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugai-ry%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mugai-ryū">Mugai-ryū</a> School founded in 1695. ('Zengo-giri')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shind%C5%8D_Munen-ry%C5%AB" title="Shindō Munen-ryū">Shindō Munen-ryū</a> School founded in the early 1700s. ('Kiri-age')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Suiō-ryū">Suiō-ryū</a> School founded during the late Sengoku period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span>). ('Shihō-giri')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dki-ry%C5%AB" title="Hōki-ryū">Hōki-ryū</a> School founded during the late Muromachi period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1590</span>). ('Kissaki-gaeshi')</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seitei_Iaido">Seitei Iaido</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Seitei Iaido"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zen_Nippon_Kendo_Renmei_Iaido" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei Iaido">Seitei or Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei Iaido</a> (制定) are technical forms based on <i>seitei-gata</i>, or standard forms of sword-drawing techniques, created by the Zen Nihon Kendo Renmei (All Japan Kendo Federation).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This standard set of iaido kata was created in 1969 by a committee formed by the All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF, <i>Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei</i> or ZNKR).<sup id="cite_ref-Zen_Nippon_Kendo_Renmei_Iai_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zen_Nippon_Kendo_Renmei_Iai-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The twelve Seitei iaido forms (<i>seitei-gata</i>) are standardised for the tuition, promotion and propagation of iaido at the iaido clubs, that are members of the regional Kendo federations. All dojos, that are members of the regional Kendo federations teach this set. Since member federations of International Kendo Federation (FIK) uses seitei gata as a standard for their iaido exams and <i>shiai</i>, <i>seitei iaido</i> has become the most widely practised form of iaido in Japan and the rest of the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_organizations">Other organizations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Single-style federations usually do not have a standardized "grading" set of kata, and use kata from their koryu curriculum for grading and demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools">Schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iaido2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iaido2.jpg/200px-Iaido2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iaido2.jpg/300px-Iaido2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Iaido2.jpg/400px-Iaido2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Iaido in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> as demonstrated by Victor Cook Sensei</figcaption></figure> <p>Many iaido organisations promote sword technique from the <a href="/wiki/Seiza" title="Seiza">seiza</a> (sitting position) and refer to their art as <i>iaido</i>. One of the popular versions of these is the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C5%8D_Shinden-ry%C5%AB" title="Musō Shinden-ryū">Musō Shinden-ryū</a> 夢想神伝流, an iaido system created by <a href="/wiki/Nakayama_Hakud%C5%8D" title="Nakayama Hakudō">Nakayama Hakudō</a> (1872–1958) in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C5%8D_Shinden-ry%C5%AB" title="Musō Shinden-ryū">Musō Shinden-ryū</a> is an interpretation of one of the Jinsuke-Eishin lines, called Shimomura-ha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner198290_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner198290-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other line of Jinsuke-Eishin, called Tanimura-ha, was created by Gotō Magobei Masasuke (died 1898) and Ōe Masaji Shikei (1852–1927). It was Ōe Masaji Shikei who began formally referring to his iaido branch as the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C5%8D_Jikiden_Eishin-ry%C5%AB" title="Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū">Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū</a> 無双直伝英信流 during the Taishō era (1912–1926).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another popular iai school mostly found worldwide is <a href="/wiki/Mugai_ryu" title="Mugai ryu">Mugai ryu</a>. Mugai-ryū (無外流) or "Outer Nothingness School" is a Japanese koryū martial art school founded by Tsuji Gettan Sukemochi (辻月丹資茂) on 23 June 1680. Its formal name is Mugai Shinden Kenpō (無外真伝剣法). Actually in the beginning, Mugai Ryu started as kenjutsu only school, but sent and recommended its disciples to learn another koryu named "Jikyo-ryu iaijutsu", and after Jikyo ryu vanished without any successor. It is renamed Mugai ryu iaijutsu/iaido up until today. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyama-Ryu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Toyama-Ryu.jpg/220px-Toyama-Ryu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Toyama-Ryu.jpg/330px-Toyama-Ryu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Toyama-Ryu.jpg/440px-Toyama-Ryu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2849" data-file-height="3370" /></a><figcaption>US dojo emblem</figcaption></figure> <p>Another popular Iaido school is <b><a href="/wiki/Toyama-ry%C5%AB" title="Toyama-ryū">Toyama-ryū</a></b> (戸山流), which was established in 1925 in Japan. It was created by the Japanese army during World War II to create a simplified form. This style emphasizes the most important aspects of drawing and cutting. After the war it became obsolete, but was revived after 1952. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks">Ranks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">Dan (rank)</a></div> <p>Ranking in iaido depends on the school and/or the member federations to which a particular school belongs. Iaido as it is practiced by the <a href="/wiki/International_Kendo_Federation" title="International Kendo Federation">International Kendo Federation</a> (FIK) and All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR) uses the <a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">kyu-dan</a> system, created in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern kendo is almost entirely governed by the FIK, including the ranking system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner198264_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner198264-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iaido is commonly associated with either the FIK or the ZNIR, although there are many extant <a href="/wiki/Kory%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koryū">koryū</a> which may potentially use the <a href="/wiki/Menkyo" title="Menkyo">menkyo</a> system of grading, or a different system entirely. Iaido as governed by the FIK establishes 10th dan as the maximum attainable rank, though there are no living 10th practitioners in Kendo, there still remains many in Iaido. While there are some living 9th dan practitioners of kendo, the <a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Kendo_Federation" title="All Japan Kendo Federation">All Japan Kendo Federation</a> only currently awards up to 8th dan. Most other member federations of the FIK have followed suit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Iaido_Sport_Competition">International Iaido Sport Competition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International Iaido Sport Competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG/220px-1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG/330px-1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG/440px-1%C2%BA_Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Iaido.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Medals and cups are a part of iaido in connection with sport games.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iaido, in its modern form, is practiced as a competitive sport,<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia553_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia553-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> separately regulated by the <a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Kendo_Federation" title="All Japan Kendo Federation">All Japan Kendo Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Iaido_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="All Japan Iaido Federation">All Japan Iaido Federations</a>. </p><p>An iaido competition consists of two or more iaidoka performing their <a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">kata</a> next to each other and simultaneously. The competitors will be judged by a panel of judges according to the standardized regulations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Kendo_Federation" title="European Kendo Federation">European Kendo Federation</a> has arranged European iaido championships since 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-ekf-eic_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekf-eic-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this competition continues to be held every year with a few exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisations">Organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many national and regional organisations manage and promote iaido activities. The following is a list of international organisations which include iaido: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Butoku_Kai" title="Dai Nippon Butoku Kai">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai</a> (DNBK), established in 1895 in Kyoto,<sup id="cite_ref-DNBKHonbu2012_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNBKHonbu2012-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approved and recognized the discipline iaido.<sup id="cite_ref-DNBKHistory2012_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNBKHistory2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Martial_Arts_Federation" title="International Martial Arts Federation">International Martial Arts Federation</a> (IMAF) was established in Kyoto in 1952 and is dedicated to the promotion and development of the martial arts worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-imaffaq_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imaffaq-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including iaido.<sup id="cite_ref-IMAF-Divisions_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMAF-Divisions-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_Kendo_Federation" title="International Kendo Federation">International Kendo Federation</a> (FIK), established in 1970, an international organization for Kendo, Iaido and Jodo practitioners, which many national Kendo federations are a member of.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Iaido_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="All Japan Iaido Federation">All Japan Iaido Federation</a> (or Zen Nippon Iaido Renmei) (ZNIR) was established in 1954 "in accordance with the Japanese bushido spirit to pass on the time-honoured system of Kobudo Iaido".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The World <a href="/wiki/Mus%C5%8D_Jikiden_Eishin-ry%C5%AB" title="Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū">Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū</a> Iaido Federation, established in Tokyo in 2011, is dedicated to ensuring the orthodox transmission of MJER Iaido to future generations worldwide, as well as promoting and preserving the development of other schools.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zen Nihon Toyama Ryu Iaido Renmei (ZNTIR) established in Machida Japan after WW II was created as "Toyama-Ryu Shinko kai" established by Tokutomi Tasaburo and Nakamura Taizaburo who were Gunto Soho instructors at the Toyama Ryu Military Academy for the Japanese Imperial Army. Over time the "Toyama-Ryu Shinko-Kai" was renamed as Zen Nihon Toyama Ryu Iaido Renmei, and practice eight kata from a derivative of Gunto Soho. </p><p>Murayama City, the birthplace of iaido, operates a number of iaido experience and training programs. This includes training with some of the iaido masters and english speaking teachers in Yamagata. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iaido" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iaido">Iaido</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batt%C5%8Djutsu" title="Battōjutsu">Battōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_draw" title="Fast draw">Fast draw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">Iaijutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">Kendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenjutsu" title="Kenjutsu">Kenjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">Samurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Nippon_Kendo_Renmei_Iaido" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei Iaido">Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei Iaido</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sport2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sport2012_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sport2012_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Nauright, Charles Parrish, edited (2012) <i>Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice</i>. ABC-CLIO. Page 226. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-300-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-300-2">978-1-59884-300-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Draeger1974Page67-68-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Draeger1974Page67-68_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Draeger1974Page67-68_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Draeger, Donn F. (1974) Modern bujutsu & Budo - The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan. (Vol. III). New York: Weatherhill. Page 67-68. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8348-0351-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8348-0351-8">0-8348-0351-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2012" class="citation cs2">Hall, David A., ed. (2012), <i>Encyclopedia of Japanese Martial Arts</i>, (Reviewing.) Irie Kōhei, Omiya Shirō and Koike Masaru., New York, USA: Kodansha USA, Inc., p. 168, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56836-410-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56836-410-0"><bdi>978-1-56836-410-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Japanese+Martial+Arts&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Kodansha+USA%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-56836-410-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia553-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia553_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia553_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christensen, Karen and Allen Guttmann et.al (2001) <i>International Encyclopedia of Women and Sports: H-R</i>. Macmillan Reference USA, Page 553.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2009" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Mandy (2009-04-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/fashion/16physicalculture.html?pagewanted=2&%2334;H%C3%83%C2%A9lio%20gracie&sq&st=cse&%2334;&scp=3">"Choose Your Weapon: Exotic Martial Arts"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Choose+Your+Weapon%3A+Exotic+Martial+Arts&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Mandy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F16%2Ffashion%2F16physicalculture.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26%252334%3BH%25C3%2583%25C2%25A9lio%2520gracie%26sq%26st%3Dcse%26%252334%3B%26scp%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmstrongPage32-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArmstrongPage32_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) <i>The koryu Bujutsu Experience</i> in Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan (ed. by Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 31. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-890536-04-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-890536-04-0">1-890536-04-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WarnerPage102-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage102_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraegerWarner1982" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Donn_F._Draeger" title="Donn F. Draeger">Draeger, Donn F.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Warner" title="Gordon Warner">Warner, Gordon</a> (1982), <i>Japanese Swordsmanship - Technique and Practice</i>, Boston/London: Weatherhill, p. 102, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8348-0236-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8348-0236-0"><bdi>978-0-8348-0236-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Swordsmanship+-+Technique+and+Practice&rft.place=Boston%2FLondon&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Weatherhill&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8348-0236-0&rft.aulast=Draeger&rft.aufirst=Donn+F.&rft.au=Warner%2C+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FlashingPage314-315-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FlashingPage314-315_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pellman, Leonard and Masayuki Shimabukuro (2008, 2nd edition) <i>Flashing Steel: Mastering Eishin-Ryu Swordsmanship</i>. Blue Snake Books. Page 314-315. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58394-197-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58394-197-3">978-1-58394-197-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WarnerPage79-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WarnerPage79_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDraegerWarner1982">Draeger & Warner (1982)</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Draeger, Donn F. 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English Version Manual, 5th edition, published March 2014, by All Japan Kendo Federation, Tokyo, Japan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suino, Nicklaus (2007) <i>Strategy in Japanese Swordsmanship</i>. Weatherhill. Page 38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59030-489-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59030-489-1">978-1-59030-489-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craig, Darrell (1981) <i>IAI The Art of Drawing the Sword</i>. Tuttle Publishing. 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Retrieved on November 13, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNBKHistory2012-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNBKHistory2012_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNBKHistory2012_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnbk.org/history.cfm">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai: History and philosophy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420225016/http://www.dnbk.org/history.cfm">Archived</a> 2009-04-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2012). Retrieved on November 13, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Draeger Donn. F. (1974) <i>Modern Bujutsu & Budo - The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan.</i> New York/London: Weatherhill. 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MEDSPORTPRESS, 2011; 1(2); Vol. 2, page 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMAF-Divisions-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMAF-Divisions_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMAF-Divisions_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026032057/http://imaf.com/divisions.html">"International Martial Arts Federation (IMAF) - Divisions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaf.com/divisions.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Irie Kōhei, Omiya Shirō and Koike Masaru., New York, USA: Kodansha USA, Inc., p. 335, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56836-410-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56836-410-0"><bdi>978-1-56836-410-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Japanese+Martial+Arts&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Kodansha+USA%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-56836-410-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fdcDAAAAMBAJ&dq=black+belt+development+dan+system&pg=PA64">The Belt Ranking Game</a>, May 1991. Page 64. <a href="/wiki/Black_Belt_(magazine)" title="Black Belt (magazine)">Black Belt Magazine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner198264-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegerWarner198264_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDraegerWarner1982">Draeger & Warner (1982)</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekf-eic-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ekf-eic_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekf-eu.com/downloads/ec_history%20-%20iaido.pdf">"EKF History - Iaido.pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ekf-eu.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EKF+History+-+Iaido.pdf&rft.pub=ekf-eu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekf-eu.com%2Fdownloads%2Fec_history%2520-%2520iaido.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekf-eu.com/index.php?page=iaido&content=championships">"European Kendo Federation - Iaido Championships"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Kendo+Federation+-+Iaido+Championships&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekf-eu.com%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Diaido%26content%3Dchampionships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016011912/http://www.kendo-fik.org/english-page/english-page2/What-is-IKF.htm">"What is FIK"</a>. International Kendo Federation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kendo-fik.org/english-page/english-page2/What-is-IKF.htm">the original</a> on 2013-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+FIK&rft.pub=International+Kendo+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kendo-fik.org%2Fenglish-page%2Fenglish-page2%2FWhat-is-IKF.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaido.ca/history/">"ZNIR/CIA History"</a>. <i>Canadian Iaido Association</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Iaido+Association&rft.atitle=ZNIR%2FCIA+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaido.ca%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mjer-iaido.github.io/en/about/">"About the Organization - World MJER Iaido Federation"</a>. <i>World MJER Iaido Federation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+MJER+Iaido+Federation&rft.atitle=About+the+Organization+-+World+MJER+Iaido+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjer-iaido.github.io%2Fen%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehiddenjapan.com/iaidoexperience">"Iaido Training Programs"</a>. 28 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iaido+Training+Programs&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehiddenjapan.com%2Fiaidoexperience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIaido" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaido&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following organisations are national Iaido federations in Japan: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kendo.or.jp/">All Japan Kendo Federation</a> (ZNKR/AJKF), a national organization for Kendo, Iaido and Jodo practitioners, member of FIK. <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060719150631/http://www.dnbk.org/">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK)</a> in Kyoto, a national - and international organisation for iaido in Japan.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaf.com">International Martial Arts Federation (IMAF)</a> in Kyoto, a national - and international organisation for iaido in Japan.</li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> copy) </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaido.or.jp/">All Japan Iaido Federation</a> (Specialized information site ZNIR). <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605164006/http://www.nichiiren.or.jp/english/iaido.html">Japan Iaido Federation</a> (Nippon Iaido Renmei/NIR)</li></ul> <p>(Wayback Machine copy) Iaido in the United States is under the auspices of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auskf.info/iaido-new/index.htm">All-US Kendo Federation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217134436/http://www.auskf.info/iaido-new/index.htm">Archived</a> 2020-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (AUSKF) and the various regional Kendo federations that are members of the AUSKF. </p><p>Iaido Training in Japan </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehiddenjapan.com/iaidoexperience">Iaido training in Murayama City</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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wrestling promotions in Japan">promotions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kobud%C5%8D" title="Kobudō">Kobudō</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bajutsu" title="Bajutsu">Bajutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batt%C5%8Djutsu" title="Battōjutsu">Battōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C5%8Djutsu" title="Bōjutsu">Bōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boryaku" title="Boryaku">Boryaku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hens%C5%8Djutsu" title="Hensōjutsu">Hensōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoj%C5%8Djutsu" title="Hojōjutsu">Hojōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">Iaijutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intonjutsu" title="Intonjutsu">Intonjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Jōdō">Jōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jittejutsu" title="Jittejutsu">Jittejutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kayakujutsu" title="Kayakujutsu">Kayakujutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenjutsu" title="Kenjutsu">Kenjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kusarigamajutsu" title="Kusarigamajutsu">Kusarigamajutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjutsu" title="Kyūjutsu">Kyūjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naginatajutsu" title="Naginatajutsu">Naginatajutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninjutsu" title="Ninjutsu">Ninjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_kobud%C5%8D" title="Okinawan kobudō">Okinawan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shugijutsu" title="Shugijutsu">Shugijutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shurikenjutsu" title="Shurikenjutsu">Shurikenjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Djutsu" title="Sōjutsu">Sōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suijutsu" title="Suijutsu">Suijutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taijutsu" title="Taijutsu">Taijutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tantojutsu" title="Tantojutsu">Tantojutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenmon" title="Tenmon">Tenmon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tessenjutsu" title="Tessenjutsu">Tessenjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Gendai_bud%C5%8D" title="Gendai budō">Gendai budō</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu" title="Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu">Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iaido</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jieitaikakut%C5%8Djutsu" title="Jieitaikakutōjutsu">Jieitaikakutōjutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABkend%C5%8D" title="Jūkendō">Jūkendō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">Kendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kūdō">Kūdō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kyūdō">Kyūdō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kempo" title="Nippon Kempo">Nippon Kempo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shorinji_Kempo" title="Shorinji Kempo">Shorinji Kempo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoot_boxing" title="Shoot boxing">Shoot boxing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taid%C5%8D" title="Taidō">Taidō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiho-jutsu" title="Taiho-jutsu">Taiho-jutsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zero_Range_Combat" title="Zero Range Combat">Zero Range Combat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aiki_(martial_arts_principle)" title="Aiki (martial arts principle)">Aiki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atemi" title="Atemi">Atemi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bud%C5%8D" title="Budō">Budō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bugei_j%C5%ABhappan" title="Bugei jūhappan">Bugei jūhappan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dojo" title="Dojo">Dojo</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Heya_(sumo)" title="Heya (sumo)">Heya</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenp%C5%8D" title="Kenpō">Kenpō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuzushi" title="Kuzushi">Kuzushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maai" title="Maai">Maai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushin_(mental_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushin (mental state)">Mushin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">Randori</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%AB_(school)" title="Ryū (school)">Ryū</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ko-ry%C5%AB" title="Ko-ryū">Ko-ryū</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uchi-deshi" title="Uchi-deshi">Uchi-deshi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zanshin" title="Zanshin">Zanshin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_martial_arts" title="Category:Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial arts</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Martial_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:LightPurple"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martial_arts" title="Template:Martial arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martial_arts" title="Template talk:Martial arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martial_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martial arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martial_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">Martial arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts" title="List of martial arts">List of styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_martial_arts" title="History of martial arts">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_timeline" title="Martial arts timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mixed_martial_arts_records" title="List of mixed martial arts records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_techniques" title="Hard and soft techniques">Hard and soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: LightPurple;"><div id="Classification" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classification</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts" title="List of martial arts">Regional origin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_martial_arts" title="Italian martial arts">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_martial_arts" title="Okinawan martial arts">Okinawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_martial_arts" title="Mainland Southeast Asia martial arts">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" title="Filipino martial arts">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">Unarmed <br />techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arm strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">Chokehold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(combat)" title="Punch (combat)">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_(strike)" title="Elbow (strike)">Elbow strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinch_fighting" title="Clinch fighting">Clinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_fighting" title="Ground fighting">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headbutt" title="Headbutt">Headbutt</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leg strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(martial_arts)" title="Footwork (martial arts)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick" title="Kick">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_kick" title="Flying kick">Flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_(strike)" title="Knee (strike)">Knee strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomp_(strike)" title="Stomp (strike)">Stomp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_lock" title="Joint lock">Joint lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_(martial_arts)" title="Sweep (martial arts)">Sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_(grappling)" title="Takedown (grappling)">Takedown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">Throw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_fighting" title="Stand-up fighting">Stand-up</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts_weapons" title="List of martial arts weapons">Weapons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duel" title="Duel">Duel</a></li> <li>Melee weapons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knife_fight" title="Knife fight">Knife fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick-fighting" title="Stick-fighting">Stick-fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">Ranged weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">Training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_glove" title="Boxing glove">Boxing glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_practice_weapons" title="List of practice weapons">Practice weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punching_bag" title="Punching bag">Punching bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushing_hands" title="Pushing hands">Pushing hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">Randori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring">Sparring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barr%C3%B3g" title="Barróg">Barróg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Para_judo" title="Para judo">Para judo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luta_Livre" title="Luta Livre">Luta Livre esportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malla-yuddha" title="Malla-yuddha">Malla-yuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Pehlwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuai_jiao" title="Shuai jiao">Shuai jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wrestling" title="Mongolian wrestling">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_wrestling" title="Oil wrestling">oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">shoot</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strike_(attack)" title="Strike (attack)">Striking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando" title="Bando">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoeira" title="Capoeira">Capoeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choi_Kwang_Do" title="Choi Kwang Do">Choi Kwang Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambe" title="Dambe">Dambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kun_Khmer" title="Kun Khmer">Kun Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethwei" title="Lethwei">Lethwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Praying_Mantis" title="Northern Praying Mantis">Northern Praying Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_boxing" title="Russian boxing">Russian boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_(sport)" title="Sanda (sport)">Sanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_kung_fu" title="Shaolin kung fu">Shaolin kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_boxing" title="Shoot boxing">Shoot boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savate" title="Savate">Savate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Soo_Do" title="Tang Soo Do">Tang Soo Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan_Pai" title="Tien Shan Pai">Tien Shan Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vovinam" title="Vovinam">Vovinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudangquan" title="Wudangquan">Wudangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshukai_Karate" title="Yoshukai Karate">Yoshukai Karate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Internal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu" title="Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu">Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baguazhang" title="Baguazhang">Baguazhang</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_chi" title="Tai chi">Tai chi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xingyiquan" title="Xingyiquan">Xingyiquan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Full-contact" title="Contact sport">Full contact</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_boxing" title="Professional boxing">Professional boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_contact_karate" title="Full contact karate">Full contact karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">Mixed martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankration" title="Pankration">Pankration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootfighting" title="Shootfighting">Shootfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">Submission wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_Tudo" title="Vale Tudo">Vale Tudo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">Self-defense</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Combatives" title="Combatives">combatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Arnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartitsu" title="Bartitsu">Bartitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">Hapkido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajukenbo" title="Kajukenbo">Kajukenbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieitaikakut%C5%8Djutsu" title="Jieitaikakutōjutsu">Jieitaikakutōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">MCMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_Silat_Harimau" title="Pencak Silat Harimau">Pencak Silat Harimau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrajitsu" title="Suffrajitsu">Suffrajitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systema" title="Systema">Systema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekkyon" title="Taekkyon">Taekkyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To-Shin_Do" title="To-Shin Do">To-Shin Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism#Martial_arts" title="Eclecticism">Eclectic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_martial_arts" title="Hybrid martial arts">hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Kenpo" title="American Kenpo">American Kenpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angampora" title="Angampora">Angampora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Kuk_Do" class="mw-redirect" title="Chun Kuk Do">Chun Kuk Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokutoryu_Ju-Jutsu" title="Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu">Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeet_Kune_Do" title="Jeet Kune Do">Jeet Kune Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooto" title="Shooto">Shooto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorinji_Kempo" title="Shorinji Kempo">Shorinji Kempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unifight" title="Unifight">Unifight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwan_Ki_Do" title="Qwan Ki Do">Qwan Ki Do</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlefield" title="Battlefield">Battlefield</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banshay" title="Banshay">Banshay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Historical European martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiyen_Lallong" title="Huiyen Lallong">Huiyen Lallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krabi%E2%80%93krabong" title="Krabi–krabong">Krabi–krabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardani_khel" title="Mardani khel">Mardani khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">Marine Corps Martial Arts Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_Silat_Harimau" title="Pencak Silat Harimau">Pencak Silat Harimau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts film</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Chanbara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking_(martial_arts)" title="Tricking (martial arts)">Tricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: LightPurple;"><div id="International_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International games</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the Summer Olympics">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the Summer Olympics">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Karate at the Summer Olympics">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a>)</li> <li>Demonstration sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budo_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Budo at the 1964 Summer Olympics">Budō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_dueling" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic dueling">Pistol dueling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glima_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Glima at the 1912 Summer Olympics">Glima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savate_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Savate at the 1924 Summer Olympics">Savate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Games_sports" title="World Games sports">World Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ju-jitsu_at_the_World_Games" title="Ju-jitsu at the World Games">Ju-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate_at_the_World_Games" title="Karate at the World Games">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sumo at the World Games">Sumo</a></li> <li>Former official sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sambo at the World Games">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Invitational sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li> <li>2018 Only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurash" title="Kurash">Kurash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <br /><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muaythai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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