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td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-news-li><a href=/news/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-news><span>News</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-programming-guides-li><a href=/programming-guides/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-programming-guides><span>Programming Guides</span></a><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guideseditions-li><a href=/programming-guides/editions/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guideseditions><span>Language Guide (editions)</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesproto2-li><a href=/programming-guides/proto2/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesproto2><span>Language Guide (proto 2)</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesproto3-li><a href=/programming-guides/proto3/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesproto3><span>Language Guide (proto 3)</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesproto-limits-li><a href=/programming-guides/proto-limits/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesproto-limits><span>Proto Limits</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesstyle-li><a href=/programming-guides/style/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesstyle><span>Style Guide</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesenum-li><a href=/programming-guides/enum/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesenum><span>Enum Behavior</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesencoding-li><a href=/programming-guides/encoding/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesencoding><span>Encoding</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesjson-li><a href=/programming-guides/json/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesjson><span>ProtoJSON Format</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidestechniques-li><a href=/programming-guides/techniques/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidestechniques><span>Techniques</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesaddons-li><a href=/programming-guides/addons/ title="Third-Party Add-ons" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesaddons><span>Add-ons</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesextension_declarations-li><a href=/programming-guides/extension_declarations/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesextension_declarations><span>Extension Declarations</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesfield_presence-li><a href=/programming-guides/field_presence/ title="Application Note: Field Presence" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesfield_presence><span>Field Presence</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesserialization-not-canonical-li><a href=/programming-guides/serialization-not-canonical/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesserialization-not-canonical><span>Proto Serialization Is Not Canonical</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-programming-guidesdeserialize-debug-li><a href=/programming-guides/deserialize-debug/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-programming-guidesdeserialize-debug><span>Deserializing Debug Proto Representations</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-editions-li><a href=/editions/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-editions><span>Protobuf Editions</span></a><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-editionsoverview-li><a href=/editions/overview/ title="Protobuf Editions Overview" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-editionsoverview><span>Overview</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-editionsfeatures-li><a href=/editions/features/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-editionsfeatures><span>Feature Settings for Editions</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-editionsimplementation-li><a href=/editions/implementation/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-editionsimplementation><span>Implementing Editions Support</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-design-decisions-li><a href=/design-decisions/ title="Protobuf Team Design Decisions" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-design-decisions><span>Design Decisions</span></a><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-design-decisionsnullable-getters-setters-li><a href=/design-decisions/nullable-getters-setters/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-design-decisionsnullable-getters-setters><span>No Nullable Setters/Getters Support</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-best-practices-li><a href=/best-practices/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-best-practices><span>Proto Best Practices</span></a><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-best-practicesno-cargo-cults-li><a href=/best-practices/no-cargo-cults/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-best-practicesno-cargo-cults><span>Avoid Cargo Culting</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-best-practicesdos-donts-li><a href=/best-practices/dos-donts/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-best-practicesdos-donts><span>Proto Best Practices</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-best-practicesapi-li><a href=/best-practices/api/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-best-practicesapi><span>API Best Practices</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-best-practices1-1-1-li><a href=/best-practices/1-1-1/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-best-practices1-1-1><span>1-1-1 Best Practice</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child active-path" id=m-getting-started-li><a href=/getting-started/ class="align-left ps-0 active td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-getting-started><span class=td-sidebar-nav-active-item>Tutorials</span></a><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-startedcpptutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/cpptutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: C++" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-startedcpptutorial><span>C++</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-startedcsharptutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/csharptutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: C#" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-startedcsharptutorial><span>C#</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-starteddarttutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/darttutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: Dart" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-starteddarttutorial><span>Dart</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-startedgotutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/gotutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: Go" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-startedgotutorial><span>Go</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-startedjavatutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/javatutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: Java" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-startedjavatutorial><span>Java</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-startedkotlintutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/kotlintutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: Kotlin" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-startedkotlintutorial><span>Kotlin</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-getting-startedpythontutorial-li><a href=/getting-started/pythontutorial/ title="Protocol Buffer Basics: Python" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-getting-startedpythontutorial><span>Python</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-reference-li><a href=/reference/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-reference><span>Reference Guides</span></a><ul class="ul-2 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-referencecpp-li><a href=/reference/cpp/ title="C++ Reference" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-referencecpp><span>C++</span></a><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecppcpp-generated-li><a href=/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/ title="C++ Generated Code Guide" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecppcpp-generated><span>Generated Code Guide</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecppstring-view-li><a href=/reference/cpp/string-view/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecppstring-view><span>String View APIs</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecpparenas-li><a href=/reference/cpp/arenas/ title="C++ Arena Allocation Guide" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecpparenas><span>Arena Allocation Guide</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecppabseil-li><a href=/reference/cpp/abseil/ class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecppabseil><span>Abseil Support</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecppapi-docs-link-li><a href=/reference/cpp/api-docs/ target=_blank rel=noopener class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecppapi-docs-link><span>C++ API</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-referencecsharp-li><a href=/reference/csharp/ title="C# Reference" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-referencecsharp><span>C#</span></a><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecsharpcsharp-generated-li><a href=/reference/csharp/csharp-generated/ title="C# Generated Code Guide" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecsharpcsharp-generated><span>Generated Code Guide</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencecsharpapi-docs-link-li><a href=/reference/csharp/api-docs target=_blank rel=noopener class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencecsharpapi-docs-link><span>C# API</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-referencedart-li><a href=/reference/dart/ title="Dart Reference" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-referencedart><span>Dart</span></a><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencedartdart-generated-li><a href=/reference/dart/dart-generated/ title="Dart Generated Code" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencedartdart-generated><span>Generated Code</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencedartapi-docs-link-li><a href=https://pub.dartlang.org/documentation/protobuf target=_blank rel=noopener class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencedartapi-docs-link><span>Dart API</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section with-child" id=m-referencego-li><a href=/reference/go/ title="Go Reference" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__section" id=m-referencego><span>Go</span></a><ul class="ul-3 foldable"><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegogo-generated-li><a href=/reference/go/go-generated/ title="Go Generated Code Guide (Open)" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegogo-generated><span>Generated Code Guide (Open)</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegogo-generated-opaque-li><a href=/reference/go/go-generated-opaque/ title="Go Generated Code Guide (Opaque)" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegogo-generated-opaque><span>Generated Code Guide (Opaque)</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegofaq-li><a href=/reference/go/faq/ title="Go FAQ" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegofaq><span>FAQ</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegosize-li><a href=/reference/go/size/ title="Go Size Semantics" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegosize><span>Size Semantics</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegoapi-docs-link-li><a href=https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/protobuf/proto target=_blank rel=noopener class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegoapi-docs-link><span>Go API</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegoopaque-migration-li><a href=/reference/go/opaque-migration/ title="Go Opaque API Migration" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegoopaque-migration><span>Opaque API Migration</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" id=m-referencegoopaque-migration-manual-li><a href=/reference/go/opaque-migration-manual/ title="Go Opaque API: Manual Migration" class="align-left ps-0 td-sidebar-link td-sidebar-link__page" id=m-referencegoopaque-migration-manual><span>Opaque API: Manual Migration</span></a></li><li class="td-sidebar-nav__section-title td-sidebar-nav__section without-child" 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href="https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protocolbuffers.github.io/new/main/content/getting-started/_index.md?filename=change-me.md&value=---%0Atitle%3A+%22Long+Page+Title%22%0AlinkTitle%3A+%22Short+Nav+Title%22%0Aweight%3A+100%0Adescription%3A+%3E-%0A+++++Page+description+for+heading+and+indexes.%0A---%0A%0A%23%23+Heading%0A%0AEdit+this+template+to+create+your+new+page.%0A%0A%2A+Give+it+a+good+name%2C+ending+in+%60.md%60+-+e.g.+%60getting-started.md%60%0A%2A+Edit+the+%22front+matter%22+section+at+the+top+of+the+page+%28weight+controls+how+its+ordered+amongst+other+pages+in+the+same+directory%3B+lowest+number+first%29.%0A%2A+Add+a+good+commit+message+at+the+bottom+of+the+page+%28%3C80+characters%3B+use+the+extended+description+field+for+more+detail%29.%0A%2A+Create+a+new+branch+so+you+can+preview+your+new+file+and+request+a+review+via+Pull+Request.%0A" class=td-page-meta--child target=_blank rel=noopener><i class="fa-solid fa-pen-to-square fa-fw"></i> Create child page</a> <a href="https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protocolbuffers.github.io/issues/new?title=Tutorials" class=td-page-meta--issue target=_blank rel=noopener><i class="fa-solid fa-list-check fa-fw"></i> Create documentation issue</a> <a href=https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/new class=td-page-meta--project-issue target=_blank rel=noopener><i class="fa-solid fa-list-check fa-fw"></i> Create project issue</a></div></aside><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 ps-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class="td-breadcrumbs td-breadcrumbs__single"><ol class=breadcrumb><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page>Tutorials</li></ol></nav><div class=td-content><h1>Tutorials</h1><div class=lead>Each tutorial in this section shows you how to implement a simple application using protocol buffers in your favourite language, introducing you to the language’s protocol buffer API as well as showing you the basics of creating and using .proto files.</div><header class=article-meta></header><p>The complete sample code for each application is also provided.</p><p>The tutorials don’t assume that you know anything about protocol buffers, but do assume that you are comfortable writing code in your chosen language, including using file I/O.</p><div class=section-index><hr class=panel-line><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/cpptutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: C++</a></h5><p>A basic C++ programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/csharptutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: C#</a></h5><p>A basic C# programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/darttutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: Dart</a></h5><p>A basic Dart programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/gotutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: Go</a></h5><p>A basic Go programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/javatutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: Java</a></h5><p>A basic Java programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/kotlintutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: Kotlin</a></h5><p>A basic Kotlin programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div><div class=entry><h5><a href=/getting-started/pythontutorial/>Protocol Buffer Basics: Python</a></h5><p>A basic Python programmers introduction to working with protocol buffers.</p></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="bg-dark py-5 row d-print-none"><div class="container-fluid mx-sm-5"><div class=row><div class="col-6 col-sm-4 text-xs-center order-sm-2"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item mx-2 h3" data-toggle=tooltip data-placement=top title="Stack Overflow" aria-label="Stack Overflow"><a class=text-white target=_blank rel=noopener 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