Freethought / Atheism / Secular Humanism - Freethought Trail

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"Free thinking" (two words) could lead one to uncommon conclusions regarding any number of topics; "freethinking" (one word) came to mean the process by which one came to unorthodox conclusions <em>about religion</em>.</p> <p>Freethinkers held that (either probably or certainly):</p> <ul> <li>God does not exist;</li> <li>Gods, scriptures, and religions are best understood as products of human action;</li> <li>Religion and government should be stringently separated; and</li> <li>Moral values should be sought in human experience, not in holy books.</li> </ul> <p>Of course, this is essentially identical to <a href="http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/3260"> the worldview held by twentieth and twenty-first–century secular humanists</a>.</p> <p>Writing in 1943, the prominent historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Nevins">Allan Nevins</a> described "the vigorous contest between freethinkers and religionists which was so important a part of the cultural history of the nineteenth century," and judged that "the battle which the freethinkers waged was in great part a wholesome and beneficial effort."</p> <p>During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when west-central New York State played a social role much like the one southern California would play later in the twentieth century, freethinkers tended to be involved in a wide variety of radical social reform efforts. Most of the prominent American <a href="/causes/cause:anarchism/"> anarchists</a> were atheists, for example. Critics of religion were prominent in the <a href="/causes/cause:abolition/"> abolition</a> movement; they were especially visible in opposing the idea that slavery was ordained by God. Freethinkers were over-represented among so-called sex radicals, who championed everything from the abolition of marriage to <a href="/causes/cause:birth-control-sex-radicalism/"> birth control</a>, then a controversial notion. They were also prominent among proponents of woman’s rights and woman suffrage; indeed, two of the three leaders of the nineteenth-century <a href="/causes/cause:womans-rights-suffrage/"> suffrage</a> movement, <a href="/profiles/profile:stanton-elizabeth-cady/"> Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> and <a href="/profiles/profile:gage-matilda-joslyn/"> Matilda Joslyn Gage</a>, were explicit freethinkers. (Nineteenth-century practice was to use the singular, <em>woman</em> or <em>woman's</em>, when referring to women as a class; later practice was to use the plural, <em>women</em> or <em>women's</em>.)</p> <p>Freethinkers of this period had other associations that many today would find surprising. There was considerable overlap between the freethought and Spiritualist movements. That seems strange today, when atheists and secular humanists are often associated with groups skeptical of paranormal claims. But it should be recalled that in its earliest years, Spiritualism was imagined by some to be a "scientific" exploration of the afterlife. Moreover, what Spiritualism asserted about the afterlife contradicted the doctrines taught by traditional churches, and was welcomed by some freethinkers for that reason alone. In addition, during the late nineteenth century the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Lamar_Keene#The_Psychic_Mafia">conclusive evidence of misdirection and fraud among spirit mediums</a> now available had not yet come to light.</p> <p>Of course, there was no shortage of freethinkers whose activism was principally concerned with challenging religious dogmas. An earlier generation brought forth <a href="/profiles/profile:wright-frances/">Frances "Fanny" Wright</a>, a freethinker, anti-slavery activist, and sex radical who was also the first woman to lecture before mixed-sex U. S. audiences during the 1820s. Important later in the nineteenth century were orator <a href="/profiles/profile:ingersoll-robert-green/"> Robert Green Ingersoll</a>, journalist <a href="/profiles/profile:dogberry-obadiah/"> Obadiah Dogberry</a>, organizer <a href="/profiles/profile:mills-c-d-b/"> C. D. B. Mills</a>, and educator <a href="/profiles/profile:white-andrew-dickson/"> Andrew Dickson White</a>. Also noteworthy was the <a href="/profiles/profile:new-york-freethinkers-association/"> New York Freethinkers Association</a>, an organization of national significance that held its initial <a href="/trail-map/location:huron-wolcott-grove-meeting/">convention</a> in <a href="/regions/region:huron-wolcott/">Huron</a> in 1877. This was followed by two important conventions in <a href="/regions/region:watkins-glen/"> Watkins</a>, now Watkins Glen. <a href="/trail-map/location:freethinkers-meeting-site-hall/">The first of the Watkins conventions</a>, held in 1878, was the site of events that would lead indirectly to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicklin_test">the standard for obscenity</a> upheld by U.S. courts until 1959. A quirky early twentieth-century group, the <a href="/profiles/profile:american-assn-for-the-advancement-of-atheism/">American Association for the Advancement of Atheism</a>, attracted press attention wildly out of proportion to its negligible size and influence; an under-resourced attempt to organize atheist groups at schools and colleges across the country led to a <a href="/trail-map/location:university-of-rochester-damned-souls-affair/">brief scandal</a> at the <a href="http://rochester.edu">University of Rochester</a> that won national media attention, and, strangely, inspired Hollywood impresario Cecil B. DeMille's final <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Godless_Girl">silent film</a>.</p> <p>As for Ingersoll, he was seen and heard by more Americans than any other person prior to the advent of motion pictures and radio. This was because he traveled the country on frequent speaking tours throughout an almost thirty-year career. Ingersoll delivered some thirty-three lectures at seventeen theaters, opera-houses, and fairgrounds between Rochester and Utica, <a href="/plan-your-journey/trail:ingersoll-lectures-trail/">all of which are now sites on the Freethought Trail</a>. Of those seventeen venues, only one, the <a href="/trail-map/location:breese-opera-house/">Breese Opera House</a> in <a href="/regions/region:norwich/">Norwich</a>, still stands.</p> <p>The story of American freethought is rich in the unexpected, and it's all on the Freethought Trail.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-white-bg app-box-shadow"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3 mb-5"> <a href="/cache/images/29423b85ff0d7ec19890c55452202df3.jpg" class="app-gallery" title="Only known photo of Robert Green Ingersoll addressing an audience, May 30, 1884."> <img class="d-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/7d62e93681e259b673f4bd96b2de6169.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7d62e93681e259b673f4bd96b2de6169.jpg 1x, /cache/images/7d8f9b06987bd8dbde472a06673cb7a4.jpg 2x" alt="Only known photo of Robert Green Ingersoll addressing an audience, May 30, 1884."> <div class="app-white-text"> <div class="p-3"> <h3><i class="far fa-fw fa-search-plus mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></i> Only known photo of Robert Green Ingersoll addressing an audience, May 30, 1884.</h3> </div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-3 app-caption"><p>The only known photo of Robert Green Ingersoll addressing an audience at a Thomas Paine memorial gathering at New Rochelle, New York, on May 30, 1884. Photograph commissioned by the freethought newspaper <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Truth_Seeker">The Truth Seeker</a>.<br /></em>Estate of Gordon Stein.<em><br /></em></p></div> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3 mb-5"> <a href="/cache/images/2cdadc03e3d84ca14c7ec6db2d5c4e72.png" class="app-gallery" title="L. Frank Baum"> <img class="d-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/122c8fd04251ceff2b2aec255440b2a3.png" srcset="/cache/images/122c8fd04251ceff2b2aec255440b2a3.png 1x, /cache/images/b17915dfb9d6fda2b11e639180f9f116.png 2x" alt="L. Frank Baum"> <div class="app-white-text"> <div class="p-3"> <h3><i class="far fa-fw fa-search-plus mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></i> L. Frank Baum</h3> </div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-3 app-caption"><p><a href="/profiles/profile:baum-l-frank/">L. Frank Baum</a> (1856–1919) a freethinker? Oh yes. Strongly influenced by his freethinker/ suffragist mother-in-law <a href="/profiles/profile:gage-matilda-joslyn/">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a>, the <a href="/regions/region:chittenango/">Chittenango</a>-born Baum filled his <em>Oz</em> books and other children's fantasies with strong female characters, societies that solve their problems without religion, and godlike figures that merit vigorous skepticism (not to mention a relentless look behind the curtain).</p></div> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3 mb-5"> <a href="/cache/images/a66ed4258a722ae5c1b43ee5ccc60624.jpg" class="app-gallery" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage"> <img class="d-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/41f4d86e38c5d09b04e00c60b4473cd9.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/41f4d86e38c5d09b04e00c60b4473cd9.jpg 1x, /cache/images/30ff150332a800a53b7741667f0fbb94.jpg 2x" alt="Matilda Joslyn Gage"> <div class="app-white-text"> <div class="p-3"> <h3><i class="far fa-fw fa-search-plus mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></i> Matilda Joslyn Gage</h3> </div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-3 app-caption"><p><a href="/profiles/profile:gage-matilda-joslyn/">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a> (1826–1898) was a lifelong activist: first for <a href="/causes/cause:abolition/">abolition</a>, then for <a href="/causes/cause:womans-rights-suffrage/">woman's rights</a>, and finally for <a href="/causes/cause:freethought-atheism-secular-humanism/">freethought</a>. <a href="/historical-events/event:inaugural-convention-of-new-york-freethinkers-association/">After 1878</a> her outspoken criticism of Christianity as woman's oppressor would gradually see her driven from the suffrage movement.</p></div> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3 mb-5"> <a href="/cache/images/e8a4b397a8fc749ce202c7c2d13ada6a.jpg" class="app-gallery" title="Robert Green Ingersoll"> <img class="d-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/8c83f87488d26de51eb24385f837d5b9.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/8c83f87488d26de51eb24385f837d5b9.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4e5c0284a2daf4494c8a5f55398d7ddf.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll"> <div class="app-white-text"> <div class="p-3"> <h3><i class="far fa-fw fa-search-plus mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></i> Robert Green Ingersoll</h3> </div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-3 app-caption"><p><a href="/profiles/profile:ingersoll-robert-green/">Robert Green Ingersoll</a> (1833-1899) was a true polymath: attorney, patron of the arts, and an incomparable freethought lecturer. In almost three decades of regular touring, he would be seen and heard by more Americans than any other person prior to the advent of motion pictures and radio. His birthplace in <a href="/regions/region:dresden/">Dresden</a> is <a href="/trail-map/location:robert-green-ingersoll-birthplace-museum/">North America's only freethought museum</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3 mb-5"> <a href="/cache/images/6c5636b89058240d8bf9d8550bcf504f.jpg" class="app-gallery" title="Charles B. Reynolds"> <img class="d-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/091fd7dd5cb47e119e5e334961ef0158.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/091fd7dd5cb47e119e5e334961ef0158.jpg 1x, /cache/images/46d18138e2b6753565595126d323f0eb.jpg 2x" alt="Charles B. Reynolds"> <div class="app-white-text"> <div class="p-3"> <h3><i class="far fa-fw fa-search-plus mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></i> Charles B. Reynolds</h3> </div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-3 app-caption"><p><a href="/profiles/profile:reynolds-charles-b/">Charles B. Reynolds</a> (1832–1896) renounced Seventh-day Adventist ministry for <a href="/causes/cause:freethought-atheism-secular-humanism/">freethought</a> circa 1880. In 1882 he began freethought "revival preaching" <a href="/historical-events/event:lectures-by-rev-and-mrs-c-b-reynolds/">on stage</a> and <a href="/historical-events/event:c-b-reynolds-freethought-lecture/">in his own freethought "revival tent.</a>" In 1886, a mob in Boonton, New Jersey, destroyed his tent. Three months later, nearby Morristown put him on trial for blasphemy. His defense attorney would be none other than <a href="/profiles/profile:ingersoll-robert-green/">Robert Green Ingersoll</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="col-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3 mb-5"> <a href="/cache/images/36513c9ef0bc4f21d4daab0c7cf9dfbf.jpg" class="app-gallery" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton"> <img class="d-block img-fluid" src="/cache/images/2ab0400911c7b8a6820e0d46e72e94fe.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2ab0400911c7b8a6820e0d46e72e94fe.jpg 1x, /cache/images/bf8d01d8cc59eec6ad3f7c5ee5089355.jpg 2x" alt="Elizabeth Cady Stanton"> <div class="app-white-text"> <div class="p-3"> <h3><i class="far fa-fw fa-search-plus mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></i> Elizabeth Cady Stanton</h3> </div> </div> </a> <div class="mt-3 app-caption"><p><a href="/profiles/profile:stanton-elizabeth-cady/">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> (1815–1902) helped organize the <a href="/historical-events/event:womans-rights-convention-at-seneca-falls/">1848 Woman's Rights Convention</a> at <a href="/regions/region:seneca-falls/">Seneca Falls</a> that launched the <a href="/causes/cause:womans-rights-suffrage/">suffrage movement</a>. For decades she led that movement alongside <a href="/profiles/profile:anthony-susan-b/">Susan B. Anthony</a> and <a href="/profiles/profile:gage-matilda-joslyn/">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a>. Long a freethinker, Stanton only made her heterodox views clear beginning in 1895. By 1898 she had been largely ejected from the suffrage movement, and was able to publish only in freethought periodicals.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-tan-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-5"> <div class="col-12"> <h4>Associated Sites</h4> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:ingersoll-auburn-lecture-site/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/8ab96888934fa3125b0f0b74890b7a79.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/8ab96888934fa3125b0f0b74890b7a79.jpg 1x, /cache/images/37393147c79e51e166e450b590f9880a.jpg 2x" alt="Academy of Music, Auburn"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Academy of Music, Auburn</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:academy-of-music-oswego/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/125b17b3f8d78e8d4bfc0cc05099f7af.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/125b17b3f8d78e8d4bfc0cc05099f7af.jpg 1x, /cache/images/32a1a45ae211f2e8099ac1dd24888c69.jpg 2x" alt="Academy of Music / Doolittle Hall"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Academy of Music / Doolittle Hall</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:alhambra-theater/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/cc27ca256fb3d764555bc6cbbf69b543.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/cc27ca256fb3d764555bc6cbbf69b543.jpg 1x, /cache/images/eae7fed56141a6f3fdfc39c2a64f3bd7.jpg 2x" alt="Alhambra Theater"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Alhambra Theater</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:amy-and-isaac-post-gravesite/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/623f3946b143791a7dfcdc6f5c63ab16.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/623f3946b143791a7dfcdc6f5c63ab16.jpg 1x, /cache/images/00126251eeffa126b57960f94d9a44d2.jpg 2x" alt="Amy and Isaac Post Grave Site"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Amy and Isaac Post Grave Site</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/trail-map/location:andrew-dickson-white-house/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/021971dd61fc497f18d39bca5bfa9ff4.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/021971dd61fc497f18d39bca5bfa9ff4.jpg 1x, /cache/images/2ae8767158159b39ae8ff3c09bf42dfe.jpg 2x" alt="Andrew Dickson White House"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Andrew Dickson White House</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a 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<div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:miller-elizabeth-smith/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/47b32589396f4e894c6094758865d811.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/47b32589396f4e894c6094758865d811.jpg 1x, /cache/images/680149c0389428b4dc7fa0be3982dc1a.jpg 2x" alt="Miller, Elizabeth Smith"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Miller, Elizabeth Smith</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:mills-c-d-b/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/38dea60ef02149ab3fda2c4d7af410ce.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/38dea60ef02149ab3fda2c4d7af410ce.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a2252c73758fecb681180f799f1a7bf7.jpg 2x" alt="Mills, C. D. B."> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Mills, C. D. B.</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:reynolds-charles-b/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/8b12c6278941d34aead7cbc3f8de9887.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/8b12c6278941d34aead7cbc3f8de9887.jpg 1x, /cache/images/5c2e642bfe54b9399e28cfdbf1d49ed8.jpg 2x" alt="Reynolds, Charles B."> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Reynolds, Charles B.</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:rose-ernestine-l/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/1ab154dbfd8efc031905062610827341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/1ab154dbfd8efc031905062610827341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/f01f1ac77fc0d9438fc29ad81e1bc053.jpg 2x" alt="Rose, Ernestine L."> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Rose, Ernestine L.</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:smith-william/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/bea45b613a75790608fde123700bde1f.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/bea45b613a75790608fde123700bde1f.jpg 1x, /cache/images/536c9f8407f47be7ca5a2031cf1670a1.jpg 2x" alt="Smith, William"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Smith, William</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:stanton-elizabeth-cady/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/b59670bea061af2f6eff4c208ce5f8a9.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/b59670bea061af2f6eff4c208ce5f8a9.jpg 1x, /cache/images/326d532fd484bb88b6fb36d5d6b41f9f.jpg 2x" alt="Stanton, Elizabeth Cady"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Stanton, Elizabeth Cady</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:wright-frances/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/56b2f0981d8bd028406b4fda82bc991b.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/56b2f0981d8bd028406b4fda82bc991b.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b4d4012ea67a7d11954b8ac5a994282f.jpg 2x" alt="Wright, Frances"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Wright, Frances</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:american-assn-for-the-advancement-of-atheism/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/6e7af5ebf7c3dcc9bb1311b064689d4e.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/6e7af5ebf7c3dcc9bb1311b064689d4e.jpg 1x, /cache/images/bba59b9a9e849d0f73663fd4575db96d.jpg 2x" alt="American Assn. for the Advancement of Atheism"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">American Assn. for the Advancement of Atheism</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:national-liberal-league/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/7af3d3f507e8d3f510d5c5d8de54eb71.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7af3d3f507e8d3f510d5c5d8de54eb71.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b160d43670e4f1a668b76a9944faba57.jpg 2x" alt="National Liberal League"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">National Liberal League</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:new-york-freethinkers-association/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/10e8c5214227ec96ff58b2b38b654cd2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/10e8c5214227ec96ff58b2b38b654cd2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/20e5e59302026dcc612f72b2c0d35326.jpg 2x" alt="New York Freethinkers Association"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">New York Freethinkers Association</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3 mb-5"> <a href="/profiles/profile:society-of-damned-souls/" class="app-item"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/05c32c5e257f84c8d850e53815dfaa49.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/05c32c5e257f84c8d850e53815dfaa49.jpg 1x, /cache/images/c9768650083838b2aebef52b8d3b23e7.jpg 2x" alt="Society of Damned Souls"> <div class="app-dark-gray-bg-b-gradient"> <div class="p-3"> <h4 class="app-white-text">Society of Damned Souls</h4> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-tan-bg-gradient"> <div class="container py-5"> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="col-12"> <h4>Associated Historical Events</h4> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:frances-wright-gives-on-the-nature-of-knowledge-lecture/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/02ea10ff45e0e106448ebc909a49856d.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/02ea10ff45e0e106448ebc909a49856d.jpg 1x, /cache/images/c8b7f964e7ae0474a78028c3d532149c.jpg 2x" alt="Frances Wright Gives "On the Nature of Knowledge" Lecture in Auburn"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:frances-wright-gives-on-the-nature-of-knowledge-lecture/" class="app-red-text">Frances Wright Gives "On the Nature of Knowledge" Lecture in Auburn</a></h3> <p>November 1829</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:obadiah-dogberry-is-first-critic-of-book-of-mormon/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/1d76347a64a26f28089265f28cfb5a09.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/1d76347a64a26f28089265f28cfb5a09.jpg 1x, /cache/images/32c433f5bfd97ae45bedeaa659ebe42b.jpg 2x" alt="Book of Mormon First Criticized by Obadiah Dogberry"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:obadiah-dogberry-is-first-critic-of-book-of-mormon/" class="app-red-text">Book of Mormon First Criticized by Obadiah Dogberry</a></h3> <p>January 2–22, 1830</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-robert-green-ingersoll/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/a5b9ec993d75c924b12d24c1880927a5.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/a5b9ec993d75c924b12d24c1880927a5.jpg 1x, /cache/images/2f07b0413c9bf39490cd039cecf7f467.jpg 2x" alt="Birth of Robert Green Ingersoll"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-robert-green-ingersoll/" class="app-red-text">Birth of Robert Green Ingersoll</a></h3> <p>August 11, 1833</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:orestes-brownson-embraces-then-abandons-freethought/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/1887d605173714f690dde72eea1a2528.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/1887d605173714f690dde72eea1a2528.jpg 1x, /cache/images/93fe4644b7013149b7f6ee624baadb47.jpg 2x" alt="The Freethought Journey of Orestes Brownson"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:orestes-brownson-embraces-then-abandons-freethought/" class="app-red-text">The Freethought Journey of Orestes Brownson</a></h3> <p>1828–1844</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-l-frank-baum/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b4b70674d5a9129d9793356fca1e3c5c.jpg 2x" alt="Birth of L. Frank Baum"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:birth-of-l-frank-baum/" class="app-red-text">Birth of L. Frank Baum</a></h3> <p>May 15, 1856</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:susan-b-anthony-attempts-to-found-a-free-church-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/8ce1ee190dae9601e860e77ef94b8a6e.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/8ce1ee190dae9601e860e77ef94b8a6e.jpg 1x, /cache/images/30efbfaf5aa1ca1ce205214beac01bf3.jpg 2x" alt="Free Church Founding Attempted by Susan B. Anthony"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:susan-b-anthony-attempts-to-found-a-free-church-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Free Church Founding Attempted by Susan B. Anthony</a></h3> <p>1859</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-the-american-vandal-lecture-in-elmira/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/e998fb1f64b5ed9badba639fd83c11b9.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/e998fb1f64b5ed9badba639fd83c11b9.jpg 1x, /cache/images/e3dce4dbc4eccc878eb1e43b3fb9ae29.jpg 2x" alt="Mark Twain Gives "The American Vandal" Lecture in Elmira"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-the-american-vandal-lecture-in-elmira/" class="app-red-text">Mark Twain Gives "The American Vandal" Lecture in Elmira</a></h3> <p>November 23, 1868</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-unknown-lecture-in-hornellsville/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/e998fb1f64b5ed9badba639fd83c11b9.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/e998fb1f64b5ed9badba639fd83c11b9.jpg 1x, /cache/images/e3dce4dbc4eccc878eb1e43b3fb9ae29.jpg 2x" alt="Mark Twain Gives Unknown Lecture in Hornellsville "> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-unknown-lecture-in-hornellsville/" class="app-red-text">Mark Twain Gives Unknown Lecture in Hornellsville </a></h3> <p>January 20, 1870</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-artemus-ward-lecture-in-auburn/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/7dabbe671220cb82aff757dd722b5df7.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7dabbe671220cb82aff757dd722b5df7.jpg 1x, /cache/images/3203877582f409830522aea50260e212.jpg 2x" alt="Mark Twain Gives "Artemus Ward" Lecture in Auburn"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-artemus-ward-lecture-in-auburn/" class="app-red-text">Mark Twain Gives "Artemus Ward" Lecture in Auburn</a></h3> <p>December 5, 1871</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-artemus-ward-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/7dabbe671220cb82aff757dd722b5df7.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/7dabbe671220cb82aff757dd722b5df7.jpg 1x, /cache/images/3203877582f409830522aea50260e212.jpg 2x" alt="Mark Twain Gives "Artemus Ward" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:mark-twain-gives-artemus-ward-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Mark Twain Gives "Artemus Ward" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>December 6, 1871</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:grove-meeting-of-liberals-and-freethinkers-of-central-and-western-new-york/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/963a35e335d84bfed0316db12eaf4d6a.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/963a35e335d84bfed0316db12eaf4d6a.jpg 1x, /cache/images/54abeddb209f7b538d80b57ff0216dd9.jpg 2x" alt="First Convention/"Grove Meeting" of Liberals and Freethinkers of Central and Western New York"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:grove-meeting-of-liberals-and-freethinkers-of-central-and-western-new-york/" class="app-red-text">First Convention/"Grove Meeting" of Liberals and Freethinkers of Central and Western New York</a></h3> <p>August 17–19, 1877</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:rochester-convention-of-national-liberal-league/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/38ba591cefa9d3051677345b2694fcae.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/38ba591cefa9d3051677345b2694fcae.jpg 1x, /cache/images/5624b066017004ef190175e5793b8f31.jpg 2x" alt="First National Liberal League Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:rochester-convention-of-national-liberal-league/" class="app-red-text">First National Liberal League Convention</a></h3> <p>October 26, 1877</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>November 13, 1877</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>November 14, 1877</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>January 11, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>February 20, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-individuality-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Individuality" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-individuality-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Individuality" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>February 21, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-ghosts-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Ghosts" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>February 22, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-elmira/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Elmira"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-liberty-of-man-woman-and-child-lecture-in-elmira/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child" Lecture in Elmira</a></h3> <p>February 25, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:inaugural-convention-of-new-york-freethinkers-association/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4f34801dccc35324e4b2d815dacce6d0.jpg 2x" alt="Second New York Freethinkers' Association Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:inaugural-convention-of-new-york-freethinkers-association/" class="app-red-text">Second New York Freethinkers' Association Convention</a></h3> <p>August 22–25, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:second-annual-national-liberal-league-convention/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/38ba591cefa9d3051677345b2694fcae.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/38ba591cefa9d3051677345b2694fcae.jpg 1x, /cache/images/5624b066017004ef190175e5793b8f31.jpg 2x" alt="Second National Liberal League Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:second-annual-national-liberal-league-convention/" class="app-red-text">Second National Liberal League Convention</a></h3> <p>October 26–27, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-robert-burns-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Robert Burns" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-robert-burns-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Robert Burns" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>October 30, 1878</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-mistakes-of-moses-lecture-in-hornellsville/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Mistakes of Moses" Lecture in Hornellsville"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-the-mistakes-of-moses-lecture-in-hornellsville/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "The Mistakes of Moses" Lecture in Hornellsville</a></h3> <p>September 24, 1879</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:1880-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4f34801dccc35324e4b2d815dacce6d0.jpg 2x" alt="Fourth New York Freethinkers Association Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:1880-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/" class="app-red-text">Fourth New York Freethinkers Association Convention</a></h3> <p>September 2–6, 1880</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-support-of-james-a-garfield-in-rome/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in Support of James A. Garfield in Rome"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-support-of-james-a-garfield-in-rome/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in Support of James A. Garfield in Rome</a></h3> <p>October 18, 1880</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>December 13, 1880</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:1881-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4f34801dccc35324e4b2d815dacce6d0.jpg 2x" alt="Fifth New York Freethinkers Association Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:1881-new-york-freethinkers-association-convention/" class="app-red-text">Fifth New York Freethinkers Association Convention</a></h3> <p>August 31–September 4, 1881</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:syracuse-premiere-of-l-frank-baum-musical-the-maid-of-arran/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b4b70674d5a9129d9793356fca1e3c5c.jpg 2x" alt="Syracuse Premiere of L. Frank Baum Musical "The Maid of Arran""> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:syracuse-premiere-of-l-frank-baum-musical-the-maid-of-arran/" class="app-red-text">Syracuse Premiere of L. Frank Baum Musical "The Maid of Arran"</a></h3> <p>May 15, 1882</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:fourth-annual-convention-of-new-york-freethinkers-association/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4f34801dccc35324e4b2d815dacce6d0.jpg 2x" alt="Sixth New York Freethinkers' Association Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:fourth-annual-convention-of-new-york-freethinkers-association/" class="app-red-text">Sixth New York Freethinkers' Association Convention</a></h3> <p>August 23–27, 1882</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:memorial-meeting-honoring-d-m-bennett/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c80cd1727bd46a41592552b7a0bf499a.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c80cd1727bd46a41592552b7a0bf499a.jpg 1x, /cache/images/e2085053050232da090e3381b9757a36.jpg 2x" alt="Memorial Meeting Honoring D. M. Bennett"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:memorial-meeting-honoring-d-m-bennett/" class="app-red-text">Memorial Meeting Honoring D. M. Bennett</a></h3> <p>December 1882</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:return-engagement-of-l-frank-baum-musical-the-maid-of-arran-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b4b70674d5a9129d9793356fca1e3c5c.jpg 2x" alt="Return Engagement of L. Frank Baum Musical "The Maid of Arran" in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:return-engagement-of-l-frank-baum-musical-the-maid-of-arran-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Return Engagement of L. Frank Baum Musical "The Maid of Arran" in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>February 14, 1883</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:convention-of-the-new-york-state-freethinkers-association-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/2e4b06df95197852b750b601034debe2.jpg 1x, /cache/images/4f34801dccc35324e4b2d815dacce6d0.jpg 2x" alt="Seventh New York Freethinkers Association Convention"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:convention-of-the-new-york-state-freethinkers-association-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Seventh New York Freethinkers Association Convention</a></h3> <p>August 29, 1883</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>January 19, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-auburn/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Auburn"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-auburn/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Auburn</a></h3> <p>January 21, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-in-oswego/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Oswego"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-in-oswego/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Oswego</a></h3> <p>January 23, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-which-way-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Which Way?" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-which-way-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Which Way?" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>January 26, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-norwich/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Norwich"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-orthodoxy-lecture-in-norwich/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Orthodoxy" Lecture in Norwich</a></h3> <p>February 26, 1885</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:lectures-by-rev-and-mrs-c-b-reynolds/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ed82627348662b1248fffadeee70977f.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ed82627348662b1248fffadeee70977f.jpg 1x, /cache/images/d5614cde42a7ba367ec7f7ecafe0eeb3.jpg 2x" alt="Lectures by Rev. and Mrs. C. B. Reynolds in Hornellsville"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:lectures-by-rev-and-mrs-c-b-reynolds/" class="app-red-text">Lectures by Rev. and Mrs. C. B. Reynolds in Hornellsville</a></h3> <p>March 20–21, 1886</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:c-b-reynolds-freethought-lecture/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ed82627348662b1248fffadeee70977f.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ed82627348662b1248fffadeee70977f.jpg 1x, /cache/images/d5614cde42a7ba367ec7f7ecafe0eeb3.jpg 2x" alt="C. B. Reynolds Gives Freethought Lecture"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:c-b-reynolds-freethought-lecture/" class="app-red-text">C. B. Reynolds Gives Freethought Lecture</a></h3> <p>June 25, 1886</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:l-frank-baum-early-life-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/ea225929db1576ffaace8baa76d38f4b.jpg 1x, /cache/images/b4b70674d5a9129d9793356fca1e3c5c.jpg 2x" alt="Early Life of L. Frank Baum"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:l-frank-baum-early-life-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Early Life of L. Frank Baum</a></h3> <p>1861–1888</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:ingersoll-visits-his-birthplace/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/bf67f4094430d29c146f0add8c7c50bf.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/bf67f4094430d29c146f0add8c7c50bf.jpg 1x, /cache/images/56e2533aee0f2a1074ba0e7e0a6504ba.jpg 2x" alt="Ingersoll Visits His Birthplace"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:ingersoll-visits-his-birthplace/" class="app-red-text">Ingersoll Visits His Birthplace</a></h3> <p>September 24, 1889</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-at-yates-county-fair/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture at Yates County Fair"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-at-yates-county-fair/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture at Yates County Fair</a></h3> <p>September 25, 1889</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:only-return-to-his-birth-county-by-robert-green-ingersoll/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Only Return to His Birth County by Robert Green Ingersoll"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:only-return-to-his-birth-county-by-robert-green-ingersoll/" class="app-red-text">Only Return to His Birth County by Robert Green Ingersoll</a></h3> <p>September 24–25, 1889</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>April 19, 1891</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-the-woods-outside-corning/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in the Woods outside Corning"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lecture-in-the-woods-outside-corning/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives Lecture in the Woods outside Corning</a></h3> <p>Unknown</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-shakespeare-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Shakespeare" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>April 2, 1893</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>April 27, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-oswego/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Oswego"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-oswego/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Oswego</a></h3> <p>April 30, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-utica/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Utica"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-utica/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Utica</a></h3> <p>May 2, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-corning/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Corning"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-lincoln-lecture-in-corning/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "Lincoln" Lecture in Corning</a></h3> <p>May 4, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-hornellsville/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Hornellsville"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-what-must-we-do-to-be-saved-lecture-in-hornellsville/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "What Must We Do to Be Saved?" Lecture in Hornellsville</a></h3> <p>May 5, 1894</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-syracuse/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Syracuse"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-syracuse/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Syracuse</a></h3> <p>March 9, 1895</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Rochester"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-rochester/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Rochester</a></h3> <p>March 10, 1895</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-elmira/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/c3775cf9b8a2bd09164dd041b6e8afed.jpg 1x, /cache/images/13a8b2240291c24e7a30cc9d70577545.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Elmira"> </a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8 col-xl-9"> <h3><a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-about-the-holy-bible-lecture-in-elmira/" class="app-red-text">Robert Green Ingersoll Gives "About the Holy Bible" Lecture in Elmira</a></h3> <p>April 23, 1895</p> </div> </div> <div class="row row-eq-height mb-3"> <div class="d-none d-md-flex col-md-5 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a href="/historical-events/event:robert-green-ingersoll-gives-foundations-of-faith-lecture-in-rochester/"> <img class="d-block img-fluid w-100 " src="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg" srcset="/cache/images/948e52237f2eac3bb59e2a463858d341.jpg 1x, /cache/images/a41e62824ffa36b87f0b190bf9399137.jpg 2x" alt="Robert Green Ingersoll 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