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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Σημειώσεις" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Σημειώσεις"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Σημειώσεις</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Σημειώσεις-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Παραπομπές" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Παραπομπές"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Παραπομπές</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Παραπομπές-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Εξωτερικοί_σύνδεσμοι" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Εξωτερικοί_σύνδεσμοι"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Εξωτερικοί_σύνδεσμοι-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Περιεχόμενα" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Εναλλαγή του πίνακα περιεχομένων" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Εναλλαγή του πίνακα περιεχομένων</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Θόριο</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Μεταβείτε σε ένα λήμμα σε άλλη γλώσσα. Διαθέσιμο σε 138 γλώσσες" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">138 γλώσσες</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Αφρικάανς" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Αφρικάανς" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B6%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ቶሪየም – Αμχαρικά" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቶሪየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Αμχαρικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Αραγονικά" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Αραγονικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Ανγκικά" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Ανγκικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوريوم – Αραβικά" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثوريوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Αραβικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="طوريوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طوريوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوريوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثوريوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriu" title="Toriu – Αστουριανά" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Toriu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Αστουριανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Αζερμπαϊτζανικά" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Αζερμπαϊτζανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Μπαλινίζ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Μπαλινίζ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toryo" title="Toryo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Toryo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Торый – Λευκορωσικά" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Торый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Λευκορωσικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Тор (элемэнт) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тор (элемэнт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Βουλγαρικά" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Βουλγαρικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="থোরিয়াম – Βεγγαλικά" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থোরিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Βεγγαλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐོ་རིམ། – Θιβετιανά" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐོ་རིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Θιβετιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriom" title="Toriom – Βρετονικά" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Toriom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Βρετονικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torij" title="Torij – Βοσνιακά" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Torij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Βοσνιακά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tori" title="Tori – Καταλανικά" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tori" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Καταλανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toryo" title="Toryo – Σεμπουάνο" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Toryo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Σεμπουάνο" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="تۆریۆم – Κεντρικά Κουρδικά" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆریۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Κεντρικά Κουρδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriu" title="Toriu – Κορσικανικά" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Toriu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Κορσικανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Τσεχικά" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Τσεχικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Τσουβασικά" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Τσουβασικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoriwm" title="Thoriwm – Ουαλικά" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thoriwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Ουαλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Δανικά" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Δανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Γερμανικά" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Γερμανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toryum" title="Toryum – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Toryum" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="προβεβλημένο λήμμα"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Αγγλικά" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Αγγλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Εσπεράντο" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Εσπεράντο" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Ισπανικά" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Ισπανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toorium" title="Toorium – Εσθονικά" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toorium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Εσθονικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Βασκικά" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Βασκικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="توریم – Περσικά" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توریم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Περσικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Φινλανδικά" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Φινλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Φεροϊκά" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Φεροϊκά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Γαλλικά" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Γαλλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toorium" title="Toorium – Βόρεια Φριζιανά" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Toorium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Βόρεια Φριζιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tori" title="Tori – Φριουλανικά" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tori" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Φριουλανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3iriam" title="Tóiriam – Ιρλανδικά" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tóiriam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ιρλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Σκωτικά Κελτικά" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Σκωτικά Κελτικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Γαλικιανά" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Γαλικιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="થોરીયમ – Γκουτζαρατικά" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="થોરીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Γκουτζαρατικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Μανξ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Μανξ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="תוריום – Εβραϊκά" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוריום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Εβραϊκά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Χίντι" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Χίντι" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torij" title="Torij – Κροατικά" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Torij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Κροατικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tory%C3%B2m" title="Toryòm – Αϊτιανά" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Toryòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Αϊτιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rium" title="Tórium – Ουγγρικά" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tórium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ουγγρικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Թորիում – Αρμενικά" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թորիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Αρμενικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Ιντερλίνγκουα" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Ιντερλίνγκουα" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Ινδονησιακά" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Ινδονησιακά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Ίντο" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ίντο" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%ADn" title="Þórín – Ισλανδικά" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þórín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Ισλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Ιταλικά" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Ιταλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="トリウム – Ιαπωνικά" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Ιαπωνικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lidycevjinme" title="lidycevjinme – Λόζμπαν" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lidycevjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Λόζμπαν" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="თორიუმი – Γεωργιανά" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თორიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Γεωργιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94r%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Tɔrɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔrɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Καζακικά" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Καζακικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಥೋರಿಯಮ್ – Κανάντα" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥೋರಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Κανάντα" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%A8" title="토륨 – Κορεατικά" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Κορεατικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Κόμι" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Κόμι" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoriom" title="Thoriom – Κορνουαλικά" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Thoriom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Κορνουαλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Κιργιζικά" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Κιργιζικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Λατινικά" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Λατινικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Λουξεμβουργιανά" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Λουξεμβουργιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Λιμβουργιανά" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Λιμβουργιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torio" title="Torio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Torio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toris" title="Toris – Λιθουανικά" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Toris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Λιθουανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torijs" title="Torijs – Λετονικά" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Torijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Λετονικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ториум – Σλαβομακεδονικά" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ториум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Σλαβομακεδονικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="തോറിയം – Μαλαγιαλαμικά" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോറിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Μαλαγιαλαμικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тори – Μογγολικά" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тори" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Μογγολικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Μαραθικά" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Μαραθικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Μαλαισιανά" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Μαλαισιανά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="သိုရီယမ် – Βιρμανικά" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သိုရီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Βιρμανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Κάτω Γερμανικά" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Κάτω Γερμανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Νεπαλικά" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Νεπαλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Νεγουάρι" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Νεγουάρι" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Ολλανδικά" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Ολλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Νορβηγικά Νινόρσκ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Νορβηγικά Νινόρσκ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Νορβηγικά Μποκμάλ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Νορβηγικά Μποκμάλ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2ri" title="Tòri – Οξιτανικά" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tòri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Οξιτανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torii" title="Torii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Torii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଥୋରିଅମ – Όντια" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଥୋରିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Όντια" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Πάλι" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Πάλι" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(pierwiastek)" title="Tor (pierwiastek) – Πολωνικά" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tor (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Πολωνικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2rio" title="Tòrio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tòrio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تھوریم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھوریم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="توريوم – Πάστο" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توريوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Πάστο" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rio" title="Tório – Πορτογαλικά" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tório" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Πορτογαλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuryu" title="Thuryu – Κέτσουα" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thuryu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Κέτσουα" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoriu" title="Thoriu – Ρουμανικά" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thoriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Ρουμανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriu" title="Toriu – Αρομανικά" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Toriu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Αρομανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Ρωσικά" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ρωσικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थोरियम – Σανσκριτικά" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थोरियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Σανσκριτικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ториум – Σαχά" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ториум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Σαχά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2riu" title="Tòriu – Σαρδηνιακά" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tòriu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Σαρδηνιακά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriu" title="Toriu – Σικελικά" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Toriu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Σικελικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torijum" title="Torijum – Σερβοκροατικά" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Torijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Σερβοκροατικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="තෝරියම් – Σινχαλεζικά" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තෝරියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Σινχαλεζικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rium" title="Tórium – Σλοβακικά" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tórium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Σλοβακικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torij" title="Torij – Σλοβενικά" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Torij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Σλοβενικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriumi" title="Toriumi – Αλβανικά" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Toriumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Αλβανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Торијум – Σερβικά" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Торијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Σερβικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torium" title="Torium – Σουηδικά" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Torium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Σουηδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thori" title="Thori – Σουαχίλι" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thori" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Σουαχίλι" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தோரியம் – Ταμιλικά" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோரியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Ταμιλικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="థోరియం – Τελούγκου" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="థోరియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Τελούγκου" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Τατζικικά" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Τατζικικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ทอเรียม – Ταϊλανδικά" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอเรียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Ταϊλανδικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toryo" title="Toryo – Τάγκαλογκ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Toryo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Τάγκαλογκ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toryum" title="Toryum – Τουρκικά" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toryum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Τουρκικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Торий – Ταταρικά" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Торий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Ταταρικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A" title="تورىي – Ουιγουρικά" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تورىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ουιγουρικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Торій – Ουκρανικά" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Торій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ουκρανικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="تھوریئم – Ούρντου" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھوریئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Ούρντου" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toriy" title="Toriy – Ουζμπεκικά" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toriy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Ουζμπεκικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torii" title="Torii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Torii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thori" title="Thori – Βιετναμικά" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thori" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Βιετναμικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toryo" title="Toryo – Γουάραϊ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Toryo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Γουάραϊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍 – Κινεζικά Γου" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钍" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Κινεζικά Γου" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ториум – Καλμίκ" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ториум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Καλμίκ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3r%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m" title="Tóríọ̀m – Γιορούμπα" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tóríọ̀m" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Γιορούμπα" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍 – Κινεζικά" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Κινεζικά" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%B7" title="釷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thorium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%B7" title="釷 – Καντονέζικα" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Καντονέζικα" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiThomsizi" title="IsiThomsizi – Ζουλού" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiThomsizi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Ζουλού" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Εργαλεία</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">μετακίνηση στην πλαϊνή μπάρα</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">απόκρυψη</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Περισσότερες επιλογές" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ενέργειες </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%95%CE%B4%CF%8E/%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κατάλογος όλων των σελίδων wiki που έχουν συνδέσμους προς εδώ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Συνδέσεις προς εδώ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82/%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" rel="nofollow" title="Πρόσφατες αλλαγές σε σελίδες που παραπέμπουν οι σύνδεσμοι αυτής της σελίδας [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Σχετικές αλλαγές</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κατάλογος με όλες τις ειδικές σελίδες [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ειδικές σελίδες</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&oldid=10839461" title="Μόνιμος σύνδεσμος προς αυτήν την αναθεώρηση αυτής της σελίδας"><span>Σταθερός σύνδεσμος</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=info" title="Περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με αυτήν τη σελίδα"><span>Πληροφορίες σελίδας</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AE%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1&page=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&id=10839461&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Πληροφορίες για το πώς να δημιουργήσετε παραπομπή αυτής της σελίδας"><span>Παραπομπή</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fel.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25CE%2598%25CF%258C%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF"><span>Λάβετε συντομευμένη διεύθυνση URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fel.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25CE%2598%25CF%258C%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF"><span>Λήψη κωδικού QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Εκτύπωση/εξαγωγή </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span>Δημιουργία βιβλίου</span></a></li><li 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1115" title="Σύνδεσμος προς το συνδεδεμένο αντικείμενο δεδομένων [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Αντικείμενο Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Εργαλεία σελίδων"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Εμφάνιση"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 88%; width:320px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; background-color:#ff99cc;">Θόριο </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" style="border: none; font-size: 110%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border: none"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF)" title="Ακτίνιο (στοιχείο)">Ακτίνιο</a> ← <b>Θόριο</b> → <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρωτακτίνιο">Πρωτακτίνιο</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border: none"> <td style="text-align: center; border: none;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δημήτριο">Ce</a><br />↑<br /><b>Th</b><br />↓<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ουνκουανίλιο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Uqn</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:220px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: white; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border: none; width:220px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#00ffa0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υδρογόνο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border: none"> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%89%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ήλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border: none"> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff6666;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λίθιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffdead;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βηρύλλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border: none"> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccc99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βόριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#00ffa0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άνθρακας"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#00ffa0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Άζωτο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#00ffa0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Οξυγόνο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffff99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φθόριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Νέον"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border: none"> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff6666;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νάτριο"><img alt="" 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style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#00ffa0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Θείο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffff99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χλώριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βανάδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χρώμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγγάνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σίδηρος"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κοβάλτιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νικέλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χαλκός"><img alt="" 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class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccc99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γερμάνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccc99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_(%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF)" title="Αρσενικό (στοιχείο)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#00ffa0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σελήνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffff99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βρώμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Κρυπτόν"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border: none"> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff6666;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουβίδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffdead;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Στρόντιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border: none"> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8E%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ύτριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ζιρκόνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νιόβιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μολυβδαίνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τεχνήτιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουθήνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρόδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Παλλάδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άργυρος"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κάδμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ίνδιο"><img alt="" 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height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccc99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τελλούριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffff99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιώδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Ξένον"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border: none"> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff6666;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καίσιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffdead;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βάριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λανθάνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δημήτριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρασινοδύμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νεοδύμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προμήθειο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σαμάριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ευρώπιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γαδολίνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τέρβιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%83%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δυσπρόσιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όλμιο"><img alt="" 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data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%84%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Υττέρβιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λουτήτιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%86%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Άφνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ταντάλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βολφράμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρήνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όσμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιρίδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λευκόχρυσος"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χρυσός"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υδράργυρος"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θάλλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μόλυβδος"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βισμούθιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#cccc99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πολώνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffff99;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Άστατο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ραδόνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border: none"> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff6666;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φράγκιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffdead;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ράδιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF)" title="Ακτίνιο (στοιχείο)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θόριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρωτακτίνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ουράνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ποσειδώνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πλουτώνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αμερίκιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κιούριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μπερκέλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καλιφόρνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%8A%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αϊνσταΐνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φέρμιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεντελέβιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νομπέλιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λωρένσιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ραδερφόρντιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ντούμπνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σιμπόργκιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μπόριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χάσιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαϊτνέριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νταρμστάντιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρεντγκένιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κοπερνίκιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%87%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νιχόνιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φλερόβιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μοσκόβιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λιβερμόριο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τενέσιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ογκανέσσιο"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><small><div style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας">Περιοδικός Πίνακας</a></div></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg/200px-Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg/300px-Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg/400px-Electron_shell_090_Thorium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a></span><br /><small></small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Thorium_crystal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/el/thumb/7/7e/Thorium_crystal.jpg/200px-Thorium_crystal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/el/thumb/7/7e/Thorium_crystal.jpg/300px-Thorium_crystal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/el/thumb/7/7e/Thorium_crystal.jpg/400px-Thorium_crystal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="599" /></a></span><br /><small>Κρύσταλλοι θορίου</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ff99cc;"><b>Ιστορία</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ff99cc;"><b>Ταυτότητα του στοιχείου</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Όνομα, σύμβολο </td> <td>Θόριο (Th) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ατομικός αριθμός">Ατομικός αριθμός (Ζ)</a> </td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Κατηγορία </td> <td>Μέταλλα, ακτινίδες </td></tr> <tr> <td>ομάδα, περίοδος,<br />τομέας </td> <td>- ,7, f </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Σχετική ατομική μάζα">Σχετική ατομική<br />μάζα (<i>A<sub>r</sub></i>)</a> </td> <td>232,0381 g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ηλεκτρονική<br />διαμόρφωση </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ραδόνιο">[Rn]</a> 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_CAS" title="Αριθμός CAS">Αριθμός CAS</a> </td> <td>7440-29-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ff99cc;"><b>Ατομικές ιδιότητες</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Άτομο">Ατομική ακτίνα</a> </td> <td>179 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ομοιοπολικός δεσμός">Ομοιοπολική ακτίνα</a> </td> <td>206±6 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ηλεκτραρνητικότητα">Ηλεκτραρνητικότητα</a> </td> <td>1,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αριθμός οξείδωσης">Κυριότεροι αριθμοί<br />οξείδωσης</a> </td> <td><b>+4</b>, +3, +2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ενέργεια ιονισμού">Ενέργειες ιονισμού</a> </td> <td>1<sup>η</sup>: 587 kJ/mol<br />2<sup>η</sup>: 1.110 kJ/mol<br />3<sup>η</sup>: 1930 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ff99cc;"><b>Φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κρυσταλλικό σύστημα">Κρυσταλλικό σύστημα</a> </td> <td>μονοκλινές </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Σημείο τήξης">Σημείο τήξης</a> </td> <td>2.115 K, 1.842 °C, 3.348 °F </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Σημείο βρασμού">Σημείο βρασμού</a> </td> <td>5.061 K, 4.788 °C, 8.650 °F </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πυκνότητα">Πυκνότητα</a> </td> <td>11.700 kg/m³ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ενθαλπία">Ενθαλπία</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AE%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Τήξη">τήξης</a> </td> <td>13,81 KJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ενθαλπία">Ενθαλπία</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Εξάτμιση">εξάτμισης</a> </td> <td>514 KJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ειδική <a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Θερμοχωρητικότητα">θερμοχωρητικότητα</a> </td> <td>(25 °C) 26,23 J/(mol·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μαγνητισμός">Μαγνητική συμπεριφορά</a> </td> <td>παραμαγνητικό <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ειδική <a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ηλεκτρική αντίσταση">ηλεκτρική<br /> αντίσταση</a> </td> <td>(0 °C) 147 nΩ·m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ειδική <a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Θερμική αγωγιμότητα">θερμική<br />αγωγιμότητα</a> </td> <td>(27 °C) 54 W/(mK) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Λόγος Poison </td> <td>0,27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AE%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ταχύτητα του ήχου">Ταχύτητα του ήχου</a> </td> <td>2.490 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ff99cc; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Επικινδυνότητα </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Hazard_FF.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Πολύ Εύφλεκτο"><img alt="Πολύ Εύφλεκτο" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hazard_FF.svg/70px-Hazard_FF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hazard_FF.svg/105px-Hazard_FF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hazard_FF.svg/140px-Hazard_FF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="106" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Hazard_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Επικίνδυνο για το περιβάλλον"><img alt="Επικίνδυνο για το περιβάλλον" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hazard_N.svg/70px-Hazard_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hazard_N.svg/105px-Hazard_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hazard_N.svg/140px-Hazard_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Hazard_TT.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Πολύ τοξικό"><img alt="Πολύ τοξικό" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Hazard_TT.svg/70px-Hazard_TT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Hazard_TT.svg/105px-Hazard_TT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Hazard_TT.svg/140px-Hazard_TT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="106" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:Radioactivity_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ραδιενεργό"><img alt="Ραδιενεργό" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Radioactivity_symbol.png/70px-Radioactivity_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Radioactivity_symbol.png/105px-Radioactivity_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Radioactivity_symbol.png/140px-Radioactivity_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="218" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ff99cc;"><small>Η κατάσταση αναφοράς είναι η πρότυπη κατάσταση (25°C, 1 Atm)<br /> εκτός αν σημειώνεται διαφορετικά</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Το <b>Θόριο</b> είναι ασθενώς ραδιενεργό μεταλλικό <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Χημικό στοιχείο">χημικό στοιχείο</a> με σύμβολο <b>Th</b> και <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ατομικός αριθμός">ατομικό αριθμό</a> 90. Το θόριο είναι ασημόγκριζο και οξειδώνεται επιφανειακά όταν εκτίθεται στον αέρα, σχηματίζοντας <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Διοξείδιο του θορίου (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">διοξείδιο του θορίου</a>· είναι ήπιας σκληρότητας, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ολκιμότητα">όλκιμο</a> και έχει υψηλό <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Σημείο τήξης">σημείο τήξης</a>. Είναι ένα ηλεκτροθετικό μέλος των <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ακτινίδες">Ακτινίδες</a> του οποίου η συμπεριφορά κυριαρχείται από τον <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αριθμός οξείδωσης">αριθμό οξείδωσης</a> +4· είναι αρκετά δραστικό και αναφλέγεται στον αέρα όταν διαιρείται σε λεπτά τμήματα. </p><p>Όλα τα γνωστά <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%80%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ισότπο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">ισότοπα</a> του θορίου είναι ασταθή. Το πιο σταθερό ισότοπο, <sup>232</sup>Th, έχει ημιζωή 14,05 δισεκατομμύρια χρόνια, ή περίπου ίση με την ηλικία του σύμπαντος· διασπάται πολύ αργά με <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%B1" title="Διάσπαση άλφα">διάσπαση άλφα</a>, εκκινώντας μια <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Αλυσιδωτή διάσπαση (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αλυσιδωτή διάσπαση</a> που ονομάζεται <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Σειρά του θορίου (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">σειρά του θορίου</a> η οποία καταλήγει σε σταθερό <sup>208</sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μόλυβδο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">μόλυβδο</a>. Στο σύμπαν, το θόριο και το <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ουράνιο">ουράνιο</a> είναι τα μόνα ραδιενεργά στοιχεία που βρίσκονται σε μεγάλες ποσότητες στη φύση με μορφή <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordial_nuclide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordial nuclide (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">primordial elements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Εκτιμάται ότι είναι τρεις φορές πιο <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Φυσική αφθονία (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">άφθονο</a> από το ουράνιο στο φλοιό της Γης και συνήθως εξάγεται από άμμο <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μοναζίτης">μοναζίτη</a> ως παραπροϊόν κατά την εξόρυξη <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Σπανιες γαίες (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">σπάνιων γαιών</a>. </p><p>Το θόριο ανακαλύφθηκε το 1829 από τον Νορβηγό ορυκτολόγο <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5_%CE%88%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μόρταν Θράνε Έσμαρκ (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Μόρταν Θράνε Έσμαρκ</a> και αναγνωρίστηκε από τον Σουηδό χημικό <a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Γιονς Γιάκομπ Μπερζέλιους">Γιονς Γιάκομπ Μπερζέλιους</a>, ο οποίος του έδωσε το όνομα του <a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Θορ">Θορ</a>, του θεού της αστραπή των Βίκινγκς. Οι πρώτες εφαρμογές του αναπτύχθηκαν στο τέλος του 19ου αιώνα. Η ραδιενεργή του ιδιότητα αναγνωρίστηκε ευρέως στις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 20ου αιώνα. Στο δεύτερο ήμισυ του αιώνα, το θόριο αντικααστάθηκε σε πολλες χρήσεις του λόγω κινδύνων σχετικών με τη ραδιενέργεια. </p><p>Το θόριο χρησιμοποιείται ακόμα ως κραματικό στοιχείο σε ηλεκτρόδια <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_TIG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Συγκόλληση TIG (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">συγκολλήσεων TIG</a> αλλά βαθμιαία αντικαθίσταται με διαφορετικά στοιχεία.Αποτελούσε επίσης υλικό σε οπτικά υψηλής τεχολογίας και επιστημονικά όργανα και ως πηγή φωτός σε <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_mantle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas mantle (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">gas mantles</a>, αλλά έχει περιθωριοποιηθεί σε αυτές τις εφαρμογές. Έχει προταθεί ως εναλλακτική του ουρανίου για πυρηνικό καύσιμο σε <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πυρηνικός αντιδραστήρας">πυρηνικούς αντιδραστήρες</a> και μέχρι σήμερα έχουν αναπτυχθεί αρκετά <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorium_fuel_cycle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorium fuel cycle (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αντιδραστήρια του θορίου</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Εντατικές_ιδιότητες"><span id=".CE.95.CE.BD.CF.84.CE.B1.CF.84.CE.B9.CE.BA.CE.AD.CF.82_.CE.B9.CE.B4.CE.B9.CF.8C.CF.84.CE.B7.CF.84.CE.B5.CF.82"></span>Εντατικές ιδιότητες</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Εντατικές ιδιότητες" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=1" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Εντατικές ιδιότητες"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Το θόριο είναι ήπια <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Σκληρότητα υλικών">μαλακό</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Παραμαγνητισμός">παραμαγνητικό</a>, στιλπνό ασημόγκριζο μέταλλο της ομάδας των ακτινίδων. Στον <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας">περιοδικό πίνακα</a> βρίσκεται στα δεξιά του <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="Ακτίνιο">ακτινίου</a>, αριστερά του <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρωτακτίνιο">πρωτακτινίου</a> και κάτω από το <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δημήτριο">δημήτριο</a>. Το καθαρό θόριο είναι πολύ όλκιμο και όπως είναι συνηθισμένο στα μέταλλαμ μπορεί να πστεί <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CF%81%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ψυχρή έλαση (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">ψυχρή έλαση</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swaging (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">swaged</a> και <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drawing_(manufacturing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drawing (manufacturing) (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">drawn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Σε θερμοκρασία δωματίιου, το μεταλλικό θόριο έχει <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Κυβικό κρυσταλλικό σύστημα (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">εδροκεντρωμένη</a> κρυσταλλική δομή· έχει δύο άλλες μορφές, μία σε υψηλή θερμοκρασία (πάνω από 1360 °C· χωροκεντρωμένο κυβικό) και μία σε υψηλή πίεση (περίπου 100 GPa· <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Τετραγωνικό κρυσταλλικό σύστημα (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">χωροκεντρωμένο τετραγωνικό</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Το θόριο έχει <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μέτρο συμπίεσης (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">μέτρο συμπίεσης</a> (ένα μέτρο της αντίστασης ενός υλικού σε συμπίεση) 54 <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="Πασκάλ">GPa</a>, περίπου όσο και ο <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κασσίτερος">κασσίτερος</a> (58,2 GPa). Το <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Αλουμίνιο">αλουμίνιο</a> έχει 75,2 GPa· ο χαλκός 137,8 GPa· και ο ανθρακοχάλυβας χαμηλής περιεκτικότητας σε άνθρακα έχει 160–169 GPa.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το θόριο είναι τόσο σκληρό όσο περίπου ο μαλακός <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χάλυβας">χάλυβας</a>, οπότε όταν θερμαίνεται μπορεί να υποστεί έλαση σε φύλλα και να μετατραπεί σε σύρμα.<sup id="cite_ref-Yu._D._Tretyakov_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu._D._Tretyakov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Το θόριο έχει σχεδόν τη μισή πυκνότητα του <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ουράνιο">ουρανίου</a> και του πλουτωνίου και είναι σκληρότερο και από τα δύο.<sup id="cite_ref-Yu._D._Tretyakov_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu._D._Tretyakov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Γίνεται <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Υπεραγωγός">υπεραγώγιμο</a> κάτω από θερμοκρασία 1.4 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="Κέλβιν">K</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Σημείο τήξης">σημείο τήξης</a> του θορίου είναι 1750 °C και υπερβαίνει τα αντίστοιχα του ακτινίου (1227 °C) και του πρωτακτινίου (1568 °C). Έχοντας θέση στην αρχή της περιόδου 7, η οποία εκτείνεται από το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φράγκιο">φράγκιο</a> μέχρι το θόριο, α σημεία τήξης των στοιχείων αυξάνονται (όπως σε άλλες περιόδους), επειδή ο number of delocalised electrons each atom contributes increases from one in francium to four in thorium, leading to greater attraction between these electrons and the metal ions as their charge increases from one to four. Μετά το θόριο υπάρχει μια εκ νέου πτωτική τάση στα σημεία τήξης από το θόριο στο <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πλουτώνιο">πλουτώνιο</a>, όπου ο αριθμός των ηλεκτρονίων f αυξάνεται από περίπου 0.4 σε περίπου 6: αυτή η τάση οφείλεται στον αυξανόμενο υβριδισμό των τροχιακών 5f και 6d και στη δημιουργία κατευθυντικών δεσμών που οδηγούν σε πιο περίπλοκες κρυσταλλικές δομές και αποδυναμωμένους μεταλλικούς δεσμούς.<sup id="cite_ref-Yu._D._Tretyakov_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu._D._Tretyakov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johansson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Η μέτρηση f-ηλεκτρονίων για το θόριο είναι μη ακέραια λόγω της επικάλυψης των 5f–6d.)<sup id="cite_ref-Johansson_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Μεταξύ των ακτινίδων μέχρι το <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καλιφόρνιο">καλιφόρνιο</a>, που μπορούν να ερευνηθούν τουλάχιστον σε ποσότητες χιλιοστογραμμαρίων, το θόριο έχει το υψηλότερο σημείο τήξης και σημείο βρασμού και τη δεύτερη χαμηλότερη πυκνότητα· μόνο το ακτίνιο είναι ελαφρύτερο.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>β<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το σημείο βρασμού του θορίου είναι 4788 °C και είναι το πέμπτο υψηλότερο ανάμεσα σε όλα τα στοιχεία με γνωστά σημεία βρασμού.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>γ<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Οι ιδιότητες του θορίου διαφέρουν ευρύτατα αναλογικά με το βαθμό ακαθαρσιών στο δείγμα. TΗ μεγαλύτερη είναι συνήθως το <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Διοξείδιο του θορίου (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">διοξείδιο του θορίου</a> (ThO<sub>2</sub>)· ακόμα και τα καθαρότερα δοκίμια θορίου συνήθως περιέχουν περίπου ένα δέκατου του εκατοστού διοξείδιο.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Οι πειραματικές μετρήσεις της πυκνότητάς του αποδίδουν τιμές μεταξύ 11,5 και 11,66 g/cm<sup>3</sup>: αυτές οι τιμές είναι ελαφρώς χαμηλότερες από τη θεωρητικά αναμενόμενη τιμή των 11,7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> που υπολογίζονται από τις <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Παράμετρος πλέγματος (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">παραμέτρους πλέγματος</a> του θορίου, ίσως λόγω μικροσκοπικών κενών που δημιουργούνται στο μέταλλο όταν χυτεύεται.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These values lie between those of its neighbours actinium (10.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and protactinium (15.4 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), part of a trend across the early actinides.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ισότοπα"><span id=".CE.99.CF.83.CF.8C.CF.84.CE.BF.CF.80.CE.B1"></span>Ισότοπα</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Ισότοπα" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=2" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Ισότοπα"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote noprint">Κύριο λήμμα: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ισότοπα του θορίου (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Ισότοπα του θορίου</a></div> <p>Πλην δύο, όλα τα χημικά στοιχεία με ατομικούς αριθμούς μέχρι 83, αυτόν του <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βισμούθιο">βισμουθίου</a> έχουν ένα ισότπο που είναι οσιαστικά σταθερό για όλες τις περιπτώσεις ("κλασσικά σταθερό"), με εξαίρεση το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τεχνήτιο">τεχνήτιο</a> και το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προμήθειο">προμήθειο</a> (στοιχεία 43 και 61). Όλα τα στοιχεία από το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πολώνιο">πολώνιο</a> (στοιχείο 84) και πέρα είναι ρ<a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ραδιενέργεια">ραδιενεργά</a> σε μετρήσιμη κλίμακα. <sup>232</sup>Το Th είναι ένα από τα τρία νουκλίδια μετά το βισμούθιο (τα άλλα δύο είναι τα <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ουράνιο 235 (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)"><sup>235</sup>U</a> και <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_238&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ουράνιο 238 (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)"><sup>238</sup>U</a>) που έχουν ημιζωή δισεκατομμυρίων ετών· η ημιζωή του είναι 14,05 δισεκατομμύρια χρόνια, σχεδόν τριπλάσια της <a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ηλικία της Γης">ηλικίας της Γης</a>, και λίγο μεγαλύτερη από την <a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ηλικία του σύμπαντος">ηλικία του σύμπαντος</a>. Τα τέσσερα πέμπτα του θορίου που υπήρχε κατά τον σχηματισμό της Γης έχουν επιβιώσει μέχρι σήμερα.<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το Th<sup>232</sup> είναι το μόνο ισότοπο του θορίου που υπάρχει σε ποσότητα στη φύση.<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Η σταθερότητά του αποδίδεται στην κλειστή του <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Πυρηνική στιβάδα (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">πυρηνική στιβάδα</a> με 142 νετρόνια.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το θόριο έχει χαρακτηριστική γήινη ισοτοπική σύνθεση, με ατομικό βάρος 232,0377(4). Αποτελεί μαζί με το πρωτακτίνιο και το ουράνιο ένα από τα τρία στοιχεία που ειναι ραδιενεργά και συναντώνται σε αρκετά μεγάλες ποσότητες στη Γη ώστε να είναι δυνατός ο καθορισμός του πρότυπου ατομικού βάρους τους. </p><p>Οι πυρήνες θορίου είναι επιρρεπείς σε <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%B1" title="Διάσπαση άλφα">διάσπαση άλφα</a> επειδή η ισχυρή πυρηνική δύναμη δεν μπορεί να υπερβεί την ηλεκτρομαγνητική άπωση μεταξύ των πρωτονίων τους.<sup id="cite_ref-beiser_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beiser-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Η διάσπαση άλφα του <sup>232</sup>Th εκκινεί την <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Αλυσιδωτή διάσπαση (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">αλυσιδωτή διάσπαση</a> 4<i>n</i> η οποία περιλαμβάνει ισότοπα με <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μαζικός αριθμός">μαζικό αριθμό</a> διαιρετέους με το 4 (εξ ου και το όνομα· ονομάζεται επείσης "σειρά του θορίου" λόγω του προγεννήτορά της). Αυτή η αλυσίδα συνεχόμενων διασπάσεων άλφα και <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B2%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Διάσπαση βήτα">βήτα</a> αρχίζει με τη διάσπαση του <sup>232</sup>Th σε <sup>228</sup>Ra και τερματίζει στον <sup>208</sup>Pb.<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Οποιοδήποτε δείγμα θορίου ή οι ενώσεις του πριέχουν ίχνη αυτών των θυγατρικών προϊόντων, που είναι ισότοπα του <a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θάλλιο">θαλλίου</a>, του <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μόλυβδος">μολύβδου</a>, του βισμουθίου, του <a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ράδιο">ραδίου</a>, του <a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ραδόνιο">ραδονίου</a> και του ακτινίου.<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Δείγματα φυσικού θορίου μπορούν να καθαριστούν χημικά ώστε να εξαχθούν θυγατρικά νουκλίδια, όπως το <sup>212</sup>Pb, το οποίο χρησιμοποιείταιστην <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Πυρηνική ιατρική (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">πυρηνική ιατρική</a> για <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Καρκινοθεραπεία (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">καρκινοθεραπεία</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το <sup>227</sup>Th (που εκπέμπει άλφα με χρόνο ημιζωής 18,68 ημερών) μπορεί ακόμη να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε καρκινοθεραπείες όπως οι στοχευμένες θεραπείες άλφα.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το <sup>232</sup>Th υφίσταται επίσης <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous fission (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">spontaneous fission</a> περιστασιακά αντί για διάσπαση άλφα, και έχει δώσει στοιχεία ότι αυτό συμβαίνει στα ορυκτά του (με παγιδευμένο αέριο <a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Ξένο">ξένο</a> ως προϊόν σχάσης), αλλά η <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μερική ημιζωή (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">μερική ημιζωή</a> αυτής της διαδικασ'ιας είναι πολύ μεγάλη και ξεπερνά τα 10<sup>21</sup> έτη αλλά η διάσπαση άλφα είναι κυρίαρχη γενικά.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200653–55_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200653–55-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Χημεία"><span id=".CE.A7.CE.B7.CE.BC.CE.B5.CE.AF.CE.B1"></span>Χημεία</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Χημεία" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=3" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Χημεία"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ένα άτομο θορίου έχει 90 ηλεκτρόνια, από τα οποία τέσσερα είναι <a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ηλεκτρόνιο σθένους">ηλεκτρόνια σθένους</a>. Τρία <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Ατομικό τροχιακό">ατομικά τροχιακά</a> είναι θεωρητικά διαθέσιμα για να τα καταλάβουν τα ηλεκτρόνια σθένους: τα 5f, 6d, και 7s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200659–60_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200659–60-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Παραγωγή"><span id=".CE.A0.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CE.B3.CF.89.CE.B3.CE.AE"></span>Παραγωγή</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Παραγωγή" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=4" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Παραγωγή"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float: right; margin: 2px; font-size:85%; margin-left:18px; margin-bottom:18px"> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background:#f9f9f9; border:1px #aaa solid"> <caption><b>Lower-bound estimates of thorium reserves in thousand <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonne (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">tonnes</a>, 2014</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Reserves </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Ινδία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ινδία">Ινδία</a></span></td> <td align="right">846 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Βραζιλία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βραζιλία">Βραζιλία</a></span></td> <td align="right">632 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Αυστραλία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αυστραλία">Αυστραλία</a></span></td> <td align="right">595 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες">Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες</a></span></td> <td align="right">595 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Αίγυπτος !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%AF%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αίγυπτος">Αίγυπτος</a></span></td> <td align="right">380 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Τουρκία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία">Τουρκία</a></span></td> <td align="right">374 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Βενεζουέλα !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/33px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/44px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Βενεζουέλα">Βενεζουέλα</a></span></td> <td align="right">300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Καναδάς !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Καναδάς">Καναδάς</a></span></td> <td align="right">172 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Ρωσία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωσία">Ρωσία</a></span></td> <td align="right">155 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Νότια Αφρική !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Νότια Αφρική">Νότια Αφρική</a></span></td> <td align="right">148 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Κίνα !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κίνα">Κίνα</a></span></td> <td align="right">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Νορβηγία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Νορβηγία">Νορβηγία</a></span></td> <td align="right">87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Γροιλανδία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γροιλανδία">Γροιλανδία</a></span></td> <td align="right">86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Φινλανδία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φινλανδία">Φινλανδία</a></span></td> <td align="right">60.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Σουηδία !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σουηδία">Σουηδία</a></span></td> <td align="right">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">Καζακστάν !</span><span class="sorttext"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν">Καζακστάν</a></span></td> <td align="right">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other countries</td> <td align="right">1,725 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Παγκόσμιο σύνολο</i></td> <td align="right">6,355 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Η χαμηλή ζήτηση καθιστά τη λειτουργία ορυχείων αποκλειστικά για την εξαγωγή του θορίου μη επικερδή, και σχεδόν πάντα εξάγεται μαζί με σπάνιες γαίες, οι οποίες με τη σειρά τους μπορεί να είναι παραπροϊόντα της εξαγωγής άλλων ορυκτών.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll20057_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll20057-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Η τρέχουσα αναγκη χρήσης μοναζίτη για παραγωγή οφείλεται στο ότι το θόριο παράγεται ως παραπροϊόν· άλλες πηγές όπως ο θορίτης περιέχουν περισσότερο θόριο και εύκολα θα μπρορούσαν να χρησιμοποιηθούν αν η ζήτηση αυξανόταν.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Η παρούσα γνώση της κατανομής των πηγών θορίου είνα ελλιπής, καθώς η χαμηλή ζήτηση έχει καταστήσει τις προσπάθειες εξερεύνησης περιορισμένες.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Το 2014 η παγκόσμια παραγωγή συγκεντρωμένου μοναζίτη, από τον οποίο το θόριο εξάγεται, ήταν 2.700 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Η συνηθισμένη πορεία παραγωγής του θορίου περιλαμβάνει συγκέντρωση των ορυκτών του θορίου, εξαγωγή του θορίου από το συγκέντρωμα, απομόνωση του καθαρού θορίου και ίσως δημιουργία ενώσεων όπως το διοξείδιο του θορίου.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll20058_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll20058-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Σύγχρονη_εφαρμογή"><span id=".CE.A3.CF.8D.CE.B3.CF.87.CF.81.CE.BF.CE.BD.CE.B7_.CE.B5.CF.86.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.BC.CE.BF.CE.B3.CE.AE"></span>Σύγχρονη εφαρμογή</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Σύγχρονη εφαρμογή" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=5" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Σύγχρονη εφαρμογή"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Χρήσεις άσχετες με τη ραδιένργειά του έχουν μειωθεί από τη δεκαετία του 1950<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll200532_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll200532-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> λόγω περιβαλλοντικών ζητημάτων προερχόμενων κυρίως από τη ραδιενεργή δραστηριότητά του θορίου και των προϊόντων σχάσης του.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200652–53_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200652–53-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Furuta_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furuta-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Οι περισσότερες εφαρμογές του θορίου αφορούν τη χρήση του διοξειδίου του (μερικές φορές αποκαλούμενο "θορία" στη βιομηχανία), παρά το ίδιο το μέταλλο. Η ένωση αυτή έχει σημείο τήξης 3300 °C (6000 °F), το υψηλότερο από όλα τα γνωστά οξείδια· μόνο μερικές ουσίες έχουν υψηλότερα σημεία τήξης.<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley2011_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley2011-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Αυτό βοηθά να παραμένει στερεό σε μια φλόγα, και αυξάνει σημαντικά τη λαμπρότητα της φλόγας· αυτός είναι ο βασικός λόγος που το θόριο χρησιμοποιείται σε gas mantles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll200531_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll200531-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Όλες οι ουσίες εκπέμπουν ενέργεια σε υψηλή θερμοκρασία, αλλά το φως που εκπέμπει το θόριο είναι σχεδόν αποκλειστικά μέσα στο <a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C_%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ορατό φάσμα">ορατό φάσμα</a> δημιουργώντας αυτή τη λαμπρότητα στους μανδύες θορίου.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivey_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivey-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Σημειώσεις"><span id=".CE.A3.CE.B7.CE.BC.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.8E.CF.83.CE.B5.CE.B9.CF.82"></span>Σημειώσεις</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Σημειώσεις" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=6" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Σημειώσεις"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Το <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βισμούθιο">βισμούθιο</a> είναι πολύ ελαφρώς ραδιενεργό, αλλά η ημιζωή του (1,9 × 10<sup>19</sup> χρόνια) είναι τόσο μακρά που η διάσπασή του είναι αμελητέα ακόμα και σε γεωλογική κλίμακα.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ενώ το <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%8A%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αϊνσταΐνιο">αϊνσταΐνιο</a> έχει βρεθεί να έχει χαμηλότερη πυκνότητα, η συγκεκριμένη μέτρηση πραγματοποιήθηκε σε δείγματα μάζας μικρογραμμαρίων, και ίσως οφείλεται στη ραγδαία αυτοκαταστροφή της κρυσταλλικής δομής που προκαλείται από την ακραία ραδιενεργή συμπεριφορά του αϊνσταϊνίου.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_METALL_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_METALL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Μετά το <a href="/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όσμιο">όσμιο</a>, το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ταντάλιο">ταντάλιο</a>, το <a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βολφράμιο">βολφράμιο</a> και το <a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρήνιο">ρήνιο</a>·<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> υψηλότερα σημεία βρασμού εικάζονται για τα μέταλλα μετάπτωσης 6d transition metals, αλλά δεν έχουν παραχθεί σε ποσότητες αρκετές για τη διερεύνηση αυτής της εικασίας.<sup id="cite_ref-BFricke_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFricke-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Παραπομπές"><span id=".CE.A0.CE.B1.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.80.CE.BF.CE.BC.CF.80.CE.AD.CF.82"></span>Παραπομπές</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Παραπομπές" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=7" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Παραπομπές"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/bridge//product.biblio.jsp?query_id=0&page=0&osti_id=5972980"><i>BNL-NCS 51363, vol. II</i></a> (1981), pages 835ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-3">2,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-4">2,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-5">2,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200661–63_3-6">2,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWicklederFourestDorhout2006">Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006</a>, σελίδες 61–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gale, W. F.· Totemeier, T. C. (2003). <i>Smithells Metals Reference Book</i> (στα Αγγλικά). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butterworth-Heinemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butterworth-Heinemann (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. σελίδες 15–2–15–3. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-0-08-048096-1" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-0-08-048096-1">978-0-08-048096-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smithells+Metals+Reference+Book&rft.pages=15-2-15-3&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-08-048096-1&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=W.+F.&rft.au=Totemeier%2C+T.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yu._D._Tretyakov-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Yu._D._Tretyakov_5-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Yu._D._Tretyakov_5-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Yu._D._Tretyakov_5-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tretyakov, Yu. D., επιμ. (2007). <i>Non-organic chemistry in three volumes</i>. Chemistry of transition elements. <b>3</b>. Academy. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-5-7695-2533-9" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-5-7695-2533-9">978-5-7695-2533-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-organic+chemistry+in+three+volumes&rft.series=Chemistry+of+transition+elements&rft.pub=Academy&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-5-7695-2533-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johansson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Johansson_6-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Johansson_6-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Johansson, B.; Abuja, R.; Eriksson, O.; Wills, J. M. (1995). «Anomalous fcc crystal structure of thorium metal.». <i>Physical Review Letters</i> <b>75</b> (2): 280–283. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.75.280">10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.280</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10059654">10059654</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PhRvL..75..280J">1995PhRvL..75..280J</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anomalous+fcc+crystal+structure+of+thorium+metal.&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Johansson%2C%26%2332%3BB.&rft.au=Abuja%2C%26%2332%3BR.&rft.au=Eriksson%2C%26%2332%3BO.&rft.au=Wills%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+M.&rft.date=1995&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=280%E2%80%93283&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.75.280&rft_id=info:pmid/10059654&rft_id=info:bibcode/1995PhRvL..75..280J&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES_METALL-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ES_METALL_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Haire, R. G.; Baybarz, R. D. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/21/88/27/PDF/ajp-jphyscol197940C431.pdf">«Studies of einsteinium metal»</a>. <i>Le Journal de Physique</i> <b>40</b>: C4–101. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2Fjphyscol%3A1979431">10.1051/jphyscol:1979431</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/21/88/27/PDF/ajp-jphyscol197940C431.pdf">http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/21/88/27/PDF/ajp-jphyscol197940C431.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Studies+of+einsteinium+metal&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+de+Physique&rft.aulast=Haire&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rft.au=Haire%2C%26%2332%3BR.+G.&rft.au=Baybarz%2C%26%2332%3BR.+D.&rft.date=1979&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=C4%E2%80%93101&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2Fjphyscol%3A1979431&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fdocs%2F00%2F21%2F88%2F27%2FPDF%2Fajp-jphyscol197940C431.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFricke-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BFricke_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fricke, Burkhard (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062"><i>Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties</i></a>. <i>Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry</i>. Structure and Bonding. <b>21</b>. σελίδες 89–144. <a href="/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ψηφιακό αναγνωριστικό αντικειμένου">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0116498">10.1007/BFb0116498</a>. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-3-540-07109-9" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-3-540-07109-9">978-3-540-07109-9</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Ανακτήθηκε στις 4 Οκτωβρίου 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Superheavy+elements%3A+a+prediction+of+their+chemical+and+physical+properties&rft.series=Structure+and+Bonding&rft.pages=89-144&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBFb0116498&rft.isbn=978-3-540-07109-9&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=Burkhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F225672062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_11-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_11-1">8,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_11-2">8,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_11-3">8,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Audi, G.; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A. H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211828/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">«The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Physics_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Physics A (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Nuclear Physics A</a></i> <b>729</b> (1): 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">το πρωτότυπο</a> στις 24 July 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211828/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211828/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNuclear+Physics+A%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Audi%2C%26%2332%3BG.&rft.au=Bersillon%2C%26%2332%3BO.&rft.au=Blachot%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Wapstra%2C%26%2332%3BA.+H.&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=729&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3%E2%80%93128&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130724211828%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Famdc%2Fnubase%2FNubase2003.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">De Laeter, J. R.; Böhlke, J. K.; De Bièvre, P.; Hidaka, H.; Peiser, H. S.; Rosman, K. J. R.; Taylor, P. D. P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2003/pdf/7506x0683.pdf">«Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)»</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> <b>75</b> (6): 683–800. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683">10.1351/pac200375060683</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2003/pdf/7506x0683.pdf">https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2003/pdf/7506x0683.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements.+Review+2000+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.aulast=De+Laeter&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.au=De+Laeter%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+R.&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+K.&rft.au=De+Bi%C3%A8vre%2C%26%2332%3BP.&rft.au=Hidaka%2C%26%2332%3BH.&rft.au=Peiser%2C%26%2332%3BH.+S.&rft.au=Rosman%2C%26%2332%3BK.+J.+R.&rft.au=Taylor%2C%26%2332%3BP.+D.+P.&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=683%E2%80%93800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2Fpdf%2F2003%2Fpdf%2F7506x0683.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2006/pdf/7811x2051.pdf">«Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)»</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> <b>78</b> (11): 2051–2066. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051">10.1351/pac200678112051</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2006/pdf/7811x2051.pdf">https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2006/pdf/7811x2051.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Ανακτήθηκε στις 27 July 2017</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2005+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.aulast=%5B%5BInternational+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BInternational+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry%5D%5D&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2051%E2%80%932066&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2Fpdf%2F2006%2Fpdf%2F7811x2051.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nagy, S. (2009). <i>Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry</i>. <b>2</b>. EOLSS Publications. σελ. 374. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-1-84826-127-3" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-1-84826-127-3">978-1-84826-127-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radiochemistry+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=EOLSS+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84826-127-3&rft.aulast=Nagy&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Griffin, H. C. (2010). «Natural Radioactive Decay Chains». Στο: Vértes, A.· Nagy, S.· Klencsár, Z.· και άλλοι. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbooknuclearc00vrte_709"><i>Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. σελ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbooknuclearc00vrte_709/page/n668">668</a>. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-1-4419-0719-6" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-1-4419-0719-6">978-1-4419-0719-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Natural+Radioactive+Decay+Chains&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.pages=668&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4419-0719-6&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbooknuclearc00vrte_709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beiser-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-beiser_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beiser, A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004204701/http://phy240.ahepl.org/Concepts_of_Modern_Physics_by_Beiser.pdf">«Nuclear Transformations»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Concepts of Modern Physics</i> (6 έκδοση). <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGraw-Hill_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGraw-Hill Education (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">McGraw-Hill Education</a>. σελίδες 432–434. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-0-07-244848-1" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-0-07-244848-1">978-0-07-244848-1</a>. Αρχειοθετήθηκε <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phy240.ahepl.org/Concepts_of_Modern_Physics_by_Beiser.pdf">από το πρωτότυπο</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> στις 4 Οκτωβρίου 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Ανακτήθηκε στις 16 Φεβρουαρίου 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Transformations&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Modern+Physics&rft.pages=432-434&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-07-244848-1&rft.aulast=Beiser&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphy240.ahepl.org%2FConcepts_of_Modern_Physics_by_Beiser.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Areva (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Areva</a>.<i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.areva.com/EN/home-2564/areva-inc-areva-med-launches-production-of-lead212-at-new-facility.html">AREVA Med launches production of lead-212 at new facility</a></i>. Δελτίο τύπου.  Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/myb1-2011-thori.pdf"><i>Mineral Yearbook 2012</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Geological_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Geological Survey (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">United States Geological Survey</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/myb1-2011-thori.pdf">http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/myb1-2011-thori.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Ανακτήθηκε στις 30 September 2017</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mineral+Yearbook+2012&rft.pub=%5B%5BUnited+States+Geological+Survey%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fthorium%2Fmyb1-2011-thori.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Ramdahl, Thomas; Bonge-Hansen, Hanne T.; Ryan, Olav B.; Larsen, Åsmund; Herstad, Gunnar; Sandberg, Marcel; Bjerke, Roger M.; Grant, Derek <i>και άλλοι</i>. (2016-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X16307478">«An efficient chelator for complexation of thorium-227»</a>. <i>Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters</i> <b>26</b> (17): 4318–4321. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bmcl.2016.07.034">10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.034</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0960-894X">0960-894X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476138">27476138</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X16307478">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X16307478</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+efficient+chelator+for+complexation+of+thorium-227&rft.jtitle=Bioorganic+%26+Medicinal+Chemistry+Letters&rft.aulast=Ramdahl&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Ramdahl%2C%26%2332%3BThomas&rft.au=Bonge-Hansen%2C%26%2332%3BHanne+T.&rft.au=Ryan%2C%26%2332%3BOlav+B.&rft.au=Larsen%2C%26%2332%3B%C3%85smund&rft.au=Herstad%2C%26%2332%3BGunnar&rft.au=Sandberg%2C%26%2332%3BMarcel&rft.au=Bjerke%2C%26%2332%3BRoger+M.&rft.au=Grant%2C%26%2332%3BDerek&rft.au=Brevik%2C%26%2332%3BEllen+M.&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=4318%E2%80%934321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bmcl.2016.07.034&rft_id=info:pmid/27476138&rft.issn=0960-894X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0960894X16307478&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Deblonde, Gauthier J.-P.; Lohrey, Trevor D.; Booth, Corwin H.; Carter, Korey P.; Parker, Bernard F.; Larsen, Åsmund; Smeets, Roger; Ryan, Olav B. <i>και άλλοι</i>. (2018-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nz4j81s">«Solution Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Metal Complexation with a Hydroxypyridinone Chelator Designed for Thorium-227 Targeted Alpha Therapy»</a>. <i>Inorganic Chemistry</i> <b>57</b> (22): 14337–14346. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.inorgchem.8b02430">10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02430</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0020-1669">0020-1669</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30372069">30372069</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nz4j81s">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nz4j81s</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Solution+Thermodynamics+and+Kinetics+of+Metal+Complexation+with+a+Hydroxypyridinone+Chelator+Designed+for+Thorium-227+Targeted+Alpha+Therapy&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Deblonde&rft.aufirst=Gauthier+J.-P.&rft.au=Deblonde%2C%26%2332%3BGauthier+J.-P.&rft.au=Lohrey%2C%26%2332%3BTrevor+D.&rft.au=Booth%2C%26%2332%3BCorwin+H.&rft.au=Carter%2C%26%2332%3BKorey+P.&rft.au=Parker%2C%26%2332%3BBernard+F.&rft.au=Larsen%2C%26%2332%3B%C3%85smund&rft.au=Smeets%2C%26%2332%3BRoger&rft.au=Ryan%2C%26%2332%3BOlav+B.&rft.au=Cuthbertson%2C%26%2332%3BAlan+S.&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=14337%E2%80%9314346&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.inorgchem.8b02430&rft_id=info:pmid/30372069&rft.issn=0020-1669&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F7nz4j81s&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Captain, Ilya; Deblonde, Gauthier J.-P.; Rupert, Peter B.; An, Dahlia D.; Illy, Marie-Claire; Rostan, Emeline; Ralston, Corie Y.; Strong, Roland K. <i>και άλλοι</i>. (2016-11-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx8r6pz">«Engineered Recognition of Tetravalent Zirconium and Thorium by Chelator–Protein Systems: Toward Flexible Radiotherapy and Imaging Platforms»</a>. <i>Inorganic Chemistry</i> <b>55</b> (22): 11930–11936. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.inorgchem.6b02041">10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02041</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0020-1669">0020-1669</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802058">27802058</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx8r6pz">http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx8r6pz</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Engineered+Recognition+of+Tetravalent+Zirconium+and+Thorium+by+Chelator%E2%80%93Protein+Systems%3A+Toward+Flexible+Radiotherapy+and+Imaging+Platforms&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Captain&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Captain%2C%26%2332%3BIlya&rft.au=Deblonde%2C%26%2332%3BGauthier+J.-P.&rft.au=Rupert%2C%26%2332%3BPeter+B.&rft.au=An%2C%26%2332%3BDahlia+D.&rft.au=Illy%2C%26%2332%3BMarie-Claire&rft.au=Rostan%2C%26%2332%3BEmeline&rft.au=Ralston%2C%26%2332%3BCorie+Y.&rft.au=Strong%2C%26%2332%3BRoland+K.&rft.au=Abergel%2C%26%2332%3BRebecca+J.&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=11930%E2%80%9311936&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.inorgchem.6b02041&rft_id=info:pmid/27802058&rft.issn=0020-1669&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F2nx8r6pz&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200653–55-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200653–55_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWicklederFourestDorhout2006">Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006</a>, σελίδες 53–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Bonetti, R.; Chiesa, C.; Guglielmetti, A.; Matheoud, R.; Poli, G.; Mikheev, V. L.; Tretyakova, S. P. (1995). «First observation of spontaneous fission and search for cluster decay of <sup>232</sup>Th». <i>Physical Review C</i> <b>51</b> (5): 2530. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.51.2530">10.1103/PhysRevC.51.2530</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PhRvC..51.2530B">1995PhRvC..51.2530B</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+observation+of+spontaneous+fission+and+search+for+cluster+decay+of+%3Csup%3E232%3C%2Fsup%3ETh&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+C&rft.aulast=Bonetti&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Bonetti%2C%26%2332%3BR.&rft.au=Chiesa%2C%26%2332%3BC.&rft.au=Guglielmetti%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Matheoud%2C%26%2332%3BR.&rft.au=Poli%2C%26%2332%3BG.&rft.au=Mikheev%2C%26%2332%3BV.+L.&rft.au=Tretyakova%2C%26%2332%3BS.+P.&rft.date=1995&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2530&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.51.2530&rft_id=info:bibcode/1995PhRvC..51.2530B&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200659–60-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200659–60_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWicklederFourestDorhout2006">Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006</a>, σελίδες 59–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll20057-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll20057_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoll2005">Stoll 2005</a>, σελ. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">United States Geological Survey (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/mcs-2012-thori.pdf">«Thorium»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Ανακτήθηκε στις 12 Μαΐου 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thorium&rft.date=2012&rft.au=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fthorium%2Fmcs-2012-thori.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation report">Jayaram, K. M. V. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234922/http://www.iaea.org/inisnkm/nkm/aws/fnss/fulltext/0412_1.pdf"><i></i>An Overview of World Thorium Resources, Incentives for Further Exploration and Forecast for Thorium Requirements in the Near Future<i></i></a> (Report). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Atomic_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Atomic Energy (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Department of Atomic Energy</a>. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaea.org/inisnkm/nkm/aws/fnss/fulltext/0412_1.pdf">το πρωτότυπο</a> στις 28 June 2011<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234922/http://www.iaea.org/inisnkm/nkm/aws/fnss/fulltext/0412_1.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234922/http://www.iaea.org/inisnkm/nkm/aws/fnss/fulltext/0412_1.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27%26%23xFEFF%3BAn+Overview+of+World+Thorium+Resources%2C+Incentives+for+Further+Exploration+and+Forecast+for+Thorium+Requirements+in+the+Near+Future%26%23xFEFF%3B%27%27&rft.aulast=Jayaram&rft.aufirst=K.+M.+V.&rft.au=Jayaram%2C%26%2332%3BK.+M.+V.&rft.date=1987&rft.pub=%5B%5BDepartment+of+Atomic+Energy%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110628234922%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaea.org%2Finisnkm%2Fnkm%2Faws%2Ffnss%2Ffulltext%2F0412_1.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation report"> (στα αγγλικά) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/index.html#mcs"><i></i>Thorium. Statistics and Information<i></i></a> (Report). <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Geological_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Geological Survey (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/index.html#mcs">https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/index.html#mcs</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Ανακτήθηκε στις 6 January 2018</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27%26%23xFEFF%3BThorium.+Statistics+and+Information%26%23xFEFF%3B%27%27&rft.date=2017&rft.pub=%5B%5BUnited+States+Geological+Survey%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fthorium%2Findex.html%23mcs&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll20058-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll20058_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoll2005">Stoll 2005</a>, σελ. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll200532-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll200532_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoll2005">Stoll 2005</a>, σελ. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200652–53-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicklederFourestDorhout200652–53_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWicklederFourestDorhout2006">Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006</a>, σελίδες 52–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Furuta-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Furuta_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Furuta, E.; Yoshizawa, Y.; Aburai, T. (2000). «Comparisons between radioactive and non-radioactive gas lantern mantles». <i>J. Radiol. Prot.</i> <b>20</b> (4): 423–431. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0952-4746%2F20%2F4%2F305">10.1088/0952-4746/20/4/305</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11140713">11140713</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JRP....20..423F">2000JRP....20..423F</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparisons+between+radioactive+and+non-radioactive+gas+lantern+mantles&rft.jtitle=J.+Radiol.+Prot.&rft.aulast=Furuta&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Furuta%2C%26%2332%3BE.&rft.au=Yoshizawa%2C%26%2332%3BY.&rft.au=Aburai%2C%26%2332%3BT.&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=423%E2%80%93431&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F0952-4746%2F20%2F4%2F305&rft_id=info:pmid/11140713&rft_id=info:bibcode/2000JRP....20..423F&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley2011-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley2011_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Emsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Emsley (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Emsley, J.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4"><i>emsley blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. σελίδες <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4/page/544">544</a>–548. <a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD/978-0-19-960563-7" title="Ειδικό:ΠηγέςΒιβλίων/978-0-19-960563-7">978-0-19-960563-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=emsley+blocks%3A+an+A%E2%80%93Z+guide+to+the+elements&rft.pages=544-548&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-960563-7&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fel.wikipedia.org%3A%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoll200531-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoll200531_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoll2005">Stoll 2005</a>, σελ. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivey-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ivey_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Ivey, H. F. (1974). «Candoluminescence and radical-excited luminescence». <i>Journal of Luminescence</i> <b>8</b> (4): 271–307. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2313%2874%2990001-5">10.1016/0022-2313(74)90001-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974JLum....8..271I">1974JLum....8..271I</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Candoluminescence+and+radical-excited+luminescence&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Luminescence&rft.aulast=Ivey&rft.aufirst=H.+F.&rft.au=Ivey%2C%26%2332%3BH.+F.&rft.date=1974&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=271%E2%80%93307&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0022-2313%2874%2990001-5&rft_id=info:bibcode/1974JLum....8..271I&rfr_id=info:sid/el.wikipedia.org:%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Εξωτερικοί_σύνδεσμοι"><span id=".CE.95.CE.BE.CF.89.CF.84.CE.B5.CF.81.CE.B9.CE.BA.CE.BF.CE.AF_.CF.83.CF.8D.CE.BD.CE.B4.CE.B5.CF.83.CE.BC.CE.BF.CE.B9"></span>Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Επεξεργασία ενότητας: Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Επεξεργασία</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&section=8" title="Επεξεργαστείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα της ενότητας: Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι"><span>επεξεργασία κώδικα</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Πολυμέσα σχετικά με το θέμα <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thorium" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thorium"> Thorium</a> στο Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wiktionary-logo-el-without-text.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-el-without-text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wiktionary-logo-el-without-text.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-el-without-text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wiktionary-logo-el-without-text.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-el-without-text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Λεξιλογικός ορισμός του <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/el:%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:el:θόριο">θόριο </a> στο Βικιλεξικό</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible" style="width:100%;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ; float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF:%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρότυπο:Περιοδικός πίνακας"><span title="Προβολή του προτύπου" style=";">π</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85:%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Συζήτηση προτύπου:Περιοδικός πίνακας"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="Συζήτηση για το πρότυπο">σ</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF:%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="Επεξεργασία προτύπου. Παρακαλούμε χρησιμοποιείτε την προεπισκόπηση.">ε</span></a></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων">Περιοδικός πίνακας</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_1" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 1">1</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υδρογόνο">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%89%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ήλιο">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_2" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 2">2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λίθιο">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βηρύλλιο">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βόριο">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άνθρακας">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Άζωτο">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Οξυγόνο">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φθόριο">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Νέον">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_3" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 3">3</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νάτριο">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγνήσιο">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αργίλιο">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πυρίτιο">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%83%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φωσφόρος">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Θείο">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χλώριο">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C" title="Αργό">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_4" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 4">4</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κάλιο">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ασβέστιο">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σκάνδιο">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τιτάνιο">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βανάδιο">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χρώμιο">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγγάνιο">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σίδηρος">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κοβάλτιο">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νικέλιο">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χαλκός">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ψευδάργυρος">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γάλλιο">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γερμάνιο">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_(%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF)" title="Αρσενικό (στοιχείο)">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σελήνιο">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βρώμιο">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Κρυπτό">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_5" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 5">5</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουβίδιο">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Στρόντιο">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8E%CF%84%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ύττριο">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ζιρκόνιο">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νιόβιο">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μολυβδαίνιο">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τεχνήτιο">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουθήνιο">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρόδιο">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Παλλάδιο">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άργυρος">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κάδμιο">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ίνδιο">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κασσίτερος">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αντιμόνιο">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τελλούριο">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιώδιο">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Ξένο">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_6" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 6">6</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καίσιο">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βάριο">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λανθάνιο">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δημήτριο">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Πρασινοδύμιο">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νεοδύμιο">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προμήθειο">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σαμάριο">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ευρώπιο">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γαδολίνιο">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τέρβιο">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%83%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δυσπρόσιο">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όλμιο">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Έρβιο">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θούλιο">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%84%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Υττέρβιο">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λουτήτιο">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%86%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Άφνιο">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ταντάλιο">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βολφράμιο">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρήνιο">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όσμιο">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιρίδιο">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λευκόχρυσος">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χρυσός">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υδράργυρος">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θάλλιο">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μόλυβδος">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βισμούθιο">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πολώνιο">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%86%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Άστατο">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ραδόνιο">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Στοιχείο Περιόδου 7 (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">7</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φράγκιο">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ράδιο">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF)" title="Ακτίνιο (στοιχείο)">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρωτακτίνιο">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ουράνιο">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ποσειδώνιο">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πλουτώνιο">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αμερίκιο">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κιούριο">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μπερκέλιο">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καλιφόρνιο">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%8A%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αϊνσταΐνιο">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φέρμιο">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεντελέβιο">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νομπέλιο">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λωρένσιο">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ραδερφόρντιο">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ντούμπνιο">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σιμπόργκιο">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μπόριο">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χάσιο">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαϊτνέριο">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νταρμστάντιο">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρεντγκένιο">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κοπερνίκιο">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%87%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νιχόνιο">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φλερόβιο">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μοσκόβιο">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λιβερμόριο">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τενέσιο">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ογκανέσσιο">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="32"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Αλκαλιμέταλλα">Αλκαλιμέταλλα</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Αλκαλικές γαίες">Αλκαλικές γαίες</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σπάνιες γαίες">Λανθανίδες</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ακτινίδες">Ακτινίδες</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Στοιχεία μετάπτωσης">Στοιχεία μετάπτωσης</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%">Άλλα <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Μέταλλα">μέταλλα</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE" title="Μεταλλοειδή">Μεταλλοειδή</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#00ffa0" width="10%">Άλλα <a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Αμέταλλα">αμέταλλα</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αλογόνα">Αλογόνα</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ευγενή αέρια">Ευγενή Αέρια</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10387572">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nv-συζ."><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85:%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Συζήτηση προτύπου:Ενώσεις θορίου (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)"><abbr title="Συζήτηση του προτύπου">σ</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-επεξ."><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF:%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&action=edit"><abbr title="Επεξεργασία του προτύπου">ε</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ενώσεις_θορίου" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ενώσεις <a class="mw-selflink selflink">θορίου</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%BF_%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Τετραφθοριούχο θόριο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Τετραφθοριούχο θόριο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%BF_%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Τετριωδιούχο θόριο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Τετριωδιούχο θόριο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ορθοπυριτικό θόριο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Ορθοπυριτικό θόριο</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%BF_%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Διθειούχο θόριο (δεν έχει γραφτεί ακόμα)">Διθειούχο θόριο</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10387572"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10730911"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Καθιερωμένοι_όροι" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Καθιερωμένοι_όροι" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Κατάλογος καθιερωμένων όρων">Καθιερωμένοι όροι</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><strong><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a></strong>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85134957">sh85134957</a></span></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a></strong>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4185331-3">4185331-3</a></span></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a></strong>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977429t">cb11977429t</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977429t">(data)</a></span></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a></strong>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573342">00573342</a></span></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a></strong>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph543054&CON_LNG=ENG">ph543054</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF:P_chemistry_blue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" 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