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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Finnish icebreaker</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg/300px-Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg/450px-Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg/600px-Finnish_icebreaker_Otso_2012-01-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span><div><i>Otso</i> returning from sea trials to the icebreaker base at Katajanokka, Helsinki, on 18 January 2012.</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/69px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/92px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">Finland</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Otso</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> term for <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Maritime_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Maritime Administration (page does not exist)">Finnish Maritime Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1986–2004)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finstaship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finstaship (page does not exist)">Finstaship</a> (2004–2010)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Arctia_Icebreaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctia Icebreaking">Arctia Icebreaking</a><sup id="cite_ref-equasis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-equasis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2010–)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Port of registry</td><td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>19 March 1984</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> <a href="/wiki/Hietalahti_shipyard" title="Hietalahti shipyard">Helsinki Shipyard</a>, Finland</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Cost</td><td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_markka" title="Finnish markka">FIM</a> 235 million</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Yard number</td><td>472</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>12 July 1985</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>30 January 1986</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>1986–present</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/IMO_number" title="IMO number">IMO number</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/imo:8405880">8405880</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_call_sign" title="Maritime call sign">Call sign</a>: OIRT</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Mobile_Service_Identity" title="Maritime Mobile Service Identity">MMSI number</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/mmsi:230252000">230252000</a><sup id="cite_ref-equasis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-equasis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Status</td><td>In service</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics <sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7,189 <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">GT</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2,157 <a href="/wiki/Net_tonnage" title="Net tonnage">NT</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>9,222 tonnes</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>99 m (324 ft 10 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>24.2 m (79 ft 5 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>8 m (26 ft 3 in) (maximum)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ice class</td><td><a href="/wiki/Polar_Class_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar Class 4">Polar Class 4</a> (2015–)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td>4<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> Vasa 16V32 (4<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>5,460<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric#Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric">Diesel-electric</a> (AC/AC)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Two shafts (2<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>7,500<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) in 0.8 m (31 in) level ice</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Crew</td><td>20</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aviation facilities</td><td>Helicopter landing area</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Otso</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> state-owned <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a>. Built by <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> <a href="/wiki/Hietalahti_shipyard" title="Hietalahti shipyard">Helsinki shipyard</a> in 1986 to replace the aging <i>Karhu</i>-class icebreakers, she was the first Finnish post-war icebreaker to be built without bow propellers. <i>Otso</i> has an identical sister ship, <a href="/wiki/Kontio_(icebreaker)" title="Kontio (icebreaker)"><i>Kontio</i></a>, which was delivered in 1987. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_construction">Development and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1980s, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_National_Board_of_Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish National Board of Navigation (page does not exist)">Finnish National Board of Navigation</a> began looking for a replacement for the aging <i>Karhu</i>-class icebreakers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_icebreaker_Karhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish icebreaker Karhu (page does not exist)"><i>Karhu</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_icebreaker_Murtaja_(1959)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish icebreaker Murtaja (1959) (page does not exist)"><i>Murtaja</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Sampo_(1960_icebreaker)" title="Sampo (1960 icebreaker)"><i>Sampo</i></a> which had been built in the late 1950s and were no longer wide enough to escort modern merchant ships.<sup id="cite_ref-sws_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sws-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the old icebreakers were expensive to operate and, despite their small size, required a relatively large crew of 53.<sup id="cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaukiainen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of the new class of icebreakers, dubbed <i>Karhu II</i> in the preliminary papers, intensified when Wärtsilä opened <a href="/wiki/Aker_Arctic" title="Aker Arctic">a new ice model test facility</a> in 1983. The tenth post-war icebreaker of Finland was ordered from <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> <a href="/wiki/Hietalahti_shipyard" title="Hietalahti shipyard">Helsinki shipyard</a> on 19 March 1984 with a price of <a href="/wiki/Finnish_markka" title="Finnish markka">FIM</a> 235 million.<sup id="cite_ref-sws_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sws-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was launched on 12 July 1985 and delivered to the owners on 30 January 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Her name, <i>Otso</i>, is one of the many terms for <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish language</a>. In January 1987, <i>Otso</i> was followed by a similarly-named sister ship, <i>Kontio</i>, after which the three <i>Karhu</i>-class icebreakers were decommissioned and sold.<sup id="cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaukiainen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During extensive ice trials in the <a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a> in March 1986, <i>Otso</i> was put through a series of test to determine her icebreaking capability. In a race against the 1975-built <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_icebreaker_Urho_(1975)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish icebreaker Urho (1975) (page does not exist)"><i>Urho</i></a> in 0.8-metre (31 in) level ice, <i>Otso</i> beat the older but more powerful four-propelled icebreaker by more than a ship's length,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-turunen37-39_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turunen37-39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing that in terms of ice resistance the new icebreaker was superior to her predecessor.<sup id="cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaukiainen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-navigator6-1986_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigator6-1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 40-centimetre (16 in) ice, she could easily maintain a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) and small ice ridges along the way appeared to be of no consequence to the vessel. However, the strength of the new icebreaker was put to the ultimate test when she encountered a large pressure ridge reaching all the way to the seafloor some 20 metres (66 ft) below the surface. After preparations, <i>Otso</i> was accelerated to a speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) and rammed into the ridge at full power. Since the new icebreaker had a smooth inclined <a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">stem</a> and lacked the bow propellers of her predecessors, she rode up the ridge and began listing to the port side as the hull rose from the water. After coming to a stop, <i>Otso</i> slid back by herself without utilizing the engines, and the ridge was penetrated on the second charge.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-turunen37-39_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turunen37-39-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The robustness of the ship and its propulsion system were further proven when the icebreaker was backed into a ridge at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) "to prove to the customer it doesn't break".<sup id="cite_ref-popularmechanics_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popularmechanics-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Considered to be a successful design that incorporated the latest Finnish icebreaker technology, <i>Otso</i> was later used as a design basis for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> icebreaker <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Healy_(WAGB-20)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Healy (WAGB-20)"><i>Healy</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>{ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg/220px-Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg/330px-Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg/440px-Otso_Raahe_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3645" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption><i>Otso</i> in unbroken level ice outside <a href="/wiki/Raahe" title="Raahe">Raahe</a> in February 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the 99-metre (325 ft) <i>Otso</i> is slightly shorter than her predecessors <i>Urho</i> and <i>Sisu</i>, she is slightly wider and was, at the time of her delivery, the widest subarctic icebreaker in the world with a beam of 24.2 metres (79 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-sws_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sws-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with a maximum draft of 8 metres (26 ft) and a minimum operating draft of only 7.3 metres (24 ft), <i>Otso</i> is able to escort ships to shallower ports than her predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-navigator6-1986_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigator6-1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The displacement of the icebreaker is 9,222 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many ways, <i>Otso</i> was a significant departure from the traditional Finnish icebreaker design. The extended <a href="/wiki/Bridge_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge wing">bridge wings</a> on top of the stylish superstructure feature full-depth all-round windows that provide almost 360 degree visibility from the main steering position, which has been moved to the starboard bridge wing from the centerline.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smk2-85_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smk2-85-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the traditional colours dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russian</a> era, yellow and black, were replaced with the colors of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">flag of Finland</a>, blue and white. Due to the extensive use of advanced automation, which allowed everything ranging from starting and stopping the main engines to raising and lowering the flag to be done remotely from the bridge, <i>Otso</i> had the smallest crew among Finnish state-owned icebreakers when she entered service in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaukiainen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later her crew has been further reduced to 20.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Otso</i> was also the first icebreaker in which the <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)" title="Lifeboat (shipboard)">lifeboats</a>, unusable in ice-covered waters, were replaced with inflatable life rafts that could be lowered on the ice.<sup id="cite_ref-smk2-85_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smk2-85-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While <i>Otso</i> holds the highest <a href="/wiki/Finnish-Swedish_ice_class" title="Finnish-Swedish ice class">Finnish-Swedish ice class</a>, 1A Super,<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has hardly any meaning for icebreakers which are of considerably stronger build than merchant ships operating in their care. Coated with low-friction <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inerta_160&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inerta 160 (page does not exist)">Inerta<span class="nowrap"> </span>160</a> epoxy paint, the hull plating has thickness of over 30 millimetres (1.2 in) in the bow and the waterline is protected by an <a href="/wiki/Explosion_welding" title="Explosion welding">explosion welded</a> <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> compound plating that further reduces ice friction and resists abrasion.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popularmechanics_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popularmechanics-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Galvanic_corrosion" title="Galvanic corrosion">Galvanic corrosion</a> is prevented by active <a href="/wiki/Cathodic_protection" title="Cathodic protection">cathodic protection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_and_propulsion">Power and propulsion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Power and propulsion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like all modern Finnish icebreakers, <i>Otso</i> has a <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric#Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric">diesel-electric</a> propulsion system. It utilizes the so-called power plant principle in which the main generators provide electricity for all shipboard consumers through a common <a href="/wiki/Busbar" title="Busbar">busbar</a>. Her main generators, four <a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">16-cylinder</a> Wärtsilä Vasa 16V32 four-stroke medium-speed <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> producing 5,460<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW each and driving 7,540 kVA Kymi-<a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mberg_(company)" title="Strömberg (company)">Strömberg</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternator" title="Alternator">alternators</a>, are located on the upper deck beneath the helicopter platform.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyclo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific volume in which the source appears. (June 2023)">issue needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition, she has two smaller Wärtsilä 4R22/26 generators with an output of 350<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW for use in ports.<sup id="cite_ref-smk2-85_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smk2-85-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uncommon location of the engine room was chosen to improve the seakeeping characteristics of the icebreaker by moving the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of gravity">center of gravity</a> higher to calm the ship's motions in heavy weather. In addition, the maintenance of the main engines is easier as the heavy engine components can be handled with the ship's main crane and the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_fuel_oil" title="Heavy fuel oil">heavy fuel oil</a> tanks could be placed amidships to reduce the probability of an oil spill in case of grounding.<sup id="cite_ref-navigator6-1986_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigator6-1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <i>Otso</i> and her sister ship <i>Kontio</i> are the only Finnish icebreakers running on heavy fuel oil which, being the cheapest fuel available, reduces operational costs of the icebreaker.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Otso</i> was the first icebreaker in the world to utilize <a href="/wiki/Cycloconverter" title="Cycloconverter">cycloconverters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a> (AC) propulsion motors.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although electrical propulsion had already been used in Finnish icebreakers for almost five decades due to its flexibility and good torque characteristics at low propeller speeds, the older vessels had <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> (DC) propulsion motors which were very heavy and bulky at such power levels. Although it would have been possible to use two smaller DC motors in tandem, recent advances in drive and control technology as well as excellent experiences from a prototype installation on board the Finnish research vessel <a href="/wiki/Katarina_(1953_ship)" title="Katarina (1953 ship)"><i>Aranda</i></a> were in favor of the new type of propulsion system. As a result, <i>Otso</i> was fitted with two Kymi-Strömberg <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_motor" title="Synchronous motor">synchronous</a> AC motors rated at 7,500<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW. The maximum power is available at propeller speeds ranging from 115 to 220<span class="nowrap"> </span>rpm to both directions and at lower speeds the propulsion motors are capable of providing 130% of the rated torque to prevent the four-bladed stainless steel propellers from jamming in severe ice conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyclo_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bollard_pull" title="Bollard pull">bollard pull</a> of <i>Otso</i> is 160<span class="nowrap"> </span>tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the construction of <i>Otso</i>, all Finnish state-owned icebreakers built after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> had been fitted with two bow propellers to reduce the friction between ice and the hull of the vessel in difficult ice conditions. However, the quad-shaft propulsion system was expensive to build and maintain, and the forward propeller bossings considerably increased the resistance of the ship. Although Finnish icebreaker captains voiced their concerns about the maneuverability and icebreaking capability of a vessel without bow propellers especially in heavy ice ridges and at crawling speeds,<sup id="cite_ref-smk4-86_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smk4-86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extensive model testing at Wärtsilä's new ice model test basin showed that the ice resistance could be reduced by replacing the bow propellers with a "clean" hull and adopting an air bubbling system to lubricate the hull.<sup id="cite_ref-motorship_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patented <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4_Air_Bubbling_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wärtsilä Air Bubbling System (page does not exist)">Wärtsilä Air Bubbling System</a> (WABS) onboard <i>Otso</i> consists of three compressors with a combined output of 1,900<span class="nowrap"> </span>kW that pump air through 46 nozzles located below the waterline on both sides of the vessel. At low speeds, the system can also be used for manoeuvering. In addition, she has large ballast tanks and high-capacity pumps that can be used for rapid heeling and trimming to release the icebreaker if she is immobilized by compressive pack ice.<sup id="cite_ref-smk2-85_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smk2-85-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, <i>Otso</i> was fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Bow_thruster" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow thruster">bow thruster</a> to assist manoeuvering while the icebreaker was drydocked at <a href="/wiki/Vuosaari_shipyard" title="Vuosaari shipyard">Vuosaari shipyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg/220px-Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg/330px-Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg/440px-Otso_escorting_Mirva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="2529" /></a><figcaption><i>Otso</i> escorting a merchant ship in the Gulf of Bothnia in March 2011. Close towing, in which the escorted ship is pulled to the towing notch of the icebreaker, is commonly used for smaller vessels.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before <i>Otso</i> entered service in 1986, the Finnish icebreaker captains were sceptical about the ability of an icebreaker without bow propellers to operate successfully in the shallow Finnish waters characterized by heavy ice ridges. However, after the early <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teething_problem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teething problem (page does not exist)">teething problems</a> and successful ice trials, the opinions changed and the performance of the "Bubbler of the Bothnian Bay" was generally deemed to be satisfactory.<sup id="cite_ref-smk4-86_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smk4-86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, <i>Otso</i> and her sister ship <i>Kontio</i> have proved to be very cost-efficient and for that reason they are the first Finnish state-owned icebreakers to be deployed for icebreaking in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a> every winter.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2015, <i>Otso</i> and <i>Kontio</i> were the last Finnish icebreakers designed solely for escorting merchant ships through iced-over waters.<sup id="cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaukiainen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, the Finnish Maritime Administration commissioned three multipurpose icebreakers with a secondary role in <a href="/wiki/Offshore_drilling" title="Offshore drilling">offshore</a> construction projects during the summer months. However, due to the criticism of the multipurpose icebreakers and Arctic offshore drilling in general, <a href="/wiki/Polaris_(icebreaker)" title="Polaris (icebreaker)">the new icebreaker</a> that will replace the aging <a href="/wiki/Voima_(1952_icebreaker)" title="Voima (1952 icebreaker)"><i>Voima</i></a> in 2015 will be a traditional one.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015, Arctia Shipping announced that <i>Otso</i> had been chartered to an unnamed client to support seismic surveys in the Arctic for two years with an option of two additional years. The vessel was upgraded for service in the northern latitudes by increasing her ice strengthening, previously adequate only for icebreaking in the Baltic Sea, to <i><a href="/wiki/Polar_Class_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar Class 4">Polar Class 4</a></i> (PC 4) which is intended for vessels operating year-round in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions. Furthermore, a 250-cubic-metre (8,800 cu ft) anti-rolling tank was installed to improve her open water characteristics. Other additions included lifeboats to allow unrestricted worldwide service as well as a new helideck. The modifications were carried out by <a href="/wiki/Rauma_Marine_Constructions" title="Rauma Marine Constructions">Rauma Marine Constructions</a>. After the summer season in the Arctic, <i>Otso</i> would return to the Baltic Sea icebreaking duty by November as mandated by the icebreaking contract between Arctia Shipping and the Finnish Transport Agency.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finnish National Board of Navigation until 1998.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:IMO_8405880" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:IMO 8405880"><i>Otso</i></a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-equasis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-equasis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-equasis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equasis.org/EquasisWeb/restricted/ShipInfo?fs=Search&P_IMO=8405880">"<i>Otso</i> (8405880)"</a></span>. <i>Equasis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology,_Sustainable_Development_and_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy">Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Equasis&rft.atitle=Otso+%288405880%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.equasis.org%2FEquasisWeb%2Frestricted%2FShipInfo%3Ffs%3DSearch%26P_IMO%3D8405880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arctia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctia_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130413/http://arctia.fi/ship/otso/">"IB Otso"</a> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Arctia Oy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arctia.fi/ship/otso/">the original</a> on 28 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IB+Otso&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Arctia+Oy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farctia.fi%2Fship%2Fotso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motorship-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motorship_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Finland's latest icebreaker uses ac/ac diesel-electric propulsion". <i>The Motor Ship</i>. Vol. 67, no. 791. June 1986. pp. 21–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Motor+Ship&rft.atitle=Finland%27s+latest+icebreaker+uses+ac%2Fac+diesel-electric+propulsion&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=791&rft.pages=21-24&rft.date=1986-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sws-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sws_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sws_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sws_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Karhu II - A new-generation icebreaker". <i>Shipping World & Shipbuilder</i>. October 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shipping+World+%26+Shipbuilder&rft.atitle=Karhu+II+-+A+new-generation+icebreaker&rft.date=1985-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaukiainen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaukiainen_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaukiainen1992">Kaukiainen 1992</a>, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Uusi murtaja tilattu" [New icebreaker ordered]. <i>Suomen Merenkulku</i> (in Finnish). June 1984. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomen+Merenkulku&rft.atitle=Uusi+murtaja+tilattu&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1984-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><i>Helsingin Sanomat</i>. 31 January 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.date=1986-01-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotiranta2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kotiranta, Erkki (20 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205135721/http://www.hs.fi/ihmiset/art-2000002911632.html">"Talvimerenkulun taitaja oli ennen kaikkea merimies"</a> [A master of winter seafaring was above all a sailor]. <i>Helsingin Sanomat</i> (in Finnish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hs.fi/paivanlehti/20072016/a1468895009893">the original</a> on 5 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Talvimerenkulun+taitaja+oli+ennen+kaikkea+merimies&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.aulast=Kotiranta&rft.aufirst=Erkki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fpaivanlehti%2F20072016%2Fa1468895009893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turunen37-39-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turunen37-39_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turunen37-39_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurunenPartanen2011">Turunen & Partanen 2011</a>, pp. 37–39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navigator6-1986-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-navigator6-1986_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navigator6-1986_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navigator6-1986_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Telakoiden vaikein vuosi menossa". <i>Navigator</i> (in Finnish). June 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Navigator&rft.atitle=Telakoiden+vaikein+vuosi+menossa&rft.date=1986-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popularmechanics-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popularmechanics_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popularmechanics_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KOQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PP94">"Icebreakers!"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. Vol. 166, no. 2. New York. February 1989. pp. 58–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Icebreakers%21&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=58-59&rft.date=1989-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKOQDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPP94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Strong Finnish involvement in U.S. icebreakers". <i>Navigator Yearbook 2016</i>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Navigator+Yearbook+2016&rft.atitle=Strong+Finnish+involvement+in+U.S.+icebreakers&rft.pages=20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smk2-85-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smk2-85_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smk2-85_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smk2-85_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smk2-85_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Jäänmurtajalaivastoa uusitaan". <i>Suomen Merenkulku</i> (in Finnish). February 1985. pp. 6–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomen+Merenkulku&rft.atitle=J%C3%A4%C3%A4nmurtajalaivastoa+uusitaan&rft.pages=6-8&rft.date=1985-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cyclo-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cyclo_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyclo_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Cycloconverters for the new icebreaker from Kymmene-Strömberg". <i>Navigator</i>. 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Navigator&rft.atitle=Cycloconverters+for+the+new+icebreaker+from+Kymmene-Str%C3%B6mberg&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191404/http://www.demari.fi/politiikka/uutiset/15683-arctia-shippingin-luottamusmiehet-ruotsalaisille-annettu-etua">"Arctia Shippingin luottamusmiehet: Ruotsalaisille annettu etua"</a> [Trustees of Arctia Shipping: Advantage given to Swedes]. <i>Demari.fi</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Kustannus Oy. 15 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demari.fi/politiikka/uutiset/15683-arctia-shippingin-luottamusmiehet-ruotsalaisille-annettu-etua">the original</a> on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demari.fi&rft.atitle=Arctia+Shippingin+luottamusmiehet%3A+Ruotsalaisille+annettu+etua&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demari.fi%2Fpolitiikka%2Fuutiset%2F15683-arctia-shippingin-luottamusmiehet-ruotsalaisille-annettu-etua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smk4-86-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smk4-86_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smk4-86_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Otso osoittautui kelpo murtajaksi". <i>Suomen Merenkulku</i> (in Finnish). April 1986. pp. 22–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomen+Merenkulku&rft.atitle=Otso+osoittautui+kelpo+murtajaksi&rft.pages=22-24&rft.date=1986-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHäkkinen2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Häkkinen, Pentti (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noppa.aalto.fi/noppa/kurssi/kul-24.4420/materiaali/Kul-24_4420_otson_vierailu.doc"><i>Muistiinpanot JM Otson vierailusta 18.11.2009</i></a> (in Finnish). Teknillinen Korkeakoulu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muistiinpanot+JM+Otson+vierailusta+18.11.2009&rft.pub=Teknillinen+Korkeakoulu&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4kkinen&rft.aufirst=Pentti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoppa.aalto.fi%2Fnoppa%2Fkurssi%2Fkul-24.4420%2Fmateriaali%2FKul-24_4420_otson_vierailu.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023004531/http://www.lvm.fi/tiedote/-/view/4118574">"Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriön budjettiehdotus"</a> [Budget proposal of the Ministry of Transport and Communications] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö. 8 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lvm.fi/web/fi/tiedote/-/view/4118574">the original</a> on 23 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liikenne-+ja+viestint%C3%A4ministeri%C3%B6n+budjettiehdotus&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lvm.fi%2Fweb%2Ffi%2Ftiedote%2F-%2Fview%2F4118574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yle.fi/uutiset/ministeri_ja_varustamo_eri_linjoilla_uudesta_jaanmurtajasta/5236137">"Ministeri ja varustamo eri linjoilla uudesta jäänmurtajasta"</a> [The minister and the shipping company are on different lines about the new icebreaker] (in Finnish). YLE. 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ministeri+ja+varustamo+eri+linjoilla+uudesta+j%C3%A4%C3%A4nmurtajasta&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fuutiset%2Fministeri_ja_varustamo_eri_linjoilla_uudesta_jaanmurtajasta%2F5236137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundén2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lundén, Kimmo (10 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035614/http://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/otson-kylkiin-terasta-kannelle-helikopterikentta-ja-vesiallas-miehistolle-arktiset-palkanlisat-3474552">"Otson kylkiin terästä, kannelle helikopterikenttä ja vesiallas – miehistölle arktiset palkanlisät"</a> [Steel on the sides, a helipad and a pool of water on the deck - arctic bonuses for the crew]. <i>Talouselämä</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Talentum Media Oy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/otson-kylkiin-terasta-kannelle-helikopterikentta-ja-vesiallas-miehistolle-arktiset-palkanlisat-3474552">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Talousel%C3%A4m%C3%A4&rft.atitle=Otson+kylkiin+ter%C3%A4st%C3%A4%2C+kannelle+helikopterikentt%C3%A4+ja+vesiallas+%E2%80%93+miehist%C3%B6lle+arktiset+palkanlis%C3%A4t&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.aulast=Lund%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Kimmo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talouselama.fi%2Fuutiset%2Fotson-kylkiin-terasta-kannelle-helikopterikentta-ja-vesiallas-miehistolle-arktiset-palkanlisat-3474552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaukiainen1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kaukiainen, Yrjö (1992). <i>Navigare Necesse – Merenkulkulaitos 1917–1992</i> [<i>Navigare Necesse – The Maritime Administration 1917–1992</i>] (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-47-6776-4" title="Special:BookSources/951-47-6776-4"><bdi>951-47-6776-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navigare+Necesse+%E2%80%93+Merenkulkulaitos+1917%E2%80%931992&rft.place=Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4&rft.pub=Gummerus+Kirjapaino+Oy&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=951-47-6776-4&rft.aulast=Kaukiainen&rft.aufirst=Yrj%C3%B6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurunenPartanen2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Turunen, Ari; Partanen, Petja (2011). <i>Raakaa voimaa – Suomalaisen jäänmurtamisen tarina</i> [<i>Raw power – The story of Finnish icebreaking</i>] (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Atena Kustannus Oy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-796-762-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-796-762-4"><bdi>978-951-796-762-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raakaa+voimaa+%E2%80%93+Suomalaisen+j%C3%A4%C3%A4nmurtamisen+tarina&rft.place=Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4&rft.pub=Atena+Kustannus+Oy&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-951-796-762-4&rft.aulast=Turunen&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft.au=Partanen%2C+Petja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtso+%28icebreaker%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Icebreakers_of_Finland" title="Template:Icebreakers of Finland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Icebreakers_of_Finland" title="Template talk:Icebreakers of Finland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Icebreakers_of_Finland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Icebreakers of Finland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Icebreakers_of_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreakers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel-electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sisu_(1938_icebreaker)" title="Sisu (1938 icebreaker)"><i>Sisu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voima_(1952_icebreaker)" title="Voima (1952 icebreaker)"><i>Voima</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karhu_(icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karhu (icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Karhu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtaja_(1959_icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtaja (1959 icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Murtaja</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampo_(1960_icebreaker)" title="Sampo (1960 icebreaker)"><i>Sampo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarmo_(1963_icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarmo (1963 icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Tarmo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanse_(icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanse (icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Hanse</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varma_(icebreaker)" title="Varma (icebreaker)"><i>Varma</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apu_(1970_icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apu (1970 icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Apu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urho_(icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urho (icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Urho</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisu_(1976_icebreaker)" title="Sisu (1976 icebreaker)"><i>Sisu</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Otso</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontio_(icebreaker)" title="Kontio (icebreaker)"><i>Kontio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSV_Fennica" title="MSV Fennica"><i>Fennica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSV_Nordica" title="MSV Nordica"><i>Nordica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSV_Botnica" title="MSV Botnica"><i>Botnica</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_(icebreaker)" title="Polaris (icebreaker)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steam-powered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtaja_(1890_icebreaker)" title="Murtaja (1890 icebreaker)"><i>Murtaja</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampo_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Sampo (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Sampo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apu_(1899_icebreaker)" title="Apu (1899 icebreaker)"><i>Apu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmo_(1907_icebreaker)" title="Tarmo (1907 icebreaker)"><i>Tarmo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suur_T%C3%B5ll_(icebreaker)" title="Suur Tõll (icebreaker)"><i>Wäinämöinen</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmarinen_(icebreaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmarinen (icebreaker)"><i>Ilmarinen</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voima_(1924_icebreaker)" title="Voima (1924 icebreaker)"><i>Voima</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4karhu_(icebreaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jääkarhu (icebreaker)"><i>Jääkarhu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>†</sup> No longer in service in Finland</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&oldid=1252247058">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otso_(icebreaker)&oldid=1252247058</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1985_ships" title="Category:1985 ships">1985 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