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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="Yes"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Figure 2 | The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health</title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health - Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs44197-024-00321-6/MediaObjects/44197_2024_321_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="44197"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 2024"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-14"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="ReviewPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models. The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87–3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08–3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children. Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child’s survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2210-6014"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-14"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="ReviewPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="11"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="J Epidemiol Glob Health"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer Netherlands"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2210-6014"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/14"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="11"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Review Article"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta name="size" content="146603"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have "/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Moges, Sisay"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Lajore, Bereket Aberham"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Oleba, Abera Feyisa"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Godebo, Abraham Samuel"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Funga, Mengistu Lodebo"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Medicine/Public Health, general"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Virus Eradication; citation_title=Traversing the cascade: urgent research priorities for implementing the ‘treat all’strategy for children and adolescents living with HIV in sub-saharan Africa; citation_author=LA Enane; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=40-6; citation_doi=10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30344-7; citation_id=CR1"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Lancet HIV; citation_title=Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study; citation_author=B Sartorius; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=e363-75; citation_doi=10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00051-5; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="World health Organization(WHO). 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Obesity, undernutrition and the double burden of malnutrition in the urban and rural southern Free State, South Africa. Heliyon. 2018;4(12)."/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Indian J Community Med; citation_title=Nutritional anemia in young children with focus on Asia and India; citation_author=PV Kotecha; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=8-16; citation_doi=10.4103/0970-0218.80786; citation_id=CR66"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Moges, Sisay"/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="Sisaymoges55@gmail.com"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Family Health, Hossana College of Science, Hosanna, Ethiopia"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Lajore, Bereket Aberham"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Family Health, Hossana College of Science, Hosanna, Ethiopia"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Oleba, Abera Feyisa"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Clinical Nursing, Hossana College of Science, Hosanna, Ethiopia"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Godebo, Abraham Samuel"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Hossana College of Science, Hosanna, Ethiopia"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Funga, Mengistu Lodebo"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Midwifery, Hossana College of Science, Hosanna, Ethiopia"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Background Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models. Results The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87–3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08–3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children. Conclusion Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child’s survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs44197-024-00321-6/MediaObjects/44197_2024_321_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e6e6e6">   <link rel="stylesheet" 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Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models. The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87–3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08–3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children. Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child’s survival. 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2</span><meta itemprop="position" content="4"> </li> </ol> </nav> <main> <div id="figure-2-title" class="u-display-none">Fig. 2 | Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health</div><article><header class="u-mb-16"><h1 class="c-article-satellite-title u-h1" data-test="top-caption" id="Fig2">Fig. 2</h1><p class="c-article-satellite-subtitle">From: <a data-test="subtitle" data-article-title="true" data-track="click" data-track-action="back to article" data-track-label="link" data-track-category="figure" href="/article/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6">The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</a></p></header><div class="c-article-figure-content"><figure data-test="figure"><div class="c-article-figure-content-image"><div class="c-article-figure-content-image-inline"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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