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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: gold;"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Quamquam pluries</i></span><br /><small> <a href="/wiki/Encyclical_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclical letter">Encyclical</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope <span class="nowrap">Leo XIII</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pope Leo XIII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg/75px-C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg/113px-C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg/150px-C_o_a_Leon_XIII.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Signature date </span></th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1889</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">On Devotion to Saint Joseph</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number</th><td class="infobox-data">32 of 85 of the pontificate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15081889_quamquam-pluries_en.html">In English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px"><div style="float: left;">← <i>Magni Nobis</i></div> <div style="float: right;"><i>Sapientiae Christianae</i> →</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papa_Leone_XIII_(1898).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Papa_Leone_XIII_%281898%29.jpg/220px-Papa_Leone_XIII_%281898%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Papa_Leone_XIII_%281898%29.jpg/330px-Papa_Leone_XIII_%281898%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Papa_Leone_XIII_%281898%29.jpg/440px-Papa_Leone_XIII_%281898%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption>Leo XIII.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Quamquam pluries</b></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>. It was issued on August 15, 1889 in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> in Rome. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saint_Joseph">Saint Joseph</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quamquam_pluries&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Saint Joseph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leo XIII presented <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> as a model at a time when the world and the Church were wrestling with the challenges posed by modernity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the encyclical <i>Quamquam pluries</i>, Leo XIII was the first pope to draw the lines of a <a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">theology of Saint Joseph</a>, with clearly defined titles that fit into the history of <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a>, of human <a href="/wiki/Redemption_(theology)" title="Redemption (theology)">redemption</a>, both at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">incarnation</a>, as husband of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> and father of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, and at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Church</a>'s life, as its natural protector.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pope stated the challenges facing the Church and urged Catholics to pray to Saint Joseph, as the patron of the Church: </p> <blockquote><p> The special motives for which St. Joseph has been proclaimed Patron of the Church, and from which the Church looks for singular benefit from his patronage and protection, are that Joseph was the spouse of Mary and that he was reputed the Father of Jesus Christ. From these sources have sprung his dignity, his holiness, his glory. ...Thus in giving Joseph the Blessed Virgin as spouse, God appointed him to be not only her life's companion, the witness of her maidenhood, the protector of her honour, but also, by virtue of the conjugal tie, a participator in her sublime dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-quamquam_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quamquam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Saint_Joseph_(husband_of_Mary)" title="Category:Saint Joseph (husband of Mary)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guido_Reni_042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Guido_Reni_042.jpg/150px-Guido_Reni_042.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Guido_Reni_042.jpg/225px-Guido_Reni_042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Guido_Reni_042.jpg/300px-Guido_Reni_042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2399" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a></i> (c. 1640) by <a href="/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> General articles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_the_Virgin" title="Marriage of the Virgin">marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_dreams" title="Saint Joseph's dreams">Saint Joseph's dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph's Day</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Prayers and devotions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Joseph" title="Prayer to Saint Joseph">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena_to_Saint_Joseph" title="Novena to Saint Joseph">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_of_St._Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplet of St. Joseph">Chaplet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapular_of_Saint_Joseph" title="Scapular of Saint Joseph">Scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_of_St._Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord of St. Joseph">Cord</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Organisations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Joseph" title="Sisters of St. Joseph">Sisters of St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephite_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephite Fathers">Josephite Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephites_of_Belgium" title="Josephites of Belgium">Josephites of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St_Joseph_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart">Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_St._Joseph" title="Oblates of St. Joseph">Oblates of St. Joseph</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Papal documents</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quamquam pluries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_custos" title="Redemptoris custos">Redemptoris custos</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Josephology" title="Template:Josephology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Josephology" title="Template talk:Josephology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Josephology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Josephology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labor_as_a_vocation">Labor as a vocation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quamquam_pluries&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Labor as a vocation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leo was concerned with the industrial capitalism of the end of the nineteenth century and its treatment of workers. According to D. Stephen Long, Pope Leo "viewed labor not as a mere commodity subject to free competition, but as a dignified vocation."<sup id="cite_ref-Long_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to Saint Joseph, Pope Leo wrote, "[h]e set himself to protect with a mighty love and a daily solicitude his spouse and the Divine Infant; regularly by his work he earned what was necessary for the one and the other for nourishment and clothing"<sup id="cite_ref-quamquam_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quamquam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pope Leo saw the family as the foundation of Christianity and society, therefore, a wage sufficient to support the family was essential.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long explains that the Holy Family provides an example of the <a href="/wiki/Dignity_of_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dignity of labor">dignity of labor</a> and the obligation of the employer to provide a living-wage. Leo opposes both capitalism's infringement on the family and socialism's call for common ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a subject Leo would expand upon two years later in <i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i>. </p><p>The pope then prescribed that during October, a prayer to Saint Joseph be added to the <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and granted an indulgence of seven years and seven Lents for each such act; the prayer remains enriched with a partial indulgence in the current <i><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Enchiridion Indulgentiarum</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quamquam_pluries&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_encyclicals_of_Pope_Leo_XIII" title="List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII">List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Custos" class="mw-redirect" title="Redemptoris Custos">Redemptoris Custos</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quamquam_pluries&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Commentary: St Joseph the Worker in the 21st century", Catholic News Agency, May 01, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/leone-xiii-e-il-patrono-della-chiesa-universale">"Leo XIII, and patron of the universal Church", <i>L'Osservatore Romano</i>, March 28, 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quamquam-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quamquam_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quamquam_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15081889_quamquam-pluries_en.html">Pope Leo XIII. "Quamquam pluries", §3, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Long_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Long_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KrCCAgAAQBAJ&dq=quamquam+pluries&pg=PT285">Long, D. Stephen. <i>Divine Economy</i>, Routledge, 2002</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134588879" title="Special:BookSources/9781134588879">9781134588879</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8p36gcn1aQMC&dq=quamquam+pluries&pg=PA15">McDannell, Colleen. <i>The Christian Home in Victorian America, 1840--1900</i>, Indiana University Press, 1994</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253113566" title="Special:BookSources/9780253113566">9780253113566</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usccb.org/prayers/prayer-st-joseph-after-rosary">"Prayer to St. Joseph after the Rosary", USCCB</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quamquam_pluries&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15081889_quamquam-pluries_en.html">Vatican website: <i>Quamquam pluries</i></a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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