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Schuster</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Dara Schuster"> <meta name="keywords" content="Dara Schuster"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Dara Schuster"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 29</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Dara Schuster</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Efficacy and Safety by Baseline A1c with Once-Weekly Dulaglutide in the AWARD Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Mostafa">Alaa Mostafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Dagogo-Jack"> Samuel Dagogo-Jack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20Thieu"> Vivian Thieu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Yu"> Maria Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Zhang"> Nan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Schuster"> Dara Schuster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis-Emilio%20Garcia-Perez"> Luis-Emilio Garcia-Perez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dulaglutide (DU), a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, was studied in the AWARD clinical trial program in adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and demonstrated significant hemoglobin A1c (A1c) reduction and potential for weight loss. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DU 1.5 mg and DU 0.75 mg in patients with T2D by baseline A1c <8.5% or ≥8.5%, a post-hoc analysis was conducted on AWARD-1 to -6 and -8 at 6 months. Across 7 studies, 55% to 82% of the DU-treated patients had a baseline A1c <8.5%, and 18% to 45% had a baseline A1c ≥8.5%. The ranges of A1c reductions with baseline A1c <8.5% and ≥8.5%, respectively, were: DU 1.5 mg: -0.67% to -1.25% and -1.22% to -2.37%; DU 0.75 mg: -0.53% to -1.07% and -1.37% to -2.19%. The A1c reduction from the pooled analysis was greater in patients with baseline A1c ≥8.5% than patients with baseline A1c <8.5%, respectively: DU 1.5 mg: -1.86% and -1.02%; DU 0.75 mg: -1.75% and -0.83%. DU treatments were well tolerated among baseline A1c subgroups. Across the AWARD program, DU 1.5 mg and DU 0.75 mg demonstrated significant A1c reduction in both subgroups with an acceptable safety profile. Compared to patients with baseline A1c <8.5%, patients with baseline A1c ≥8.5% had greater A1c reduction. Disclosures: This study was supported and conducted by Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A1c%20reduction" title="A1c reduction">A1c reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dulaglutide" title=" dulaglutide"> dulaglutide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title=" type 2 diabetes"> type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20loss" title=" weight loss"> weight loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62989/efficacy-and-safety-by-baseline-a1c-with-once-weekly-dulaglutide-in-the-award-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Laban Movement Analysis Using Kinect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernstein%20Ran">Bernstein Ran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafir%20Tal"> Shafir Tal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsachor%20Rachelle"> Tsachor Rachelle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Studd%20Karen"> Studd Karen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schuster%20Assaf"> Schuster Assaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laban Movement Analysis (LMA), developed in the dance community over the past seventy years, is an effective method for observing, describing, notating, and interpreting human movement to enhance communication and expression in everyday and professional life. Many applications that use motion capture data might be significantly leveraged if the Laban qualities will be recognized automatically. This paper presents an automated recognition method of Laban qualities from motion capture skeletal recordings and it is demonstrated on the output of Microsoft’s Kinect V2 sensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laban%20movement%20analysis" title="Laban movement analysis">Laban movement analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multitask%20learning" title=" multitask learning"> multitask learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinect%20sensor" title=" Kinect sensor"> Kinect sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25365/laban-movement-analysis-using-kinect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The User Acceptance of Autonomous Shuttles in Pretoria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Onanena%20Adegono">D. Onanena Adegono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Altinsoy"> P. Altinsoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Schuster"> A. Schuster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sch%C3%A4fer"> P. Schäfer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autonomous vehicles look set to drastically alter the way we move people and goods, in urban as well as rural areas. However, little has been written about Africa with this regard. Moreover, in order for this new technology to be adopted, user acceptance is vital. The current research examines the user acceptance of autonomous minibus shuttles, as a solution for first/last mile public transport in Pretoria, South Africa. Of the respondents surveyed, only 2.31% perceived them as not useful. Respondents showed more interest in using these shuttles in combination with the bus rapid transit system (75.4%) as opposed to other modes of public transportation (40%). The significance of these findings is that they can help ensure that the implementation of autonomous public transport in South Africa is adapted to the local user. Furthermore, these findings could be adapted for other South African cities and other cities across the continent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20buses%20and%20shuttles" title="autonomous buses and shuttles">autonomous buses and shuttles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20public%20transport" title=" autonomous public transport"> autonomous public transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20mobility" title=" urban mobility"> urban mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20acceptance" title=" user acceptance"> user acceptance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131154/the-user-acceptance-of-autonomous-shuttles-in-pretoria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Electrophilic Halogen-Induced Spirocyclization of 2-Alkynolylaryloate Esters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krittapast%20Dara-Opast">Krittapast Dara-Opast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sureeporn%20Ruengsangtongkul"> Sureeporn Ruengsangtongkul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jumreang%20Tummatorn"> Jumreang Tummatorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittipong%20Chainok"> Kittipong Chainok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onrapak%20Reamtong"> Onrapak Reamtong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somsak%20Ruchirawat"> Somsak Ruchirawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charnsak%20Thongsornkleeb"> Charnsak Thongsornkleeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selective synthesis of gem-dihalo spiroisobenzofuran and spiroisocoumarin can be performed via halogenative double cyclization of methyl 2-(hydroxyalk-1-yn-1-yl) benzoates in the presence of either N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl). The combination of NCS and TMSCl led to the generation of electrophilic chlorine in situ, which activated the alkyne functional group of the substrate leading to the cyclization via either 5-exo-dig or 6-endo-dig mode of cyclization to produce the target compounds in moderate yields. The protocol could be carried on a broad scope of substrates under mild conditions (0 °C to rt). The parent compounds showed good antiparasitic activity compared to standard drug albendazole. Further investigation of the scope of the reaction and their antiparasitic activities is underway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiparasitic%20activities" title="antiparasitic activities">antiparasitic activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halogenative%20annulation" title=" halogenative annulation"> halogenative annulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirocycles" title=" spirocycles"> spirocycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirocyclization" title=" spirocyclization"> spirocyclization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139709/electrophilic-halogen-induced-spirocyclization-of-2-alkynolylaryloate-esters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Adapted Intersection over Union: A Generalized Metric for Evaluating Unsupervised Classification Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prajwal%20Prakash%20Vasisht">Prajwal Prakash Vasisht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Rajamurthy"> Sharath Rajamurthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishanth%20Dara"> Nishanth Dara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a supervised machine learning approach, metrics such as precision, accuracy, and coverage can be calculated using ground truth labels to help in model tuning, evaluation, and selection. In an unsupervised setting, however, where the data has no ground truth, there are few interpretable metrics that can guide us to do the same. Our approach creates a framework to adapt the Intersection over Union metric, referred to as Adapted IoU, usually used to evaluate supervised learning models, into the unsupervised domain, which solves the problem by factoring in subject matter expertise and intuition about the ideal output from the model. This metric essentially provides a scale that allows us to compare the performance across numerous unsupervised models or tune hyper-parameters and compare different versions of the same model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20metric" title="general metric">general metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised%20learning" title=" unsupervised learning"> unsupervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20over%20union" title=" intersection over union"> intersection over union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432/adapted-intersection-over-union-a-generalized-metric-for-evaluating-unsupervised-classification-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Social Anxiety, Parental Criticism and the Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahmeena%20Ali">Tahmeena Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Francis"> Andrew Francis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keong%20Yap"> Keong Yap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharynn%20Schuster"> Sharynn Schuster</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social anxiety is a chronic and debilitating condition characterized by fear and avoidance of social situations. Several risk factors have emerged, which emphasize the role of early childhood experiences in the development of this condition. As such, the current study tested the hypothesis that early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) mediate the relationship between retrospectively reported parental criticism and social anxiety whilst controlling the effects of depression. Three hundred and thirty-four non-clinical participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of self-report measures of parental criticism, EMSs of disconnection and rejection, and symptoms of social anxiety and depression. The mediation analysis confirmed the hypothesized model, indicating that EMSs mediated the relationship between parental criticism and social anxiety symptoms when controlling for depression. Whilst the current study is limited due to its cross-sectional design, the findings lend support to the developmental formulations of social anxiety and have important therapeutic implications for treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20maladaptive%20schema" title="early maladaptive schema">early maladaptive schema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20criticism" title=" parental criticism"> parental criticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schema" title=" schema"> schema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20anxiety" title=" social anxiety"> social anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66812/social-anxiety-parental-criticism-and-the-mediating-role-of-early-maladaptive-schemas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Laser Keratoplasty in Human Eye Considering the Fluid Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Humor Fluid Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Singh">Dara Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keikhosrow%20Firouzbakhsh"> Keikhosrow Firouzbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Ahmadian"> Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, conventional laser Keratoplasty surgeries in the human eye are studied. For this purpose, a validated 3D finite volume model of the human eye is introduced. In this model the fluid flow has also been considered. The discretized domain of the human eye incorporates a bio-heat transfer equation coupled with a Boussinesq equation. Both continuous and pulsed lasers have been modeled and the results are compared. Moreover, two different conventional surgical positions that are upright and recumbent are compared for these laser therapies. The simulation results show that in these conventional surgeries, the temperature rises above the critical values at the laser insertion areas. However, due to the short duration and the localized nature, the potential damages are restricted to very small regions and can be ignored. The conclusion is that the present day lasers are acceptably safe to the human eye. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye" title="eye">eye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat-transfer" title=" heat-transfer"> heat-transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keratoplasty%20laser" title=" keratoplasty laser"> keratoplasty laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60990/laser-keratoplasty-in-human-eye-considering-the-fluid-aqueous-humor-and-vitreous-humor-fluid-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Effects of Residence Time on Selective Absorption of Hydrogen Suphide </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Satyadileep">Dara Satyadileep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20S.%20Berrouk"> Abdallah S. Berrouk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selective absorption of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) using methyldiethanol amine (MDEA) has become a point of interest as means of minimizing capital and operating costs of gas sweetening plants. This paper discusses the prominence of optimum design of column internals to best achieve H2S selectivity using MDEA. To this end, a kinetics-based process simulation model has been developed for a commercial gas sweetening unit. Trends of sweet gas H2S & CO2 contents as function of fraction active area (and hence residence time) have been explained through analysis of interdependent heat and mass transfer phenomena. Guidelines for column internals design in order to achieve desired degree of H2S selectivity are provided. Also the effectiveness of various operating conditions in achieving H2S selectivity for an industrial absorber with fixed internals is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sweetening" title="gas sweetening">gas sweetening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H2S%20selectivity" title=" H2S selectivity"> H2S selectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyldiethanol%20amine" title=" methyldiethanol amine"> methyldiethanol amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20simulation" title=" process simulation"> process simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residence%20time" title=" residence time"> residence time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21361/effects-of-residence-time-on-selective-absorption-of-hydrogen-suphide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Human Intraocular Thermal Field in Action with Different Boundary Conditions Considering Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Humor Fluid Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Singh">Dara Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keikhosrow%20Firouzbakhsh"> Keikhosrow Firouzbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Ahmadian"> Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a validated 3D finite volume model of human eye is developed to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in the human eye at steady state conditions. For this purpose, discretized bio-heat transfer equation coupled with Boussinesq equation is analyzed with different anatomical, environmental, and physiological conditions. It is demonstrated that the fluid circulation is formed as a result of thermal gradients in various regions of eye. It is also shown that posterior region of the human eye is less affected by the ambient conditions compared to the anterior segment which is sensitive to the ambient conditions and also to the way the gravitational field is defined compared to the geometry of the eye making the circulations and the thermal field complicated in transient states. The effect of variation in material and boundary conditions guides us to the conclusion that thermal field of a healthy and non-healthy eye can be distinguished via computer simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-heat" title="bio-heat">bio-heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boussinesq" title=" boussinesq"> boussinesq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conduction" title=" conduction"> conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convection" title=" convection"> convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye" title=" eye"> eye</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60991/human-intraocular-thermal-field-in-action-with-different-boundary-conditions-considering-aqueous-humor-and-vitreous-humor-fluid-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Metagenomics Composition During and After Wet Deposition and the Presence of Airborne Microplastics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yee%20Hui%20Lim">Yee Hui Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Gusareva"> Elena Gusareva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvan%20Luhung"> Irvan Luhung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulia%20Frank"> Yulia Frank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephan%20Christoph%20Schuster"> Stephan Christoph Schuster</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental pollution from microplastics (MPs) is an emerging concern worldwide. While the presence of microplastics has been well established in the marine and terrestrial environments, the prevalence of microplastics in the atmosphere is still poorly understood. Wet depositions such as rain or snow scavenge impurities from the atmosphere as it falls to the ground. These wet depositions serve as a useful tool in the removal of airborne particles that are suspended in the air. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the presence of atmospheric microplastics and fibres through the analysis of air, rainwater and snow samples. Air samples were collected with filter-based air samplers from outdoor locations in Singapore. The sampling campaigns were conducted during and after each rain event. Rainwater samples from Singapore and Siberia were collected as well. Snow samples were also collected from Siberia as part of the ongoing study. Genomic DNA was then extracted from the samples and sequenced with shotgun metagenomics approach. qPCR analysis was conducted to quantify the total bacteria and fungi in the air, rainwater and snow samples. The results compared the bioaerosol profiles of all the samples. To observe the presence of microplastics, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. From the preliminary results, microplastics were detected. It can be concluded that there is a significant amount of atmospheric microplastics present, and its occurrence should be investigated in greater detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20microplastics" title="atmospheric microplastics">atmospheric microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscope" title=" scanning electron microscope"> scanning electron microscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20deposition" title=" wet deposition"> wet deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153093/metagenomics-composition-during-and-after-wet-deposition-and-the-presence-of-airborne-microplastics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Split-Flow Method to Reduce Duty Required in Amine Gas Sweetening Units </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20Sofiane%20Berrouk">Abdallah Sofiane Berrouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Satyadileep"> Dara Satyadileep</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the feasibility of retrofitting a middle-east based commercial amine sweetening unit with a split-flow scheme which involves withdrawing a portion of partially stripped semi-lean solvent from the stripping column and re-injecting it in the absorption column to reduce the overall energy consumption of the unit. This method is comprehensively explored by performing parametric analysis of the split fraction of the semi-lean solvent using a kinetics based process simulator ProMax V 3.2. Re-boiler duty, condenser duty, solvent cooling and pumping loads are analysed as functions of a split fraction of the semi-lean solvent from the stripper. It is shown that the proposed method significantly reduces the overall energy consumption of the unit resulting in an annual savings of 325,000 USD. The thorough economic analysis is performed using Aspen Economic Evaluation V 8.4 to reveal that the retrofit scheme pays back the capital cost in less than eight years and is highly recommended for any commercial plant having suitable provisions for solvent inlet/withdrawal on the columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20flow" title="split flow">split flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amine" title=" Amine"> Amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20processing" title=" gas processing"> gas processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48530/split-flow-method-to-reduce-duty-required-in-amine-gas-sweetening-units" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> A Bayesian Parameter Identification Method for Thermorheological Complex Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Anton%20Kraus">Michael Anton Kraus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miriam%20Schuster"> Miriam Schuster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geralt%20Siebert"> Geralt Siebert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jens%20Schneider"> Jens Schneider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymers increasingly gained interest in construction materials over the last years in civil engineering applications. As polymeric materials typically show time- and temperature dependent material behavior, which is accounted for in the context of the theory of linear viscoelasticity. Within the context of this paper, the authors show, that some polymeric interlayers for laminated glass can not be considered as thermorheologically simple as they do not follow a simple TTSP, thus a methodology of identifying the thermorheologically complex constitutive bahavioir is needed. ‘Dynamical-Mechanical-Thermal-Analysis’ (DMTA) in tensile and shear mode as well as ‘Differential Scanning Caliometry’ (DSC) tests are carried out on the interlayer material ‘Ethylene-vinyl acetate’ (EVA). A navoel Bayesian framework for the Master Curving Process as well as the detection and parameter identification of the TTSPs along with their associated Prony-series is derived and applied to the EVA material data. To our best knowledge, this is the first time, an uncertainty quantification of the Prony-series in a Bayesian context is shown. Within this paper, we could successfully apply the derived Bayesian methodology to the EVA material data to gather meaningful Master Curves and TTSPs. Uncertainties occurring in this process can be well quantified. We found, that EVA needs two TTSPs with two associated Generalized Maxwell Models. As the methodology is kept general, the derived framework could be also applied to other thermorheologically complex polymers for parameter identification purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bayesian%20parameter%20identification" title="bayesian parameter identification">bayesian parameter identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20Maxwell%20model" title=" generalized Maxwell model"> generalized Maxwell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20viscoelasticity" title=" linear viscoelasticity"> linear viscoelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermorheological%20complex" title=" thermorheological complex "> thermorheological complex </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93017/a-bayesian-parameter-identification-method-for-thermorheological-complex-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Chemical Transport Mechanism of Emitter Micro-Particles in Tungsten Electrode: A Metallurgical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Singh">G. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Schuster"> H.Schuster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20F%C3%BCssel"> U. Füssel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability of electric arc and durability of electrode tip used in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding demand a metallurgical study about the chemical transport mechanism of emitter oxide particles in tungsten electrode during its real welding conditions. The tungsten electrodes doped with emitter oxides of rare earth oxides such as La₂O₃, Th₂O₃, Y₂O₃, CeO₂ and ZrO₂ feature a comparatively lower work function than tungsten and thus have superior emission characteristics due to lesser surface temperature of the cathode. The local change in concentration of these emitter particles in tungsten electrode due to high temperature diffusion (chemical transport) can change its functional properties like electrode temperature, work function, electron emission, and stability of the electrode tip shape. The resulting increment in tip surface temperature results in the electrode material loss. It was also observed that the tungsten recrystallizes to large grains at high temperature. When the shape of grain boundaries are granular in shape, the intergranular diffusion of oxide emitter particles takes more time to reach the electrode surface. In the experimental work, the microstructure of the used electrode's tip surface will be studied by scanning electron microscope and reflective X-ray technique in order to gauge the extent of the diffusion and chemical reaction of emitter particles. Besides, a simulated model is proposed to explain the effect of oxide particles diffusion on the electrode’s microstructure, electron emission characteristics, and electrode tip erosion. This model suggests metallurgical modifications in tungsten electrode to enhance its erosion resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare-earth%20emitter%20particles" title="rare-earth emitter particles">rare-earth emitter particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature-dependent%20diffusion" title=" temperature-dependent diffusion"> temperature-dependent diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIG%20welding" title=" TIG welding"> TIG welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tungsten%20electrode" title=" Tungsten electrode"> Tungsten electrode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89406/the-chemical-transport-mechanism-of-emitter-micro-particles-in-tungsten-electrode-a-metallurgical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> A Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Adaptation in Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Harm in Older Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Alexander">Valerie Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Gutierrez"> Amanda Gutierrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Campbell"> Veronica Campbell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Schwartz"> Dara Schwartz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Charles%20Tatum"> B. Charles Tatum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has long been assumed that personality disorders (PD) originate in adolescence or early adulthood and that the maladaptive behaviors significantly attenuate over time. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 supports early onset of PD and views the pattern of behaviors as enduring and stable. The premise of this study is that PD may not always begin early in life, that behaviors may change over the lifespan, and that current treatment modalities may be beneficial in seniors. Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) exhibited earlier in life may, in older adults, be manifested in less overt high-risk behaviors but by refusal to take medication and get necessary medical treatment. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy is a well-known treatment modality for teaching emotional regulation and distress tolerance and thus reducing self-injurious behaviors yet very little has been studied about SIB and treatment in older adults. The population for this study was older adults, with a history of SIB, a PD, and depression and/or anxiety. Participants learned an adapted version of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) as developed by DBT trained therapists. The results provided clinical potentials for the efficacy of DBT to reduce SIB, decrease depression and anxiety in the older adult population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialectical%20behavioral%20therapy" title=" dialectical behavioral therapy"> dialectical behavioral therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20disorders" title=" personality disorders"> personality disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-harm%20behavior" title=" self-harm behavior"> self-harm behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20in%20older%20adults" title=" treatment in older adults"> treatment in older adults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56219/a-dialectical-behavioral-therapy-adaptation-in-reducing-depression-anxiety-and-self-harm-in-older-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Influence of HbA1c on Nitric Oxide Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Kutsyk">Dara Kutsyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Bondarenko"> Olga Bondarenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariya%20Sorochka"> Mariya Sorochka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 21-century type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a global health and social problem in the whole world. The goal of treatment for patients with T2D is to prevent complications of diabetes - macrovascular diseases (heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular diseases (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy). Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Loss of NO function is one of the earliest indicators of disease and its progression especially in patients with T2D. Aim: To compare NO level between patients with well and bad controlled glycemia in T2D. Methods: The study included 32 patients with T2D. The diagnosis of T2D was confirmed due to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: with well controlled glycaemia (HbA1c < 7%) and bad controlled glycaemia (HbA1c > 7%). The control group consists of 15 healthy subjects. Results: NO level in patients with T2D is significantly higher (27,2 ±3,1 µmol), compared to controls (18,86±0,9 µmol; p < 0,001). A significant difference in NO level was found between patients with bad controlled glycaemia (25,9±2,2 µmol) and well controlled glycaemia (28,7 ± 3,0 µmol; p<0,01). The study showed a moderate negative correlation between NO level and HbA1c (-0,399; р< 0,05). Conclusions: Production of NO is impaired in patients with T2D, especially with badly controlled glycaemia. With the increase in HbAc serum NO decreases. This can be the main target for prevention vascular complication in T2D. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title="type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycated%20hemoglobin" title=" glycated hemoglobin"> glycated hemoglobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20oxide" title=" nitric oxide"> nitric oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes%20mellitus" title=" Diabetes mellitus"> Diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64490/influence-of-hba1c-on-nitric-oxide-level-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Assessment of the Impact of Road Transportation Improvement on Rural Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mirwais%20Arghandiwal">Mohammad Mirwais Arghandiwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fujita%20Motohiro"> Fujita Motohiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisinee%20Wisetjindawat"> Wisinee Wisetjindawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since 2001, the new government of Afghanistan addressed the improvement of transportation in rural areas as one of the key issues for the country development. This paper thus, aims to show the impotency of transportation in the rural area of Kabul province. A field survey in Kabul Province capital of Afghanistan has been conducted during March, 2015, and 201 questionnaires were collected from four districts named Shakar Dara, Paghman, Char Asyab, and Khak Jabar to investigate the impacts of road transportation on the people’s daily life. The districts had their road projects constructed during the last 3-5 years. The interviewees are chosen randomly from a different category of districts residences. As transportation is one of the most important factors for the development of the communities, during the survey it was very easily to observe a positive effect on the life of people. The improvement on the accessibility has had a positive impact on the land and land price. In this paper, a model is created to show the relationship between different factors and the land price improvement. In the end, a recommendation is presented on the establishment of the community council for a better use and maintenance of road projects. We emphasize on a public and private partnership at a community level in the districts during the construction period too. In addition, the communities should be encouraged on their positive role in the improvement of transportation through their participation and collaboration with the local government. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghanistan" title=" Afghanistan"> Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20area" title=" rural area"> rural area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20development" title=" transportation development"> transportation development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32213/assessment-of-the-impact-of-road-transportation-improvement-on-rural-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Compact Optical Sensors for Harsh Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Branislav%20Timotijevic">Branislav Timotijevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yves%20Petremand"> Yves Petremand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Luetzelschwab"> Markus Luetzelschwab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Bayat"> Dara Bayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Aebi"> Laurent Aebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical miniaturized sensors with remote readout are required devices for the monitoring in harsh electromagnetic environments. As an example, in turbo and hydro generators, excessively high vibrations of the end-windings can lead to dramatic damages, imposing very high, additional service costs. A significant change of the generator temperature can also be an indicator of the system failure. Continuous monitoring of vibrations, temperature, humidity, and gases is therefore mandatory. The high electromagnetic fields in the generators impose the use of non-conductive devices in order to prevent electromagnetic interferences and to electrically isolate the sensing element to the electronic readout. Metal-free sensors are good candidates for such systems since they are immune to very strong electromagnetic fields and given the fact that they are non-conductive. We have realized miniature optical accelerometer and temperature sensors for a remote sensing of the harsh environments using the common, inexpensive silicon Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) platform. Both devices show highly linear response. The accelerometer has a deviation within 1% from the linear fit when tested in a range 0 – 40 g. The temperature sensor can provide the measurement accuracy better than 1 °C in a range 20 – 150 °C. The design of other type of sensors for the environments with high electromagnetic interferences has also been discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20MEMS" title="optical MEMS">optical MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20sensor" title=" temperature sensor"> temperature sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title=" accelerometer"> accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harsh%20environment" title=" harsh environment"> harsh environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65332/compact-optical-sensors-for-harsh-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Association of Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index with Musculoskeletal Pains in Elderlies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahshid%20Rezaei">Mahshid Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Tajari"> Zahra Tajari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Esmaeily"> Zahra Esmaeily</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Eyvazkhani"> Atefeh Eyvazkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrzad%20Daei"> Shahrzad Daei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Mansouri%20Dara"> Marjan Mansouri Dara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohaddesh%20Rezaei"> Mohaddesh Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolghassem%20Djazayeri"> Abolghassem Djazayeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadreza%20Dorosti%20Motlagh"> Ahmadreza Dorosti Motlagh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms in elderly age. Nutrition and diet are considered important underlying factors that could affect chronic musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between empirical dietary inflammatory patterns (EDII) and musculoskeletal pain. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 213 elderly individuals were selected from several health centers. The usual dietary intake was evaluated by a valid and reliable 147-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To measure the intensity of pain, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. Multiple Linear Regression was applied to assess the association between EDII and musculoskeletal pain. Results: The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that a higher EDII score was associated with higher musculoskeletal pain (β= 0.21: 95% CI: 0.24-1.87: P= 0.003). These results stayed significant even after adjusting for covariates such as sex, marital status, height, family number, sleep, BMI, physical activity duration, waist circumference, protector, and medication use (β= 0.16: 95% CI: 0.11-1.04: P= 0.02). Conclusion: Study findings indicated that higher inflammation of diet might have a direct association with musculoskeletal pains in elderlies. However, further investigations are required to confirm these findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20pain" title="musculoskeletal pain">musculoskeletal pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20dietary%20inflammatory%20pattern" title=" empirical dietary inflammatory pattern"> empirical dietary inflammatory pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderlies" title=" elderlies"> elderlies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20pattern" title=" dietary pattern"> dietary pattern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133109/the-association-of-empirical-dietary-inflammatory-index-with-musculoskeletal-pains-in-elderlies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Study of the Effect of Voltage and PH on the Inactivation of Byssochlamys fulva in Tomato Juice by Ohmic Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Dara">Arash Dara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Mokhtari"> Mahsa Mokhtari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafiseh%20Zamindar"> Nafiseh Zamindar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thermal resistance, temperature, voltage, and pH changes in an ohmic heating system on reducing the logarithmic number of Byssochlamys fulva species (PTCC 5062) in tomato juice water and to investigate the quantitative properties of tomato juice in the ohmic heating pasteurization system. The percentage of thermal degradation by ohmic heating was determined in tomato juice for the kinetics of Byssochlamys fulva in ohmic chamber at the temperatures of 88, 93, and 98°C, with two voltages of 30 and 40 volts and two pH levels of 3.5 and 4.5; this was done using Weibull frequency distribution model. Three different parameters (pH = 3.5, two voltages of 30 and 40, at three temperatures 88, 93, and 98) and (pH = 4.5, two voltages 30 and 40, at three temperatures 88, 93, and 98) in three replications were considered in the ohmic system. Heating time for the temperature of 88°C was 20 minutes once every 2 minutes, while for the temperature of 93°C, it was 10 minutes once every 1 minute. At the temperature of 98°C, the first time was 0.5 minutes, and for other times, sampling was done every 1 minute. In each condition, the qualitative characteristics, including acidity, Brix, and pH, were measured before and after the ohmic process in the tomato juice. This study demonstrates that the differences in pH and voltage due to different temperatures in the ohmic process can greatly affect the inactivation of Byssochlamys fulva fungus and the qualitative characteristics of the tomato juice. This is the first study using the Weibull frequency method to model the inactivation of Byssochlamys fulva in tomato juice. Variation in parameters such as temperature, voltage, and pH can prevent the presence of Byssochlamys fulva in the pasteurized juices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pasteurization" title="pasteurization">pasteurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ohmic%20heating%20process" title=" ohmic heating process"> ohmic heating process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byssochlamys%20fulva" title=" Byssochlamys fulva"> Byssochlamys fulva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20juice" title=" tomato juice"> tomato juice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20resistance" title=" heat resistance"> heat resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage" title=" voltage"> voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136482/study-of-the-effect-of-voltage-and-ph-on-the-inactivation-of-byssochlamys-fulva-in-tomato-juice-by-ohmic-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores and the Probability of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Iranian Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Esmaeily">Zahra Esmaeily</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Tajari"> Zahra Tajari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrzad%20Daei"> Shahrzad Daei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahshid%20Rezaei"> Mahshid Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Eyvazkhani"> Atefeh Eyvazkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Mansouri%20Dara"> Marjan Mansouri Dara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Reza%20Dorosty%20Motlagh"> Ahmad Reza Dorosty Motlagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriko%20Palmowski"> Andriko Palmowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Sarcopenia (SPA) is associated with frailty and disability in the elderly. Adherence to current dietary guidelines in addition to physical activity could play a role in the prevention of muscle wasting and weakness. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) is a tool to assess diet quality as recommended in the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between HEI scores and the probability of SPA (PS) among the Tehran elderly. Method: A previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess HEI and the dietary intake of randomly selected elderly people living in Tehran, Iran. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured to evaluate the PS. Statistical evaluation included descriptive analysis and standard test procedures. Result: 201 subjects were included. Those probably suffering from SPA (as determined by HGS) had significantly lower HEI scores (p = 0.02). After adjusting for confounders, HEI scores and HGS were still significantly associated (adjusted R2 = 0.56, slope β = 0.03, P = 0.09). Elderly people with a low probability of SPA consumed more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.06) and ingested less added sugars and saturated fats (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, HEI scores are associated with the probability of SPA. Adhering to current dietary guidelines might contribute to ameliorating muscle strength and mass in aging individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title="aging">aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEI-2015" title=" HEI-2015"> HEI-2015</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian" title=" Iranian"> Iranian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sarcopenic" title=" sarcopenic"> sarcopenic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132864/association-between-healthy-eating-index-2015-scores-and-the-probability-of-sarcopenia-in-community-dwelling-iranian-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Effect of Relaxation Techniques in Reducing Stress Level among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20N.%20Jay%20A.%20Ablog">R. N. Jay A. Ablog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Dyanne%20R.%20Del%20Carmen"> M. N. Dyanne R. Del Carmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roma%20Rose%20A.%20Dela%20Cruz"> Roma Rose A. Dela Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joselle%20Dara%20M.%20Estrada"> Joselle Dara M. Estrada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20Clifferson%20M.%20Gagarin"> Luke Clifferson M. Gagarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20T.%20Lang-ay"> Florence T. Lang-ay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20Dayanara%20O.%20Mari%C3%B1as"> Ma. Dayanara O. Mariñas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Christina%20S.%20Nepa"> Maria Christina S. Nepa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahraine%20Chyle%20B.%20Ocampo"> Jahraine Chyle B. Ocampo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Reynie%20Renz%20V.%20Silva"> Mark Reynie Renz V. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Lyn%20L.%20Soriano"> Jenny Lyn L. Soriano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loreal%20Cloe%20M.%20Suva"> Loreal Cloe M. Suva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jackelyn%20R.%20Torres"> Jackelyn R. Torres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: To date, there is dearth of literature as to the effect of relaxation techniques in lowering the stress level of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of 4-week relaxation techniques in stress level reduction of mothers of children with ASD. Methods: Quasi experimental design. It included 25 mothers (10-experimental, 15-control) who were chosen via purposive sampling. The mothers were recruited in the different SPED centers in Baguio City and La Trinidad and in the community. Statistics used were T-test and Related T-Test. Results: The overall weighted mean score after 4-week training is 2.3, indicating that the relaxation techniques introduced were moderately effective in lowering stress level. Statistical analysis (T-test; CV=4.51>TV=2.26) shown a significant difference in the stress level reduction of mothers in the experimental group pre and post interventions. There is also a significant difference in the stress level reduction in the control and the experimental group (Related T-test; CV=2.08 >TV=2.07). The relaxation techniques introduced were favorable, cost-effective, and easy to perform interventions to decrease stress level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation%20techniques" title="relaxation techniques">relaxation techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindful%20eating" title=" mindful eating"> mindful eating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20muscle%20relaxation" title=" progressive muscle relaxation"> progressive muscle relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breathing%20exercise" title=" breathing exercise"> breathing exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title=" autism spectrum disorder"> autism spectrum disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18064/effect-of-relaxation-techniques-in-reducing-stress-level-among-mothers-of-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Enhanced Tensor Tomographic Reconstruction: Integrating Absorption, Refraction and Temporal Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Vierus">Lukas Vierus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Schuster"> Thomas Schuster</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A general framework is examined for dynamic tensor field tomography within an inhomogeneous medium characterized by refraction and absorption, treated as an inverse source problem concerning the associated transport equation. Guided by Fermat’s principle, the Riemannian metric within the specified domain is determined by the medium's refractive index. While considerable literature exists on the inverse problem of reconstructing a tensor field from its longitudinal ray transform within a static Euclidean environment, limited inversion formulas and algorithms are available for general Riemannian metrics and time-varying tensor fields. It is established that tensor field tomography, akin to an inverse source problem for a transport equation, persists in dynamic scenarios. Framing dynamic tensor tomography as an inverse source problem embodies a comprehensive perspective within this domain. Ensuring well-defined forward mappings necessitates establishing existence and uniqueness for the underlying transport equations. However, the bilinear forms of the associated weak formulations fail to meet the coercivity condition. Consequently, recourse to viscosity solutions is taken, demonstrating their unique existence within suitable Sobolev spaces (in the static case) and Sobolev-Bochner spaces (in the dynamic case), under a specific assumption restricting variations in the refractive index. Notably, the adjoint problem can also be reformulated as a transport equation, with analogous results regarding uniqueness. Analytical solutions are expressed as integrals over geodesics, facilitating more efficient evaluation of forward and adjoint operators compared to solving partial differential equations. Certainly, here's the revised sentence in English: Numerical experiments are conducted using a Nesterov-accelerated Landweber method, encompassing various fields, absorption coefficients, and refractive indices, thereby illustrating the enhanced reconstruction achieved through this holistic modeling approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuated%20refractive%20dynamic%20ray%20transform%20of%20tensor%20fields" title="attenuated refractive dynamic ray transform of tensor fields">attenuated refractive dynamic ray transform of tensor fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geodesics" title=" geodesics"> geodesics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20equation" title=" transport equation"> transport equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity%20solutions" title=" viscosity solutions"> viscosity solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184677/enhanced-tensor-tomographic-reconstruction-integrating-absorption-refraction-and-temporal-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Honey from Cocoa and Forest Ecosystems in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20G.%20Boakye">Richard G. Boakye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20A%20Stanley"> Dara A Stanley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathavan%20Vickneswaran"> Mathavan Vickneswaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blanaid%20White"> Blanaid White</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa), an important cash crop that contributes immensely towards the economic growth of several Western African countries, depends almost entirely on pesticide application owing to the plant’s vulnerability to pest and disease attacks. However, the extent to which pesticides inputted for cocoa cultivation impact bees and bee products has rarely received attention in research. Through this study, the effects of pesticides applied for cocoa cultivation on honey in Ghana were examined by evaluating honey samples from cocoa and forest ecosystems in Ghana. An analysis of five honey samples from each land use type confirmed pesticide contaminants from these land use types at measured concentrations for acetamiprid (0.051mg/kg); imidacloprid (0.004-0.02 mg/kg), thiamethoxam (0.013-0.017 mg/kg); indoxacarb (0.004-0.045 mg/kg) and sulfoxaflor (0.004-0.026 mg/kg). None of the observed pesticide concentrations exceeded EU maximum residue levels, indicating no compromise of the honey quality for human consumption. However, from the results, it could be inferred that toxic effects on bees may not be ruled out because observed concentrations largely exceeded the threshold of 0.001 mg/kg at which sublethal effects on bees have previously been reported. One of the most remarkable results to emerge from this study is the detection of imidacloprid in all honey samples analyzed, with sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam also being detected in 93% and 73% of the honey samples, respectively. This suggests the probable prevalence of pesticide use in the landscape. However, the conclusions reached in this study should be interpreted within the scope of pesticide applications within Bia West District and not necessarily extended to other cocoa-producing districts in Ghana. Future studies should therefore include multiple cocoa-growing districts and other non-cocoa farming landscapes. Such an approach can give a broader outlook on pesticide residues in honey produced in Ghana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title="honey">honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoa" title=" cocoa"> cocoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bees" title=" bees"> bees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residues" title=" residues"> residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163111/evaluation-of-pesticide-residues-in-honey-from-cocoa-and-forest-ecosystems-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Dietary Modification and Its Effects in Overweight or Obese Saudi Women with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiruddin%20Khan">Nasiruddin Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20M.%20Al-Daghri"> Nasser M. Al-Daghri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20A.%20Al-Disi"> Dara A. Al-Disi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Al-Fadda"> Asim Al-Fadda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Al-Seif"> Mohamed Al-Seif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyanendra%20Tripathi"> Gyanendra Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20L.%20Harte"> A. L. Harte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20G.%20Mcternan"> Philip G. Mcternan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the last few decades, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is increasing alarmingly high and is unprecedented at 31.6 %. Preventive measures should be taken to curb down the increasing incidence. In this prospective, 3-month study, we aimed to determine whether dietary modification program would confer favorable affects among overweight and obese adult Saudi women with or without T2DM. A total of 92 Saudi women [18 healthy controls, 24 overweight subjects and 50 overweight or obese patients with early onset T2DM were included in this prospective study. Baseline anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 3 months. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were measured routinely. A 500 Kcal deficit energy diet less than their daily recommended dietary allowances were prescribed to all participants. After 3 months of follow-up visit, significant improvements were observed in both the overweight and DMT2 group as compared to baseline with decreased mean BMI [Overweight Group 28.54±1.49 versus 27.95±2.25, p<0.05; DMT2 group 35.24±7.67 versus 35.04±8.07, p<0.05] and hip circumference [Overweight group 109.67±5.01 versus 108.07±4.07, p<0.05; DMT2 group 112.3±13.43 versus 109.21±12.71, p<0.01]. Moreover, in the overweight group, baseline HDL-cholesterol was significantly associated with protein intake and inversely associated with carbohydrate intake in controls. In the DMT2 group, carbohydrate intake at baseline was significantly associated with BMI. A 3-month 500kcal/day deficit dietary modification alone is probably effective among adult overweight or obese Saudi females without or with T2DM. Longer prospective studies are to determine whether the dietary intervention alone can reduce progression of T2DM among high-risk adult Arabs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title="diet">diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T2DM" title=" T2DM"> T2DM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19098/dietary-modification-and-its-effects-in-overweight-or-obese-saudi-women-with-or-without-type-2-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Troubling Depictions of Gambian Womanhood in Dayo Forster’s Reading the Ceiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Wolfe">A. Wolfe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dayo Forster’s impressively crafted Reading the Ceiling (2007) enjoys a relatively high profile among Western readers. It is one of only a handful of Gambian novels to be published by an international publisher, Simon and Schuster of London, and was subsequently shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writer’s Best First Book Prize in 2008. It is currently available to US readers in print and as an e-book and has 167 ratings on Goodreads. This paper addresses the possible influence of the book on Western readers’ perception of The Gambia, or Africa in general, through its depiction of the conditions of Gambian women’s lives. Through a close reading of passages and analysis of imagery, intertextuality, and characterization in the book, the paper demonstrates that Forster portrays the culture of The Gambia as oppressively patriarchal and the prospects for young girls who stay in the country as extremely limited. Reading the Ceiling starts on Ayodele’s 18th birthday, the day she has planned to have sex for the first time. Most of the rest of the book is divided into three parts, each following the chain of events that occur after sex with a potential partner. Although Ayodele goes abroad for her education in each of the three scenarios, she ultimately capitulates to the patriarchal politics and demands of marriage and childrearing in The Gambia, settling for relationships with men she does not love, cooking and cleaning for husbands and children, and silencing her own opinions and desires in exchange for the familiar traditions of patriarchal—and, in one case, polygamous—marriage. Each scenario ends with resignation to death, as, after her mother’s funeral, Ayodele admits to herself that she will be next. Forster uses dust and mud imagery throughout the novel to indicate the dinginess of Ayodele’s life as a young woman, and then wife and mother, in The Gambia as well as the inescapability of this life. This depiction of earthen material is also present in the novel’s recounting of an oral tale about a mermaid captured by fishermen, a story that mirrors Ayodele’s ensnarement by traditional marriage customs and gender norms. A review of the fate of other characters in the novel reveals that Ayodele is not the only woman who becomes trapped by the expectations for women in The Gambia, as those who stay in the country end up subservient to their husbands and/or victims of men’s habitual infidelity. It is important to note that Reading the Ceiling is focused on the experiences of a minority—The Gambia’s middle class, Christian urban dwellers with money for education. Regardless of its limited scope, the novel clearly depicts The Gambia as a place where women are simply unable to successfully contend against traditional patriarchal norms. Although this novel evokes vivid imagery of The Gambia through original and compelling descriptions of food preparation, clothing, and scenery, it perhaps does little to challenge stereotypical perceptions of the lives of African women among a Western readership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20literature" title="African literature">African literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commonwealth%20literature" title=" commonwealth literature"> commonwealth literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage" title=" marriage"> marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypes" title=" stereotypes"> stereotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99324/troubling-depictions-of-gambian-womanhood-in-dayo-forsters-reading-the-ceiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Building on Previous Microvalving Approaches for Highly Reliable Actuation in Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Maguire">Ivan Maguire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ciprian%20Briciu"> Ciprian Briciu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Barrett"> Alan Barrett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Kervick"> Dara Kervick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jens%20Ducr%C3%A8e"> Jens Ducrèe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20Regan"> Fiona Regan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the ever-increasing myriad of applications of which microfluidic devices are capable, reliable fluidic actuation development has remained fundamental to the success of these microfluidic platforms. There are a number of approaches which can be taken in order to integrate liquid actuation on microfluidic platforms, which can usually be split into two primary categories; active microvalves and passive microvalves. Active microvalves are microfluidic valves which require a physical parameter change by external, or separate interaction, for actuation to occur. Passive microvalves are microfluidic valves which don’t require external interaction for actuation due to the valve’s natural physical parameters, which can be overcome through sample interaction. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how further improvements to past microvalve solutions can largely enhance systematic reliability and performance, with both novel active and passive microvalves demonstrated. Covered within this scope will be two alternative and novel microvalve solutions for centrifugal microfluidic platforms; a revamped pneumatic-dissolvable film active microvalve (PAM) strategy and a spray-on Sol-Gel based hydrophobic passive microvalve (HPM) approach. Both the PAM and the HPM mechanisms were demonstrated on a centrifugal microfluidic platform consisting of alternating layers of 1.5 mm poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (for reagent storage) sheets and ~150 μm pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) (for microchannel fabrication) sheets. The PAM approach differs from previous SOLUBON™ dissolvable film methods by introducing a more reliable and predictable liquid delivery mechanism to microvalve site, thus significantly reducing premature activation. This approach has also shown excellent synchronicity when performed in a multiplexed form. The HPM method utilises a new spray-on and low curing temperature (70°C) sol-gel material. The resultant double layer coating comprises a PMMA adherent sol-gel as the bottom layer and an ultra hydrophobic silica nano-particles (SNPs) film as the top layer. The optimal coating was integrated to microfluidic channels with varying cross-sectional area for assessing microvalve burst frequencies consistency. It is hoped that these microvalving solutions, which can be easily added to centrifugal microfluidic platforms, will significantly improve automation reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20microfluidics" title="centrifugal microfluidics">centrifugal microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20microvalves" title=" hydrophobic microvalves"> hydrophobic microvalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lab-on-a-disc" title=" lab-on-a-disc"> lab-on-a-disc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumatic%20microvalves" title=" pneumatic microvalves"> pneumatic microvalves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69136/building-on-previous-microvalving-approaches-for-highly-reliable-actuation-in-centrifugal-microfluidic-platforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Demonstrating the Efficacy of a Low-Cost Carbon Dioxide-Based Cryoablation Device in Veterinary Medicine for Translation to Third World Medical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20C.%20Kuroki">Grace C. Kuroki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yixin%20Hu"> Yixin Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bailey%20Surtees"> Bailey Surtees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Krimins"> Rebecca Krimins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20J.%20Durr"> Nicholas J. Durr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20L.%20Kraitchman"> Dara L. Kraitchman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to perform a Phase I veterinary clinical trial with a low-cost, carbon-dioxide-based, passive thaw cryoablation device as proof-of-principle for application in pets and translation to third-world treatment of breast cancer. This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Client-owned dogs with subcutaneous masses, primarily lipomas or mammary cancers, were recruited for the study. Inclusion was based on clinical history, lesion location, preanesthetic blood work, and fine needle aspirate or biopsy confirmation of mass. Informed consent was obtained from the owners for dogs that met inclusion criteria. Ultrasound assessment of mass extent was performed immediately prior to mass cryoablation. Dogs were placed under general anesthesia and sterilely prepared. A stab incision was created to insert a custom 4.19 OD x 55.9 mm length cryoablation probe (Kubanda Cryotherapy) into the mass. Originally designed for treating breast cancer in low resource settings, this device has demonstrated potential in effectively necrosing subcutaneous masses. A dose escalation study of increasing freeze-thaw cycles (5/4/5, 7/5/7, and 10/7/10 min) was performed to assess the size of the iceball/necrotic extent of cryoablation. Each dog was allowed to recover for ~1-2 weeks before surgical removal of the mass. A single mass was treated in seven dogs (2 mammary masses, a sarcoma, 4 lipomas, and 1 adnexal mass) with most masses exceeding 2 cm in any dimension. Mass involution was most evident in the malignant mammary and adnexal mass. Lipomas showed minimal shrinkage prior to surgical removal, but an area of necrosis was evident along the cryoablation probe path. Gross assessment indicated a clear margin of cryoablation along the cryoprobe independent of tumor type. Detailed histopathology is pending, but complete involution of large lipomas appeared to be unlikely with a 10/7/10 protocol. The low-cost, carbon dioxide-based cryotherapy device permits a minimally invasive technique that may be useful for veterinary applications but is also informative of the unlikely resolution of benign adipose breast masses that may be encountered in third world countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryoablation" title="cryoablation">cryoablation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryotherapy" title=" cryotherapy"> cryotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventional%20oncology" title=" interventional oncology"> interventional oncology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veterinary%20technology" title=" veterinary technology"> veterinary technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117969/demonstrating-the-efficacy-of-a-low-cost-carbon-dioxide-based-cryoablation-device-in-veterinary-medicine-for-translation-to-third-world-medical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Missed Opportunities for Immunization of under Five Children in Calabar South County Cros River State, Nigeria, the Way Forward</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celestine%20Odigwe">Celestine Odigwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Epoke%20Lincoln"> Epoke Lincoln</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhoda-Dara%20Ephraim"> Rhoda-Dara Ephraim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background; Immunization against the childhood killer diseases is the cardinal strategy for the prevention of these diseases all over the world in under five children, these diseases include; Tuberculosis, Measles, Polio, Tetanus, Diphthria, Pertusis, Yellow Fever, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus Influenza type B. 6.9 million children die before their fifth birthday , 80% of the worlds death in children under 5 years occur in 25 countries most in Africa and Asia and 2 million children can be saved each year with routine immunization Therefore failure to achieve total immunization coverage puts several children at risk. Aim; The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence, Investigate the various reasons and causes why several under five children in a suburb of calabar municipal county fail to get the required immunizations as at and when due and possibly the consequences, so that efforts can be re-directed towards the solution of the problems so identified. Methods; the study was a community based cross sectional study. The respondents were the mothers/guardians of the sampled children who were all aged 0-59 months. To be eligible for recruitment into the study, the parent or guardian was required to give an informed consent, reside within the Calabar South County with his/her children aged 0-59 months. We calculated our sample size using the Leslie-Kish formula and we used a two-staged sampling method, first to ballot for the wards to be involved and then to select four of the most populated ones in the wards chosen. Data collection was by interviewer administered structured questionnaire (Appendix I), Data collected was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Percentages were calculated and represented using charts and tables Results; The number of children sampled was 159. We found that 150 were fully immunized and 9 were not, the prevalence of missed opportunity was 32% from the study. The reasons for missed opportunities were varied, ranging from false contraindications, logistical problems resulting in very poor access roads to health facilities and poor organization of health centers together with negative health worker attitudes. Some of the consequences of these missed opportunities were increased susceptibility to vaccine preventable diseases, resurgence of the above diseases and increased morbidity and mortality of children aged less than 5 years. Conclusion; We found that ignorance on the part of both parents/guardians and health care staff together with infrastructural inadequacies in the county such as- roads, poor electric power supply for storage of vaccines were hugely responsible for most missed opportunities for immunization. The details of these and suggestions for improvement and the way forward are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missed%20opportunity" title="missed opportunity">missed opportunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunization" title=" immunization"> immunization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under%20five" title=" under five"> under five</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calabar%20south" title=" Calabar south"> Calabar south</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42827/missed-opportunities-for-immunization-of-under-five-children-in-calabar-south-county-cros-river-state-nigeria-the-way-forward" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Urban Stratification as a Basis for Analyzing Political Instability: Evidence from Syrian Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munqeth%20Othman%20Agha">Munqeth Othman Agha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The historical formation of urban centres in the eastern Arab world was shaped by rapid urbanization and sudden transformation from the age of the pre-industrial to a post-industrial economy, coupled with uneven development, informal urban expansion, and constant surges in unemployment and poverty rates. The city was stratified accordingly as overlapping layers of division and inequality that have been built on top of each other, creating complex horizontal and vertical divisions based on economic, social, political, and ethno-sectarian basis. This has been further exacerbated during the neoliberal era, which transferred the city into a sort of dual city that is inhabited by heterogeneous and often antagonistic social groups. Economic deprivation combined with a growing sense of marginalization and inequality across the city planted the seeds of political instability, outbreaking in 2011. Unlike other popular uprisings that occupy central squares, as in Egypt and Tunisia, the Syrian uprising in 2011 took place mainly within inner streets and neighborhood squares, mobilizing primarily on more or less upon the lines of stratification. This has emphasized the role of micro-urban and social settings in shaping mobilization and resistance tactics, which necessitates us to understand the way the city was stratified and place it at the center of the city-conflict nexus analysis. This research aims to understand to what extent pre-conflict urban stratification lines played a role in determining the different trajectories of three cities’ neighborhoods (Homs, Dara’a and Deir-ez-Zor). The main argument of the paper is that the way the Syrian city has been stratified creates various social groups within the city who have enjoyed different levels of accessibility to life chances, material resources and social statuses. This determines their relationship with other social groups in the city and, more importantly, their relationship with the state. The advent of a political opportunity will be depicted differently across the city’s different social groups according to their perceived interests and threats, which consequently leads to either political mobilization or demobilization. Several factors, including the type of social structures, built environment, and state response, determine the ability of social actors to transfer the repertoire of contention to collective action or transfer from social actors to political actors. The research uses urban stratification lines as the basis for understanding the different patterns of political upheavals in urban areas while explaining why neighborhoods with different social and urban environment settings had different abilities and capacities to mobilize, resist state repression and then descend into a military conflict. It particularly traces the transformation from social groups to social actors and political actors by applying the Explaining-outcome Process-Tracing method to depict the causal mechanisms that led to including or excluding different neighborhoods from each stage of the uprising, namely mobilization (M1), response (M2), and control (M3). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20stratification" title="urban stratification">urban stratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syrian%20conflict" title=" syrian conflict"> syrian conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movement" title=" social movement"> social movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20tracing" title=" process tracing"> process tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divided%20city" title=" divided city"> divided city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164592/urban-stratification-as-a-basis-for-analyzing-political-instability-evidence-from-syrian-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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