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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Red garra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="السمك الطبيب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السمك الطبيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Гара Руфа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гара Руфа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gara_rudohn%C4%9Bd%C3%A1" title="Gara rudohnědá – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gara rudohnědá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorfisk" title="Doktorfisk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Doktorfisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6tliche_Saugbarbe" title="Rötliche Saugbarbe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rötliche Saugbarbe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuracistofi%C5%9Do" title="Kuracistofiŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kuracistofiŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7" title="گارا روفا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گارا روفا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%9D%BC%EB%A3%A8%ED%8C%8C" title="가라루파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가라루파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F" title="עגלסת הירדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עגלסת הירדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89desv%C3%ADzi_doktorhal" title="Édesvízi doktorhal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Édesvízi doktorhal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0" title="റെഡ് ഗാര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെഡ് ഗാര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="السمك الطبيب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السمك الطبيب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ドクターフィッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドクターフィッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangalfisk" title="Kangalfisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kangalfisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peixe-m%C3%A9dico" title="Peixe-médico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peixe-médico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punaimubarbi" title="Punaimubarbi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Punaimubarbi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA" title="డాక్టర్ చేప – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాక్టర్ చేప" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2" title="ปลาการ์ร่า รูฟา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลาการ์ร่า รูฟา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal_bal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kangal balığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kangal balığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" title="Garra rufa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Garra rufa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%BA%A2%E5%A2%A8%E5%A4%B4%E9%B1%BC" title="淡红墨头鱼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="淡红墨头鱼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of fish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the freshwater fish used for treating skin diseases. For the species sometimes called "doctor fish" in the UK, see <a href="/wiki/Tench" title="Tench">Tench</a>. For the fish known as the "surgeonfish", see <a href="/wiki/Acanthuridae" title="Acanthuridae">Acanthuridae</a>. For people known as "Dr. Fish", see <a href="/wiki/Fish_(surname)" title="Fish (surname)">Fish (surname)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Red garra </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Garra_Rufa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Garra_Rufa.JPG/220px-Garra_Rufa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Garra_Rufa.JPG/330px-Garra_Rufa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Garra_Rufa.JPG/440px-Garra_Rufa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="2163" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Garra" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cypriniformes" title="Cypriniformes">Cypriniformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprinidae" title="Cyprinidae">Cyprinidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labeoninae" title="Labeoninae">Labeoninae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garra" title="Garra"><i>Garra</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>G. rufa</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Garra rufa</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Heckel" title="Johann Jakob Heckel">Heckel</a>, 1843)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Discognathus crenulatus</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Heckel" title="Johann Jakob Heckel">Heckel</a> 1846–49</small><sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Discognathus lamta</i><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non Hamilton (page does not exist)">non Hamilton</a> 1822</small><sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Discognathus obtusus</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Heckel" title="Johann Jakob Heckel">Heckel</a> 1843</small><sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Discognathus rufus</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Heckel" title="Johann Jakob Heckel">Heckel</a> 1843</small><sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Garra lamta</i><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non Hamilton (page does not exist)">non Hamilton</a> 1822</small><sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Garra rufa crenulata</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Heckel" title="Johann Jakob Heckel">Heckel</a> 1844</small><sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBIF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBIF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>red garra</b> (<i><b>Garra rufa</b></i>), also known as the <b>doctor fish</b> or <b>nibble fish</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cyprinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprinid">cyprinid</a> that is native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This small fish typically is up to about 14 centimeters (5.5 inches) in total length,<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but locally individuals can reach as much as 24 cm (9.5 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Coad2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coad2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wild, <i>Garra rufa</i> feed on <a href="/wiki/Detritus" title="Detritus">detritus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> and tiny animals (<a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Coad2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coad2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution,_habitat_and_taxonomy"><span id="Distribution.2C_habitat_and_taxonomy"></span>Distribution, habitat and taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_garra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution, habitat and taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As traditionally defined, <i>Garra rufa</i> is native to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the main systems where it is found are the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak_River" title="Kızılırmak River">Kızıl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seyhan_River" title="Seyhan River">Seyhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceyhan_River" title="Ceyhan River">Ceyhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orontes_River" title="Orontes River">Orontes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queiq_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Queiq River">Queiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigris%E2%80%93Euphrates_river_system" title="Tigris–Euphrates river system">Tigris–Euphrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kor_River" title="Kor River">Kor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mond_River" title="Mond River">Mond</a> river basins, but the species also inhabits other coastal river basins in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and Iran, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Endorheic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endorheic">endorheic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maharlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Maharlu">Lake Maharlu</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coad2016_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coad2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lives in rivers, streams, canals, reservoirs, ponds and lakes, although it tends to avoid stagnant waters.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It often is common or abundant, even in areas that are heavily influenced by humans like polluted canals.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coad2016_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coad2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> of this species has been labelled with uncertainty. As traditionally defined (<i><a href="/wiki/Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato">sensu lato</a></i>), there are some <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> variations over its relatively large range and it has been recognized for several years that it likely was a <a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">species complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coad2016_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coad2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SeriouslyFish_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeriouslyFish-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> have been described, but their validity is questionable and in the last few decades authorities have generally not recognized them. Nevertheless, reviews published since 2014 have provided <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a> and morphologic evidence for recognizing some of them as separate species, while other <a href="/wiki/New_species" class="mw-redirect" title="New species">new species</a> have been described from the species complex. This includes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garra_turcica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garra turcica (page does not exist)">G. turcica</a></i> (formerly a subspecies) from its Turkish range, except the Tigris–Euphrates system, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_jordanica" title="Garra jordanica">G. jordanica</a></i> (new species) from the northern <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a> basin, including the Jordan River, in Israel, Jordan and Syria, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_gymnothorax" title="Garra gymnothorax">G. gymnothorax</a></i> (formerly a subspecies) from the <a href="/wiki/Karun_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Karun River">Karun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balarud_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balarud River (page does not exist)">Balarud</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashar_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashar River (page does not exist)">Bashar</a> systems in Iran, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_mondica" title="Garra mondica">G. mondica</a></i> (new species) of the Mond River basin in Iran, and <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_amirhosseini" title="Garra amirhosseini">G. amirhosseini</a></i> (new species) from the Sartang-e-Bijar Spring in the Tigris River system in Iran. <i>G. jordanica</i> and <i>G. turcica</i> have entirely separate ranges from true <i>G. rufa</i> (thus limiting its range to the Tigris–Euphrates system and river systems in Iran), but the others do overlap in range with true <i>G. rufa</i> or at least occur in the same river basins.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamidan2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamidan2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Esmaeli2016_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esmaeli2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baycelebi2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baycelebi2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other members of the <i>G. rufa</i> complex are <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_barreimiae" title="Garra barreimiae">G. barreimiae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_elegans" title="Garra elegans">G. elegans</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_ghorensis" title="Garra ghorensis">G. ghorensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_longipinnis" title="Garra longipinnis">G. longipinnis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_nana" title="Garra nana">G. nana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_persica" title="Garra persica">G. persica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_rossica" title="Garra rossica">G. rossica</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_sahilia" title="Garra sahilia">G. sahilia</a></i>, but these were generally recognized as valid species many years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamidan2014_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamidan2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Esmaeli2016_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esmaeli2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baycelebi2018_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baycelebi2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally the complex includes four <a href="/wiki/Cavefish" title="Cavefish">cavefish</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_lorestanensis" title="Garra lorestanensis">G. lorestanensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_tashanensis" title="Garra tashanensis">G. tashanensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_typhlops" title="Garra typhlops">G. typhlops</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Garra_widdowsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Garra widdowsoni">G. widdowsoni</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Esmaeli2016_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esmaeli2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fish_pedicure">Fish pedicure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_garra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fish pedicure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doctor_fish2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doctor_fish2.jpg/220px-Doctor_fish2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doctor_fish2.jpg/330px-Doctor_fish2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doctor_fish2.jpg/440px-Doctor_fish2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Doctor fish cleaning a bather's feet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doctor_fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Doctor_fish.jpg/220px-Doctor_fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Doctor_fish.jpg/330px-Doctor_fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Doctor_fish.jpg/440px-Doctor_fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>Some spas provide large fish ponds with thousands of doctor fish in them</figcaption></figure> <p>Doctor fish facilities at spa resorts exist in many countries worldwide. In 2006, doctor fish spa resorts opened in <a href="/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal">Kangal</a>, Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Hakone" title="Hakone">Hakone</a>, Japan, and <a href="/wiki/Umag" title="Umag">Umag</a>, Croatia, where the fish are used to clean the bathers at the spa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2008, two widely known doctor fish <a href="/wiki/Pedicure" title="Pedicure">pedicure</a> services were opened in the United States in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-thedailyrecord_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailyrecord-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>. Wisconsin ordered the closure of the doctor fish service shortly after its opening. In 2010, the first spa opened in the United Kingdom in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biolib_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBIF_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBIF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the UK <a href="/wiki/Health_Protection_Agency" title="Health Protection Agency">Health Protection Agency</a> issued a report assigning a "very low" risk of transferring infection from the procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice is banned in several of the states in the United States and Canadian provinces as cosmetology regulators believe the practice is unsanitary, with the <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i> saying that "cosmetology regulations generally mandate that tools need to be discarded or sanitized after each use. But epidermis-eating fish are too expensive to throw away".<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The procedure is legal in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, with a few clinics in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The animal rights organization <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA), which opposes all human use of animals, denounces the practice, citing callous methods of international transportation and suggesting that the fish are deliberately starved between treatments to force them to eat an abnormal food.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Garra rufa</i> seen in the spa and <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquarium</a> trade mostly originate from commercial facilities in Israel and to a lesser degree Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-SeriouslyFish_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeriouslyFish-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Israeli and many (but not all) Turkish populations of "<i>G. rufa</i>" now are recognized as <i>G. jordanica</i> and <i>G. turcica</i> instead, this leads to questions over the true identity of most of the fish seen in the trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamidan2014_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamidan2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baycelebi2018_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baycelebi2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gophen2018_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gophen2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is legally protected from capture from the wild in Turkey due to concerns of <a href="/wiki/Overharvesting" class="mw-redirect" title="Overharvesting">overharvesting</a>. Despite its ability to survive in polluted waters,<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the species requires clean, well-oxygenated and moving waters to thrive in an aquarium.<sup id="cite_ref-SeriouslyFish_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeriouslyFish-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For treatment of skin diseases, aquarium specimens are not well-suited as the skin-feeding behavior fully manifests only under conditions where the food supply can be scarce and unpredictable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When used as a prelude intended to enhance the effects of <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet light">ultraviolet light</a> expoure in <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a> treatment, fish pedicure is known as ichthyotherapy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_garra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleaner_fish" title="Cleaner fish">Cleaner fish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_garra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFreyhof,_J.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Freyhof, J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19086922/19223063">"<i>Garra rufa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2014</b>: e.T19086922A19223063.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Garra+rufa&rft.volume=2014&rft.pages=e.T19086922A19223063&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Freyhof%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F19086922%2F19223063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+garra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biolib-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biolib_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZicha2009" class="citation web cs1">Zicha, Ondřej (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonnames/id147650/">"Garra rufa"</a>. <i>BioLib</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioLib&rft.atitle=Garra+rufa&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Zicha&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biolib.cz%2Fen%2Ftaxonnames%2Fid147650%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+garra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBIF-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GBIF_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GBIF_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.gbif.org/search/Garra%20rufa">"Search Results for: Garra rufa"</a>. <i>Global Biodiversity Information Facility</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Biodiversity+Information+Facility&rft.atitle=Search+Results+for%3A+Garra+rufa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.gbif.org%2Fsearch%2FGarra%2520rufa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+garra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishbase-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Garra&speciesname=rufa">"<i>Garra rufa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. August 2016 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Garra+rufa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DGarra%26speciesname%3Drufa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+garra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coad2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coad2016_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coad2016_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coad2016_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coad2016_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coad2016_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoad,_B.W.2016" class="citation web cs1">Coad, B.W. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Garra rufa</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908440" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q908440">Q908440</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Garra_rufa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Garra rufa">Garra rufa</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Garra_rufa/">Garra_rufa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id147650">147650</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=378080">378080</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3FBMD">3FBMD</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/357123">357123</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/26483">26483</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2366850">2366850</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/361334">361334</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11267174">11267174</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=689117">689117</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/19086922">19086922</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=137080">137080</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=709588">709588</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A108A46-8D42-F455-9E4C-7FA0EF2629D7">4A108A46-8D42-F455-9E4C-7FA0EF2629D7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1312572">1312572</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_garra&oldid=1249980916">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_garra&oldid=1249980916</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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