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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Cimarr%C3%B3n" title="Primera Guerra Cimarrón – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primera Guerra Cimarrón" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Maroon-Krieg" title="Erster Maroon-Krieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Maroon-Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Cimarr%C3%B3n" title="Primera Guerra Cimarrón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primera Guerra Cimarrón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AC%A1%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="第1次マルーン戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第1次マルーン戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_f%C3%B8rste_maroonkrigen" title="Den første maroonkrigen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den første maroonkrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fos_Maruun_Waar" title="Fos Maruun Waar – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1728–1740 anti-British revolt in Jamaica</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">First Maroon War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Slave_Rebellions#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave Rebellions">Slave Revolts in North America</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1728<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1739<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica_(1655%E2%80%931962)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Jamaica (1655–1962)">Jamaica</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>British government offers peace treaties </p> <ul><li>Cudjoe agrees to stop attacks, not take part in new escapees and help capture escaping slaves<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>British give Leeward Maroons their freedom, own land, the right to hunt wild pigs and have their own government<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Colony of Jamaica</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Windward Maroons</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Leeward Maroons</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Governors of Jamaica:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(colonial_administrator)" title="Robert Hunter (colonial administrator)">Robert Hunter</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/John_Ayscough" title="John Ayscough">John Ayscough</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/John_Gregory_(governor)" title="John Gregory (governor)">John Gregory</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Trelawny_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Trelawny (governor)">Edward Trelawny</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>Windward Maroons:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanny_of_the_Maroons" title="Nanny of the Maroons">Nanny of the Maroons</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quao" title="Quao">Quao</a><br /><b>Leeward Maroons:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Cudjoe" title="Cudjoe">Cudjoe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Accompong" title="Accompong">Accompong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> A total of 10,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> A total of 1,000</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>First Maroon War</b> was a conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Jamaican Maroons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">colonial British authorities</a> that started around 1728 and continued until the peace treaties of 1739 and 1740. It was led by Indigenous Jamaican born to the land who helped liberated Africans to set up communities in the mountains who were coming off of slave ships. The name "Maroon" was given to these Africans, and for many years they fought the British colonial Government of Jamaica for their freedom. The maroons were skilled in <a href="/wiki/Guerilla_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. It was followed about half a century later by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Maroon_War" title="Second Maroon War">Second Maroon War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Slave_rebellions_in_North_America" title="Category:Slave rebellions in North America">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Slave_rebellions#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave rebellions">North American slave revolts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haitian_Revolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Haitian_Revolution.jpg/250px-Haitian_Revolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Haitian_Revolution.jpg/375px-Haitian_Revolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Haitian_Revolution.jpg/500px-Haitian_Revolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="1032" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i>Attack and capture of the Crête-à-Pierrot</i> (<i>Combat et prise de la Crête-à-Pierrot</i>, March 1802) in the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a> by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Raffet" title="Auguste Raffet">Auguste Raffet</a>, engraving by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_H%C3%A9bert" title="Ernest Hébert">Ernest Hébert</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Context</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroons" title="Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Slavery among indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Canada" title="Slavery in Canada">Slavery in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Cuba" title="Slavery in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Latin_America" title="Slavery in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Bahamas" title="Slavery in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_Spain" title="Slavery in New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">British and French Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Slavery in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">colonial US</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Before 1700</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>1521</b> <a href="/wiki/Slave_Rebellion_of_December_25,_1521" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave Rebellion of December 25, 1521">Santo Domingo Slave Revolt</a><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>) </p> <ul><li><b>1526</b> <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Gualdape#Slavery_and_rebellion" title="San Miguel de Gualdape">San Miguel de Gualdape</a><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, victorious) </p> <ul><li><b>1548–1558, 1579–1582</b> <a href="/wiki/Bayano_Wars" title="Bayano Wars">Bayano Wars</a><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Real Audiencia of Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>c. 1570</b> <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Yanga" title="Gaspar Yanga">Gaspar Yanga</a>'s Revolt<br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Yanga,_Veracruz" title="Yanga, Veracruz">Veracruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, victorious) </p> <ul><li><b>1601</b> <a href="/wiki/Acaxee_Rebellion" title="Acaxee Rebellion">Acaxee Rebellion</a><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1616</b> <a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n_Revolt" title="Tepehuán Revolt">Tepehuán Revolt</a><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1680</b> <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a><br /></li></ul> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, victorious)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">18th century</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>1712 <a href="/wiki/New_York_Slave_Revolt_of_1712" title="New York Slave Revolt of 1712">New York Slave Revolt</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1730 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Maroon War</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, victorious) </p> <ul><li><b>1730 <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_rebellion" title="Chesapeake rebellion">Chesapeake rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1731 <a href="/wiki/Samba_rebellion" title="Samba rebellion">Samba rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1733 <a href="/wiki/1733_slave_insurrection_on_St._John" title="1733 slave insurrection on St. John">St. John Slave Revolt</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint John</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1739 <a href="/wiki/Stono_Rebellion" title="Stono Rebellion">Stono Rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">Province of South Carolina</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1741 <a href="/wiki/New_York_Conspiracy_of_1741" title="New York Conspiracy of 1741">New York Conspiracy</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1760–61 <a href="/wiki/Tacky%27s_Revolt" title="Tacky's Revolt">Tacky's Revolt</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1768 <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_slave_rebellion_of_1768" title="Montserrat slave rebellion of 1768">Montserrat slave rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1787 <a href="/wiki/Abaco_Slave_Revolt" title="Abaco Slave Revolt">Abaco Slave Revolt</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1791 <a href="/wiki/Pointe_Coup%C3%A9e_Slave_Conspiracy_of_1791" title="Pointe Coupée Slave Conspiracy of 1791">Mina Conspiracy</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1795 <a href="/wiki/Pointe_Coup%C3%A9e_Slave_Conspiracy_of_1795" title="Pointe Coupée Slave Conspiracy of 1795">Pointe Coupée Conspiracy</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1795 <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_Slave_Revolt_of_1795" title="Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795">Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(Dutch <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1791–1804 <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></b><br /></li></ul> (<a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>, victorious)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">19th century</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>1800 <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel's Rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1803 <a href="/wiki/Igbo_Landing" title="Igbo Landing">Igbo Landing</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/St._Simons_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Simons Island">St. Simons Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, victorious) </p> <ul><li><b>1805 <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Manor" title="Chatham Manor">Chatham Manor</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1811 <a href="/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising" title="1811 German Coast uprising">German Coast Uprising</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Territory of Orleans</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1811 <a href="/wiki/Aponte_conspiracy" title="Aponte conspiracy">Aponte conspiracy</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(Spanish <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba#Antislavery_and_independence_movements" title="History of Cuba">Cuba</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1815 <a href="/wiki/George_Boxley" title="George Boxley">George Boxley</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(Virginia, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1816 <a href="/wiki/Bussa%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bussa's Rebellion">Bussa's Rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(British <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1822 <a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Vesey Plot</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1825 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_African_Slave_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great African Slave Revolt (page does not exist)">Great African Slave Revolt</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1831 <a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner's rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(Virginia, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1831–32 <a href="/wiki/Baptist_War" title="Baptist War">Baptist War</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/British_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="British Jamaica">British Jamaica</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1839 <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad" title="United States v. The Amistad">Amistad</a></i>, ship rebellion</b><br /></li></ul> <p>(off the <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> coast, victorious) </p> <ul><li><b>1841 <i><a href="/wiki/Creole_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Creole case">Creole</a></i> case, ship rebellion</b><br /></li></ul> <p>(off the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern U.S.</a> coast, victorious) </p> <ul><li><b>1842 <a href="/wiki/1842_Slave_Revolt_in_the_Cherokee_Nation" title="1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation">slave revolt in the Cherokee Nation</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1843–44 <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba#Antislavery_and_independence_movements" title="History of Cuba">Ladder Conspiracy</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1849 <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Workhouse_Slave_Rebellion" title="Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion">Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>(South Carolina, suppressed) </p> <ul><li><b>1859 <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid</a></b><br /></li></ul> (Virginia, suppressed)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Notable leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlota_(rebel_leader)" title="Carlota (rebel leader)">Carolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Deslondes" title="Charles Deslondes">Charles Deslondes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mackandal" title="François Mackandal">François Mackandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Yanga" title="Gaspar Yanga">Gaspar Yanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Saint_Malo" title="Jean Saint Malo">Jean Saint Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines" title="Jean-Jacques Dessalines">Jean-Jacques Dessalines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cinqu%C3%A9" title="Joseph Cinqué">Joseph Cinqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Washington" title="Madison Washington">Madison Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Xiorro" title="Marcos Xiorro">Marcos Xiorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_(rebel_leader)" title="Maria (rebel leader)">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanny_of_the_Maroons" title="Nanny of the Maroons">Nanny of the Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner" title="Nat Turner">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Louverture" title="Toussaint Louverture">Toussaint Louverture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_(Cura%C3%A7ao)" title="Tula (Curaçao)">Tula</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_slave_revolts" title="Template:North American slave revolts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_slave_revolts" title="Template talk:North American slave revolts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_slave_revolts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American slave revolts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1655, the English defeated the Spanish colonists and took control of most of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Colony of Jamaica</a>. After the Spanish fled, Africans that had previously been enslaved joined the <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> population, and some others who had previously escaped slavery, in the center of <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> to form the Windward <a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroon</a> communities. The area is known as the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Jamaica)" title="Blue Mountains (Jamaica)">Blue Mountains</a>. The white population on the island of Jamaica boomed between 1655 and 1661, swelling to roughly 12,000 white inhabitants. In 1662, however, only a little over 3,000 remained.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The white-to-enslaved population ratio shifted in the following decades, leaving a majority of enslaved people and very few white settlers. British forces were unable to establish control over the whole island, so a large portion remained in the hands of the Maroons, particularly in the rugged interior. For 76 years, there were periodic skirmishes between the British and the Maroons, alongside occasional revolts from enslaved people. In 1673, a revolt of 200 enslaved Africans in <a href="/wiki/St._Ann_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Ann Parish">St. Ann Parish</a> created a separate group, the Leeward Maroons. These Maroons united with a group of <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy people</a> who had survived a shipwreck and formed their own maroon community in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Parish,_Jamaica" title="Saint George Parish, Jamaica">St. George</a> in northeastern Jamaica.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several more rebellions strengthened the numbers of this Leeward group. Notably, in 1690 a revolt of 400 enslaved Africans at Sutton's plantation, in <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Parish,_Jamaica" title="Clarendon Parish, Jamaica">Clarendon Parish, Jamaica</a>, considerably strengthened the Leeward Maroons.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The First Maroon War took place periodically between 1728 and 1740, and the Maroon leadership during this conflict featured <a href="/wiki/Nanny_of_the_Maroons" title="Nanny of the Maroons">Nanny of the Maroons</a>, who was known for her expertise in guerrilla warfare, and <a href="/wiki/Quao" title="Quao">Quao</a> in the Windward Maroons, and <a href="/wiki/Cudjoe" title="Cudjoe">Cudjoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accompong" title="Accompong">Accompong</a> in the Leeward Maroons. A number of maroon captains fought under their leadership, such as Welcome and Jeddo for <a href="/wiki/Nanny_Town" title="Nanny Town">Nanny Town</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fighting">Fighting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1728, the British sent more troops to Jamaica, changing the balance of power with the Windward Maroons. That year, the British sent a new governor, Major-General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(colonial_administrator)" title="Robert Hunter (colonial administrator)">Robert Hunter</a>, to Jamaica, and under his rule the conflict with the Maroons escalated. One of the Maroon captains, a man called Jeddo, who according to Maroon historian Bev Carey is celebrated as a brave warrior by the Maroons of <a href="/wiki/Moore_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Moore Town">Moore Town</a>, led an attack on the north east town of <a href="/wiki/Port_Antonio" title="Port Antonio">Port Antonio</a> a year later, and when the British soldiers under Lieutenant Soaper tried to pursue them, the Maroons caught them off guard. Jeddo would have been a lieutenant of Nanny.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the First Maroon War, the Maroons used guerrilla tactics to inflict greater losses on the colonial militias in terms of both manpower and expense. In 1730, Soaper led a large force against the Windward Maroons, but once again the Maroons, led by Nanny and Quao, defeated the militia. The next year, two additional regiments arrived in Jamaica to assist Hunter in fighting the Maroons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1732, Hunter sent three parties against the Windward Maroons, and they occupied <a href="/wiki/Nanny_Town" title="Nanny Town">Nanny Town</a> when the Maroons, led by Nanny, withdrew further into the Blue Mountains. The occupation of Nanny Town was expensive, and Hunter eventually recalled the militia, allowing the Maroons to re-take their town without a fight. The next year, Hunter sent a party of British seamen against the Windward Maroons, but the Maroons defeated them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997208–256_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997208–256-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1734, the Windward Maroons fought the British in <a href="/wiki/Portland_Parish" title="Portland Parish">Portland Parish</a> and St George. Enslaved Africans continued to free themselves and desert the Black Shot support forces in large numbers. Hunter died and was succeeded as governor by <a href="/wiki/John_Ayscough" title="John Ayscough">John Ayscough</a>, but he also had limited success against the Maroons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997257–267_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997257–267-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the militia recaptured Nanny Town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997278–282_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997278–282-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1734, Nanny led the Maroons to victory against a party led by Captain Shettlewood. A group of the liberated Africans conquered an estate in St George, including a fort and the barracks there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997268–277_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997268–277-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Windward Maroons removed westwards to the <a href="/wiki/John_Crow_Mountains" title="John Crow Mountains">John Crow Mountains</a> at a place called Cattawoods or <a href="/wiki/Cattawood_Springs" title="Cattawood Springs">Cattawood Springs</a>, and continued their resistance to colonization. Colonial Jamaica was counting the cost of the continuing conflict. By the end of 1734, the island's white population had fallen to about 2,000. Sugar exports had fallen, and the island went through periods of martial law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1735, over 100 Leeward Maroon warriors, led by Cudjoe, conquered a military barracks in western Jamaica. Ayscough died in office, and John Gregory became the new governor, and he immediately had to tackle the problem of Maroon attacks. In retaliation for the militia's occupation of Nanny Town, Windward Maroon warriors launched assaults on Titchfield Fort in Port Antonio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1736, Maroons on both sides of the island launched a number of incursions into planter territory.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1737, there were more Maroon attacks on estates in coastal areas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory began to consider offering peace terms to the Maroons, because the British forces were unable to defeat them, while he authorised the construction of barracks at <a href="/wiki/Manchioneal,_Jamaica" title="Manchioneal, Jamaica">Manchioneal, Jamaica</a> in Portland, Norman's Valley in <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Parish,_Jamaica" title="Saint James Parish, Jamaica">Saint James Parish, Jamaica</a>, and at Bagnell's Thicket. However, the building of barracks was expensive, and some planters refused to take part in funding it, claiming the Maroons never troubled them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Trelawny_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Trelawny (governor)">Edward Trelawny</a> resulted in peace becoming a real possibility after a decade of fighting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peace_treaties">Peace treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Peace treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1739–40, the British government in Jamaica recognized that it could not defeat the Maroons, so Trelawny offered them peace treaties instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg/220px-CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg/330px-CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg/440px-CUDJOE_MAKING_PEACE_WITH_COLONEL_JOHN_GUTHRIE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The maroon leader <a href="/wiki/Cudjoe" title="Cudjoe">Cudjoe</a> parleying with the planter John Guthrie</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1739, the planter and colonial militia John Guthrie signed the first treaty with the Leeward Maroon leader, <a href="/wiki/Cudjoe" title="Cudjoe">Cudjoe</a>, who for years fought to maintain his people's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He felt that the only hope for the future was an honorable peace with the enemy. A year later, the Windward Maroons of Nanny Town, led by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Nanny" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Nanny">Queen Nanny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quao" title="Quao">Quao</a>, also agreed to sign a treaty under pressure from both white Jamaicans and the Leeward Maroons. The peace treaties forced the Maroons to support the institution of slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms of the treaties largely reflected the power imbalance between the two sides, favoring British interests and granting the Maroons limited autonomy in exchange for their cooperation in maintaining the colonial system of slavery. The treaty terms were also different between the Maroon groups, with the Leeward Maroons receiving more favorable conditions, including a larger land grant and fewer restrictions on agricultural activities, while the Windward Treaty imposed stricter regulations and smaller land allocations. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The success of the Maroons in fighting the British to a standstill was felt far and wide, and half a century later, the creator of independent <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toussaint_L%27Ouverture" class="mw-redirect" title="Toussaint L'Ouverture">Toussaint L'Ouverture</a>, remarked that, "in Jamaica there are in the mountains Blacks who have forced the English to make treaties with them. Well, I am black like them. I know how to make war."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, the treaties only recognised <a href="/wiki/Cudjoe%27s_Town_(Trelawny_Town)" title="Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town)">Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crawford%27s_Town" title="Crawford's Town">Crawford's Town</a>. But after the destruction of Crawford's Town in the 1750s, the Maroons were located in five main towns: <a href="/wiki/Accompong" title="Accompong">Accompong</a>, Trelawny Town, <a href="/wiki/Moore_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Moore Town">Moore Town</a> (formerly known as New Nanny Town), <a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Hall_(Jamaica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott's Hall (Jamaica)">Scott's Hall (Jamaica)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Town,_Jamaica" title="Charles Town, Jamaica">Charles Town, Jamaica</a>, living under their own rulers and a British supervisor known as a superintendent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In exchange, they were asked to agree not to harbour newly self-liberated Africans ("runaways"), but rather to help catch them. This last clause in the treaty caused a split between the Maroons and the rest of the black population. Another provision of the agreement was that the Maroons would serve to protect the island from invaders.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discontent with the treaty and land encroachment from planters later led to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Maroon_War" title="Second Maroon War">Second Maroon War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbramsonTheodossopoulus2000" class="citation book cs1">Abramson, Allen; Theodossopoulus, Dimitrios (2000-11-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Land_Law_and_Environment/NvyS8Qte5OkC?hl=pl&gbpv=1&dq=First+Maroon+War&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover"><i>Land, Law and Environment: Mythical Land, Legal Boundaries</i></a>. Pluto Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1570-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1570-6"><bdi>978-0-7453-1570-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land%2C+Law+and+Environment%3A+Mythical+Land%2C+Legal+Boundaries&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2000-11-20&rft.isbn=978-0-7453-1570-6&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.au=Theodossopoulus%2C+Dimitrios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FLand_Law_and_Environment%2FNvyS8Qte5OkC%3Fhl%3Dpl%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DFirst%2BMaroon%2BWar%26pg%3DPA119%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoumerc2003" class="citation book cs1">Doumerc, Eric (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Caribbean_Civilisation/0fbi4sbdp6QC?hl=pl&gbpv=1&dq=First+Maroon+War&pg=PA11&printsec=frontcover"><i>Caribbean Civilisation: The English-speaking Caribbean Since Independence</i></a>. Presses Univ. du Mirail. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85816-699-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85816-699-2"><bdi>978-2-85816-699-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caribbean+Civilisation%3A+The+English-speaking+Caribbean+Since+Independence&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+du+Mirail&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-85816-699-2&rft.aulast=Doumerc&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FCaribbean_Civilisation%2F0fbi4sbdp6QC%3Fhl%3Dpl%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DFirst%2BMaroon%2BWar%26pg%3DPA11%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjorklund2015" class="citation book cs1">Bjorklund, Ruth (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jamaica0000bjor/page/47/mode/1up?q"><i>Jamaica</i></a>. p. 47. <q>The war ended when the British and Cudjoe signed a peace treaty. <b>Cudjoe agreed to stop the attacks and said he would no longer take in new escapees. Moreover, he promised to help capture escaped slaves. In return, the British gave the Leeward Maroons their freedom and their own land as well as the right to hunt wild pigs and have their own government.</b></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jamaica&rft.pages=47&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Bjorklund&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjamaica0000bjor%2Fpage%2F47%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1970" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson, Orlando (September 1970). "Slavery and Slave Revolts: A Sociohistorical Analysis of the First Maroon War, 1655–1740". <i>Social and Economic Studies</i>. <b>19</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">289–</span>325. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27856434">27856434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+and+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Slavery+and+Slave+Revolts%3A+A+Sociohistorical+Analysis+of+the+First+Maroon+War%2C+1655%E2%80%931740&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E325&rft.date=1970-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27856434%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson1970">Patterson 1970</a>, pp. 256–258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997190–205_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 190–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997208–256-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997208–256_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 208–256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997257–267-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997257–267_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 257–267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997278–282-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997278–282_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 278–282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997268–277-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997268–277_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 268–277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997285–314_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 285–314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Siva, <i>After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739–1842</i>, PhD Dissertation, (Southampton: Southampton University, 2018), p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mavis Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica 1655–1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal</i> (Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey, 1988), p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey1997315–355_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey1997">Carey 1997</a>, pp. 315–355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/eon/marroon/treaty.html">"Treaty between the British and the Maroons"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+between+the+British+and+the+Maroons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyber.harvard.edu%2Feon%2Fmarroon%2Ftreaty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica</i>, pp. 126–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamaicatimeline.com/history/maroon-treaties.html">"Jamaica Timeline: The Leeward and Windward Maroon Treaties"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamaica+Timeline%3A+The+Leeward+and+Windward+Maroon+Treaties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamaicatimeline.com%2Fhistory%2Fmaroon-treaties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.L.R. James, <i>Black Jacobins</i> (London: Penguin, 1938), p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiva2018" class="citation thesis cs1">Siva, Michael (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423482/1/LIBRARY_COPY_After_The_Treaties_Final.pdf"><i>After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739–1842</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). Southampton: Southampton University. pp. <span class="nowrap">40–</span>47, <span class="nowrap">52–</span>59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=After+the+Treaties%3A+A+Social%2C+Economic+and+Demographic+History+of+Maroon+Society+in+Jamaica%2C+1739%E2%80%931842&rft.inst=Southampton+University&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Siva&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soton.ac.uk%2F423482%2F1%2FLIBRARY_COPY_After_The_Treaties_Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mavis Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica 1655–1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal</i> (Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey, 1988), pp. 126–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica</i>, pp. 209–249.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources say 1725<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Maroon_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey1997" class="citation book cs1">Carey, Bev (1997). <i>The Maroon Story: The Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica 1490–1880</i>. Kingston, Jamaica: Agouti Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maroon+Story%3A+The+Authentic+and+Original+History+of+the+Maroons+in+the+History+of+Jamaica+1490%E2%80%931880&rft.place=Kingston%2C+Jamaica&rft.pub=Agouti+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Bev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson, Orlando</a> (1973). "Slavery and Slave Revolts: A Sociohistorical Analysis of the First Maroon War, 1665–1740". In Price, Richard (ed.). <i>Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas</i>. Anchor Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-06508-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-06508-6"><bdi>0-385-06508-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slavery+and+Slave+Revolts%3A+A+Sociohistorical+Analysis+of+the+First+Maroon+War%2C+1665%E2%80%931740&rft.btitle=Maroon+Societies%3A+Rebel+Slave+Communities+in+the+Americas&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-385-06508-6&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1990" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Mavis C. (1990). <i>The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655-1796</i>. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86543-096-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86543-096-9"><bdi>0-86543-096-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maroons+of+Jamaica%2C+1655-1796&rft.place=Trenton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-86543-096-9&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Mavis+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>Among the early historians to mention the Jamaican Maroons and the First Maroon War were the following: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallas1803" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Dallas" title="Robert Charles Dallas">Dallas, R. C.</a> (1803). <i>The History of the Maroons, From Their Origin to the Establishment of their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone</i>. London: Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Maroons%2C+From+Their+Origin+to+the+Establishment+of+their+Chief+Tribe+at+Sierra+Leone&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1803&rft.aulast=Dallas&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1793" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Edwards_(politician)" title="Bryan Edwards (politician)">Edwards, Bryan</a> (1793). <i>History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History%2C+Civil+and+Commercial%2C+of+the+British+Colonies+in+the+West+Indies&rft.date=1793&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1774" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Long_(colonial_administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Long (colonial administrator)">Long, Edward</a> (1774). <i>The History of Jamaica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Jamaica&rft.date=1774&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Maroon+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_and_uprisings_in_Jamaica29" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_and_uprisings_in_Jamaica" title="Template:Wars and uprisings in Jamaica"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_and_uprisings_in_Jamaica" title="Template talk:Wars and uprisings in Jamaica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_and_uprisings_in_Jamaica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars and uprisings in Jamaica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_and_uprisings_in_Jamaica29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wars and uprisings in Jamaica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Maroon War (1728-1740)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacky%27s_Revolt" title="Tacky's Revolt">Tacky's Revolt (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Maroon_War" title="Second Maroon War">Second Maroon War (1795-1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_War" title="Baptist War">Baptist War (1831-1832)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morant_Bay_rebellion" title="Morant Bay rebellion">Morant Bay rebellion (1865)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colonial_conflicts_involving_the_English/British_Empire160" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_colonial_campaigns" title="Template:British colonial campaigns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_colonial_campaigns" title="Template talk:British colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_colonial_campaigns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colonial_conflicts_involving_the_English/British_Empire160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonial conflicts involving the <a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a>/<a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Ireland</a> (1593–1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Powhatan_Wars" title="Anglo-Powhatan Wars">Virginia</a> (1609–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Swally" title="Battle of Swally">Swally</a> (1612)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_capture_of_Ormuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz">Ormuz</a> (1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinago_Genocide_of_1626" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinago Genocide of 1626">Saint Kitts</a> (1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_July_1628" title="Action of 17 July 1628">Quebec</a> (1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a> (1634–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion</a> (1641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a> (1641–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a> (1649–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians#English_colony_(1654–1667)" title="History of the Acadians">Acadia</a> (1654–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (1654–60)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaica</a> (1655–1739)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1662)" title="Battle of Tangier (1662)">1st Tangier</a> (1662)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangier_(1664)" title="Battle of Tangier (1664)">2nd Tangier</a> (1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a> (1675–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mughal_War_(1686%E2%80%931690)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Mughal War (1686–1690)">Child's War</a> (1686–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_War" title="Anglo-Siamese War">Siam</a> (1687)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a> (1688–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a> (1688–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komenda_Wars" title="Komenda Wars">Ghana</a> (1694–1700)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> (1702–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_War" title="Tuscarora War">Tuscarora War</a> (1711–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamasee_War" title="Yamasee War">Yamasee War</a> (1715–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummer%27s_War" title="Dummer's War">Father Rale's War/Dummer's War</a> (1722–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> (1740–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a> (1744–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Wars">Carnatic Wars</a> (1746–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre%27s_War" title="Father Le Loutre's War">Nova Scotia</a> (1749–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (1754–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (1756–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a> (1756–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Cherokee_War" title="Anglo-Cherokee War">Anglo-Cherokee War</a> (1758–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacky%27s_Revolt" title="Tacky's Revolt">Jamaica</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1762%E2%80%931763)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (1762–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a> (1763–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_Movement_in_North_Carolina" title="Regulator Movement in North Carolina">Regulator Movement in North Carolina</a> (1765–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Carib_War" title="First Carib War">First Carib War</a> (1769–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rohilla_War" title="First Rohilla War">Rohilkhand</a> (1773–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunmore%27s_War" title="Lord Dunmore's War">Lord Dunmore's War</a> (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1775–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1779–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley%27s_Gold_Coast_expedition" title="Shirley's Gold Coast expedition">Gold Coast</a> (1781–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Radharam" title="Revolt of Radharam">Assam</a> (1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a> (1788–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootka_Crisis" title="Nootka Crisis">Nootka Sound</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1789–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotiote_War" title="Cotiote War">Cotiote (Wayanad) War</a> (1793–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rohilla_War" title="Second Rohilla War">Rohilkhand</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Invasion of the Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Maroon_War" title="Second Maroon War">Jamaica</a> (1795–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9don%27s_rebellion" title="Fédon's rebellion">Grenada</a> (1795–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ceylon" title="Invasion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Wars" title="Kandyan Wars">Kandyan Wars</a> (1796–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion</a> (1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Malta</a> (1798–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1798–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dwyer#Guerilla_campaign" title="Michael Dwyer">Dwyer's guerrilla campaign</a> (1799–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a> (1799–1805)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Irish_Uprising_in_Newfoundland" title="United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> (1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1803–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_convict_rebellion" title="Castle Hill convict rebellion">Castle Hill convict rebellion</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Surinam_(1804)" title="Invasion of Surinam (1804)">Surinam</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Cape Colony</a> (1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_River_Plate" title="British invasions of the River Plate">Río de la Plata</a> (1806–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_expedition_of_1807" title="Alexandria expedition of 1807">Egypt</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froberg_mutiny" title="Froberg mutiny">Froberg mutiny</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santo_Domingo_of_1808" title="Siege of Santo Domingo of 1808">Santo Domingo</a> (1808–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Martinique_(1809)" title="Invasion of Martinique (1809)">Martinique</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1809" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1809">Persian Gulf</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1810)" title="Invasion of Guadeloupe (1810)">Guadeloupe</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_%C3%8Ele_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Île Bonaparte">Reunion</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Isle_de_France" title="Invasion of Isle de France">Mauritius</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles#The_Quincy_era" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Spice_Islands" title="Invasion of the Spice Islands">Spice Islands</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">Java</a> (1810–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Xhosa Wars</a> (1811–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">USA</a> (1812–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Nepal</a> (1814–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1815)" title="Invasion of Guadeloupe (1815)">Guadeloupe</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slachter%27s_Nek_Rebellion" title="Slachter's Nek Rebellion">Cape Colony</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1816)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1816)">Algiers</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1817–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">Persian Gulf</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara_rebellion_of_1823" title="Demerara rebellion of 1823">Guiana</a> (1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti wars</a> (1824–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1824–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War (Van Diemen's Land)</a> (1828–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_War" title="Baptist War">Jamaica</a> (1831–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naning_War" title="Naning War">Malacca</a> (1831–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada_Rebellion" title="Lower Canada Rebellion">Lower Canada</a> (1837–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Rebellion" title="Upper Canada Rebellion">Upper Canada</a> (1837–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Expedition" title="Aden Expedition">Aden Expedition</a> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1839%E2%80%931841)" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)">Egyptian–Ottoman War</a> (1839–41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1839–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> (1839–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a> (1845–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1845–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_blockade_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> (1845–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Canton" title="Expedition to Canton">Canton</a> (1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_War_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Caste War of Yucatán">British Honduras</a> (1847–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matale_rebellion" title="Matale rebellion">Ceylon</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a> (1848–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">Second Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Rebellion" title="Eureka Rebellion">Eureka Rebellion</a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a> (1854–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_War" title="Anglo-Persian War">Anglo-Persian War</a> (1856–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> (1856–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion</a> (1857–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Rajab_Ali" title="Revolt of Rajab Ali">Revolt of Rajab Ali</a> (1857–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima" title="Bombardment of Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambela_campaign" title="Ambela campaign">Ambela campaign</a> (1863–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki_campaign" title="Shimonoseki campaign">Shimonoseki</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duar_War" title="Duar War">Duar War</a> (1864–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian Rebellion in Canada</a> (1866–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">Abyssinia</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Rebellion" title="Red River Rebellion">Manitoba</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_War" title="Perak War">Perak</a> (1875–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1879–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basuto_Gun_War" title="Basuto Gun War">Basutoland</a> (1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">First Boer War</a> (1880–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a> (1881–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian War</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">Saskatchewan</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Third Anglo-Burmese War">Third Anglo-Burmese War</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition" title="Emin Pasha Relief Expedition">Central Africa</a> (1886–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Expedition_of_1888" title="Hazara Expedition of 1888">Hazara</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Column" title="Pioneer Column">Mashonaland</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza%E2%80%93Nagar_Campaign" title="Hunza–Nagar Campaign">Hunza–Nagar Campaign</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Manipur_War" title="Anglo-Manipur War">Anglo-Manipur War</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Uprising" title="Pahang Uprising">Pahang Uprising</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Matabele_War" title="First Matabele War">Matabeleland</a> (1893–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh_Rebellion" title="Mat Salleh Rebellion">North Borneo</a> (1894–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitral_Expedition" title="Chitral Expedition">Chitral Expedition</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Raid" title="Jameson Raid">Jameson Raid South Africa</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zanzibar_War" title="Anglo-Zanzibar War">Anglo-Zanzibar War</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chimurenga" class="mw-redirect" title="First Chimurenga">Matabeleland</a> (1896–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Expedition_of_1897" title="Benin Expedition of 1897">Benin Expedition</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malakand" title="Siege of Malakand">Siege of Malakand</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_campaign_of_1897%E2%80%931898" title="Mohmand campaign of 1897–1898">First Mohmand campaign</a> (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirah_campaign" title="Tirah campaign">Tirah campaign</a> (1897–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War_(1899)" title="Six-Day War (1899)">Six-Day War</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> (1899–1902)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland</a> (1900–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Aro_War" title="Anglo-Aro War">West Africa</a> (1901–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">Tibet expedition</a> (1903–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rebellion" title="Bambatha Rebellion">Bambatha Rebellion</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_in_the_Tochi" title="Operations in the Tochi">Tochi</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising" title="Chilembwe uprising">Nyasaland</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussa_rebellion" title="Bussa rebellion">Nigeria</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_against_the_Mohmands,_Bunerwals_and_Swatis_in_1915" title="Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915">Peshawar</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_blockade" title="Mohmand blockade">Mohmand</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Quebec</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adubi_War" title="Adubi War">Nigeria</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)">Waziristan campaign</a> (1919–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_rebellion" title="Malabar rebellion">Malabar rebellion</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">Kurdistan</a> (1922–24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwan_Rebellion" title="Adwan Rebellion">Transjordan</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink%27s_War" title="Pink's War">Pink's War</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan_revolt" title="Ikhwan revolt">Ikhwan revolt</a> (1927–30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afridi_Redshirt_Rebellion,_Indian_North_West_Frontier_1930%E2%80%931931" title="Afridi Redshirt Rebellion, Indian North West Frontier 1930–1931">Tirah</a> (1930–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Barzani_revolt" title="Ahmed Barzani revolt">Barzani revolt</a> (1931–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_campaign_of_1935" title="Mohmand campaign of 1935">Second Mohmand campaign</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt in Palestine</a> (1936–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)">Waziristan campaign</a> (1936–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woyane_rebellion" title="Woyane rebellion">Ethiopia</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish revolt in Palestine</a> (1944–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Indochina</a> (1945–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Surabaya" title="Battle of Surabaya">Indonesia</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cession_movement_of_Sarawak" title="Anti-cession movement of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> (1946–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> (1948–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Kenya Emergency</a> (1952–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Oman</a> (1954–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Oman</a> (1962–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">Brunei</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak</a> (1962–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Malaysia</a> (1962–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden</a> (1963–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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