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box4 hidden-phone widget_text widget"> <div class="module-surround"> <div class="module-content"> <div class="textwidget"><table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="25%"><span style="color: #3366cc; font-size: x-large;"><b>COHESION</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>INDICATORS</b></span></td> <td></td> <td width="25%"><span style="color: #ff9900; font-size: x-large;"><b>ECONOMIC</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>INDICATORS</b></span></td> <td></td> <td width="25%"><span style="color: #33cccc; font-size: x-large;"><b>POLITICAL</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>INDICATORS</b></span></td> <td></td> <td width="25%"><span style="color: #cc0099; font-size: x-large;"><b>SOCIAL</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>AND CROSS-CUTTING INDICATORS</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/c1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c1-sec-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/c2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c2-fe-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/c3/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/indicator-c3-gg-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e1-eco-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" srcset="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e1-eco-w-233x300.png 233w, https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e1-eco-w.png 329w" sizes="(max-width: 47px) 100vw, 47px" /></a> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e2-ued-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e3/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e3-hf-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-p1-sl-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-p2-ps-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p3/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-p3-hr-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/s1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-s1-dp-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/s2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-s2-ref-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/x1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/indicator-x1-ext-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="47" height="60" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/c1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>C1: Security Apparatus</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/c2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>C2: Factionalized Elites</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/c3/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>C3: Group Grievance</b></span></a></td> <td></td> <td width="25%"><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>E1: Economic Decline</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>E2: Uneven Economic Development</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/e3/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>E3: Human Flight and Brain Drain</b></span></a></td> <td></td> <td width=""25%"><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>P1: State Legitimacy</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>P2: Public Services</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p3/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>P3: Human Rights and Rule of Law</b></span></a></td> <td></td> <td width="25%"><a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/s1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>S1: Demographic Pressures</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/s2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>S2: Refugees and IDPs</b></span></a><br /> <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/x1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>X1: External Intervention</b></span></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="rt-block rt-mainbody-block"> <div id="rt-mainbody"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="item-page"> <div class="post-230 page type-page status-publish hentry" id="post-230"> <h2> C1: Security Apparatus </h2> <div class="post-content"> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-192" src="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c1-sec-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="117" height="150" srcset="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c1-sec-w-233x300.png 233w, https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c1-sec-w.png 329w" sizes="(max-width: 117px) 100vw, 117px" />The Security Apparatus indicator considers the security threats to a state, such as bombings, attacks and battle-related deaths, rebel movements, mutinies, coups, or terrorism. The Security Apparatus also takes into account serious criminal factors, such as organized crime and homicides, and perceived trust of citizens in domestic security. In some instances, the security apparatus may extend beyond traditional military or police forces to include state-sponsored or state-supported private militias that terrorize political opponents, suspected “enemies,” or civilians seen to be sympathetic to the opposition. In other instances, the security apparatus of a state can include a “deep state”, that may consist of secret intelligence units, or other irregular security forces, that serve the interests of a political leader or clique. As a counter example, the indicator will also take into account armed resistance to a governing authority, particularly the manifestation of violent uprisings and insurgencies, proliferation of independent militias, vigilantes, or mercenary groups that challenge the state’s monopoly of the use of force.</p> <p><i>Questions to consider may include*:</i></p> <p><b>Monopoly on the Use of Force</b></p> <ul> <li>Military: Is the military under civilian control?</li> <li>Militias: Do private militias exist against the state?</li> <li>Paramilitary: Is there paramilitary activity?</li> <li>Private Forces: Do private armies exist to protect assets?</li> <li>Guerillas: Are there guerilla forces operating in the state? Do they control territory?</li> </ul> <p><b>Relationship Between Security and Citizenry</b></p> <ul> <li>Professionalization of Police: Are the police considered to be professional?</li> <li>Political Violence: Is violence often state-sponsored and politically motivated?</li> <li>Government Response to Security Threats: Is the government dealing well with any insurgency or security situation?</li> </ul> <p><b>Force</b></p> <ul> <li>Use of Force: Does the military and police maintain proper use of force?</li> <li>Accusations of Police Brutality: Are there accusations of police brutality?</li> </ul> <p><b>Arms</b></p> <ul> <li>Arms Proliferation: Is there a high availability of weapons?</li> <li>DDR Program: If in reconstruction, is there an adequate plan for demobilization, disarmament and reintegration of former combatants?</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><em>* Indicator descriptions are not exhaustive, and are intended only as an entry point for further interpretive analysis by the user. </em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="rt-content-bottom"> <div class="rt-grid-12 rt-alpha rt-omega"> <div id="text-20007" class="rt-block box4 visible-phone widget_text widget"> <div class="module-surround"> <div class="module-content"> <div class="textwidget"><table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><span style="color: #3366cc; font-size: x-large;"><b>COHESION</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>INDICATORS</b></span></td> <td></td> <td width="50%"><span style="color: #ff9900; font-size: x-large;"><b>ECONOMIC</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>INDICATORS</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/c1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c1-sec-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/c2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-c2-fe-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/c3/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/indicator-c3-gg-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a></td> <td></td> <td width="50%"><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/e1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e1-eco-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" srcset="https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e1-eco-w-233x300.png 233w, https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e1-eco-w.png 329w" sizes="(max-width: 24px) 100vw, 24px" /></a> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/e2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e2-ued-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/e3/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-e3-hf-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/c1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>C1: Security Apparatus</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/c2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>C2: Factionalized Elites</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/c3/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>C3: Group Grievance</b></span></a></td> <td></td> <td width="50%"><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/e1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>E1: Economic Decline</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/e2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>E2: Uneven Development</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/e3/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>E3: Human Flight</b></span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"> </td> <td></td> <td width="50%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><span style="color: #33cccc; font-size: x-large;"><b>POLITICAL</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>INDICATORS</b></span></td> <td></td> <td width="50%"><span style="color: #cc0099; font-size: x-large;"><b>SOCIAL</b></span><br /> <span style="color: #000000;"><b>AND CROSS-CUTTING</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/p1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-p1-sl-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/p2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-p2-ps-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/p3/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-p3-hr-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/s1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-s1-dp-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/s2/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indicator-s2-ref-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/x1/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-195" src="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/indicator-x1-ext-w-233x300.png" alt="" width="24" height="30" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/p1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>P1: State Legitimacy</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/p2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>P2: Public Services</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/p3/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>P3: Human Rights</b></span></a></td> <td></td> <td width="50%"><a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/s1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>S1: Demographics</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/s2/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>S2: Refugees and IDPs</b></span></a><br /> <a href="http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/indicators/x1/"><span style="color: #1685bb;"><b>X1: External Intervention</b></span></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; 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