Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer (Journal Article)

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-us"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer (Journal Article) | OSTI.GOV</title> <meta name="description" content="Calorimetric emissometers measure total hemispherical emissivity by measuring the heat transferred from a heated sample to its surroundings under a vacuum. The accuracy of emissometers standardized by the ASTM C835-06 are well understood. This work uses the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for the propagation uncertainties for an ASTM compliant emissometer. The GUM method was able to develop a measurement model and expressions to determine the uncertainty for other emissometers of this type. Data on ‘as-received’ Hastelloy X was used to develop a detailed uncertainty analysis of the emissivity measurement. Data on ‘as-received’ SS 347 and sandblasted A387 Gr. 91 and previous data by the group on A508/A533B were used to determine uncertainty over the ranges 0.16 to 0.81. For all samples, relative uncertainties in emissivities varied from 0.77% to 2.5% when using a fluxgate magnetometer sensor (FMS) to measure the DC heating current. Data on Hastelloy X using a Hall-effect sensor for DC current and low alloy steel showed the DC current and voltage across the test section to be dominate sources of uncertainty. When these sources were reduced, the specimen temperature and the surface area of the test sections were main sources of uncertainty in the emissivity, especially at higher temperatures. As thermal expansion of the surface was considered in the calculations, correlation between specimen temperature and surface area was examined. It was found to be a small contribution to emissivity's uncertainty despite the differences in linear CTE and its uncertainty for the materials analyzed in this study. For low temperatures, the chamber temperature can be a significant source of uncertainty if not sufficiently cooled. The GUM was also briefly compared to uncertainty from the 2nd and 3rd expansions of the Taylor series. We found that the results were the same when rounding to two significant figures. | OSTI.GOV"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.osti.gov/sites/www.osti.gov/files/public/styles/large/public/image-files/OSTI_favicon_32px.png" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/res/ostigovsearch.xml" title="OSTI.GOV Search" /> <style>button,html,input,select,textarea{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:400}.glyph{display:inline-block;width:1em;height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;margin-right:.25em}.footer-minor a:hover &{opacity:1}&.stroke-sm{stroke-width:1}&.stroke-md{stroke-width:1.5}&.stroke-lg{stroke-width:2}&.extlink{vertical-align:baseline;font-size:.75em;margin-left:.5em} html, button, input, select, textarea { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; } .glyph { display: inline-block; width: 1em; height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.125em; .header-nav-mobile-menu &, .footer-minor &, .nav-user & { opacity:0.65; margin-right:0.25em; } .footer-minor a:hover & { opacity:1; } &.stroke-sm { stroke-width:1; } &.stroke-md { stroke-width:1.5; } &.stroke-lg { stroke-width:2; } &.extlink { vertical-align: baseline; font-size: .75em; margin-left: .5em; } } button.close-advformoptions { position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: transparent; border: 0; color:#7cb342; font-size: 1.3rem; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/250324.1850/css/ostigov.min.css"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1848162" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Calorimetric emissometers measure total hemispherical emissivity by measuring the heat transferred from a heated sample to its surroundings under a vacuum. The accuracy of emissometers standardized by the ASTM C835-06 are well understood. This work uses the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for the propagation uncertainties for an ASTM compliant emissometer. The GUM method was able to develop a measurement model and expressions to determine the uncertainty for other emissometers of this type. Data on ‘as-received’ Hastelloy X was used to develop a detailed uncertainty analysis of the emissivity measurement. Data on ‘as-received’ SS 347 and sandblasted A387 Gr. 91 and previous data by the group on A508/A533B were used to determine uncertainty over the ranges 0.16 to 0.81. For all samples, relative uncertainties in emissivities varied from 0.77% to 2.5% when using a fluxgate magnetometer sensor (FMS) to measure the DC heating current. Data on Hastelloy X using a Hall-effect sensor for DC current and low alloy steel showed the DC current and voltage across the test section to be dominate sources of uncertainty. When these sources were reduced, the specimen temperature and the surface area of the test sections were main sources of uncertainty in the emissivity, especially at higher temperatures. As thermal expansion of the surface was considered in the calculations, correlation between specimen temperature and surface area was examined. It was found to be a small contribution to emissivity's uncertainty despite the differences in linear CTE and its uncertainty for the materials analyzed in this study. For low temperatures, the chamber temperature can be a significant source of uncertainty if not sufficiently cooled. The GUM was also briefly compared to uncertainty from the 2nd and 3rd expansions of the Taylor series. We found that the results were the same when rounding to two significant figures." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Walton, Kyle L." /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Al Zubaidi, Faten N." /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Univ. of Technology, Baghdad (Iraq). Dept. of Electromechanical Engineering; Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="García-Delgado, Gabriela M." /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tompson, Robert V." /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Loyalka, Sudarshan K." /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ghosh, Tushar K." /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="Sat Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="English" /> <meta name="citation_technical_report_institution" content="Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1848162" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Elsevier" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0017-9310" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="153" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="C" /> <meta name="citation_funding_source" content="citation_funder=US Department of Energy; citation_grant_number=NE0000743; "/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"datePublished":"Sat Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[],"name":"Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer","sourceOrganization":[{"name":"Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)","@type":"Organization"},{"name":"USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)","@type":"Organization"},{"name":"USDOE","@type":"Organization"}],"description":"Calorimetric emissometers measure total hemispherical emissivity by measuring the heat transferred from a heated sample to its surroundings under a vacuum. The accuracy of emissometers standardized by the ASTM C835-06 are well understood. This work uses the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for the propagation uncertainties for an ASTM compliant emissometer. The GUM method was able to develop a measurement model and expressions to determine the uncertainty for other emissometers of this type. Data on ‘as-received’ Hastelloy X was used to develop a detailed uncertainty analysis of the emissivity measurement. Data on ‘as-received’ SS 347 and sandblasted A387 Gr. 91 and previous data by the group on A508/A533B were used to determine uncertainty over the ranges 0.16 to 0.81. For all samples, relative uncertainties in emissivities varied from 0.77% to 2.5% when using a fluxgate magnetometer sensor (FMS) to measure the DC heating current. Data on Hastelloy X using a Hall-effect sensor for DC current and low alloy steel showed the DC current and voltage across the test section to be dominate sources of uncertainty. When these sources were reduced, the specimen temperature and the surface area of the test sections were main sources of uncertainty in the emissivity, especially at higher temperatures. As thermal expansion of the surface was considered in the calculations, correlation between specimen temperature and surface area was examined. It was found to be a small contribution to emissivity's uncertainty despite the differences in linear CTE and its uncertainty for the materials analyzed in this study. For low temperatures, the chamber temperature can be a significant source of uncertainty if not sufficiently cooled. The GUM was also briefly compared to uncertainty from the 2nd and 3rd expansions of the Taylor series. We found that the results were the same when rounding to two significant figures.","publisher":{"name":"Elsevier","@type":"Organization"},"@context":"http://schema.org/","headline":"Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer","url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1848162","sameAs":"https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1848162"}</script> </head> <body data-baseurl="https://www.osti.gov" data-context="" data-build="250324.1850" data-track="G-MP0JFZ283F" data-import="" data-start="true"> <div id="skiptocontent"><a href="#main-body">Skip to main content</a></div> <section id="content"> <header class="header-nav"> <nav class="nav-user small d-none d-md-flex"> <a href="/login"><svg class="glyph" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M224 256a128 128 0 1 0 0-256 128 128 0 1 0 0 256zm-45.7 48C79.8 304 0 383.8 0 482.3 0 498.7 13.3 512 29.7 512h388.6c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 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style="scroll-margin-top:10px;"> <h1><span itemprop="name headline">Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer</span></h1> <div class="row mb-2"> <div class="col-12 small" style="line-height:1.5rem;"> <span class="biblio-refs-type-badge text-muted">Journal Article</span> <span style="padding-left: 0.75rem;padding-right: 0.75rem;">·</span> <time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="Sat Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020">Sat Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020</time> <span style="padding-left: 0.75rem;padding-right: 0.75rem;">·</span> International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer <div style="margin-top: 0.4rem;"> <span class="text-muted" style="padding-right:0.5em;"> DOI:</span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Document DOI URL" class="doi-link" data-ostiid="1848162" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" style="word-wrap: break-word; padding-top:1em; padding-bottom:1em;">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607</a><span style="padding-left: 0.75rem;padding-right: 0.75rem;">·</span> <span class="text-muted" style="padding-right:0.5em;">OSTI ID:</span>1848162 </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-2" style="margin-bottom:1.5rem;"> <div class="col-12 small" style="line-height:1.4rem;"> <span class="author-link"><a href="/search/author:"Walton, Kyle L."" class="biblio-detail-author-link"><span class="author" itemprop="author">Walton, Kyle L.</span> <sup class="text-muted">[1]</sup></a>; </span> <span class="author-link"><a href="/search/author:"Al Zubaidi, Faten N."" class="biblio-detail-author-link"><span class="author" itemprop="author">Al Zubaidi, Faten N.</span> <sup class="text-muted">[2]</sup></a>; </span> <span class="author-link"><a href="/search/author:"García-Delgado, Gabriela M."" class="biblio-detail-author-link"><span class="author" itemprop="author">García-Delgado, Gabriela M.</span> <sup class="text-muted">[1]</sup></a>; </span> <span class="author-link"><a href="/search/author:"Tompson, Robert V."" class="biblio-detail-author-link"><span class="author" itemprop="author">Tompson, Robert V.</span> <sup class="text-muted">[1]</sup></a>; </span> <span class="author-link"><a href="/search/author:"Loyalka, Sudarshan K."" class="biblio-detail-author-link"><span class="author" itemprop="author">Loyalka, Sudarshan K.</span> <sup class="text-muted">[1]</sup></a>; </span> <span class="author-link"><a href="/search/author:"Ghosh, Tushar K."" class="biblio-detail-author-link"><span class="author" itemprop="author">Ghosh, Tushar K.</span> <sup class="text-muted">[1]</sup></a></span> <hr style="margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;"/> <ol class="affiliation_list affiliation_list_auth visible-print-block" style="padding-left:15px;"> <li>Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)</li> <li>Univ. of Technology, Baghdad (Iraq). Dept. of Electromechanical Engineering; Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)</li> </ol> <div class="affiliation_toggle affiliation_toggle_auth hidden-print"><a href="#" onclick="$('.affiliation_list_auth').toggleClass('visible-print-block');$('.affiliation_toggle_auth_text').text($('.affiliation_toggle_auth_text').text() == '+ Show' ? '- Hide' : '+ Show');return false;"> <span class="affiliation_toggle_auth_text">+ Show</span> Author Affiliations</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"><div id="metadata-description" class="col-sm-12 mb-2"> <p class="description mb-0 mt-0 trunc trunc-4" id="citation-abstract" itemprop="description"> Calorimetric emissometers measure total hemispherical emissivity by measuring the heat transferred from a heated sample to its surroundings under a vacuum. The accuracy of emissometers standardized by the ASTM C835-06 are well understood. This work uses the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for the propagation uncertainties for an ASTM compliant emissometer. The GUM method was able to develop a measurement model and expressions to determine the uncertainty for other emissometers of this type. Data on ‘as-received’ Hastelloy X was used to develop a detailed uncertainty analysis of the emissivity measurement. Data on ‘as-received’ SS 347 and sandblasted A387 Gr. 91 and previous data by the group on A508/A533B were used to determine uncertainty over the ranges 0.16 to 0.81. For all samples, relative uncertainties in emissivities varied from 0.77% to 2.5% when using a fluxgate magnetometer sensor (FMS) to measure the DC heating current. Data on Hastelloy X using a Hall-effect sensor for DC current and low alloy steel showed the DC current and voltage across the test section to be dominate sources of uncertainty. When these sources were reduced, the specimen temperature and the surface area of the test sections were main sources of uncertainty in the emissivity, especially at higher temperatures. As thermal expansion of the surface was considered in the calculations, correlation between specimen temperature and surface area was examined. It was found to be a small contribution to emissivity's uncertainty despite the differences in linear CTE and its uncertainty for the materials analyzed in this study. For low temperatures, the chamber temperature can be a significant source of uncertainty if not sufficiently cooled. The GUM was also briefly compared to uncertainty from the 2nd and 3rd expansions of the Taylor series. We found that the results were the same when rounding to two significant figures. </p> </div></div> </section> <div id="biblio-nav" class="row mb-2 d-md-block position-sticky d-print-none"> <div class="container"> <div class="row small align-flex-end mb-1" id="navbar-top"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-lg-6 p-0"><div class="wgap-0-5"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <a class="pure-button button-success fulltext-link" data-ostiid="1848162" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" href="/servlets/purl/1848162" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="glyph mr-0-5" aria-hidden="true"><use href="/assets/250324.1850/img/ui/ui-gfx.svg#glyph-download"></use></svg> View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)</a></div> <div class="d-inline-block"><a class="pure-button button-success fulltext-link" data-ostiid="1848162" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="glyph mr-0-5" aria-hidden="true"><use href="/assets/250324.1850/img/ui/ui-gfx.svg#glyph-download"></use></svg> View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)</a></div> </div></div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-lg-6 text-right mt-1 p-0"> <div class="text-left d-inline-block p-relative ml-2"> <details role="menu"> <summary role="link">Cite <svg class="glyph text-muted rotate-90" aria-hidden="true"><use href="/assets/250324.1850/img/ui/ui-gfx.svg#glyph-util-chevron"></use></svg></summary> <div class="dropdown z-2" style="min-width:400px;"> <div class="dropdown-panel"> <div class="biblio-cite p-1"> <h3 class="title-citeformat mt-0 mb-0-5">Citation Formats</h2> <div class="row mb-1"><div class="col-12"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-tabs-cite small clearfix"> <li class="active"><a href="#biblio-cite-mla" class="tab-nav tab-nav-cite" data-tab="cite">MLA</a></li> <li><a href="#biblio-cite-apa" class="tab-nav tab-nav-cite" data-tab="cite">APA</a></li> <li><a href="#biblio-cite-chi" class="tab-nav tab-nav-cite" data-tab="cite">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="#biblio-cite-bib" class="tab-nav tab-nav-cite" data-tab="cite">BibTeX</a></li> </ul> </div></div> <div class="row"><div class="col-12"> <section id="biblio-cite-mla" class="tab-content lh-1 active" data-tab="cite"> <div class="small"> <code id="biblio-cite-mla-code" class="citation-text">Walton, Kyle L., et al. "Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer." <em>International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer</em>, <em>vol. 153</em>, <em>no. C</em>, Mar. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607 </code> </div> <div class="text-right small mt-1"><a href="#" class="clip-cite-bib" data-clipboard-target="biblio-cite-mla-code">🗎 Copy to clipboard</a></div> </section> <section id="biblio-cite-apa" class="tab-content lh-1" data-tab="cite"> <div class="small"> <code id="biblio-cite-apa-code" class="citation-text">Walton, Kyle L., Al Zubaidi, Faten N., García-Delgado, Gabriela M., Tompson, Robert V., Loyalka, Sudarshan K., & Ghosh, Tushar K. (2020). Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer. <em>International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer</em>, <em>153</em>(C). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607 </code> </div> <div class="text-right small mt-1"><a href="#" class="clip-cite-bib" data-clipboard-target="biblio-cite-apa-code">🗎 Copy to clipboard</a></div> </section> <section id="biblio-cite-chi" class="tab-content lh-1" data-tab="cite"> <div class="small"> <code id="biblio-cite-chi-code" class="citation-text">Walton, Kyle L., Al Zubaidi, Faten N., García-Delgado, Gabriela M., et al., "Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer," <em>International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer</em> 153, no. C (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607 </code> </div> <div class="text-right small mt-1"><a href="#" class="clip-cite-bib" data-clipboard-target="biblio-cite-chi-code">🗎 Copy to clipboard</a></div> </section> <section id="biblio-cite-bib" class="tab-content lh-1" data-tab="cite"> <div class="small"> <code id="biblio-cite-bib-code" class="citation-text pre">@article{osti_1848162, author = {Walton, Kyle L. and Al Zubaidi, Faten N. and García-Delgado, Gabriela M. and Tompson, Robert V. and Loyalka, Sudarshan K. and Ghosh, Tushar K.}, title = {Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer}, annote = {Calorimetric emissometers measure total hemispherical emissivity by measuring the heat transferred from a heated sample to its surroundings under a vacuum. The accuracy of emissometers standardized by the ASTM C835-06 are well understood. This work uses the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for the propagation uncertainties for an ASTM compliant emissometer. The GUM method was able to develop a measurement model and expressions to determine the uncertainty for other emissometers of this type. Data on ‘as-received’ Hastelloy X was used to develop a detailed uncertainty analysis of the emissivity measurement. Data on ‘as-received’ SS 347 and sandblasted A387 Gr. 91 and previous data by the group on A508/A533B were used to determine uncertainty over the ranges 0.16 to 0.81. For all samples, relative uncertainties in emissivities varied from 0.77% to 2.5% when using a fluxgate magnetometer sensor (FMS) to measure the DC heating current. Data on Hastelloy X using a Hall-effect sensor for DC current and low alloy steel showed the DC current and voltage across the test section to be dominate sources of uncertainty. When these sources were reduced, the specimen temperature and the surface area of the test sections were main sources of uncertainty in the emissivity, especially at higher temperatures. As thermal expansion of the surface was considered in the calculations, correlation between specimen temperature and surface area was examined. It was found to be a small contribution to emissivity's uncertainty despite the differences in linear CTE and its uncertainty for the materials analyzed in this study. For low temperatures, the chamber temperature can be a significant source of uncertainty if not sufficiently cooled. The GUM was also briefly compared to uncertainty from the 2nd and 3rd expansions of the Taylor series. We found that the results were the same when rounding to two significant figures.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119607}, url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1848162}, journal = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer}, issn = {ISSN 0017-9310}, number = {C}, volume = {153}, place = {United States}, publisher = {Elsevier}, year = {2020}, month = {03}} </code> </div> <div class="text-right small mt-1"><a href="#" class="clip-cite-bib" data-clipboard-target="biblio-cite-bib-code">🗎 Copy to clipboard</a></div> </section> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </details> </div> <div class="text-left d-inline-block p-relative ml-2"> <details role="menu"> <summary role="link">Export <svg class="glyph text-muted rotate-90" aria-hidden="true"><use href="/assets/250324.1850/img/ui/ui-gfx.svg#glyph-util-chevron"></use></svg></summary> <div class="dropdown z-2"> <ul class="dropdown-menu" style="padding:0.5em; line-height: 1em;"> <li><a href="#" class="export-link" data-export="biblio" data-ostiid="1848162" data-format="enw" rel="nofollow">Endnote</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="export-link" data-export="biblio" data-ostiid="1848162" data-format="ris" rel="nofollow">RIS</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="export-link" data-export="biblio" data-ostiid="1848162" data-format="csv" rel="nofollow">CSV/Excel</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="export-link" data-export="biblio" data-ostiid="1848162" data-format="xml" rel="nofollow">XML</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="export-link" data-export="biblio" data-ostiid="1848162" data-format="json" rel="nofollow">JSON</a></li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> <div class="text-left d-inline-block p-relative ml-2"> <details role="menu"> <summary role="link">Share <svg class="glyph text-muted rotate-90" aria-hidden="true"><use href="/assets/250324.1850/img/ui/ui-gfx.svg#glyph-util-chevron"></use></svg></summary> <div class="dropdown z-2"> <ul class="dropdown-menu" style="padding:0.5em; 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Uncertainty analysis of steady-state measurements with a hot-filament type calorimetric emissometer (Journal Article) | OSTI.GOV