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<span>In Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primordial_Obatala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primordial_Obatala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Primordial Obatala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primordial_Obatala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortal_Obatala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortal_Obatala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mortal Obatala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortal_Obatala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In the Americas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_Americas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the Americas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Santería" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santería"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Santería</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santería-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candomblé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candomblé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Candomblé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Candomblé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Snails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offerings_and_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offerings_and_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Offerings and rituals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offerings_and_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriki_(praise_names)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriki_(praise_names)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Oriki (praise names)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriki_(praise_names)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatal%C3%A1" title="Obatalá – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Obatalá" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatala" title="Obatala – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Obatala" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatal%C3%A1" title="Obatalá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Obatalá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxal%C3%A1" title="Oxalá – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oxalá" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatala" title="Obatala – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Obatala" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatala" title="Obatala – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obatala" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatal%C3%A1" title="Obatalá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Obatalá" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Orisha in Yoruba mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Yoruba deity. 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He was instead given the job of creating human beings. This was authorized by his father, <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Olodumare</a> which gave Obatala the name sculptor of mankind.<sup id="cite_ref-Probst_2011_p._1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Probst_2011_p.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p><i>"Now Olodumare [the supreme being] once called on Obatala and told him that he would love him to assist in creating human beings that would live in the world he was about to create. This is because as he (Olodumare) said further he would not like the world he was planning to create to exist without human beings."</i><sup id="cite_ref-Probst_2011_p._1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Probst_2011_p.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Obatala had worked on his task with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Oshun" title="Oshun">Osun</a>. He is believed to be successful at creating human beings with water and clay, but during the creation phase he had become drunk with palm wine due to thirst. This caused him to create human beings with disabilities. When he became sober and saw his mistake, he vowed to never drink again and reinvented himself as "The Great White God", protector of people with disabilities. Due to this reinvention, he was given ascendance over human beings. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>  </p><p>According to the oral traditions of Ife, the mortal Obatala was the founder and <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">king</a> of Ife during its classical period. His position as the King was challenged by Oduduwa who assumed leadership of the town for a brief moment. However, Obatala was able to emerge victorious in the contest and it led to the murder of his rival <a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a> and the retrieval of his throne.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there exists an Obatala in the Yoruba pantheon, the understanding of the qualities of the Obatala god was merged into the human Obatala that ruled in Ife upon his posthumous <a href="/wiki/Deification" class="mw-redirect" title="Deification">deification</a>. Thus, the human Obatala who was the king at Ife was admitted to the Yoruba <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(religion)" title="Pantheon (religion)">pantheon</a> as an aspect of the primordial divinity of the same name. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Yoruba mythology, Obatala is one of the oldest of all of the orishas and was granted authority to create the Earth. Due to Obatala being drunk, <a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a> took this opportunity to show his worth to his father. He took the satchel that Olodumare had given Obatala to aid him in creation and used it to create land on the primeval ocean. Oduduwa did such a great job that Olodumare granted him the title "God of the Earth."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obatala was then given the task to create human beings. With this task he took a "long gold chain, a snail's shell filled with sand, a white hen, a black cat, and a palm nut" <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and climbed down to the end of the chain. </p><p>He released the white hen which spread the sand from the shell onto the ocean to create mountains and valleys. He also planted the palm nut to create a forest. </p><p>After being content with what he created, he started to mold human beings from clay. During this creative progress, he was drinking a large amount of palm wine, created from the palm nut forest, which caused him to create deformed figures in his drunken state. </p><p>When he became sober and realized what he had done, he vowed to never drink again and protect people with disabilities. </p><p>After he successfully created the human being figures, they were given <a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9" title="Aṣẹ">ase</a>, a copper knife, and a wooden hoe. They were able to prosper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Africa">In Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primordial_Obatala">Primordial Obatala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Primordial Obatala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg/220px-Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg/330px-Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg/440px-Obatala_Priester_im_Tempel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3447" data-file-height="2315" /></a><figcaption>Obatala priests praying in their temple in <a href="/wiki/Ile-Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile-Ife">Ile-Ife</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the tenets of the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba religion</a>, Obatala is one of the oldest of all of the orishas and was granted authority to create the Earth. A tradition states that before he could return to heaven and report to Olodumare, <a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a> usurped his responsibility (due to Obatala's being drunk at the time). He took the satchel that Olodumare had given Obatala to aid him in creation and used it to create land on the primeval ocean. A great feud ensued between the two siblings. However, an assessment of Yoruba traditional religion shows that each of the 201 deity are understood by their descendants and adherents to have carried out the creation of the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests the beginning of the world is an aspect of Yoruba cosmogenesis associated with numerous deities in Yoruba pantheons beyond Obatala or Oduduwa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortal_Obatala">Mortal Obatala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mortal Obatala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oba_(ruler)" title="Oba (ruler)">Oba</a> Obatala was the founder and the King of <a href="/wiki/Ile-Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile-Ife">Ile-Ife</a>, hence the appellation, Olufe. His reign was disrupted by an usurpation led by Oduduwa and his supporters such as Obameri, Obadio, Aloran, Ejio and Apata. However, Obatala was able to facilitate the death of Oduduwa and retrieve his throne as the king of Ile-Ife with the assistance of his support base consisting of Oluorogbo, Orunmila, Akire, Obalufon Ogbogboinrin (Obamakin), Owa Ilare and numerous others. This is re-enacted every year in the Obatala festival in Ife and the coronation rites of Ooni which indicate Obatala’s ownership of the crown, throne and authority.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, following the war between Obatala on the one hand and Oduduwa on the other, the latter lost and his support base dispersed, leading to a rotated rulership between the lineages of Obatala and Obalufon Ogbogbodinrin (Obamakin) who succeeded him. This was in effect till a coup conducted by Lajamisan, a descendant of Oranfe, disrupted the ruling structure.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Americas">In the Americas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In the Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santería"><span id="Santer.C3.ADa"></span>Santería</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Santería"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeddelBonfim001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GeddelBonfim001.jpg/220px-GeddelBonfim001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GeddelBonfim001.jpg/330px-GeddelBonfim001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GeddelBonfim001.jpg/440px-GeddelBonfim001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Festa do Bonfim, Bahia.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile" style="width: 20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Yoruba" title="Category:Yoruba">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; color: black"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yorùbá people</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg/180px-IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg/270px-IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg/360px-IMG-20180922-WA0007_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1078" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_art" title="Yoruba art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_architecture" title="Yoruba architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_culture" title="Yoruba culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_music" title="Yoruba music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Subgroups</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana (Ifɛ̀)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(Benin)" title="Ketu (Benin)">Kétu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patargo" title="Patargo">Ànàgó-Kúrá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sav%C3%A8" title="Savè">Ṣábẹ̀ẹ́</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akoko" title="Akoko">Àkókó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awori_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Awori tribe">Àwórì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egba_people" title="Egba people">Ẹ̀gbá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiti_people" title="Ekiti people">Èkìtì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibarapa_people" title="Ibarapa people">Ìbàràpá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offa,_Kwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Offa, Kwara">Ìbọ̀lọ́</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaasha_people" title="Idaasha people">Ìdàáṣà (Ìdàáshà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbomina" title="Igbomina">Ìgbómìnà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ife">Ifẹ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijebu_Kingdom" title="Ijebu Kingdom">Ìjẹ̀bú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijesha" title="Ijesha">Ìjẹ̀ṣà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okitipupa" title="Okitipupa">Ìkálẹ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaje" title="Ilaje">Ìlàjẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_people" title="Isha people">Ìshà (Ìṣà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokole_language_(Benin)" title="Mokole language (Benin)">Mọkọ́lé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohori_people" title="Ohori people">Ọ̀họ̀rí (Ìjẹ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okun_people" title="Okun people">Okun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onko" title="Onko">Òǹkò (Òkè-Ògùn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owo" title="Owo">Ọ̀ghọ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oworo_people" title="Oworo people">Ọ̀wọ́rọ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Owu people">Òwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Ọ̀yọ́</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamu" title="Sagamu">Rẹ́mọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_Kingdom" title="Ondo Kingdom">Ùdoko (Oǹdó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usen_people" title="Usen people">Usẹn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yewa_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yewa clan">Yéwa (Ẹ̀gbádò)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Related Yoruboid-speaking groups</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itsekiri_people" title="Itsekiri people">Ìtsẹkírì (Ìwẹ́rẹ́)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olukumi_people" title="Olukumi people">Olùkùmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igala_language" title="Igala language">Ígálà</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba diaspora">Diaspora</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oku_people_(Sierra_Leone)" title="Oku people (Sierra Leone)">Okus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saro_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saro (Nigeria)">Saros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabom_people" title="Tabom people">Taboms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saros_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saros (Nigeria)">Agudas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Saros_(Nigeria)#Amaros_in_Lagos" class="mw-redirect" title="Saros (Nigeria)">Amaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Cuban">Afro-Cubans / Lucumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Dominicans_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)">Afro-Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Haitians" title="Afro-Haitians">Afro-Haitians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Canadians" title="Yoruba Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_People#West_Africa_(Other)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba People">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nigerian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigerian">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Ireland#Language" title="Nigerians in Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Cultural concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omoluabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Omoluabi">Omọlúàbí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aso_ebi" title="Aso ebi">Aṣọẹbí</a></li> <li>Èsúsú</li> <li>Agbo ilé</li> <li>Alájọbí</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Supreme deity</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Olorun" class="mw-redirect" title="Olorun">Olorun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a></dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dt>Divination</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opon_If%C3%A1" title="Opon Ifá">Opon Ifá</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1#Odù_Ifá" title="Ifá">Odù Ifá</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ajere_Ifa" title="Ajere Ifa">Agere Ifa</a></dd> <dd>Awo & Ogberi</dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">Orisha</a>, Imọlẹ̀, Ẹbọra</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ọbàtálá</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Osanyin_staff" title="Osanyin staff">Ọ̀sanyìn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eshu" title="Eshu">Ẹlẹ́gbà</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yemoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemoja">Yemọja</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olokun" title="Olokun">Olókun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shango" title="Shango">Ṣàngó</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oya" class="mw-redirect" title="Oya">Ọyá</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ogun" title="Ogun">Ògún</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Babal%C3%BA-Ay%C3%A9" title="Babalú-Ayé">Ọbalúayé</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oshun" title="Oshun">Ọ̀ṣun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oshosi" title="Oshosi">Ọ̀ṣọ́ọ̀sì</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Crunmila" title="Ọrunmila">Ọ̀rúnmìlà</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aganju" title="Aganju">Aganjú</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oshumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Oshumare">Òṣùmàrè</a></dd> <dd>...</dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dt>Legendary creatures</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Ẹbọra</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Egbere" title="Egbere">Egbere</a></dd> <dd>Iwin</dd> <dd>Akudaaya</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abiku" title="Abiku">Abiku</a> & <a href="/wiki/Emere" title="Emere">Emere</a></dd> <dd>Oro</dd> <dd>...</dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dt>Religious concepts</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ase_(Yoruba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ase (Yoruba)">Àṣẹ</a></dd> <dd>Ìwà</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ori_(Yoruba)" title="Ori (Yoruba)">Orí</a></dd> <dd>Ìmùlẹ̀</dd> <dd>Àkámarà</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba mythology">Ìtàn</a></dd> <dd>Ẹbọ & Ètùtù</dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Politics / History</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Timeline</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Yoruba_people" title="History of the Yoruba people">History of the Yoruba people</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Palaces</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Àwọ̀fin, Ààfin, Àọ̀fin, Àghọ̀fẹn</li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Rulers (Oba)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Dassa" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa">Ọma-Jagun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oba_of_Lagos#List_of_Obas_of_Lagos" title="Oba of Lagos">Eléko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Icha" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha">Ìchà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Ife" title="List of rulers of Ife">Ọọ̀ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alara_of_Ilara-Mokin" title="Alara of Ilara-Mokin">Alárá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Ketu" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu">Alákétu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osemawe_of_Ondo_Kingdom" title="Osemawe of Ondo Kingdom">Òṣemàwé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Oyo" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo">Aláàfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Remo" title="List of rulers of Remo">Àkárìgbò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Sabe" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe">Oníṣabẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olowo_of_Owo" title="Olowo of Owo">Ọlọ́ghọ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awujale" title="Awujale">Awùjalẹ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egba_Ake" title="Egba Ake">Aláké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangun" title="Orangun">Òràngún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akure_Kingdom#List_of_Dejis_and_Adeles_of_Akure" title="Akure Kingdom">Dééjì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilesa#The_Ijesa_Monarchs" title="Ilesa">Ọwá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offa,_Kwara#List_of_Olofas_in_Order_of_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Offa, Kwara">Ọlọ́fà</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Royal_titles_of_Yoruba_monarchs" title="Royal titles of Yoruba monarchs">Titles</a> (Oyè)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olori_(title)" title="Olori (title)">Olorì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oloye" class="mw-redirect" title="Oloye">Òjoyè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baale_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baale (title)">Baálẹ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Omoba">Ọmọba</a></li> <li>Ọlọ́jà</li> <li>Ọwá</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyalode_(title)" title="Iyalode (title)">Ìyálóde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalawo#Functions_in_society" title="Babalawo">Olú-awo</a></li> <li>Olótu</li> <li>Ọ̀dọ̀fin</li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Nobility (Ògbóni)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogboni" title="Ogboni">Ògbóni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogboni#The_Iwarefa" title="Ogboni">Ìwàrẹ/Ẹ̀ghàrẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Mesi" title="Oyo Mesi">Ọ̀yọ́mèsì</a></li> <li>Ẹdan</li> <li>Ilédì</li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Military and commerce</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_empire#Are_Ona_Kakanfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo empire">Kakaǹfò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eso_Ikoyi" title="Eso Ikoyi">Ẹ̀ṣọ́</a></li> <li>Parakòyí / Bàbálájé</li> <li>Olórogun</li> <li>Olúkọ̀tún</li> <li>Olúkòsì</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Cy%C3%A1l%27%E1%BB%8D%CC%81j%C3%A0" title="Ìyál'ọ́jà">Ìyálọ́jà</a></li> <li>Balógun</li> <li>Ajagunnà</li> <li>Aṣípa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire#Oyo_Mesi" title="Oyo Empire">Baṣọ̀run</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Geography</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_country" title="Yoruba country">Yoruba country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Festivals / events</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>West Africa</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osun-Osogbo" title="Osun-Osogbo">Ọ̀ṣun-Òṣogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olojo_festival" title="Olojo festival">Ọlọ́jọ́</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igogo_festival" title="Igogo festival">Ìgògò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyo_festival" title="Eyo festival">Ẹ̀yọ̀ Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badagry_Festival" title="Badagry Festival">Badagry Festival</a></li> <li>Orosun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun" title="Ogun">Ọdún Ògún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojude_Oba_festival" title="Ojude Oba festival">Ojúde Ọba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oro_Festival" title="Oro Festival">Orò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A9_Arts_and_Book_Festival" title="Aké Arts and Book Festival">Aké Arts & Book Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sango_Festival" title="Sango Festival">World Sango Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun">Odun Egungun</a></li> <li>Líṣàbí</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokun_Festival" title="Olokun Festival">Ọdún Olókun</a></li> <li>Yorùbá Drum Festival</li> <li>New Yam- Ọdún Ìjẹṣu</li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Diaspora</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odunde_Festival" title="Odunde Festival">Odunde Festival</a></li> <li>Yoruba Arts Festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemoja">Yemoja</a> Festival (Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad, USA, Venezuela, Argentina)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Contemporary</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apala" title="Apala">Apala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">Fuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Were_music" title="Were music">Were</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">Yoruba Highlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_music" title="Waka music">Waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_music" title="Sakara music">Sakara</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Folk / Traditional</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolojo" title="Bolojo">Bolojo</a></li> <li>Obitun</li> <li>Bírípo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat%C3%A1_drum" title="Batá drum">Bata</a></li> <li>Olele</li> <li>Ijala</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelede" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelede">Gẹ̀lẹ̀dẹ́</a></li> <li>Ekun Iyawo/Rara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadakuada" title="Dadakuada">Dadakuada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriki" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriki">Oriki</a></li> <li>Esa</li> <li>Alamo</li> <li>Ogede</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbedu" title="Gbedu">Gbedu</a></li> <li>Iremoje</li> <li>Ewì</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#93C572;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Notable personalities</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yoruba_people" title="List of Yoruba people">List of Yoruba people</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoruba_people" title="Template:Yoruba people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoruba_people" title="Template talk:Yoruba people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoruba_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoruba people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Obatalá</b> is the oldest "<a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">orisha</a> fúnfún" ("white deity"), referring to purity, both physically and symbolically as in the "light" of consciousness. In <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, Obatalá is syncretized with <a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Mercy" title="Virgin of Mercy">Our Lady of Mercy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Of Nazareth</a>. Obatalá is said to have an equal number of male paths as female paths, but more often crowns women in part because men are traditionally crowned in <a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a> in many lineages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Candomblé"><span id="Candombl.C3.A9"></span>Candomblé</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Candomblé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Candomblé, Oxalá (Obatalá) has been syncretized with Our Lord of Bonfim; in that role, he is the patron saint of Bahia. The extensive use of white clothing, which is associated with the worship of Oxalá, has become a symbol of Candomblé in general.<sup id="cite_ref-van_de_Port2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_de_Port2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Friday is the day dedicated to the worship of Oxalá. A large <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> religious celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nosso_Senhor_do_Bonfim_(Salvador)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Nosso Senhor do Bonfim (Salvador)">Festa do Bonfim</a> in January in <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador, Brazil">Salvador</a> celebrates both Oxalá and Our Lord of Bonfim; it includes the washing of the church steps with a special water, made with flowers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snails">Snails</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Snails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The snail <i><a href="/wiki/Achatina_fulica" class="mw-redirect" title="Achatina fulica">Achatina fulica</a></i> is used for <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">religious purposes in Brazil</a> as an offering to Obatala. It is seen as a substitute for the African giant snail (<i><a href="/wiki/Archachatina_marginata" title="Archachatina marginata">Archachatina marginata</a></i>) that is used in <a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a> because they are known by the same name (<i>Igbin</i>, also known as <i>Ibi</i>) in both Brazil and Yorubaland.<sup id="cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léo_Neto_et_al-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offerings_and_rituals">Offerings and rituals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Offerings and rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of offering to orishas, Female orishas (Iabás) "eat" female animals, while male Orishas (Borós) "eat" male animals. However, Obatala is the only male orisha who "eats" in the Iabás circle, thus accepting sacrifices of female animals in his honor. Bastide,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commented on the <a href="/wiki/Androgynous" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgynous">androgynous</a> characteristics of Obatala as an explanation of why this orisha accepts female animals as offerings. According to some priests, however, Obatala does not have a sex, since, according to the myths, he is the Father of Creation. Obatala is therefore the equivalent of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> in the catholic syncretism who also does not have a specific sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léo_Neto_et_al-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike other Orisha, Obatala only accepts offerings cooked in <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, as he has a distaste for <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">dende</a> oil.<sup id="cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léo_Neto_et_al-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like any other Orisha, Obatala does not specifically eat the offering himself, but consumes the energy of the offering, or <a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9" title="Aṣẹ">Axé</a>. The expression "eat" is used as a symbolism for a spiritual form of feeding. Orishas do not "come down" from the spiritual plain to eat (literally speaking) the animal being offered.<sup id="cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léo_Neto_et_al-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally speaking, for <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">sacrificial offerings</a> to Obatala, considered an orixá-funfun (literally "white orisha"), the animals or their parts should be completely white, such as the white blood of the mollusk called Igbin (<a href="/wiki/Lissachatina_fulica" title="Lissachatina fulica">Achatina fulica</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léo_Neto_et_al-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oriki_(praise_names)"><span id="Oriki_.28praise_names.29"></span>Oriki (praise names)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Oriki (praise names)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Oluwa Aye - Lord of the Earth</li> <li>Alabalashe - He who has divine authority (he who owns wishes, and grand them)</li> <li>Baba Arugbo - Old Master or Father (Ancient Father/Master)</li> <li>Baba Araye - Master or Father of all human beings</li> <li>Orishanla (also spelled Orishainla or Oshanla) - the arch divinity</li> <li>Olufe - King of Ife or Lord of Ife</li> <li>Oseremagbo - King of Ugbo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/21px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/31px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/42px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Traditional African religion">Traditional African religion portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Idowu, E. Bolaji: <i>Olodumare: God in Yoruba Belief</i>, London 1962.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemi_Elebuibon" title="Yemi Elebuibon">Elebuibon, Yemi</a>: <i>Adventures of Obatala, Pt. 2</i>.</li> <li>Lange, Dierk: "The dying and the rising God in the New Year Festival of Ife", in: Lange, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=syATJKcx5A0C&q=lange,+kingdoms"><i>Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa</i></a>, Dettelbach 2004, pp. 343–376.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cbatala&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Probst_2011_p.-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Probst_2011_p._1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Probst_2011_p._1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFProbst2011" class="citation book cs1">Probst, Peter (2011). <i>Osogbo and the Art of Heritage</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22295-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22295-4"><bdi>978-0-253-22295-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osogbo+and+the+Art+of+Heritage&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22295-4&rft.aulast=Probst&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%BB%8Cbatala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancient Ile-Ife: Another Cultural Historical Reinterpretation by Ade Obayemi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.godchecker.com/yoruba-mythology/OBATALA/">"OBATALA - the Yoruba God of Purity (Yoruba mythology)"</a>. <i>Godchecker - Your Guide to the Gods</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Godchecker+-+Your+Guide+to+the+Gods&rft.atitle=OBATALA+-+the+Yoruba+God+of+Purity+%28Yoruba+mythology%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.godchecker.com%2Fyoruba-mythology%2FOBATALA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%BB%8Cbatala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigmyth.com/download/YORUBA_CREATION.pdf">"Yoruba Creation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yoruba+Creation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigmyth.com%2Fdownload%2FYORUBA_CREATION.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%BB%8Cbatala" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Iwori Meji” in The Original Major Odu Ifa Ile Ife Volume 1 by Ologundudu, A., and Aworeni, A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NAI CSO 26/3 file 29829, Report on the Native Organisation of Ife District – Oyo Province by J. A. McKenzie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Voice of Africa by Leo Frobenius</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_de_Port2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-van_de_Port2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_de_Port2015" class="citation journal cs1">van de Port, Mattijs (2015). "Bahian white: the dispersion of Candomblé imagery in the public sphere of Bahia". <i>Material Religion</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 242–274. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175183407X219769">10.2752/175183407X219769</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-2200">1743-2200</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218836534">218836534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Material+Religion&rft.atitle=Bahian+white%3A+the+dispersion+of+Candombl%C3%A9+imagery+in+the+public+sphere+of+Bahia&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=242-274&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218836534%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1743-2200&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175183407X219769&rft.aulast=van+de+Port&rft.aufirst=Mattijs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%BB%8Cbatala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Léo_Neto_et_al-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Léo_Neto_et_al_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLéo_NetoBrooksAlves2009" class="citation journal cs1">Léo Neto, Nivaldo A.; Brooks, Sharon E.; Alves, Rômulo RN (26 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739163">"From Eshu to Obatala: animals used in sacrificial rituals at Candomblé "terreiros" in Brazil"</a>. <i>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-4269-5-23">10.1186/1746-4269-5-23</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1746-4269">1746-4269</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739163">2739163</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19709402">19709402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnobiology+and+Ethnomedicine&rft.atitle=From+Eshu+to+Obatala%3A+animals+used+in+sacrificial+rituals+at+Candombl%C3%A9+%22terreiros%22+in+Brazil&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2739163%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1746-4269&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19709402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1746-4269-5-23&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9o+Neto&rft.aufirst=Nivaldo+A.&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Sharon+E.&rft.au=Alves%2C+R%C3%B4mulo+RN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2739163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%BB%8Cbatala" class="Z3988"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 (CC BY 2.0)</a> license.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdor.sibi.ufrj.br/bitstream/doc/361/1/313%20PDF%20-%20OCR%20-%20RED.pdf">Rito Nagô</a> ufrj.br</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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