HTTP::Date - HTTP::Date - date conversion routines

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <title>HTTP::Date - HTTP::Date - date conversion routines - metacpan.org</title> <link rel="preload" as="fetch" href="/account/login_status" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link href="/assets/style-XFEQ536G.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="/assets/main-WXBSEDQJ.js" type="module"></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Recent CPAN Uploads of HTTP-Date - MetaCPAN" href="/dist/HTTP-Date/releases.rss" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://metacpan.org/pod/HTTP::Date" /> <meta name="description" content="HTTP::Date - date conversion routines" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/icons/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/static/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="search" href="/static/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="MetaCPAN"> <script async 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href="/dist/HTTP-Date">HTTP-Date</a> </li> <li> Module version: 6.06 </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="/dist/HTTP-Date/source/lib/HTTP/Date.pm">Source</a> (<a href="/dist/HTTP-Date/source/lib/HTTP/Date.pm?raw=1">raw</a>) </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="/dist/HTTP-Date/source/lib/HTTP">Browse</a> (<a href="/dist/HTTP-Date/source/lib/HTTP?raw=1">raw</a>) </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g c" href="/dist/HTTP-Date/changes">Changes</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" class="nopopup" href="https://github.com/libwww-perl/HTTP-Date">Homepage</a> </li> <li> <a class="nopopup" href="/dist/HTTP-Date/contribute">How to Contribute</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g r" href="https://github.com/libwww-perl/HTTP-Date">Repository</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://github.com/libwww-perl/HTTP-Date/issues">Issues</a> (4) </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=HTTP-Date+6.06" title="Matrix">Testers</a> <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/H/HTTP-Date.html?oncpan=1&distmat=1&version=6.06&grade=2" style="color: #090">4592</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/H/HTTP-Date.html?oncpan=1&distmat=1&version=6.06&grade=3" style="color: #900">0</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/H/HTTP-Date.html?oncpan=1&distmat=1&version=6.06&grade=4">0</a>)</span> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06">Kwalitee</a> </li> <li> <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on HTTP-Date who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)"> Bus factor: 5 </div> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpancover.com/latest/HTTP-Date-6.06/index.html">88.02% Coverage </a> </li> <li> License: perl_5 </li> <li> Perl: v5.6.2 </li> <li class="chat-banner"> <div><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#irc://irc.perl.org/#lwp?nick=mc-guest-?">Chat with us!</a></div> </li> <li class="nav-header">Activity</li> <li> <div class="activity-graph"> <img src="/dist/HTTP-Date/activity.svg?res=month" /> <div class="comment">24 month</div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-header">Tools</li> <li> <a itemprop="downloadUrl" href="https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/O/OA/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06.tar.gz"> Download (<span itemprop="fileSize">30.89KB</span>)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://explorer.metacpan.org/?url=%2Fmodule%2FOALDERS%2FHTTP-Date-6.06%2Flib%2FHTTP%2FDate.pm"> MetaCPAN Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/dist/HTTP-Date/permissions"> Permissions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/dist/HTTP-Date/releases.rss"> Subscribe to distribution </a> </li> <li> <button class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metacpan_install-instructions-dialog"> Install Instructions </button> </li> <li> <form action="/search"> <input type="hidden" name="q" value="dist:HTTP-Date"> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search distribution" class="form-control tool-bar-form"> <input type="submit" style="display: none"> </form> </li> <li> <form action="https://grep.metacpan.org/search"> <input type="hidden" name="qd" value="HTTP-Date"> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="metacpan"> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="grep distribution" class="form-control tool-bar-form"> <input type="submit" style="display: none"> </form> </li> <li class="version-jump"> <select class="select-navigator form-control tool-bar-form"> <option disabled selected>Jump to version</option> <option disabled value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.06 (OALDERS on 2023-07-06)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.05/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.05 (OALDERS on 2019-11-19)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.04/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.04 (OALDERS on 2019-11-14)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.03/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.03 (OALDERS on 2019-11-13)</option> <option value="/release/GAAS/HTTP-Date-6.02/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.02 (GAAS on 2012-03-30)</option> <optgroup label="BackPAN">' <option value="/release/GAAS/HTTP-Date-6.01/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.01 (GAAS on 2012-02-15)</option> <option value="/release/GAAS/HTTP-Date-6.00/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.00 (GAAS on 2011-02-25)</option> </optgroup> </select> </li> <li class="version-diff"> <select class="select-navigator form-control tool-bar-form"> <option disabled selected>Diff with version</option> <option disabled value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.06 (OALDERS on 2023-07-06)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.05/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.05 (OALDERS on 2019-11-19)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.04/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.04 (OALDERS on 2019-11-14)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.03/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.03 (OALDERS on 2019-11-13)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/GAAS/HTTP-Date-6.02/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.02 (GAAS on 2012-03-30)</option> <optgroup label="BackPAN">' <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/GAAS/HTTP-Date-6.01/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.01 (GAAS on 2012-02-15)</option> <option value="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/diff/GAAS/HTTP-Date-6.00/lib/HTTP/Date.pm" >6.00 (GAAS on 2011-02-25)</option> </optgroup> </select> </li> <li> <ul class="dependencies"> <li class="nav-header">Dependencies</li> <li><a href="/pod/Exporter" title="Exporter" class="ellipsis">Exporter</a></li> <li><a href="/pod/Time::Local" title="Time::Local" class="ellipsis">Time::Local</a></li> <li><a href="/pod/Time::Zone" title="Time::Zone" class="ellipsis">Time::Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/pod/strict" title="strict" class="ellipsis">strict</a></li> <li> <hr> </li> <li> <a href="/module/HTTP::Date/requires">Reverse dependencies</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=HTTP%3A%3ADate">CPAN Testers List</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cpandeps.grinnz.com/?dist=HTTP-Date">Dependency graph</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-header">Permalinks</li> <li> <a href="/release/OALDERS/HTTP-Date-6.06/view/lib/HTTP/Date.pm">This version</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pod/HTTP::Date">Latest version</a> </li> <li> <div class="plussers"> <div class="nav-header">++ed by:</div> <div> <a class="display-all" href="/author/BKB"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/191945c6c283d81db701008b2d89b68c?d=identicon&s=20" title="BKB" alt="BKB"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/DAGOLDEN"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/bb755c989fcb9897f28a2c6e00df61e2?d=identicon&s=20" title="DAGOLDEN" alt="DAGOLDEN"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/ESABOL"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/539e6f9968426ec02d3370d7654849e2?d=identicon&s=20" title="ESABOL" alt="ESABOL"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/SYP"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/9b6fa62677be03c25ee1af4d95472042?d=identicon&s=20" title="SYP" alt="SYP"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/KEEDI"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/95f905a7a4ccc573c711e9d264c0fde8?d=identicon&s=20" title="KEEDI" alt="KEEDI"></a> </div>  <div> <a href="/dist/HTTP-Date/plussers">8 PAUSE users</a> </div> <div> 9 non-PAUSE users </div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <button class="contributors-show-button btn-link">and 49 contributors</button> <div id="metacpan_contributors" class="slide-out slide-out-hidden"> <div> <ul> <li class="contributor" data-cpan-author="ADAMK" data-contrib-email="adamk@cpan.org" > 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 • 8807 total dependents </title> <rect x="0" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="5" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="10" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="15" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="20" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> </g> </svg> </span> <div id="HTTP-Date-fav" class="show-logged-in"> <form action="/account/favorite/add" style="display: inline" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="remove" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name="release" value="HTTP-Date-6.06"> <input type="hidden" name="author" value="OALDERS"> <input type="hidden" name="distribution" value="HTTP-Date"> <button type="submit" class="favorite highlight"><span>17</span> ++</button> </form> </div> <div class="show-logged-out"> <button class="fav-not-logged-in favorite highlight"><span>17</span> ++</button> </div> / <span>HTTP::Date</span> </div> </div> <main class="content"> <nav class="toc"> <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div> <ul> <li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> <li><a href="#VERSION">VERSION</a></li> <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> <li><a href="#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li> <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li> <li><a href="#COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE">COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</a></li> </ul></nav> <div class="pod anchors"> <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> <p>HTTP::Date - HTTP::Date - date conversion routines</p> <h1 id="VERSION">VERSION</h1> <p>version 6.06</p> <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1> <pre><code>use HTTP::Date; $string = time2str($time); # Format as GMT ASCII time $time = str2time($string); # convert ASCII date to machine time</code></pre> <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> <p>This module provides functions that deal the date formats used by the HTTP protocol (and then some more). Only the first two functions, time2str() and str2time(), are exported by default.</p> <dl> <dt id="time2str(-[$time]-)"><a id="time2str"></a><a id="time2str-time"></a>time2str( [$time] )</dt> <dd> <p>The time2str() function converts a machine time (seconds since epoch) to a string. If the function is called without an argument or with an undefined argument, it will use the current time.</p> <p>The string returned is in the format preferred for the HTTP protocol. This is a fixed length subset of the format defined by RFC 1123, represented in Universal Time (GMT). An example of a time stamp in this format is:</p> <pre><code>Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT</code></pre> </dd> <dt id="str2time(-$str-[,-$zone]-)"><a id="str2time"></a><a id="str2time-str-zone"></a>str2time( $str [, $zone] )</dt> <dd> <p>The str2time() function converts a string to machine time. It returns <code>undef</code> if the format of $str is unrecognized, otherwise whatever the <code>Time::Local</code> functions can make out of the parsed time. Dates before the system's epoch may not work on all operating systems. The time formats recognized are the same as for parse_date().</p> <p>The function also takes an optional second argument that specifies the default time zone to use when converting the date. This parameter is ignored if the zone is found in the date string itself. If this parameter is missing, and the date string format does not contain any zone specification, then the local time zone is assumed.</p> <p>If the zone is not "<code>GMT</code>" or numerical (like "<code>-0800</code>" or "<code>+0100</code>"), then the <code>Time::Zone</code> module must be installed in order to get the date recognized.</p> </dd> <dt id="parse_date(-$str-)"><a id="parse_date"></a><a id="parse_date-str"></a>parse_date( $str )</dt> <dd> <p>This function will try to parse a date string, and then return it as a list of numerical values followed by a (possible undefined) time zone specifier; ($year, $month, $day, $hour, $min, $sec, $tz). The $year will be the full 4-digit year, and $month numbers start with 1 (for January).</p> <p>In scalar context the numbers are interpolated in a string of the "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss TZ"-format and returned.</p> <p>If the date is unrecognized, then the empty list is returned (<code>undef</code> in scalar context).</p> <p>The function is able to parse the following formats:</p> <pre><code>"Wed, 09 Feb 1994 22:23:32 GMT" -- HTTP format "Thu Feb 3 17:03:55 GMT 1994" -- ctime(3) format "Thu Feb 3 00:00:00 1994", -- ANSI C asctime() format "Tuesday, 08-Feb-94 14:15:29 GMT" -- old rfc850 HTTP format "Tuesday, 08-Feb-1994 14:15:29 GMT" -- broken rfc850 HTTP format "03/Feb/1994:17:03:55 -0700" -- common logfile format "09 Feb 1994 22:23:32 GMT" -- HTTP format (no weekday) "08-Feb-94 14:15:29 GMT" -- rfc850 format (no weekday) "08-Feb-1994 14:15:29 GMT" -- broken rfc850 format (no weekday) "1994-02-03 14:15:29 -0100" -- ISO 8601 format "1994-02-03 14:15:29" -- zone is optional "1994-02-03" -- only date "1994-02-03T14:15:29" -- Use T as separator "19940203T141529Z" -- ISO 8601 compact format "19940203" -- only date "08-Feb-94" -- old rfc850 HTTP format (no weekday, no time) "08-Feb-1994" -- broken rfc850 HTTP format (no weekday, no time) "09 Feb 1994" -- proposed new HTTP format (no weekday, no time) "03/Feb/1994" -- common logfile format (no time, no offset) "Feb 3 1994" -- Unix 'ls -l' format "Feb 3 17:03" -- Unix 'ls -l' format "11-15-96 03:52PM" -- Windows 'dir' format "11-15-1996 03:52PM" -- Windows 'dir' format with four-digit year</code></pre> <p>The parser ignores leading and trailing whitespace. It also allow the seconds to be missing and the month to be numerical in most formats.</p> <p>If the year is missing, then we assume that the date is the first matching date <i>before</i> current month. If the year is given with only 2 digits, then parse_date() will select the century that makes the year closest to the current date.</p> </dd> <dt id="time2iso(-[$time]-)"><a id="time2iso"></a><a id="time2iso-time"></a>time2iso( [$time] )</dt> <dd> <p>Same as time2str(), but returns a "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss"-formatted string representing time in the local time zone.</p> </dd> <dt id="time2isoz(-[$time]-)"><a id="time2isoz"></a><a id="time2isoz-time"></a>time2isoz( [$time] )</dt> <dd> <p>Same as time2str(), but returns a "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ssZ"-formatted string representing Universal Time.</p> </dd> </dl> <h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1> <p><a href="/pod/perlfunc#time">"time" in perlfunc</a>, <a href="/pod/Time::Zone">Time::Zone</a></p> <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1> <p>Gisle Aas <gisle@activestate.com></p> <h1 id="COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE"><a id="COPYRIGHT"></a>COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</h1> <p>This software is copyright (c) 1995 by Gisle Aas.</p> <p>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.</p></div> <div id="metacpan_install-instructions-dialog" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Module Install Instructions</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>To install HTTP::Date, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.</p> <p><a href="/dist/App-cpanminus/view/bin/cpanm">cpanm</a></p> <pre><code>cpanm HTTP::Date</code></pre> <p><a href="/pod/CPAN">CPAN shell</a></p> <pre><code>perl -MCPAN -e shell install HTTP::Date</code></pre> <p>For more information on module installation, please visit <a href="https://www.cpan.org/modules/INSTALL.html">the detailed CPAN module installation guide</a>.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <a href="#" data-dismiss="modal" class="btn">Close</a> </div> 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