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however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Kamerun+ya+Kijerumani" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ingia</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Chaguo zaidi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana binafsi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana binafsi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw"><span>Michango</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Kamerun+ya+Kijerumani" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Unda akaunti</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Kamerun+ya+Kijerumani" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Karne_ya_19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karne_ya_19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Karne ya 19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karne_ya_19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utangulizi_wa_ukoloni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utangulizi_wa_ukoloni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Utangulizi wa ukoloni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utangulizi_wa_ukoloni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuundwa_kwa_koloni_la_Kijerumani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuundwa_kwa_koloni_la_Kijerumani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Kuundwa kwa koloni la Kijerumani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuundwa_kwa_koloni_la_Kijerumani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karne_ya_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karne_ya_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Karne ya 20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karne_ya_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uenezaji_wa_utawala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uenezaji_wa_utawala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Uenezaji wa utawala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uenezaji_wa_utawala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mwisho_kwenye_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mwisho_kwenye_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Mwisho kwenye Vita Kuu ya Kwanza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mwisho_kwenye_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanbihi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanbihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tanbihi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanbihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kujisomea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kujisomea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kujisomea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kujisomea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamerun ya Kijerumani</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 39 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 39</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits-Kameroen" title="Duits-Kameroen – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duits-Kameroen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الكاميرون الألمانية – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكاميرون الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88" title="آلمان کامرونو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان کامرونو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Германскі Камерун – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германскі Камерун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameroun_alaman" title="Kameroun alaman – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kameroun alaman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camerun_Alemany" title="Camerun Alemany – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Camerun Alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BD_Kamerun" title="Německý Kamerun – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německý Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camer%C5%B5n_Almaenig" title="Camerŵn Almaenig – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Camerŵn Almaenig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun_(Kolonie)" title="Kamerun (Kolonie) – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kamerun (Kolonie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kamerun" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_Kamerun" title="Saksa Kamerun – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun_Alemana" title="Kamerun Alemana – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kamerun Alemana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کامرون آلمان – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامرون آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_Kamerun" title="Saksan Kamerun – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camer%C3%BAn_alem%C3%A1n" title="Camerún alemán – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Camerún alemán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קמרון הגרמנית – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קמרון הגרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_Kamerun" title="Njemački Kamerun – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemački Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գերմանական Կամերուն – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանական Կամերուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun_Jerman" title="Kamerun Jerman – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamerun Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camerun_tedesco" title="Camerun tedesco – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Camerun tedesco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E9%A0%98%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ドイツ保護領カメルーン – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ保護領カメルーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%B9_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%A3%AC" title="독일령 카메룬 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일령 카메룬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokietijos_Kamer%C5%ABnas" title="Vokietijos Kamerūnas – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokietijos Kamerūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits-Kameroen" title="Duits-Kameroen – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duits-Kameroen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerun_Niemiecki" title="Kamerun Niemiecki – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamerun Niemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camar%C3%B5es_Alem%C3%A3es" title="Camarões Alemães – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Camarões Alemães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Германский Камерун – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германский Камерун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Немачки Камерун – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачки Камерун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyska_Kamerun" title="Tyska Kamerun – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyska Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_Kamerunu" title="Alman Kamerunu – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alman Kamerunu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Німецький Камерун – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецький Камерун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="کامیرون – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کامیرون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_Kamerun" title="Nemis Kamerun – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemis Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_thu%E1%BB%99c_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Cameroon thuộc Đức – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cameroon thuộc Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="德属喀麦隆 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德属喀麦隆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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[g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kamerun ya Kijerumani</b> ilikuwa <a href="/wiki/Ukoloni_wa_Ujerumani" title="Ukoloni wa Ujerumani">koloni</a> la <a href="/wiki/Dola_la_Ujerumani" title="Dola la Ujerumani">Dola la Ujerumani</a> kuanzia <a href="/wiki/Mwaka" title="Mwaka">mwaka</a> <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a> hadi <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>. <a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">Koloni</a> hilo lilijumuisha maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Jamhuri ya Kamerun</a>, pamoja na sehemu zilizopo sasa katika <a href="/wiki/Kaskazini" title="Kaskazini">kaskazini</a> mwa <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> na <a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Kongo" title="Jamhuri ya Kongo">Jamhuri ya Kongo</a>, pia sehemu za <a href="/wiki/Magharibi" title="Magharibi">magharibi</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Afrika_ya_Kati" title="Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati">Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati</a> na za <a href="/wiki/Kusini" title="Kusini">kusini</a> magharibi mwa <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> na maeneo <a href="/wiki/Mashariki" title="Mashariki">mashariki</a> mwa <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG/300px-Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG/450px-Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG/600px-Cameroon_boundary_changes.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption><b>Kamerun, 1901 – 1972:</b> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karne_ya_19">Karne ya 19</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Karne ya 19" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Karne ya 19"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utangulizi_wa_ukoloni">Utangulizi wa ukoloni</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Utangulizi wa ukoloni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Utangulizi wa ukoloni"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mnamo mwaka <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> <a href="/wiki/Kampuni" title="Kampuni">kampuni</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a> C. Woermann kutoka <a href="/wiki/Mji" title="Mji">mjini</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> ilianzisha kituo cha kwanza cha biashara katika eneo la <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Duala</a> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kwenye <a href="/wiki/Delta" title="Delta">delta</a> ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mto_Kamerun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mto Kamerun (bado haujaandikwa)">Mto Kamerun</a> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wakala" title="Wakala">Wakala</a> wa kampuni hiyo nchini <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, Johannes Thormählen, alipanua shughuli za kampuni yake akifuata mto Kamerun. Mnamo <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>, Thormählen aliungana na wakala wa Woermann huko <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, Wilhelm Jantzen. Kwa pamoja <a href="/wiki/Mfanyabiashara" title="Mfanyabiashara">wafanyabiashara</a> hao wawili walianzisha kampuni yao wenyewe, Jantzen &amp; Thormählen huko. </p><p>Kampuni hizo mbili zilipanuka na kuwa na <a href="/wiki/Usafiri" title="Usafiri">usafiri</a> kwa <a href="/wiki/Jahazi" title="Jahazi">jahazi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Meli" title="Meli">meli</a> zao zenyewe na kuzindua <a href="/wiki/Huduma" class="mw-disambig" title="Huduma">huduma</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Abiria" title="Abiria">abiria</a> na mizigo iliyoratibiwa kati ya Hamburg na Duala. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kampuni hizo na nyingine zilipatana na <a href="/wiki/Kiongozi" title="Kiongozi">watawala</a> wenyeji waliowapatia maeneo ya kujenga vituo vya biashara na pia kulima <a href="/wiki/Mazao" title="Mazao">mazao</a> ya biashara ya nje kama <a href="/wiki/Mawese" title="Mawese">mawese</a>. Walifanya biashara hiyo pamoja na kampuni za <a href="/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza">Uingereza</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsuli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsuli (bado haujaandikwa)">Konsuli</a> Mwingereza wa <a href="/wiki/Afrika_ya_Magharibi" title="Afrika ya Magharibi">Afrika Magharibi</a> alitembelea <a href="/wiki/Pwani" title="Pwani">pwani</a> ta Kamerun mara kadhaa akakubaliwa kama mwamuzi katika matatizo kati ya <a href="/wiki/Mfalme" title="Mfalme">wafalme</a> wengi wadogo wa pwani; wengine kama mfalme Bell wa Duala aliwahi kuomba <a href="/wiki/Malkia" title="Malkia">malkia</a> wa Uingereza kutangaza ulinzi juu ya nchi yake lakini <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikali</a> ya Uingereza hadi hapo ilikuwa imekataa<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mnamo mwaka <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>, Uingereza na <a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a> zilipatana kuhusu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapatano_ya_Uingereza_na_Ufaransa_kuhusu_Afrika_Magharibi_ya_1882&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapatano ya Uingereza na Ufaransa kuhusu Afrika Magharibi ya 1882 (bado haujaandikwa)">maeneo yenye maslahi zao</a> kwenye pwani ya <a href="/wiki/Kaskazini" title="Kaskazini">kaskazini</a> ya Afrika ya Magharibi. Hapo Wajerumani walishtuka kwa sababu pande zote mbili hawakuuliza kama kuna <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">mataifa</a> mengine yenye maslahi na biashara huko wakaogopa kwamba watazuiliwa kwa njia ya <a href="/wiki/Kodi" title="Kodi">kodi</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushuru (bado haujaandikwa)">ushuru</a>. </p><p>Mapatano yaliyofuata mwaka 1884 kati ya Uingereza na <a href="/wiki/Ureno" title="Ureno">Ureno</a> kuhusu pwani ya <a href="/wiki/Kongo" class="mw-disambig" title="Kongo">Kongo</a> yaliongeza <a href="/wiki/Hofu" title="Hofu">hofu</a> hizo. Kwa hiyo <a href="/wiki/Kundi" title="Kundi">kundi</a> la wafanyabiashara wa Hamburg walianza kumshawishi <a href="/wiki/Chansela_(kiongozi)" title="Chansela (kiongozi)">chansela</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a>, mkuu wa serikali, kuangalia uwezekano wa tangazo la ulinzi wa Ujerumani juu ya biashara yao. Bismarck aliwahi kusema mara nyingi kwamba hakutaka koloni kwa kuwa aliziona kama njia ya kupoteza <a href="/wiki/Pesa" title="Pesa">pesa</a>. Lakini maombi ya wafanyabiashara kulinda biashara ya Kijerumani yaliweza kumshawishi akabadilika <a href="/wiki/Siasa" title="Siasa">siasa</a> yake<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> akiamini kwamba tangazo la ulinzi juu ya maeneo ya Afrika haliwezi kusababisha <a href="/wiki/Gharama" title="Gharama">gharama</a> kama kampuni za biashara zinaendesha uhusiano na watawala wenyeji ilhali serikali yake inazuia tu nchi nyingine za <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> kuanzisha utawala hapa<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuundwa_kwa_koloni_la_Kijerumani">Kuundwa kwa koloni la Kijerumani</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Kuundwa kwa koloni la Kijerumani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kuundwa kwa koloni la Kijerumani"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wakati huohuo Waingereza waliandaa tayari mikataba na wafalme wa pwani ili wakubali ukuu wao, hasa kwa sababu waliogopa uenezaji wa Wafaransa waliokuwa maarufu kuzuia wafanyabiashara wa mataifa mengine. Lakini utume wa Bismarck uliwahi <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na tarehe 14 Julai 1884 mfalme Bell wa Duala alitia <a href="/wiki/Sahihi" title="Sahihi">sahihi</a> mkataba alipoweka nchi yake chini ya ulinzi wa Ujerumani. </p><p>Ujerumani ilipendezwa hasa na nafasi za <a href="/wiki/Kilimo" title="Kilimo">kilimo</a> wa Kamerun ikaomba kampuni kubwa kuanzisha <a href="/wiki/Shamba" title="Shamba">mashamba</a> na kuuza nje uzalishaji wake. Bismarck alifafanua vipaumbele vyake: "kwanza mfanyabiashara, kisha askari". Kampuni kubwa za biashara za Ujerumani (Woermann, Jantzen und Thoermalen) na kampuni za mashamba (Sudkamerun Gesellschaft, Nord-West Kamerun Gesellschaft) zilipatiwa maeneo makubwa katika koloni. Serikali ya koloni ilisaidia kampuni kubwa kupanua mashamba na pia biashara na maeneo ya bara, mbali na pwani. Hapo <a href="/wiki/Jeshi" title="Jeshi">jeshi</a> la serikali liliongozana na wafanyabiashara na kupiga <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vita</a> dhidi ya wenyeji ambao hawakutaka hao <a href="/wiki/Mzungu" title="Mzungu">Wazungu</a> wasikike kwao. Sehemu muhimu ya kazi ya serikali ilikuwa kutafuta <a href="/wiki/Wafanyakazi" title="Wafanyakazi">wafanyakazi</a> kwa ajili ya mashamba makubwa; mara kwa mara wenyeji walilazimishwa kwa nguvu kukubali mikataba ya kazi kwa vipindi vya miezi sita. Upinzani wa wenyeji ulivunjwa kwa nguvú ya kijeshi. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karne_ya_20">Karne ya 20</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Karne ya 20" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Karne ya 20"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uenezaji_wa_utawala">Uenezaji wa utawala</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hariri sehemu: Uenezaji wa utawala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Uenezaji wa utawala"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ujerumani polepole ilipanua koloni, ikikutana na upinzani mkali katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_ya_Bafut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vita ya Bafut (bado haujaandikwa)">Vita ya Bafut</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita_ya_Adamawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vita ya Adamawa (bado haujaandikwa)">Vita ya Adamawa</a>. Kwa jumla gharama za kuendesha serikali na jeshi zilizidi faida ya Ujerumani kutokana na koloni, lakini kampuni za biashara zilipata faida. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kwa ruzuku kutoka hazina ya kitaifa, serikali ya koloni ilijenga njia mbili za <a href="/wiki/Reli" title="Reli">reli</a> kutoka mji wa <a href="/wiki/Bandari" title="Bandari">bandari</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Duala</a>. Njia ya Kaskazini ilikuwa na <a href="/wiki/Urefu" title="Urefu">urefu</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Kilomita" title="Kilomita">kilomita</a> 160 hadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milima_ya_Manenguba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milima ya Manenguba (bado haujaandikwa)">milima ya Manenguba</a>, na njia kuu ilifika Makak kwenye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mto_Nyong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mto Nyong (bado haujaandikwa)">mto Nyong</a> kwa <a href="/wiki/Umbali" title="Umbali">umbali</a> wa kilomita 300. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mfumo wa <a href="/wiki/Posta" title="Posta">posta</a> na <a href="/wiki/Telegrafu" title="Telegrafu">telegrafu</a> na mtandao wa meli za serikali kwenye <a href="/wiki/Mto" title="Mto">mito</a> mikubwa uliunganisha pwani na maeneo ya ndani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mwisho_kwenye_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza">Mwisho kwenye Vita Kuu ya Kwanza</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Hariri sehemu: Mwisho kwenye Vita Kuu ya Kwanza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mwisho kwenye Vita Kuu ya Kwanza"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wakati wa <a href="/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia">Vita ya Kwanza ya Dunia</a>, majeshi ya <a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubelgiji" title="Ubelgiji">Ubelgiji</a> na <a href="/wiki/Britania" title="Britania">Uingereza</a> yalivamia koloni la Kijerumani mwaka <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> na kulitwaa. <a href="/wiki/Ngome" title="Ngome">Ngome</a> ya mwisho ya Wajerumani kujisalimisha ilikuwa ile iliyoko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mora (bado haujaandikwa)">Mora</a>, kaskazini mwa koloni, mnamo <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>. </p><p> Kufuatia kushindwa kwa Ujerumani, <a href="/wiki/Mkataba_wa_Versailles" title="Mkataba wa Versailles">Mkataba wa Versailles</a> uligawa eneo hilo katika <a href="/wiki/Mamlaka" title="Mamlaka">mamlaka</a> mbili za <a href="/wiki/Shirikisho_la_Mataifa" title="Shirikisho la Mataifa">Shirikisho la Mataifa</a> (kundi B) chini ya utawala wa Uingereza na Ufaransa. <a href="/wiki/Kamerun_ya_Kiingereza" title="Kamerun ya Kiingereza">Cameroon ya Kiingereza</a> na sehemu kubwa ya ile ya Kifaransa ziliungana tena mwaka wa <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> kama <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Jamhuri ya Kamerun</a>.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056,_Kamerun,_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mtafiti wa Ujerumani huko Kamerun, 1884"><img alt="Mtafiti wa Ujerumani huko Kamerun, 1884" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056%2C_Kamerun%2C_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056%2C_Kamerun%2C_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056%2C_Kamerun%2C_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056%2C_Kamerun%2C_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056%2C_Kamerun%2C_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-003056%2C_Kamerun%2C_Deutscher_Landvermesser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mtafiti wa Ujerumani huko Kamerun, 1884</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161,_Kamerun,_Duala,_Polizeitruppe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polisi huko Duala kwenye siku ya kuzaliwa ya Kaiser, 1901"><img alt="Polisi huko Duala kwenye siku ya kuzaliwa ya Kaiser, 1901" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161%2C_Kamerun%2C_Duala%2C_Polizeitruppe.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161%2C_Kamerun%2C_Duala%2C_Polizeitruppe.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161%2C_Kamerun%2C_Duala%2C_Polizeitruppe.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161%2C_Kamerun%2C_Duala%2C_Polizeitruppe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161%2C_Kamerun%2C_Duala%2C_Polizeitruppe.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-161%2C_Kamerun%2C_Duala%2C_Polizeitruppe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polisi huko <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Duala</a> kwenye siku ya kuzaliwa ya Kaiser, 1901</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473,_Kamerun,_bei_Tiko,_Bananen-Verladung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ndizi zikipakiwa kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa kwenda Ujerumani, 1912"><img alt="Ndizi zikipakiwa kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa kwenda Ujerumani, 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473%2C_Kamerun%2C_bei_Tiko%2C_Bananen-Verladung.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473%2C_Kamerun%2C_bei_Tiko%2C_Bananen-Verladung.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473%2C_Kamerun%2C_bei_Tiko%2C_Bananen-Verladung.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473%2C_Kamerun%2C_bei_Tiko%2C_Bananen-Verladung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473%2C_Kamerun%2C_bei_Tiko%2C_Bananen-Verladung.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-034473%2C_Kamerun%2C_bei_Tiko%2C_Bananen-Verladung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ndizi zikipakiwa kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa kwenda Ujerumani, 1912</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tanbihi">Tanbihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Hariri sehemu: Tanbihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Tanbihi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">present-day <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Douala</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">now the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wouri_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wouri River (bado haujaandikwa)">Wouri River</a> delta</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Washausen, <i>Hamburg und die Kolonialpolitik</i>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HARRY R. RUDIN: Germans in the Cameroons 1884-1914, a case study in modern imperialism, Yale University Press 1938, uk. 23ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Iliffe: Africans, The History of a Continent, Second Edition Cambridge 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-34916-4, uk 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudin, uk. 29f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haupt, <i>Deutschlands Schutzgebiete</i>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Deltombe, Manuel Domergue, Jacob Tatsita, KAMERUN !, La Découverte, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">By 1911 the total volume of trade reached over 50 million gold marks [Haupt, p. 64].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This line was later extended to the current Cameroon capital of <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kujisomea">Kujisomea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Hariri sehemu: Kujisomea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kujisomea"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1346650">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDeLanceyDeLancey,_Mark_D.2000" class="citation book cs1">DeLancey, Mark W.; DeLancey, Mark D. (2000). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon</i> (tol. la 3rd). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8108-3775-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8108-3775-7"><bdi>0-8108-3775-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43324271">43324271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Republic+of+Cameroon&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43324271&rft.isbn=0-8108-3775-7&rft.aulast=DeLancey&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rft.au=DeLancey%2C+Mark+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AKamerun+ya+Kijerumani" class="Z3988"></span><bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDeLanceyDeLancey,_Mark_D.2000"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Vitabu_Vyanzo/0-8108-3775-7" class="new" title="Maalum:Vitabu Vyanzo/0-8108-3775-7 (bado haujaandikwa)">0-8108-3775-7</a></cite></bdi></li> <li>Gorges, E. Howard (1923). <i>Vita Kuu katika Afrika Magharibi</i> . London: Hutchinson & Co.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFHaupt1984" class="citation book cs1">Haupt, Werner (1984). <i>Deutschlands Schutzgebiete in Übersee 1884–1918</i> [<i>Germany’s Overseas Protectorates 1884–1918</i>]. Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas Verlag. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/3-7909-0204-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/3-7909-0204-7"><bdi>3-7909-0204-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutschlands+Schutzgebiete+in+%C3%9Cbersee+1884%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Friedberg&rft.pub=Podzun-Pallas+Verlag&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=3-7909-0204-7&rft.aulast=Haupt&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AKamerun+ya+Kijerumani" class="Z3988"></span><bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHaupt1984"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Vitabu_Vyanzo/3-7909-0204-7" class="new" title="Maalum:Vitabu Vyanzo/3-7909-0204-7 (bado haujaandikwa)">3-7909-0204-7</a></cite></bdi></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann2007" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmann, Florian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Okkupation_und_Milit%C3%A4rverwaltung_in_Kam.html?id=AvzUfGua-7MC&redir_esc=y"><i>Okkupation und Militärverwaltung in Kamerun. Etablierung und Institutionalisierung des kolonialen Gewaltmonopols</i></a>. Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9783867274722" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9783867274722"><bdi>9783867274722</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Okkupation+und+Milit%C3%A4rverwaltung+in+Kamerun.+Etablierung+und+Institutionalisierung+des+kolonialen+Gewaltmonopols&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Cuvillier+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9783867274722&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FOkkupation_und_Milit%25C3%25A4rverwaltung_in_Kam.html%3Fid%3DAvzUfGua-7MC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AKamerun+ya+Kijerumani" class="Z3988"></span><bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHoffmann2007"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9783867274722" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9783867274722">9783867274722</a></cite></bdi></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404232106/http://unimaps.com/cameroon1914/index.html">"German Cameroons 1914"</a>. UniMaps. 2004. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unimaps.com/cameroon1914/index.html">chanzo</a> mnamo 4 Aprili 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+Cameroons+1914&rft.pub=UniMaps&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funimaps.com%2Fcameroon1914%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AKamerun+ya+Kijerumani" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_web" title="Kigezo:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span> Ramani ya maeneo yaliyobadilishwa kati ya Ufaransa na Ujerumani katika Mkataba wa Fez.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFSchaper2012" class="citation book cs1">Schaper, Ulrike (2012). <i>Koloniale Verhandlungen. Gerichtsbarkeit, Verwaltung und Herrschaft in Kamerun 1884-1916</i>. Frankfurt am Main 2012: Campus Verlag. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/3-593-39639-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/3-593-39639-4"><bdi>3-593-39639-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koloniale+Verhandlungen.+Gerichtsbarkeit%2C+Verwaltung+und+Herrschaft+in+Kamerun+1884-1916&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main+2012&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=3-593-39639-4&rft.aulast=Schaper&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AKamerun+ya+Kijerumani" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_book" title="Kigezo:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_location&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: location (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span><bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSchaper2012"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Vitabu_Vyanzo/3-593-39639-4" class="new" title="Maalum:Vitabu Vyanzo/3-593-39639-4 (bado haujaandikwa)">3-593-39639-4</a></cite></bdi></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWashausen1968" class="citation book cs1">Washausen, Helmut (1968). <i>Hamburg und die Kolonialpolitik des Deutschen Reiches 1880 bis 1890</i> [<i>Hamburg and Colonial Politics of the German Empire</i>]. Hamburg: Hans Christians Verlag. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/186017338">186017338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamburg+und+die+Kolonialpolitik+des+Deutschen+Reiches+1880+bis+1890.&rft.place=Hamburg&rft.pub=Hans+Christians+Verlag&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F186017338&rft.aulast=Washausen&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AKamerun+ya+Kijerumani" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.numismondo.net/pm/cmr/index1.htm">http://www.numismondo.net/pm/cmr/index1.htm</a> Benknoti za Kamerun ya Kijerumani</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&oldid=1198745">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamerun_ya_Kijerumani&oldid=1198745</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:Pages using the JsonConfig extension (bado haujaandikwa)">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_location&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: location (bado haujaandikwa)">CS1 maint: location</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Ukoloni_wa_Ujerumani" title="Jamii:Ukoloni wa Ujerumani">Ukoloni wa Ujerumani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia_ya_Kamerun" title="Jamii:Historia ya Kamerun">Historia ya Kamerun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia_ya_Gabon" title="Jamii:Historia ya Gabon">Historia ya Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia_ya_Jamhuri_ya_Kongo" title="Jamii:Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kongo">Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kongo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia_ya_Jamhuri_ya_Afrika_ya_Kati" title="Jamii:Historia ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati">Historia ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia_ya_Chad" title="Jamii:Historia ya Chad">Historia ya Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia_ya_Nigeria" title="Jamii:Historia ya Nigeria">Historia ya Nigeria</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 19 Novemba 2021, saa 12:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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