CINXE.COM
NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="js cssanimations"> <!-- vim: set ts=2 sw=2 expandtab : --> <!-- debug jtk 2020-11 a, bio --> <head> <!-- 139.177.195.201 Element 010 comment#ip --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="1410A94B8EF57EB5E09DF8429A48077F" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=65b0432b92c73d001906c92a&product=inline-share-buttons" async="async"></script> <!-- insert#seo-tags insert#author-tags 0 Element 011 012 --> <meta property="og:title" content="NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:type-check" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/7951?revision_id=32851" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.1991.jpg" /> <meta property="og:description" content="NANTON, Sir&nbsp;AUGUSTUS MEREDITH, broker, financier, capitalist, and philanthropist; b.&nbsp;7&nbsp;May 1860 in Toronto, son of Daniel Augustus Nanton, a barrister, and Mary Louisa Jarvis, daughter of William Botsford Jarvis*; m.&nbsp;first 7&nbsp;Dec. 1886 Georgina Hope Hespeler (d.&nbsp;1887), daughter of William Hespeler, in Galt, Ont., and they had one daughter; m.&nbsp;secondly 17&nbsp;Nov. 1894 Ethel Constance Clark in Winnipeg, and they had two sons and two daughters who survived infancy; d.&nbsp;24&nbsp;April 1925 in Toronto and was buried in&nbsp;Winnipeg." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@dcb_dbc" /> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@dcb_dbc" /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="twitter:description" content="NANTON, Sir&nbsp;AUGUSTUS MEREDITH, broker, financier, capitalist, and philanthropist; b.&nbsp;7&nbsp;May 1860 in Toronto, son of Daniel Augustus Nanton, a barrister, and Mary Louisa Jarvis, daughter of William Botsford Jarvis*; m.&nbsp;first 7&nbsp;Dec. 1886 Georgina Hope Hespeler (d.&nbsp;1887), daughter of William Hespeler, in Galt, Ont., and they had one daughter; m.&nbsp;secondly 17&nbsp;Nov. 1894 Ethel Constance Clark in Winnipeg, and they had two sons and two daughters who survived infancy; d.&nbsp;24&nbsp;April 1925 in Toronto and was buried in&nbsp;Winnipeg." /> <meta property="twitter:image" content="http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.1991.jpg" /> <meta name="removed-author" content="DCB/DBC Staff, John Beadle Graphic Designer" /> <!-- insert#seo-tags insert#author-tags 1 Element 011 012 --> <!-- content#html-title Element 020 --> <title>NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH – Dictionary of Canadian Biography</title> <!-- cdn versions bootstrap.min.css TO <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous"> all.css TO <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.1/css/all.css"> jquery-ui.min.css TO <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-aOG0c6nPNzGk+5zjwyJaoRUgCdOrfSDhmMID2u4+OIslr0GjpLKo7Xm0Ao3xmpM4T8AmIouRkqwj1nrdVsLKEQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> jquery-ui-2.css TO <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.13.2/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-Mvnc3gzZhD8rZtNMHJkotZpdfvAHunpqankLPnj3hXpphETXpxbfr4+oNMOzF179JYu8B8/EqruGdpsH5fNYww==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> --> <!-- BOOTSTRAP CDN --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- FONT AWESOME 5 --> <!-- link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.1/css/all.css" --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.5.1/css/all.css"> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/a5049f3fd8.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <!-- JQUERY UI --> <!-- NOT in JB bio page BUT may be needed for some pages <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-aOG0c6nPNzGk+5zjwyJaoRUgCdOrfSDhmMID2u4+OIslr0GjpLKo7Xm0Ao3xmpM4T8AmIouRkqwj1nrdVsLKEQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.13.2/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-Mvnc3gzZhD8rZtNMHJkotZpdfvAHunpqankLPnj3hXpphETXpxbfr4+oNMOzF179JYu8B8/EqruGdpsH5fNYww==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> --> <!-- PLUGINS CSS --> <!-- CDN copies of the owl and lightgallery and sharethis with <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.css"> with <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.css"> with <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lightgallery.min.css" integrity="sha512-UMUaaaRK/i2ihAzNyraiLZzT8feWBDY+lLnBnhA3+MEfQn4jaNJMGBad6nyklImf7d0Id6n/Jb0ynr7RCpyNPQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> with <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lg-transitions.min.css" integrity="sha512-TLkzsbRon8DBy6TwaafTGapb+90/t0ZsGes1jMyHKaImbAUSTaedyS8HbDQOZt3H+j1s4BFKUlWXcPBEJNtPgw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> with <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.min.css" integrity="sha512-D2vagE/4+QTyP2FukMZNoZxcO1Uqcd0SsnqczdOm+zu35XDsFDIroYXxDD0WrYbyPFKD1vUmhxaCC3kR8WBNZA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/plugin-shared.css"> --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lightgallery.min.css" integrity="sha512-UMUaaaRK/i2ihAzNyraiLZzT8feWBDY+lLnBnhA3+MEfQn4jaNJMGBad6nyklImf7d0Id6n/Jb0ynr7RCpyNPQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lg-transitions.min.css" integrity="sha512-TLkzsbRon8DBy6TwaafTGapb+90/t0ZsGes1jMyHKaImbAUSTaedyS8HbDQOZt3H+j1s4BFKUlWXcPBEJNtPgw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.min.css" integrity="sha512-D2vagE/4+QTyP2FukMZNoZxcO1Uqcd0SsnqczdOm+zu35XDsFDIroYXxDD0WrYbyPFKD1vUmhxaCC3kR8WBNZA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <!--LOCAL LINKS --> <!-- javascript_time is used extensively, Element 021 --> <!-- owl and lightgallery customization querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/plugin-shared.css?time=1729526930"> <!-- classes I need that jb did not include in base.css load before base.css so if he overrides these his code will be used--> <!-- querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/shared-base.css?time=1729526930"> <!-- base css from JB, querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/base.css?time=1729526930"> <!-- page-specific style sheet, usually the page name with .css instead of php --> <!-- href#page-css-url Element 030 --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/bio.css?time=1729526930"> <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 040 --> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/bio.v15.css?id=1719670782" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/mod_boot_0_0_css_post_1_bio.css?id=1732416185" /> <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 040 --> <!-- insert#header-post-css 0 Element 042 --> <!-- insert#header-post-css 1 Element 042 --> <style> .owl-dot { display: none; } </style> <style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards} .fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;transform:none;width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{background:none;height:auto;min-height:initial;min-width:initial;width:auto}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_spinner{width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered .fb_dialog_content{background:none}.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_close{clear:both;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:18px;padding-top:20px}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#043b87;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} .fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style><style type="text/css">.st-1 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;; direction: ltr; display: block; opacity: 1; text-align: center; z-index: 94034; } .st-1.st-animated { -moz-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; } .st-1.st-hidden { opacity: 0; } .st-1.st-hide { display: none; } .st-1 .st-btn { -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; -moz-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -moz-border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 8px; padding: 0 10px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap; } .st-1 .st-btn:last-child { margin-right: 0; } .st-1 .st-btn > svg { height: 16px; width: 16px; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; } .st-1 .st-btn > img { display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 16px; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; } .st-1 .st-btn > span { -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; color: #fff; display: inline-block; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.5px; min-width: 60px; opacity: 1; padding: 0 6px; position: relative; vertical-align: top; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn { min-width: 120px; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-remove-label { min-width: 50px; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-remove-label > span { display: none; } .st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-hide-label > span { display: none; } .st-1 .st-total { color: #555; display: inline-block; font-weight: 500; line-height: 12px; margin-right: 0; max-width: 80px; padding: 4px 8px; text-align: center; } .st-1 .st-total.st-hidden { display: none; } .st-1 .st-total > span { font-size: 16px; line-height: 17px; display: block; padding: 0; } .st-1 .st-total > span.st-shares { font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; } .st-1.st-justified { display: flex; text-align: center; } .st-1.st-justified .st-btn { -moz-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; flex: 1; } .st-1 .st-btn:hover { opacity: .8; top: -4px; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] { background-color: #4267B2; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] svg { fill: #fff; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] > span { color: #fff; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] { background-color: #55acee; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] svg { fill: #fff; } .st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] > span { color: #fff; } </style> </head> <body> <!-- WRAPPER --> <div id="bootstrap-wrapper" class="dcb-container container-fluid wrapper"> <!-- START Top nav content --> <nav id="nav_main" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-dcb navbar-fixed-top"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-mobile" id="dcb-mobile-1"> <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="dcb-hamburger-mobile"> <button id="dlabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i></button> </div><!--END DROPDOWN--> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="dcb-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <!--DROPDOWN--> <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="hamburger"> <button id="eLabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i> </button> </div><!--END DROPDOWN--> <div class="input-group" id="mobile-search"> <input id="search-2" type="text" class="dcb-search form-control" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button data-target="#search-2" class="dcb-search btn btn-default" type="button" data-brx-ls="template_go_mobile">Go</button> </span> </div><!-- /input-group --> <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 110 --> <li class=""><a href="/fr/bio/nanton_augustus_meredith_15F.html" title="Version française">Français</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News">News</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us">About Us</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe">Subscribe</a></li> <li class=""><a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate">Donate</a></li> <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 110 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <!--FACEBOOK TWITTER NAVBAR LINKS--> <li><a class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/dcb_dbc" title="Follow us on Twitter" data-brx-ls="template_follow_twitter"></a></li> <li><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/dictionaryofcanadianbiography" title="Follow us on Facebook" data-brx-ls="template_follow_facebook"></a></li> <!-- <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return showLogin();" title="Log in to My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_login">Log In</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return ajaxRegister();" title="Register for free for My DCB: you can save biographies and searches to a personal list" data-brx-ls="template_register">Register</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" onclick="return ajaxLogout();" title="Log out of My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_logout">Log out</a></li> <li><a href="/en/mydcb/" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" class="topmenu-login-yes" title="Your personal page, where you can save favourite biographies and searches" data-brx-ls="template_my_dcb">My DCB</a></li> --> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <!-- END Top nav content --> <!-- START Header content --> <div id="row-top-section" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="row-breadcrumbs"> <div id="breadcrumbs" class="col-sm-12" data-brx-ls="template_breadcrumbs">Breadcrumbs</div> </div> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode --> <div class="row reader-mode" id="row-logo"> <div class="col-sm-7" id="col-logo"> <a href="/en/" data-brx-ls="template_home" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography"><img class="responsive" alt="Dictionary of Canadian Biography" src="/img/dcb_en.svg" data-brx-ls="template_home"></a> </div> <div class="col-sm-5" id="col-search"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="search"> <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="float-right" id="tools"> <!-- start standard tools menu --> <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar"> <li><a href="/en/browse.php" title="Browse content by category" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Browse</span></a></li> <li><a href="/en/search.php" title="Use options such as Boolean operators and limiters" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Advanced Search</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="“Reader mode” hides everything but the navigation bar and the footer. To return to regular mode, click on "Exit reader mode" at top left." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Reader Mode</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Printer-friendly" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Printer-friendly</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end standard tools menu --> </div><!-- #tools --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> </div><!-- #col-search --> </div><!-- #row-logo --> </div><!-- #row-top-section --> <!-- END Header content --> <!-- Element 111 112 113 --> <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/announcements.php"> </div> <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mobile-logo"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!-- Element 114 115 --> <a href="/en/"><img src="/img/dcb_en_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump"> <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 --> <p><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="jump-first-paragraph" alt="Click here to go directly to the biography text">Jump to the biography</a></p> <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 --> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar"> <div id="sidebar-inner"> <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input> <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 --> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 --> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/bio/nanton_augustus_meredith_15F.html" title="Version française"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Français</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/" title="Home"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Home</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">News</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">About Us</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Donate</button></a> </div> </div> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <!-- sidebar-inner --> <!-- nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page. --> <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Outline">Outline</a> <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format format parameter may be all, start, end, li Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul> start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul li -> just li0...liN --> <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#first" title="First paragraph">First paragraph</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#second" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#image-gallery" title="Images">Images</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#citations" title="How to cite">How to cite</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 --> <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!-- END nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> --> <section style="display:none;"> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 --> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 --> </section> <!-- </nav> --> <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB --> <!-- nav THEMES --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Related Themes">Related Themes</a> <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special/22?p=12" title="The First World War">The First World War</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Related Topics">Related Topics</a> <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a target="_blank" href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1524" title="Canadian support for Britain in the First World War">Canadian support for Britain in the First World War</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a target="_blank" href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1535" title="Home front during the First World War">Home front during the First World War</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a target="_blank" href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=2177" title="Hudson’s Bay Company">Hudson’s Bay Company</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a target="_blank" href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1490" title="Winnipeg General Strike (1919)">Winnipeg General Strike (1919)</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="">Related Biographies</a> <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/galt_elliott_torrance_15E.html" title="GALT, ELLIOTT TORRANCE">GALT, ELLIOTT TORRANCE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/hespeler_william_15E.html" title="HESPELER, WILLIAM (Wilhelm)">HESPELER, WILLIAM (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/osler_edmund_boyd_15E.html" title="OSLER, Sir EDMUND BOYD">OSLER, Sir EDMUND BOYD</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/brock_jeffry_hall_14E.html" title="BROCK, JEFFRY HALL">BROCK, JEFFRY HALL</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/hendrie_william_13E.html" title="HENDRIE, WILLIAM">HENDRIE, WILLIAM</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/jarvis_william_botsford_9E.html" title="JARVIS, WILLIAM BOTSFORD">JARVIS, WILLIAM BOTSFORD</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/macbeth_roderick_george_16E.html" title="MacBETH, RODERICK GEORGE">MacBETH, RODERICK GEORGE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/ross_james_1848_1913_14E.html" title="ROSS, JAMES (1848-1913)">ROSS, JAMES (1848-1913)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-command show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Show more items" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">more</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/sherman_frank_henry_13E.html" title="SHERMAN, FRANK HENRY">SHERMAN, FRANK HENRY</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/smith_donald_alexander_14E.html" title="SMITH, DONALD ALEXANDER, 1st Baron STRATHCONA and MOUNT ROYAL">SMITH, DONALD ALEXANDER, 1st Baron STRATHCONA and MOUNT ROYAL</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/sokolowiski_mike_14E.html" title="SOKOLOWISKI (Sokolowski), MIKE">SOKOLOWISKI (Sokolowski), MIKE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/whyte_william_14E.html" title="WHYTE, Sir WILLIAM">WHYTE, Sir WILLIAM</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/willison_john_stephen_15E.html" title="WILLISON, Sir JOHN STEPHEN">WILLISON, Sir JOHN STEPHEN</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/brett_robert_george_15E.html" title="BRETT, ROBERT GEORGE">BRETT, ROBERT GEORGE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/crowe_george_reading_15E.html" title="CROWE, GEORGE READING">CROWE, GEORGE READING</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/galt_george_frederick_15E.html" title="GALT, GEORGE FREDERICK">GALT, GEORGE FREDERICK</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/mclean_archibald_james_16E.html" title="McLEAN, ARCHIBALD JAMES">McLEAN, ARCHIBALD JAMES</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/sullivan_john_godfrey_16E.html" title="SULLIVAN, JOHN GODFREY">SULLIVAN, JOHN GODFREY</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Show fewer items" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">Less</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav THEMES --> <!-- nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="View the previous version of this text">Publication History</a> <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><div title="Published:: 2005">Published: 2005</div></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- nav metadata --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-identifiers-description content#metadata-identifiers-caption Element 181 182 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Occupations and Other Identifiers">Occupations and Other Identifiers</a> <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 180 --> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 0 Element 180 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=identifier&term1=34" title="Identifier -- Business">Business</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=identifier&term1=51" title="Identifier -- Philanthropists and Social Reformers">Philanthropists and Social Reformers</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 1 Element 180 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Region of Birth">Region of Birth</a> <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=birth&term1=21&term2=121&term3=397&term4=487" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Ontario -- Centre">North America – Canada – Ontario – Centre</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Region of Activities">Region of Activities</a> <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=career&term1=21&term2=121&term3=392" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Manitoba">North America – Canada – Manitoba</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=career&term1=21&term2=121&term3=397&term4=487" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Ontario -- Centre">North America – Canada – Ontario – Centre</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav metadata --> <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-1"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- nav RED --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/new_biographies.html" title="New Biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">New Biographies</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/updated_biographies.html" title="Minor Corrections" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Minor Corrections</a></li> <li role="presentation"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Read the story of a subject who died or was born on this day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biography of the Day</a> <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/botd.php"> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--feed-item-sidebar--> <div class="see-all"> <strong><a href="/en/bio_of_the_day.html" class="see-all" title="See all previous entries for Biography of the Day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">See previous</a></strong> </div><!--see-all--> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay --> </li> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Significant themes in Canadian history and guides for educators">Themes, Essays, and Guides</a> <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 --> <ul class="list-group"> <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 --> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_confederation.html" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_first_world_war.html" title="The First World War">The First World War</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_femmes.html" title="Women in the DCB/DBC">Women in the DCB/DBC</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_sports.html" title="Sports">Sports</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_acadians_c19.html" title="The Acadians">The Acadians</a></li> <!-- insert#special-project-items 1 Element 210 --> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="see-all"> <a href="/en/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="See all Themes, Essays, and Guides" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">See complete list</a> </div> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </ul> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelSpecialProjects --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav RED--> <!-- nav SOCIAL 2 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-2"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 --> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /#sidebar --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area"> <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 0 Element 240 used by non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 1 Element 240 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio"> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 0 Element 250 --> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 1 Element 250 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="" id="first" class="bio"> <!-- Element 260 family --> <div style="" class="pull-left inset-area" id="bio-primary-image"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div id="bio-main-image" class="image-container left w600"> <!-- src#primary_image_href alt#primary_alt title#primary_description element 260 261 262 --> <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/w600.1991.jpg" alt="Original title: Description English: Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) Date 20 April 2012 Source Library of Congress Author Creator(s): Bain News Service, publisher Date Created/Published: [no date recorded on caption card] Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-37681 (digital file from original negative) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. Call Number: LC-B2- 6280-14 [P&P] Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print " title=" Description English: Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) Date 20 April 2012 Source Library of Congress Author Creator(s): Bain News Service, publisher Date Created/Published: [no date recorded on caption card] Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-37681 (digital file from original negative) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. Call Number: LC-B2- 6280-14 [P&P] Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print "></a> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 0 element 263 --> <p>Source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Augustus_Meredith_Nanton_(1860-1925).jpg" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: Description English: Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) Date 20 April 2012 Source Library of Congress Author Creator(s): Bain News Service, publisher Date Created/Published: [no date recorded on caption card] Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-37681 (digital file from original negative) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. Call Number: LC-B2- 6280-14 [P&P] Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print " target="_blank">Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons</a></p> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 1 element 263 --> </div> </div> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 0 element 270 --> <p id="paragraph_307993" class="FirstParagraph"><strong><span class="NotReallyBold">NANTON</span><span class="NotReallyBold">,</span> <span class="NotReallyBold">Sir </span><span class="NotReallyBold">AUGUSTUS</span> <span class="NotReallyBold">MEREDITH</span></strong>, broker, financier, capitalist, and philanthropist; b. 7 May 1860 in Toronto, son of Daniel Augustus Nanton, a barrister, and Mary Louisa Jarvis, daughter of William Botsford <a href="/en/bio/jarvis_william_botsford_9E.html" hreflang="en">Jarvis*</a>; m. first 7 Dec. 1886 Georgina Hope Hespeler (d. 1887), daughter of William <a href="/en/bio/hespeler_william_15E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Hespeler,</span></a> in Galt, Ont., and they had one daughter; m. secondly 17 Nov. 1894 Ethel Constance Clark in Winnipeg, and they had two sons and two daughters who survived infancy; d. 24 April 1925 in Toronto and was buried in Winnipeg.</p> <p id="paragraph_307994" class="NormalParagraph">The death of his alcoholic father forced 13-year-old Augustus Nanton to leave the Toronto Model School to help support his mother and younger brother and sisters. His first position was as an office boy in a real estate firm. Two years later, in 1875, through the influence of an uncle, he obtained a junior clerical position at $300 a year in Edmund Boyd <a href="/en/bio/osler_edmund_boyd_15E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Osler</span></a>’s brokerage firm, Pellatt and Osler. Around 1881 Osler appointed him to look after the accounts of the Aberdeen-based North of Scotland Canadian Mortgage Company Limited, which the firm represented.</p> <p id="paragraph_98958" class="NormalParagraph">In 1882 Osler broke with his partner, Henry Pellatt, and founded, with Herbert Carlyle Hammond, secretary of the Bank of Hamilton, the firm Osler and Hammond. Osler retained the agency of the North of Scotland and kept Nanton with him as its secretary. The following year the partners sent Nanton to Winnipeg on behalf of the Aberdeen company to report on investment opportunities in farm mortgages in the northwest. Nanton’s shrewd mind intuitively grasped the opportunities offered by the region to create untold wealth and to further his own ambitions. In 1884 he returned to open a Winnipeg office as a junior partner in the Toronto firm’s western branch. Through the agency of Osler, Hammond, and Nanton, the North of Scotland was one of the first companies in the northwest to finance first mortgages, or purchase municipal and school debentures, to any significant extent. Nanton tirelessly promoted the Scottish business and by the end of the first year made £28,629 worth of loans; ten years later capital investment had risen to £315,664 under his management.</p> <p id="paragraph_263338" class="NormalParagraph">Nanton’s business in mortgages and debentures was closely bound up with the sale of farm lands and town lots and the encouragement of immigration. From the start Osler, Hammond, and Nanton was the selling agent for the Ontario and Qu’Appelle Land Company Limited and the Canadian Pacific Railway’s land-grant bonds. In 1885 the firm undertook the purchase and sale of land scrip but Nanton refused to deal with speculators, saying, “I do not want to buy scrip from dealers and scalpers who rob the half-breeds, but I will buy direct from the Owners at a good price.” The firm eventually accumulated the largest scrip account in government records. In the 1880s as well Nanton became involved in the Manitoba Cartage and Warehousing Company, one of the early important businesses in Winnipeg and western Canada. Elected a director within a few years of his arrival there, he became president in June 1891.</p> <p id="paragraph_263339" class="NormalParagraph">About 1890, through Osler’s involvement in the financial organization of the Qu’Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Company and the Calgary and Edmonton Railway [see James <a href="/en/bio/ross_james_1848_1913_14E.html" hreflang="en">Ross*</a>], Nanton had undertaken responsibility for the promotion and coordination of immigration to and settlement of the lands of these important colonization railways. That same year he became general agent for Elliott Torrance <a href="/en/bio/galt_elliott_torrance_15E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Galt</span></a>’s Alberta Railway and Coal Company of Lethbridge. The following year he established a coal department to wholesale Galt’s bituminous coal. Later he introduced different varieties of American and Canadian coal. When Galt amalgamated the AR&CC with his other companies under one roof in 1904 as the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company, Osler, Hammond, and Nanton proceeded to purchase all the available shares; in June of the following year Nanton became the ARIC’s managing director. His growing prominence in a variety of business activities had been recognized in 1898 when he was elected president of the Winnipeg Board of Trade. That same year he became a director of the Great-West Life Assurance Company [<em>see </em>Jeffry Hall <a href="/en/bio/brock_jeffry_hall_14E.html" hreflang="en">Brock*</a>]. The following January he was made a director of the Winnipeg Electric Street Railway Company (later known as the Winnipeg Electric Railway Company) and appointed to its three-man executive committee.</p> <p id="paragraph_307995" class="NormalParagraph">In 1900 Nanton and several other businessmen, including William <a href="/en/bio/hendrie_william_13E.html" hreflang="en">Hendrie*</a>, incorporated the Winnipeg Western Land Corporation Limited, which owned land along the line of the Manitoba and North-Western Railway near the Yorkton and Beaver Hills districts (Sask.). The firm also owned considerable acreage in Manitoba’s fertile parklands and for many years Nanton was the company’s land commissioner in the province. In 1908 he became president of the Canada Saskatchewan Land Company, which had 400,000 acres for sale in Saskatchewan.</p> <p id="paragraph_307996" class="NormalParagraph">To protect Osler, Hammond, and Nanton’s considerable investment in mortgages, Nanton had entered the field of fire insurance in 1899. This new departure provided the basis for later expansion into all classes of insurance, excepting life. Next he established a stocks department and a bonds department. In 1903 he became one of the founders of the Winnipeg Stock Exchange, of which he was the first president. It was not until February 1909, however, that formal trading commenced. Since the demand for first mortgages eventually exceeded the North of Scotland’s financial resources, Osler, Hammond, and Nanton expanded its agency to include several other loan companies. With increasing amounts of private investment capital coming into the firm from clients in Great Britain and central Canada, Osler and Nanton (Hammond had died in 1909), along with the firm’s barrister and two junior Winnipeg partners who had joined the firm in 1908, incorporated the Osler and Nanton Trust Company in 1911.</p> <p id="paragraph_307997" class="NormalParagraph">Through his intimate business association with Osler, who in 1901 had become president of the Dominion Bank, Nanton had been appointed one of the bank’s directors in 1907. He became a vice-president in 1919 and on Osler’s death in August 1924 he succeeded to the presidency. In 1910 Nanton had been appointed vice-president of the Great-West Life Assurance Company. It was his appointment in 1912 as secretary to the Canadian advisory committee of the Hudson’s Bay Company, however, that clinched his reputation as a dominant figure on the national financial stage. The services of this local committee, composed of a small but select group of mainly western businessman, were initially of a limited scope. Later the London committee of the HBC granted the committee extended authority as its Canadian representative and renamed it simply the Canadian committee to reflect its newly acquired powers. In 1914 Nanton was elected to fill the vacancy on the London committee of the HBC left by the death of Lord Strathcona [<a href="/en/bio/smith_donald_alexander_14E.html" hreflang="en">Smith*</a>]. With the death in that same year of Sir William <a href="/en/bio/whyte_william_14E.html" hreflang="en">Whyte*</a>, a former vice-president of the CPR, whom he had long advised, Nanton assumed Whyte’s vacant chairmanship of the HBC’s Canadian committee, as well as his place on the CPR’s board of directors. Four years later he was appointed to the executive of the CPR’s board.</p> <p id="paragraph_307998" class="NormalParagraph">The vigour and intelligence that Nanton exhibited in his business pursuits carried over into his enthusiastic support for the Canadian war effort in defence of the empire and British tradition. With the outbreak of World War I, he joined the national executive of the Canadian Patriotic Fund at the invitation of the governor general, the Duke of Connaught [<a title="This biography is not yet published" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return showNotPublished();" hreflang="en">Arthur*</a>]. The organization raised and administered funds for the support of needy dependants of servicemen. He was also president of the Manitoba Patriotic Fund, the only provincial organization to remain independent of the national body. His leadership was a key factor in its success. The money collected and distributed by the Manitoba organization was the largest per capita in the country. Nanton himself generously contributed $1,000 a month. He derived his deepest satisfaction, however, as chairman of the provincial approval committee whose primary purpose was to encourage young men to enlist through assurances that their dependants would be provided for during their absence. The committee did “more towards recruiting . . . than anything else,” said Nanton with the profound conviction of one who felt that he was directly participating in the management of what he described as “this most righteous war.” For his remarkable contribution he was made a knight bachelor on 13 June 1917. The same skilful management he had shown in this organization led to his appointment as a member of the first board of governors of the University of Manitoba when that body was created the preceding month.</p> <p id="paragraph_98965" class="NormalParagraph">During the Victory Loan campaigns of 1917, 1918, and 1919, Nanton figured prominently in the mobilization of the country’s financial resources. He served on the executive of the Victory Loan Committee of Canada and was chairman of the Manitoba general committee. As the only westerner on the national executive, he helped to organize bond-selling committees in Saskatchewan and Alberta based on the Manitoba organization. The appeal for funds imposed, in his view, an “imperative claim upon every patriotic citizen,” and anyone who did not subscribe “ceases to be a good citizen of the Empire.” Nanton himself purchased $250,000 worth of bonds in each of the first two campaigns. Systematic canvassing in the prairie provinces raised the astonishing sum of over $246,000,000 in the three campaigns, while Manitoba alone subscribed to $118,000,000. Nanton’s biographer, Roderick George <a href="/en/bio/macbeth_roderick_george_16E.html" hreflang="en">MacBeth*</a>, observes that thanks to Nanton’s stewardship, westerners “became lenders for the first time in their history.”</p> <p id="paragraph_307999" class="NormalParagraph">After the signing of the armistice in November 1918, the threat of a general strike which had been brandished in the summer of 1917 became a reality the following spring. Nanton viewed the Winnipeg General Strike [<em>see </em>Mike <a href="/en/bio/sokolowiski_mike_14E.html" hreflang="en">Sokolowiski*</a>] as an act of treason and became an influential member of the Citizens’ Committee of One Thousand, composed of businessmen who opposed the strike and sought to maintain essential services. His antagonism towards collective bargaining and industrial unionism, fuelled by a vigorous nativist sentiment, went back to 1906 and the violent strike by the workers at the Winnipeg Electric Railway Company and the particularly long and bitter miners’ strike at the Galt collieries in Lethbridge [<em>see </em>Frank Henry <a href="/en/bio/sherman_frank_henry_13E.html" hreflang="en">Sherman*</a>], in which Nanton, as managing director of the ARIC, had been closely involved.</p> <p id="paragraph_308000" class="NormalParagraph">Elected president of the Winnipeg Electric Railway Company in 1919, Nanton anxiously sought to get on with the industrial development of Winnipeg. The company’s power project at Great Falls had been suspended in 1916 because of the war. Work resumed in May 1919, but was soon halted because of a shortage of materials and tight money. Construction started again in 1920, when the Manitoba Power Company, organized as a subsidiary of the Winnipeg Electric Railway Company with Nanton as president, took over completion of the generating station. Nationally, Nanton focused his patriotic zeal on the promotion of Canada’s industrial and agricultural interests as a member of the executive of the Canadian Reconstruction Association founded in 1918 [<em>see </em>Sir John Stephen <a href="/en/bio/willison_john_stephen_15E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Willison]</span></a>.</p> <p id="paragraph_308001" class="NormalParagraph">Austere and patrician in manner, Nanton was a natural aristocrat who, even before the turn of the century, had accumulated considerable wealth. His sumptuous Winnipeg estate, Kilmorie, conspicuously expressed his commanding position in the community. From junior clerk, Nanton had proved his mettle in one undertaking after another. He eventually became associated with an impressive array of prosperous enterprises in an advisory or active capacity. On the death of Osler, the senior partner, in 1924 Nanton stepped into his shoes as executive head of the firm Osler, Hammond, and Nanton. He owed much to this trusted friend and counsellor, who had taken him under his wing and guided him like a father in the early stages of his career. Between Nanton and Osler there existed a close relationship born of deep respect and admiration that stood, “without a single misunderstanding or dispute,” for 40 years. Faced with an important decision, Nanton would always examine the matter from the deeply conservative instincts inherited from his mentor.</p> <p id="paragraph_98969" class="NormalParagraph">Nanton was, above all, a nation builder who aimed to develop the northwest from a region dependent upon central Canada and Great Britain for immigration and development capital to one capable of generating its own wealth. The wider aspirations of his expansionist vision embraced a stable and civilized life stretching across the prairies through the development of town-sites to serve as centres of rural economic life. Winnipeg would become a manufacturing and distribution centre, as well as an important source of capital within the expanding nation. Nanton’s sudden death eight months after he assumed the presidency of the Dominion Bank saw the passing of one who had helped lay the foundation of sound financial organization for the development of western Canada.</p> <p class="AuthorParagraph"><a href="/en/contrib/15"><span class="SmallCaps">Peter Hanlon</span></a></p> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 1 element 270 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="" id="second" class="biblio"> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 0 280 --> <p id="paragraph_308002" class="BibliographyFirstParagraph">ACC, Diocese of Rupert’s Land Arch. (Winnipeg), DRL-84-111, RBMB; 112, RBMB; 129, RBMB. Man., Dept. of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, Corporations branch (Winnipeg), Partnership agreements, file no.580, 30<em> </em>Sept. 1884; index no.83w, 25<em> </em>June 1902. PAM, GR 1418, G-1-7-3, MH0035, book 1; MG<em> </em>14, C85; P<em> </em>483. Private arch., David Nanton (Vancouver), Paul Nanton, “Prairie explosion: setting the pace for Canada” (typescript, 1991). Trinity Anglican Church (Cambridge, Ont.), RBMB, 1874-88: f.204, no.81. Univ. of Aberdeen Library, Dept. of Special Coll. and Arch. (Aberdeen, Scot.), <span class="SmallCaps">ms</span> 3211/1-84 (North of Scotland Canadian Mortgage Company Limited), Ledgers, nos.2–3; Minutes. <em>Manitoba Free Press</em>, 1<em> </em>May, 1<em> </em>July 1884; 20<em> </em>Feb. 1885; 2–3<em> </em>Feb. 1909; 12<em> </em>May 1914; 4<em> </em>June, 8, 17, 26<em> </em>Nov. 1917; 8, 14<em> </em>Nov. 1918; 28<em> </em>Oct. 1919; 13<em> </em>Aug. 1924. <em>Monetary Times</em> (Toronto), 25 July 1919. <em>Winnipeg Telegram</em>, 29 Jan. 1910, 13 Feb. 1919. <em>Winnipeg Tribune</em>, 26 Feb. 1930. <em>Canadian annual rev. </em>(Hopkins), 1919. <em>The Canadian Patriotic Fund: a record of its activities from 1914 to 1919</em>, comp. and ed. P. H. Morris ([Ottawa, 1920?]). <em>London Gazette</em>, 8 Aug. 1917. R. G. Macbeth, <em>Sir</em> <em>Augustus Meredith Nanton: a biography</em> (Toronto, 1931). <em>Newspaper reference book</em>. E. B. Osler, <em>Osler, Hammond & Nanton Limited: commemorating 65</em><em> </em><em>years of business development in a growing nation</em> (Winnipeg, [1948]). A. A. den Otter, <em>Civilizing the west: the Galts and the development of western Canada</em> (Edmonton, 1982). Osler, Hammond & Nanton, <em>New homes, free farms in Alberta and Saskatchewan, western Canada</em> ([Winnipeg, 189?]); <em>The Qu’Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Co. has 1,000,000 acres of odd numbered sections </em><em>. . .</em> (Winnipeg, [1891?]).</p> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 1 280 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 0 element 290 --> <div id="general_biblio" class="col-xs-12 GeneralBibliography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/en/biblio/15" onclick="return true;" title="General Bibliography">General Bibliography</a></div> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 1 --> <!-- insert#copyright 0 element 300 --> <div id="copyright" class="col-xs-12 CopyrightBiography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/en/notices.php" onclick="return true;" title="© 2005–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval">© 2005–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval</a></div> <!-- insert#copyright 0 --> </section> <!--END BIBLIOGRAPHY--> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content"> <div class="row"> </div> <!-- .row --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="" id="content-image-gallery" class="row"> <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white"> <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Image Gallery</h2> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles startControl --> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- LIGHTBOX CAPTIONS --> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 0 element 310 --> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption1" style="display:none"> <h4> Description English: Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) Date 20 April 2012 Source Library of Congress Author Creator(s): Bain News Service, publisher Date Created/Published: [no date recorded on caption card] Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-37681 (digital file from original negative) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. Call Number: LC-B2- 6280-14 [P&P] Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print </h4> <p>Source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Augustus_Meredith_Nanton_(1860-1925).jpg" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: Description English: Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) Date 20 April 2012 Source Library of Congress Author Creator(s): Bain News Service, publisher Date Created/Published: [no date recorded on caption card] Medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-37681 (digital file from original negative) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. Call Number: LC-B2- 6280-14 [P&P] Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print " target="_blank">Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption2" style="display:none"> <h4> Description English: Kilmorie, Winnipeg. Home of Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton Date 19 April 2012 Source Manitoba Historical Society Author Paul Nanton </h4> <p>Source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kilmorie,_Winnipeg.jpg" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: Description English: Kilmorie, Winnipeg. Home of Sir Augustus Meredith Nanton Date 19 April 2012 Source Manitoba Historical Society Author Paul Nanton " target="_blank">Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption3" style="display:none"> <h4> Description English: Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) of Kilmorie, Winnipeg Date 19 April 2012 Source Manitoba Historical Society Author Paul Nanton (1904-1992) </h4> <p>Source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augustus_Meredith_Nanton.jpg" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: Description English: Augustus Meredith Nanton (1860-1925) of Kilmorie, Winnipeg Date 19 April 2012 Source Manitoba Historical Society Author Paul Nanton (1904-1992) " target="_blank">Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 1 element 310 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- LIGHTBOX DATA --> <!--CAPTIONS METHODS--> <div class="demo-gallery"> <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row"> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 0 element 311 --> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.1991.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption1"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.1991.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.1990.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption2"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.1990.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.1989.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption3"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.1989.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 1 element 311 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </ul> </div><!-- demo-gallery --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles endControl --> </div> </div><!-- .row --> <div class="row"> <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12"> <!-- insert#bio-citation 0 Element 320 --> <!-- START bbb ContentCitation --> <h3>Cite This Article</h3><p>Peter Hanlon, “NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH,” in <em>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</em>, vol. 15, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed <span class="today-mdy">November 23, 2024</span>, <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/nanton_augustus_meredith_15E.html</span>. <h4> The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the <em>Chicago manual of style</em> (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:</h4> <br /> <table cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>Permalink: </strong></td> <td> <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/nanton_augustus_meredith_15E.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Author of Article: </strong></td> <td> Peter Hanlon</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Title of Article: </strong></td> <td> NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Publication Name: </strong></td> <td> <em>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</em>, vol. 15</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Publisher: </strong></td> <td> University of Toronto/Université Laval</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Year of publication: </strong></td> <td> 2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Year of revision: </strong></td> <td> 2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Access Date: </strong></td> <td> <span class="today-mdy">November 23, 2024</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </p> <!-- END ContentCitation --> <!-- insert#bio-citation 1 Element 320 --> </div> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--END bottom-content --> </div><!-- /#content-area --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </div> <!-- row->mainrow --> <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Return to Top of Page"></a> </div><!-- /#bootstrap-wrapper --> <!-- insert#footer 0 Element 400 --> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="col-md-8 ut_laval"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/uoft3.svg"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www2.ulaval.ca/en/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg"></a> </div> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="col-md-4 cmh"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.historymuseum.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/cmh-logo.svg"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-left"> We acknowledge the financial support of the Canadian Museum of History through the Online Works of Reference Program funded by the Government of Canada. </div> <div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-right"> Nous reconnaissons l'aide financière du Musée canadien de l'histoire à travers les œuvres du programme de référence en ligne financés par le gouvernement du Canada. </div> </div> </div> <!--FEBRUARY 7 2024 --> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="row chc-full"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.canada.ca/home.html"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/govCan.svg"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12"> <p>We acknowledge the support of the Government of Canada.</p> <hr class="chc-full"> <p>Nous reconnaissons l’appui du gouvernement du Canada.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--END FEBRUARY 7 2024 --> </div><!--END ROW--> <article id="involved"> <div class="col-md-12"> <p><span>© 2003-2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval</span></p> <p><a href="/en/contact_us_corrections.php" title="Suggest corrections or additions">Suggest corrections or additions</a></p> <p><a href="/en/notices.html" title="Terms governing use of website and the collection and use of personal information">Important Notices</a></p> <p><a href="/en/links.php" title="Links to related sites">Websites of Interest</a></p> </div> </article> </div> </footer> <!-- insert#footer 1 Element 400 --> <!-- was includes/login.php --> <div id="login-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="forgot-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="forgot-user-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="register-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="contact-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="choose-language" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <div id="change-holder" class="dcb-dialog"> </div> <!-- was includes/msgbox.php --> <div style="display:none;" class="msgbox" id="msgbox"> <div class="text"> </div> <div class="twobuttons" id="msgbox_buttons"> <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a> <a class="cancel" href="javascript:void(0)">Cancel</a> </div> <div class="onebutton" id="msgbox_buttons_one"> <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a> </div> </div> <!-- <div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span>Exit reader mode</div> --> <div id="reader-mode-exit"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit" data-brx-ls="template_reader" title="Exit reader mode">Exit reader mode</button> </div> <!-- insert#show-keys 0 Element 500 --> <!-- insert#show-keys 1 Element 500 --> <!-- Compiled and minified JavaScript for jquery, jquery-ui and bootstrap js load order: jquery.min.js, jquery-ui.js, bootstrap.min.js with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-jGsMH83oKe9asCpkOVkBnUrDDTp8wl+adkB2D+//JtlxO4SrLoJdhbOysIFQJloQFD+C4Fl1rMsQZF76JjV0eQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" integrity="sha512-uto9mlQzrs59VwILcLiRYeLKPPbS/bT71da/OEBYEwcdNUk8jYIy+D176RYoop1Da+f9mvkYrmj5MCLZWEtQuA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-easing/1.3/jquery.easing.min.js" integrity="sha512-ahmSZKApTDNd3gVuqL5TQ3MBTj8tL5p2tYV05Xxzcfu6/ecvt1A0j6tfudSGBVuteSoTRMqMljbfdU0g2eDNUA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> replace bootstrap.min.js with <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-jGsMH83oKe9asCpkOVkBnUrDDTp8wl+adkB2D+//JtlxO4SrLoJdhbOysIFQJloQFD+C4Fl1rMsQZF76JjV0eQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" integrity="sha512-uto9mlQzrs59VwILcLiRYeLKPPbS/bT71da/OEBYEwcdNUk8jYIy+D176RYoop1Da+f9mvkYrmj5MCLZWEtQuA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-easing/1.3/jquery.easing.min.js" integrity="sha512-ahmSZKApTDNd3gVuqL5TQ3MBTj8tL5p2tYV05Xxzcfu6/ecvt1A0j6tfudSGBVuteSoTRMqMljbfdU0g2eDNUA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <!-- todo what is this <iframe id="pxcelframe" style="display: none;" src="t_.html"></iframe> <script async="" src="/js/5e1c80aec17cd7001217700d.js"></script> <script id="facebook-jssdk" src="/js/all_002.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/all.js"></script> --> <!-- add base javascript. required for all or most --> <!-- querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/js_strings.js?time=1729526930"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/modernizr-3.6.js?time=1729526930"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/shared-base.js?time=1729526930"></script> <!-- for all: jquery 3.3.7 --> <!-- why jtk-2020-01-a <iframe id="pxcelframe" style="display: none;" src="t_.html"> </iframe> --> <!-- todo update google code --> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-25429501-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch (err) { } </script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async="None" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HJG3WCKTF7"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-HJG3WCKTF7'); </script> <script charset="utf-8" src="/js/button.js"></script> <!-- <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> --> <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <!-- todo update facebook code --> <style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards} .fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;transform:none;width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{background:none;height:auto;min-height:initial;min-width:initial;width:auto}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_spinner{width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered .fb_dialog_content{background:none}.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_close{clear:both;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:18px;padding-top:20px}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#1d3c78;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} .fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style> <!-- SHARE THIS--> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.js" integrity="sha512-YQH3AWzoNd5UBgAzelMJ0L74JzsE1RfD7zrTDfveB5Xm5j9PBCU+Q2tD4RavX2iVVAt4iJ/gi1mSRCbX/X55pw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/email.min.js" integrity="sha512-4+h27jVJhdlqWwk0hvKQX2Ow5TYcyRWaYwj5hhDem63JbmslVJHqJu29zQN/ZRM/Dbg4qi9nbbx6wRwmf/S2Yw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/facebook.min.js" integrity="sha512-Wh1ZDYa/KLkn2iK8a0D4FoZSqXbw1bRFCPjVs490MpcMFs1zHtMQMpqBVAqheGpRFLcGEMy/jnFmFx+6rbGJzw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/twitter.min.js" integrity="sha512-p0d6Rkeb1XLqCBlKVz7aF+UQNu4tGmAxT5NjJPYasGU8KmXvL8iEd8j/cvuJbqYK3HnVJqmf4ulWZvLx+2a4Fw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- insert#share-this-link 0 element 044 (moved from header) --> <!-- insert#share-this-link 1 element 044 (moved from header) --> <!-- src#page_script_src, page-specific script. Element 031 (moved from header to here) --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/bio.js?time=1729526930"></script> <!-- #insert#page-scripts 0 Element 041 (moved from header to here) --> <script type="text/javascript"> var m_languageId = '1'; var m_title = "NANTON, Sir AUGUSTUS MEREDITH"; var m_url_pch = 'http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1266037002102/1265993639778'; var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/'; var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/en/'; var m_loggedIn = ''; // BasePublicHelper variables var m_pageId = 'public_bio-7951-32851'; var m_pageIdIsUnique = '1'; // BioHelper variables var m_biography_id = '7951'; var m_revision_id = '32851'; var m_volume_id = '15'; var m_volume_name = 'Volume XV (1921-1930)'; var m_publicationYear = '2005'; var m_revisionYear = '2005'; var m_print = false; $(document).ready(function() { // here:getJavascriptOnReady renderBreadcrumbs(); }); </script> <!-- #insert#page-scripts 1 Element 041 --> <script> var affixSettings = { offset: { top: 100, bottom: function() { return (this.bottom = $('.footer').outerHeight(true)) } } }; $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings); </script> <!--LIGHT GALLERY --> <script src="/js/prettify.js"></script> <!-- replaced <script src="/js/picturefill.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> recent <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/3.0.3/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-Nh/FthCqOFq56kGp1DsNb6GKK29iIv2ZJc7Fylln1WRrWpeE5LjSBWeAp61dkBASDxZT12aL9mZyIrhsAqgRpw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- missing jtk-2020-01-a <script src="/js/video.js?id=1001"></script> --> <script src="/js/transition.js"></script> <!-- if link is replace locally on update. restore it to: with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- replace <script src="/js/lg-fullscreen.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- replace <script src="/js/lg-autoplay.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- insert#header-post-js 0 Element 043 --> <!-- insert#header-post-js 1 Element 043 --> <!-- replace <script src="/js/demos.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with nothing but if it turns out to be required with --> <!--BACK TO TOP --> <!-- <div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span><?=$reader_caption?></div> --> <!-- Element 510 --> <div id="reader-mode-exit"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit">Exit reader mode</button></div> <!--AFFIX--> </body> </html>