CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8eb5bfd11b9d3f4b',cH: 'a2hrsADFIoCUBSiBgO8VKepKDl.mSMug.Hu4ddcnSaY-1733084126-1.2.1.1-.zpmQ5SzoOBTon8SLlmOcwNxAVNvJvjdLgnE_Nyjyq8Oc4Qk_7miea0sB1PY02Qg',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=H000323&__cf_chl_tk=EPkPMMLDL5c9wdZDrBSFUwW8g81td_QRJi2TU3cFeQg-1733084126-1.0.1.1-1cbWTVKlI.vom8svata16bD3FajuuY6wnF0NNGdxjsw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733084126',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=H000323&__cf_chl_f_tk=EPkPMMLDL5c9wdZDrBSFUwW8g81td_QRJi2TU3cFeQg-1733084126-1.0.1.1-1cbWTVKlI.vom8svata16bD3FajuuY6wnF0NNGdxjsw",md: "SdzIWVpVOa3GD0aF0JU1VOMcNDN1Ma2c4.TC38ppPHs-1733084126-1.2.1.1-19Y87UvDtflgkQLSIhmDEOYc9drc87v9He0hgOotIWPIf.lZ2zYT7Rg6PiUZxy3d5gFwHssS9grfM37OYvf7XZK69LL9vJ7mxxPD5s_skVcRHcuWK_DKh1sFFEiTquL10IL2OiIbe8nQ62QW2GXnV4w3cbeizDbfCb1TOOwhRN3jG2zRNy4Ay2hosy9zV2piVA1IMp_vpSjE17o5R2WsyQnFvNkzG0ZKXFFN8WO7lEdXGQZdPAeTKniHpYeL9VjpFI.j5TxRg.pTfUjYVSA178vq4CtAC7as5g9jqop_ZvkThKDlm1D0m19Lx_KvNAMmdsHTCFci4nMwU.I_xIcaBkiqjh_ZQXtY.Nt6yc5pEeXJP2Iy2uFu.UmzzQCYdb91gVU50J4LoTd.tOsFXhpskiGqaALPBtXP3jGCL5y4Ihf7oPCJcF7SEGlpTYi8GAVT0XANfaGPLwyX.XhI.oz.2gUtHtm3lrUZd.fwPQwe83123BDSkN1imrEUPzqBaqWRj1yiMWG9MJDW6yAB7hWxJJmcHRrBxlMOnH5_hF3F5YycER0wvjHMBFb4DoLPyaXkDsblawNWLfky_mj0BlAm_rPW9FJziv1xlqRuYkszS6HJXEuIo6kc0QxTxoF.kSTPEvDgT.QCnltDKXGsJpJhd2g1b73UilGrOyaNJ1FI6rvx_3ZiQGmMHt9ndi1y5n_q4fc2nmmU6qWIYe1loujebfdQLLTbCkmL7.oEHMKU3X1hMcP8sDh1tlaErby0GnYgh7_BLuQimfCQKQCuLoUNLsS2NU.qt__Ym_4RLqq0oBp9SUDju_cWjSFrvczyQFOLX7pjw4a2Xc6ozVKwEjHc_7S0Dd6KWciisiA4KQ3SiKF1gInqog.pxhupN8AVjvCy6F8.u2vrXyzqN1Aud1pligxhDoAfRwjgzjDxgToo0yuHeibIY8fs_r9Eeml0ga4zfTzuuHFN5Y62UrR1CqnBqICiJzMVhnNlPGliNeHj8JcqFWqZPqbz3QHJqaCc65t6SdyI7XE2PuHbzx4sLK.MweDxsT.J7AlnXwMnEi4Wpcx9cjbd75ABUEbicmeX8g3JTelNxfLn1jYnGOKZuFqYpmBe9eqFU8sv05k1myhQB3vWGkl7tcJwkJVxg_MlQOgBR7RzGr7MfdmoU7S0VONdtY6H6NGYdF4V5C0O_6zmYZSpmtSVx_AGrT6lYLJQwCwmeFeZACGzmixpQwqVvEvceuzlyhCjpc7IsYNK56UiVz4u2n3jdSXzuAQS9eYD9x0Hvj1bRtawXDY5s5OI41RvqYE7CIc_0.Z7CpJax.rP6n.p19SRoj9H4z5q6fnmyZ74aQTm3QoRVcCEi.UHMnQNEfISfA0d0yP1cNgecBL7UF1_UXC08T4zmuF9JK9kp6RDM3P1GqAvMiJeNJrKjDX7BPb8i.rNM2.MRyPsMIB3q_WAgnynB33bjL4fch2_bT6NQiIKuQNPApM_YuxqRQJan_FUgc8FIKuzG1g_HA7gtk8xfRczVhlM4C8LomD_rept56iTyEmmhgUtjlf9XkEPbBwLezca2SYX.01G6OOy5vXyb_RDu_LV_6emTr1Ip3zWgYKh1nmtzzpX1EaB4R0u1fENXmlt5cwq60XEr1C8uP8.u7ScDg732adHLd6BvTtn3yXon4oTAj5f8JT5rKAmUpQbncKnfZqi0vopg7Je3atfa2blOK.qs39Fay8itjtAaf2cUMGMpOkg5duZczb390nsBDP29HtYnAN5Ic6tMdETut8s9uUZp319GVd25pJimzPe6_1BZN7ZBOFElqvKM4CHUB.Cv3fnXikszu1eAaYvK_b_rcETtus4P6DMLQV42ENbIY9nrB3T2mQBnmiaDDZyvUHW_6KuvOBvfDiyVzjcaODgg5EwLOXjxQHhwCrIUPPRLbsjGdBCZaIOb.j7bCRpdhJVmZMAMg4X7lxBME7neUzpHrd5GmxMAP_5NnJnngtZbHhtJ5JaI1vqleqDmbYICGqzmDCXj844_uhIZz8",mdrd: "IfiTyuJLRq7ahsA1nyoDET5gAre2SLPsyhlUJD1SKvk-1733084126-1.2.1.1-DkBRNP4Vc.WfM8HG4h9hjLJjDpcVA_Yq4tgnw9.dj0hv6vQFOUi8YpzxLxjXLXu6H2OSbSOXei4i.u.dogJ0zlr1GnaTAU6w5kba17l978cqvEP06eLC6cpz3jDLieIc.fjwIbvliiuNOGUuaSG376J.i8mcmWLzJN8EHURsvRL52tCKJ7pTlNUsN643K1BGwoG0LkLROUPG991h5VSHXnBDz93vScCt1vSsKdmOVG6S1amfUkIgjSSNrZMWaUPKTWitsw6w0x8NmicKHwk1tyLXhOYd5R5Xr.npwyRBykLMgsrYGNwIS4pGoYBY2Wdrn9AAzoCXqMJCajVjc9rqhDoRBt.3mAfqG6mBnrBojizJqgLQXS7SIgIi3Q8DcY7GTqjO76k9Bb9OBMCb1OOSke10XiDeJ60ClDk.EJ76OrXHhUYjIfy5lkOq7m5tGzBZBBUGWXI_rUkv0F5bSSdZXf9.4xuOMkmMj5c3vg.k1gPBVlokZS58madz2APJGNLXQHIbgwOs_WIm77CPfhSCuzoy7nB4piuj_OpWeYGTVp9gbMMRSnDBoeoCF8HX39VXTSCCw9A.6L6qEGLwvVPv0vv198wUbXn1aEIKCJ5p8PdtcQDh6AY3mG6KAjxA_Zh1AfW4KO2rPpQD86xztCzkRXQXUx_027jV1e3kKvSrqJm3qrpfQnk7twj9duEpNgG.EZGKYhDUzYZjCkLH2vIE.O.6vMY.6csh_h197Kk5_zZaX1oWuLXHgdWJUaP3mp1V81a_oY0JuUzB0VC9uwLuF31vsLtbtjPug_Z.x0PUjE3wygik6gYBMUyeaqgjzcHNlq3TOiNpbxiGqZfGVIeaLK4hiiG4Oq8ulRo15anFC7dJM4NZff2gyK4JnyfucJFSJkmXhftUHNbipqI1g6nI3coZmkdaZZhfEr7w0kcFhg7d6.qTQqUzNl3IttVw_zCQSXObH5emT9I7pajzdb7NHqRvJuWYfDl4J5898EbM4PWPorvf1veeiprZ_1WlRRd7At2Grc9.FnWKCSZKv7CpVqENK.dEXjQDRdj1ub8C5C9ryEeksBHRlpMPud48Lt6TCL2_LTrnYQNozqyG0i1mnbZPLVmVze4PBTZ29gRFMGPZ3C9jAnPMzKWPq12n5ETrlBk3.MzWE0bKjz0oob02KaOLDZk_YsrhQdG5.c2yjmWRDMRzux981Qyk.sBzEy6AtYvJGPitWudVcyn_zTGO4KaFVdaTN3jHYqPlUaU2BrxcSjIFRoWU6jvBLOtNHvSayHjB3e0CoU7DlDvUxs5TVgrDvei2h7xBPTPRQEX5WKMb14XGt.pY_KXVDzHzC6EedHqMXV5LxO2KCk6xregxpd6XjyLmYpiyW.aPv_rrFH7mckP7wOoWJYTE9JsOzr21LvYfhnBWhRERyqKjl0Ud0gEG6FYGAn1acOqnfbfwYfWdgemjJcyIGOoYGPqy00NChsOmzrV1gLijCD2nYWN46JBVakyaN2HZumHZcVOb5w7ZltrMhhcQYeTNt.qldTeWEjoFvGkUkBFp2TnZMHhqoRDt.M_NmwzR2hWHRNXUrValgxs6PgcpCsggQ8tklZgjl_P2S5LL5jRxShDio0KUkafDArnsYbYncIhSLZv8UVXOb5GBTGWsthKxIxLMSOJA2fiyE7lrG76idWMkhdyJIKwdCifJYObQRoELcuQIVXLPFShrasxqECbFw6Ir4A1Xg_m7A8e6D1AYzzvTBHKa4s9_.Lq3KWmAaQ46hJOlTDvH4bEAWQmUxuNH2DzwV9xvWC8VMmh6paZgVjwkwBscbyA_dBjfI32ZXsob8znMr5UbZqJ_dvUg7jW29K9xeZ9wKVPHkX7UrKuG8ehj7NaHxM2g3YDeUPxRejjs_ryQnVOspUlFMG_aZNmc0njnHzwKcH9UoEoWaFlLEsYqhf6X2B7ohFlIfLrdPnIDXh86hrYbF3iT5yEaeXjJ7.PkI3ur"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8eb5bfd11b9d3f4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=H000323&__cf_chl_rt_tk=EPkPMMLDL5c9wdZDrBSFUwW8g81td_QRJi2TU3cFeQg-1733084126-1.0.1.1-1cbWTVKlI.vom8svata16bD3FajuuY6wnF0NNGdxjsw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>