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oxidation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: deep oxidation"> <meta name="keywords" content="deep oxidation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="deep oxidation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2952</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: deep oxidation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2952</span> Comparative Study of Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation on Titanium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Yadav">Poonam Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Isothermal oxidation at 800°C for 50h and Cyclic oxidation at 600°C and 800°C for 40h of Pure Ti and Ti64 were performed in a muffle furnace. In Cyclic oxidation, massive scale spallation occurred, and the oxide scale cracks and peels off were observed at high temperature, it represents oxide scale that formed during cyclic oxidation was spalled out owing to stresses due to thermal shock generated during repetitive oxidation and subsequent cooling. The thickness of scale is larger in cyclic oxidation than the isothermal case. This is due to inward diffusion of oxygen through oxide scales and/or pores and cracks in cyclic oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title="cyclic">cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal"> isothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title=" cyclic"> cyclic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19120/comparative-study-of-isothermal-and-cyclic-oxidation-on-titanium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">919</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2951</span> Alumina Supported Cu-Mn-Cr Catalysts for CO and VOCs oxidation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20Ivanov">Krasimir Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20Kolentsova"> Elitsa Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petya%20Petrova"> Petya Petrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20Tabakova"> Tatyana Tabakova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work studies the effect of chemical composition on the activity and selectivity of γ–alumina supported CuO/ MnO2/Cr2O3 catalysts toward deep oxidation of CO, dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation of the support with an aqueous solution of copper nitrate, manganese nitrate and CrO3 under different conditions. Thermal, XRD and TPR analysis were performed. The catalytic measurements of single compounds oxidation were carried out on continuous flow equipment with a four-channel isothermal stainless steel reactor. Flow-line equipment with an adiabatic reactor for simultaneous oxidation of all compounds under the conditions that mimic closely the industrial ones was used. The reactant and product gases were analyzed by means of on-line gas chromatographs. On the basis of XRD analysis it can be concluded that the active component of the mixed Cu-Mn-Cr/γ–alumina catalysts consists of at least six compounds – CuO, Cr2O3, MnO2, Cu1.5Mn1.5O4, Cu1.5Cr1.5O4 and CuCr2O4, depending on the Cu/Mn/Cr molar ratio. Chemical composition strongly influences catalytic properties, this influence being quite variable with regards to the different processes. The rate of CO oxidation rapidly decrease with increasing of chromium content in the active component while for the DME was observed the reverse trend. It was concluded that the best compromise are the catalysts with Cu/(Mn + Cr) molar ratio 1:5 and Mn/Cr molar ratio from 1:3 to 1:4. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Mn-Cr%20oxide%20catalysts" title="Cu-Mn-Cr oxide catalysts">Cu-Mn-Cr oxide catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title=" volatile organic compounds"> volatile organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation" title=" deep oxidation"> deep oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimethyl%20ether%20%28DME%29" title=" dimethyl ether (DME)"> dimethyl ether (DME)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23641/alumina-supported-cu-mn-cr-catalysts-for-co-and-vocs-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2950</span> Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Yadav">Poonam Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee"> Dong Bok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was isothermally and cyclically oxidized at 800oC for 40 hours in air, and its oxidation behavior was characterized in terms of its oxidation rate, scaling rate, and scale spallation tendency. The isothermal oxidation tests indicated that Ti-6Al-4V oxidized fast and almost linearly, forming thick oxide scales. However, the scales that formed during isothermal oxidation were adherent. The cyclic oxidation tests indicated that the scales that formed on Ti-6Al-4V were highly susceptible to spallation owing to the large growth stress arisen and the thermal stress imposed during thermal cyclings. The formed scales frequently delaminated into several pieces owing to the excessive stress aroused by the repetitive thermal shock. Particularly, excessive oxidation and heavy spallation occurred at the edge of Ti-6Al-4V during cyclic oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic" title="cyclic">cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal" title=" isothermal"> isothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spallation" title=" spallation"> spallation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28970/isothermal-and-cyclic-oxidation-of-the-ti-6al-4v-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2949</span> Effect of the Nature of the Precursor on the Performance of Cu-Mn Catalysts for CO and VOCs Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20Kolentsova">Elitsa Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20Ivanov"> Krasimir Ivanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The catalytic oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde is an important industrial process in which the waste gas in addition to CO contains methanol and dimethyl ether (DME). Evaluation of the possibility of removing the harmful components from the exhaust gasses needs a more complex investigation. Our previous work indicates that supported Cu-Mn oxide catalysts are promising for effective deep oxidation of these compounds. This work relates to the catalyst, comprising copper-manganese spinel, coated on carrier γ-Al₂O₃. The effect of preparation conditions on the active component composition and activity behavior of the catalysts is discussed. Different organometallic compounds on the base of four natural amino acids (Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine) as precursors were used for the preparation of catalysts with Cu/Mn molar ratio 1:5. X-Ray and TEM analysis were performed on the catalyst’s bulk, and surface composition and the specific surface area was determined by BET method. The results obtained show that the activity of the catalysts increase up to 40% although there are some specific features, depending on the nature of the amino acid and the oxidized compound. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Mn%2F%CE%B3-Al%E2%82%82O%E2%82%83" title="Cu-Mn/γ-Al₂O₃">Cu-Mn/γ-Al₂O₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%20and%20VOCs%20oxidation" title=" CO and VOCs oxidation"> CO and VOCs oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalysis" title=" heterogeneous catalysis"> heterogeneous catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title=" amino acids"> amino acids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68203/effect-of-the-nature-of-the-precursor-on-the-performance-of-cu-mn-catalysts-for-co-and-vocs-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2948</span> Effect of Oxidation on Wetting Behavior between Silicon and Silicon Carbide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zineb%20Benouahmane">Zineb Benouahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Lifeng"> Zhang Lifeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental oxidation tests at high temperature (1300°C-1500°C) on α-SiC samples have been performed with different holding times and atmosphere (air, argon). Oxidized samples were then analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy coupled to SEM and DAKTEK surface profiler verification. The oxidation rate and the mas gain were found to increase with temperature and holding times, corresponding to a passive oxidation regime which lead to the formation of SiO2 layer. The sessile drop method is employed in order to measure the wetting angles between Si/SiC system at high temperature (1430°C-1550°C). Contact angle can be varied between 44 °C to 85°C, by controlling the oxygen content in α-SiC. Increasing the temperature occurred the infiltration of liquid silicon and deoxidation of the coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title="oxidation">oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiC" title=" SiC"> SiC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22053/effect-of-oxidation-on-wetting-behavior-between-silicon-and-silicon-carbide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2947</span> Alumina Supported Cu-Mn-La Catalysts for CO and VOCs Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20N.%20Kolentsova">Elitsa N. Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Y.%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Y. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petya%20Cv.%20Petrova"> Petya Cv. Petrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20V.%20Avdeev"> Georgi V. Avdeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20D.%20Nihtianova"> Diana D. Nihtianova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20I.%20Ivanov"> Krasimir I. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20T.%20Tabakova"> Tatyana T. Tabakova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, copper and manganese-containing systems are recognized as active and selective catalysts in many oxidation reactions. The main idea of this study is to obtain more information about γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>supported Cu-La catalysts and to evaluate their activity to simultaneous oxidation of CO, CH<sub>3</sub>OH and dimethyl ether (DME). The catalysts were synthesized by impregnation of support with a mixed aqueous solution of nitrates of copper, manganese and lanthanum under different conditions. XRD, HRTEM/EDS, TPR and thermal analysis were performed to investigate catalysts’ bulk and surface properties. The texture characteristics were determined by Quantachrome Instruments NOVA 1200e specific surface area and pore analyzer. The catalytic measurements of single compounds oxidation were carried out on continuous flow equipment with a four-channel isothermal stainless steel reactor in a wide temperature range. On the basis of XRD analysis and HRTEM/EDS, it was concluded that the active component of the mixed Cu-Mn-La/γ–alumina catalysts strongly depends on the Cu/Mn molar ratio and consisted of at least four compounds – CuO, La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. A homogeneous distribution of the active component on the carrier surface was found. The chemical composition strongly influenced catalytic properties. This influence was quite variable with regards to the different processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Mn-La%20oxide%20catalysts" title="Cu-Mn-La oxide catalysts">Cu-Mn-La oxide catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20oxide" title=" carbon oxide"> carbon oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs" title=" VOCs"> VOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation" title=" deep oxidation"> deep oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52487/alumina-supported-cu-mn-la-catalysts-for-co-and-vocs-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2946</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc (II) Complex and Its Catalytic Activity on C(SP3)-H Oxidation Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7">Yalçın Kılıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0brahim%20Kani"> İbrahim Kani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conversion of hydrocarbons to carbonyl compounds by oxidation reaction is one of the most important reactions in the synthesis of fine chemicals. As a result of the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing aliphatic sp3-CH groups in their structures, aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids can be obtained. In this study, OSSO-type 2,2'-[1,4-butanedylbis(thio)]bis-benzoic acid (tsabutH2) ligand and [Zn(µ-tsabut)(phen)]n complex (where phen = 1,10-phenantroline) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction method. The catalytic efficiency of the complex in the catalytic oxidation studies of organic compounds such as cyclohexane, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane, and p-xylene containing sp3-C-H in its structure was investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20complex" title="metal complex">metal complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSSO-type%20ligand" title=" OSSO-type ligand"> OSSO-type ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157326/synthesis-and-characterization-of-zinc-ii-complex-and-its-catalytic-activity-on-csp3-h-oxidation-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2945</span> Electro-Oxidation of Glycerol Using Nickel Deposited Carbon Ceramic Electrode and Product Analysis Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulatu%20Kassie%20Birhanu">Mulatu Kassie Birhanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electro-oxidation of glycerol is an important process to convert the less price glycerol into other expensive (essential) and energy-rich chemicals. In this study, nickel was electro-deposited on laboratory-made carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) substrate using electrochemical techniques that is cyclic voltammetry (CV) to prepare an electro-catalyst (Ni/CCE) for electro-oxidation of glycerol. Carbon ceramic electrode was prepared from graphite and methyl tri-methoxy silane (MTMOS) through the processes called hydrolysis and condensation with methanol in acidic media (HCl) by a sol-gel technique. Physico-chemical characterization of bare CCE and modified (deposited) CCE (Ni/CCE) was measured and evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electro-oxidation of glycerol was performed in 0.1 M glycerol in alkaline media (0.5 M NaOH). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to identify and determine the concentration of glycerol, reaction intermediates and oxidized products of glycerol after its electro-oxidation is performed. The conversion (%) of electro-oxidation of glycerol during 9-hour oxidation was 73% and 36% at 1.8V and 1.6V vs. RHE, respectively. Formate, oxalate, glycolate and glycerate are the main oxidation products of glycerol with selectivity (%) of 75%, 8.6%, 1.1% and 0.95 % at 1.8 V vs. RHE and 55.4%, 2.2%, 1.0% and 0.6% at 1.6 V vs. RHE respectively. The result indicates that formate is the main product in the electro-oxidation of glycerol on Ni/CCE using the indicated applied potentials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon-ceramic%20electrode" title="carbon-ceramic electrode">carbon-ceramic electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title=" electrodeposition"> electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-oxidation" title=" electro-oxidation"> electro-oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methyltrimethoxysilane" title=" Methyltrimethoxysilane"> Methyltrimethoxysilane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141050/electro-oxidation-of-glycerol-using-nickel-deposited-carbon-ceramic-electrode-and-product-analysis-using-high-performance-liquid-chromatography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2944</span> Catalytic Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Oxidation of Paraffin-Based Fuels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin-Lin%20Liu">Lin-Lin Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song-Qi%20Hu"> Song-Qi Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin%20Wang"> Yin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paraffin-based fuels are regarded to be a promising fuel of hybrid rocked motor because of the high regression rate, low price, and environmental friendliness. Graphene Oxide (GO) is an attractive energetic material which is expected to be widely used in propellants, explosives, and some high energy fuels. Paraffin-based fuels with paraffin and GO as raw materials were prepared, and the oxidation process of the samples was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) under oxygen (O₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) atmospheres. The oxidation reaction kinetics of the fuels was estimated through the non-isothermal measurements and model-free isoconversional methods based on the experimental results of TGA. The results show that paraffin-based fuels are easier oxidized under O₂ rather than N₂O with atmospheres due to the lower activation energy; GO plays a catalytic role for the oxidation of paraffin-based fuels under the both atmospheres, and the activation energy of the oxidation process decreases with the increase of GO; catalytic effect of GO on the oxidation of paraffin-based fuels are more obvious under O₂ atmospheres than under N₂O atmospheres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title="graphene oxide">graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraffin-based%20fuels" title=" paraffin-based fuels"> paraffin-based fuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20energy" title=" activation energy"> activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGA" title=" TGA"> TGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74018/catalytic-effect-of-graphene-oxide-on-the-oxidation-of-paraffin-based-fuels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2943</span> Optimizing Oxidation Process Parameters of Al-Li Base Alloys Using Taguchi Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muna%20K.%20Abbass">Muna K. Abbass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laith%20A.%20Mohammed"> Laith A. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muntaha%20K.%20Abbas"> Muntaha K. Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oxidation of Al-Li base alloy containing small amounts of rare earth (RE) oxides such as 0.2 wt% Y2O3 and 0.2wt% Nd2O3 particles have been studied at temperatures: 400ºC, 500ºC and 550°C for 60hr in a dry air. Alloys used in this study were prepared by melting and casting in a permanent steel mould under controlled atmosphere. Identification of oxidation kinetics was carried out by using weight gain/surface area (∆W/A) measurements while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction analysis were used for micro structural morphologies and phase identification of the oxide scales. It was observed that the oxidation kinetic for all studied alloys follows the parabolic law in most experimental tests under the different oxidation temperatures. It was also found that the alloy containing 0.2 wt %Y 2O3 particles possess the lowest oxidation rate and shows great improvements in oxidation resistance compared to the alloy containing 0.2 wt % Nd2O3 particles and Al-Li base alloy. In this work, Taguchi method is performed to estimate the optimum weight gain /area (∆W/A) parameter in oxidation process of Al-Li base alloys to obtain a minimum thickness of oxidation layer. Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental layout, to analyses the effect of each parameter (time, temperature and alloy type) on the oxidation generation and to predict the optimal choice for each parameter and analyzed the effect of these parameters on the weight gain /area (∆W/A) parameter. The analysis shows that, the temperature significantly affects on the (∆W/A) parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Li%20base%20alloy" title="Al-Li base alloy">Al-Li base alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature "> temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11322/optimizing-oxidation-process-parameters-of-al-li-base-alloys-using-taguchi-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2942</span> Microstructures of Si Surfaces Fabricated by Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation with Agarose Stamps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Zhou">Hang Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Limin%20Zhu"> Limin Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the fabrication of microstructures on Si surfaces by using electrochemical anodic oxidation with agarose stamps. The fabricating process is based on a selective anodic oxidation reaction that occurs in the contact area between a stamp and a Si substrate. The stamp which is soaked in electrolyte previously acts as a current flow channel. After forming the oxide patterns as an etching mask, a KOH aqueous is used for the wet etching of Si. A complicated microstructure array of 1 cm2 was fabricated by the method with high accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructures" title="microstructures">microstructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodic%20oxidation" title=" anodic oxidation"> anodic oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agarose%20stamps" title=" agarose stamps"> agarose stamps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57259/microstructures-of-si-surfaces-fabricated-by-electrochemical-anodic-oxidation-with-agarose-stamps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2941</span> Phenol Degradation via Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Fe Doped TiO₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Ismail">Sherif Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradation of phenol-contaminated wastewater using Photocatalytic oxidation process was investigated in batch experiments using Fe doped TiO₂. Moreover, the effect of oxygen aeration on the performance of photocatalytic oxidation process by iron (Fe⁺²) doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was assessed. Photocatalytic oxidation using Fe doped TiO₂ effectively reduce the phenol concentration in wastewater with optimum condition of light intensity, pH, catalyst-dosing and initial concentration of phenol were 50 W/m2, 5.3, 600 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively. The results obtained that removal efficiency of phenol was 88% after 180 min in case of N₂ addition. However, aeration by oxygen resulted in a 99% removal efficiency in 120 min. The results of photo-catalysis oxidation experiments fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation with high correlation. Costs estimation of 30 m3/d full-scale photo-catalysis oxidation plant was assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol%20degradation" title="phenol degradation">phenol degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-doped%20TiO2" title=" Fe-doped TiO2"> Fe-doped TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOPs" title=" AOPs"> AOPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20analysis" title=" cost analysis"> cost analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90365/phenol-degradation-via-photocatalytic-oxidation-using-fe-doped-tio2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2940</span> Microstructure and Oxidation Behaviors of Al, Y Modified Silicide Coatings Prepared on an Nb-Si Based Ultrahigh Temperature Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiping%20Guo">Xiping Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Li"> Jing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microstructure of an Si-Al-Y co-deposition coating prepared on an Nb-Si based ultra high temperature alloy by pack cementation process at 1250°C for eight hours was studied. The results showed that the coating was composed of a (Nb,X)Si₂ (X represents Ti, Cr and Hf elements) outer layer, a (Ti,Nb)₅Si₄ middle layer and an Al, Cr-rich inner layer. For comparison, the oxidation behaviors of the coating at 800, 1050 and 1350°C were investigated respectively. Linear oxidation kinetics was found with the parabolic rate constants of 5.29×10⁻², 9×10⁻²and 5.81 mg² cm⁻⁴ h⁻¹, respectively. Catastrophic pesting oxidation has not been found at 800°C even for 100 h. The surface of the scale was covered by compact glassy SiO₂ film. The coating was able to effectively protect the Nb-Si based alloy from oxidation at 1350°C for at least 100 h. The formation process of the scale was testified following an epitaxial growth mechanism. The mechanism responsible for the oxidation behavior of the Si-Al-Y co-deposition coating at 800, 1050 and 1350°C was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nb-Si%20based%20ultra%20high%20temperature%20alloy" title="Nb-Si based ultra high temperature alloy">Nb-Si based ultra high temperature alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20resistance" title=" oxidation resistance"> oxidation resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pack%20cementation" title=" pack cementation"> pack cementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicide%20coating" title=" silicide coating"> silicide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20and%20Y%20modified" title=" Al and Y modified"> Al and Y modified</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78981/microstructure-and-oxidation-behaviors-of-al-y-modified-silicide-coatings-prepared-on-an-nb-si-based-ultrahigh-temperature-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2939</span> Investigating Water-Oxidation Using a Ru(III) Carboxamide Water Coordinated Complex </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosra%20M.%20Badiei">Yosra M. Badiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyn%20Ortiz"> Evelyn Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marisa%20Portenti"> Marisa Portenti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Szalda"> David Szalda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water-oxidation half-reaction is a critical reaction that can be driven by a sustainable energy source (e.g., solar or wind) and be coupled with a chemical fuel making reaction which stores the released electrons and protons from water (e.g., H₂ or methanol). The use of molecular water-oxidation catalysts (WOC) allow the rationale design of redox active metal centers and provides a better understanding of their structure-activity-relationship. Herein, the structure of a Ru(III) complex bearing a doubly deprotonated N,N'-bis(aryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide ligand which contains a water molecule in its primary coordination sphere was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further spectroscopic experimental data and pH-dependent electrochemical studies reveal its water-oxidation reactivity. Emphasis on mechanistic details for O₂ formation of this complex will be addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-oxidation" title="water-oxidation">water-oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20photosynthesis" title=" artificial photosynthesis"> artificial photosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108812/investigating-water-oxidation-using-a-ruiii-carboxamide-water-coordinated-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2938</span> Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of the Oxidation of Linoleic Acid by 1O2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayenne%20Djemil">Rayenne Djemil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanism of oxidation reaction of linoleic acid C18: 2 (9 cis12) by singlet oxygen 1O2 were theoretically investigated via using quantum chemical methods. We explored the four reaction pathways at PM3, Hartree-Fock HF and, B3LYP functional associated with the base 6-31G (d) level. The results are in favor of the first and the last reaction ways. The transition states were found by QST3 method. Thus the pathways between the transition state structures and their corresponding minima have been identified by the IRC calculations. The thermodynamic study showed that the four ways of oxidation of linoleic acid are spontaneous, exothermic and, the enthalpy values confirm that conjugate hydroperoxydes are the most favorable products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echanism" title="echanism">echanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20mechanics" title=" quantum mechanics"> quantum mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linoleic%20acid%20H" title=" linoleic acid H"> linoleic acid H</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35946/theoretical-study-of-the-mechanism-of-the-oxidation-of-linoleic-acid-by-1o2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2937</span> Oxidation of Alcohols Types Using Nano-Graphene Oxide (NGO) as Heterogeneous Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gharib">Ali Gharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Vojdanifard"> Leila Vojdanifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Noroozi%20Pesyan"> Nader Noroozi Pesyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Roshani"> Mina Roshani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe an efficient method for oxidation of alcohols to related aldehydes and ketones by hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent, under reflux conditions. Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) as a heterogeneous catalyst was used and had their activity compared with other various catalysts. This catalyst was found to be an excellent catalyst for oxidation of alcohols. The effects of various parameters, including catalyst type, nature of the substituent in the alcohols and temperature, on the yield of the carboxylic acids were studied. Nano-graphene oxide was synthesized by the oxidation of graphite powders. This nanocatalyst was found to be highly efficient in this reaction and products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The recovered nano-catalyst was successfully reused for several runs without significant loss in its catalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-graphene%20oxide" title="nano-graphene oxide">nano-graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aldehyde" title=" aldehyde"> aldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketone" title=" ketone"> ketone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40536/oxidation-of-alcohols-types-using-nano-graphene-oxide-ngo-as-heterogeneous-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2936</span> Inter-Filling of CaO and MgO Mixed Layer in Surface Behavior of Al-Mg Alloys Containing Al2Ca</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Ho%20Ha">Seong-Ho Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Ok%20Yoon"> Young-Ok Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shae%20K.%20Kim"> Shae K. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxide layer of normal Al-Mg alloy can be characterized by upper MgO and lower MgAl2O4 spinel. The formation of the MgO outmost layer occurs by the surface segregation of Mg in the initial oxidation. After then, the oxidation is proceeded with the formation of MgA12O4 spinel beneath the MgO. Growth of the oxide layer is accelerated by constant formation of MgA12O4 spinel. On the other hand, the oxidation resistance of Al-Mg alloys can be significantly improved simply by Mg+Al2Ca master alloy use as the Mg alloying element and such an improvement is attributed to the CaO/MgO mixed layer. Al-Mg alloy containing Al2Ca shows CaO as the upper layer and MgO as the lower one without MgA12O4 spinel. Such a dense oxide film acts as a protective layer. However, the CaO/MgO scale has the outmost MgO, partly, after a long time exposure to a harsh oxidation condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the inter-filling behaviour of CaO and MgO mixed layer in oxidation resistance mechanism of Al-Mg alloys containing Al2Ca. The process of outmost MgO layer formation will be clarified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Mg%20alloy" title="Al-Mg alloy">Al-Mg alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2Ca" title=" Al2Ca"> Al2Ca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MgO" title=" MgO"> MgO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49097/inter-filling-of-cao-and-mgo-mixed-layer-in-surface-behavior-of-al-mg-alloys-containing-al2ca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2935</span> Comparison of Structure and Corrosion Properties of Titanium Oxide Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation, DC Plasma Oxidation, and by the Sol-Gel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20%C3%87omakl%C4%B1">O. Çomaklı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1"> M. Yazıcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yetim"> T. Yetim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Yetim"> A. F. Yetim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20%C3%87elik"> A. Çelik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, TiO₂ films were deposited on Cp-Ti substrates by thermal oxidation, DC plasma oxidation, and by the sol-gel method. Microstructures of uncoated and TiO₂ film coated samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Thin oxide film consisting of anatase (A) and rutile (R) TiO₂ structures was observed on the surface of CP-Ti by under three different treatments. Also, the more intense anatase and rutile peaks appeared at samples plasma oxidized at 700˚C. The thicknesses of films were about 1.8 μm at the TiO₂ film coated samples by sol-gel and about 2.7 μm at thermal oxidated samples, while it was measured as 3.9 μm at the plasma oxidated samples. Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of uncoated and coated specimens was mainly carried out by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. Results showed that at the plasma oxidated samples exhibited a better resistance property to corrosion than that of other treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title="TiO₂">TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CP-Ti" title=" CP-Ti"> CP-Ti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20properties" title=" corrosion properties"> corrosion properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20oxidation" title=" thermal oxidation"> thermal oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20oxidation" title=" plasma oxidation"> plasma oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74991/comparison-of-structure-and-corrosion-properties-of-titanium-oxide-films-prepared-by-thermal-oxidation-dc-plasma-oxidation-and-by-the-sol-gel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2934</span> The Effect of Oxidation Stability Improvement in Calophyllum Inophyllum Palm Oil Methyl Ester Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalina">Natalina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwai%20Chyuan%20Onga"> Hwai Chyuan Onga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20T.%20Chonga"> W. T. Chonga </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxidation stability of biodiesel is very important in fuel handling especially for remote location of biodiesel application. Variety of feedstocks and biodiesel production process resulted many variation of biodiesel oxidation stability. The current study relates to investigation of the impact of fatty acid composition that caused by natural and production process of calophyllum inophyllum palm oil methyl ester that correlated with improvement of biodiesel oxidation stability. Firstly, biodiesel was produced from crude oil of palm oil, calophyllum inophyllum and mixing of calophyllum inophyllum and palm oil. The production process of calophyllum inophyllum palm oil methyl ester (CIPOME) was divided by including washing process and without washing. Secondly, the oxidation stability was measured from the palm oil methyl ester (POME), calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester (CIME), CIPOME with washing process and CIPOME without washing process. Then, in order to find the differences of fatty acid compositions all of the biodiesels were measured by gas chromatography analysis. It was found that mixing calophyllum inophyllum into palm oil increased the oxidation stability. Washing process influenced the CIPOME fatty acid composition, and reduction of washing process during the production process gave significant oxidation stability number of CIPOME (38 h to 114 h). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20stability" title=" oxidation stability"> oxidation stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calophyllum%20inophyllum" title=" calophyllum inophyllum"> calophyllum inophyllum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20content" title=" water content"> water content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39777/the-effect-of-oxidation-stability-improvement-in-calophyllum-inophyllum-palm-oil-methyl-ester-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2933</span> Influence of Grain Shape, Size and Grain Boundary Diffusion on High Temperature Oxidation of Metal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sneha%20Samal">Sneha Samal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iva%20Petrikova"> Iva Petrikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bohdana%20Marvalova"> Bohdana Marvalova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Influence of grain size, shape and grain boundary diffusion at high temperature oxidation of pure metal is investigated as the function of microstructure evolution in this article. The oxidized scale depends on the geometrical parameter of the metal-scale system and grain shape, size, diffusion through boundary layers and influence of the contamination. The creation of the inner layer and the morphological structure develops from the internal stress generated during the growth of the scale. The oxidation rate depends on the cation and anion mobile transport of the metal in the inward and outward direction of the diffusion layer. Oxidation rate decreases with decreasing the grain size of the pure metal, whereas zinc deviates from this principle. A strong correlation between the surface roughness evolution, grain size, crystalline properties and oxidation mechanism of the oxidized metal was established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20oxidation" title="high temperature oxidation">high temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20metals" title=" pure metals"> pure metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size" title=" grain size"> grain size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20and%20grain%20boundary" title=" shape and grain boundary"> shape and grain boundary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8543/influence-of-grain-shape-size-and-grain-boundary-diffusion-on-high-temperature-oxidation-of-metal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2932</span> Isolation of Soil Thiobacterii and Determination of Their Bio-Oxidation Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kistaubayeva">A. Kistaubayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Savitskaya"> I. Savitskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ibrayeva"> D. Ibrayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdulzhanova"> M. Abdulzhanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Voronova"> N. Voronova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 36 strains of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated in Southern Kazakhstan soda-saline soils and identified. Screening of strains according bio-oxidation (destruction thiosulfate to sulfate) and enzymatic (Thiosulfate dehydrogenises and thiosulfate reductase) activity was conducted. There were selected modes of aeration and culture conditions (pH, temperature), which provide optimum harvest cells. These strains can be used in bio-melioration technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elemental%20sulfur" title="elemental sulfur">elemental sulfur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20activity" title=" oxidation activity"> oxidation activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%D0%A2hiobacilli" title=" Тhiobacilli"> Тhiobacilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizers" title=" fertilizers"> fertilizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophic%20S-oxidizers" title=" heterotrophic S-oxidizers"> heterotrophic S-oxidizers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10021/isolation-of-soil-thiobacterii-and-determination-of-their-bio-oxidation-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2931</span> Effect of Particle Size and Concentration of Pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) Peel Powder on Suppression of Oxidation of Edible Plant Oils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20G.%20D.%20C.%20L.%20Munasinghe">D. G. D. C. L. Munasinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Gunawardana"> M. S. Gunawardana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20P.%20Prasanna"> P. H. P. Prasanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Ranadheera"> C. S. Ranadheera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Madhujith"> T. Madhujith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lipid oxidation is an important process that affects the shelf life of edible oils. Oxidation produces off flavors, off odors and chemical compounds that lead to adverse health effects. Chemical mechanisms such as autoxidation, photo-oxidation and thermal oxidation are responsible for lipid oxidation. Refined, Bleached and Deodorized (RBD) coconut oil, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and corn oil are widely used plant oils. Pomegranate fruit is known to possess high antioxidative efficacy. Peel of pomegranate contains high antioxidant activity than aril and pulp membrane. The study attempted to study the effect of particle size and concentration of pomegranate peel powder on suppression of oxidation of RBD coconut oil, VCO and corn oil. Pomegranate peel powder was incorporated into each oil sample as micro (< 250 µm) and nano particles (280 - 300 nm) at 100 ppm and 200 ppm concentrations. The control sample of each oil was prepared, devoid of pomegranate peel powder. The stability of oils against autoxidation was evaluated by storing oil samples at 60 °C for 28 days. The level of oxidation was assessed by peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances on 0,1,3,5,7,14 and 28 day, respectively. VCO containing pomegranate particles of 280 - 300 nm at 200 ppm showed the highest oxidative stability followed by RBD coconut oil and corn oil. Results revealed that pomegranate peel powder with 280 - 300 nm particle size at 200 ppm concentration was the best in mitigating oxidation of RBD coconut oil, VCO and corn oil. There is a huge potential of utilizing pomegranate peel powder as an antioxidant agent in reducing oxidation of edible plant oils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoxidation" title=" autoxidation"> autoxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20particles" title=" micro particles"> micro particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20particles" title=" nano particles"> nano particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pomegranate%20peel%20powder" title=" pomegranate peel powder"> pomegranate peel powder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35648/effect-of-particle-size-and-concentration-of-pomegranate-punica-granatum-l-peel-powder-on-suppression-of-oxidation-of-edible-plant-oils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2930</span> Application of Tocopherol as Antioxidant to Reduce Decomposition Process on Palm Oil Biodiesel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supriyono">Supriyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumardiyono"> Sumardiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rendy%20J.%20Pramono"> Rendy J. Pramono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels promising for substituting petrodiesel as energy source which has an advantage as it is sustainable and eco-friendly. Due to the raw material that tends to decompose during storage, biodiesel also has the same characteristic that tends to decompose during storage. Biodiesel decomposition will form higher acid value as the result of oxidation to double bond on a fatty acid compound on biodiesel. Thus, free fatty acid value could be used to evaluate degradation of biodiesel due to the oxidation process. High free fatty acid on biodiesel could impact on the engine performance. Decomposition of biodiesel due to oxidation reaction could prevent by introducing a small amount of antioxidant. The origin of raw materials and the process for producing biodiesel will determine the effectiveness of antioxidant. Biodiesel made from high free fatty acid (FFA) crude palm oil (CPO) by using two steps esterification is vulnerable to oxidation process which is resulted in increasing on the FFA value. Tocopherol also known as vitamin E is one of the antioxidant that could improve the stability of biodiesel due to decomposition by the oxidation process. Tocopherol 0.5% concentration on palm oil biodiesel could reduce 13% of increasing FFA under temperature 80 °C and exposing time 180 minute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20biodiesel" title=" palm oil biodiesel"> palm oil biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title=" decomposition"> decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tocopherol" title=" tocopherol"> tocopherol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49087/application-of-tocopherol-as-antioxidant-to-reduce-decomposition-process-on-palm-oil-biodiesel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2929</span> Investigation on Behavior of Fixed-Ended Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Heyrani%20Birak">Y. Heyrani Birak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hizaji"> R. Hizaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Shahkarami"> J. Shahkarami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced Concrete (RC) deep beams are special structural elements because of their geometry and behavior under loads. For example, assumption of strain- stress distribution is not linear in the cross section. These types of beams may have simple supports or fixed supports. A lot of research works have been conducted on simply supported deep beams, but little study has been done in the fixed-end RC deep beams behavior. Recently, using of fixed-ended deep beams has been widely increased in structures. In this study, the behavior of fixed-ended deep beams is investigated, and the important parameters in capacity of this type of beams are mentioned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20beam" title="deep beam">deep beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-ended" title=" fixed-ended"> fixed-ended</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57558/investigation-on-behavior-of-fixed-ended-reinforced-concrete-deep-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2928</span> Failure Mechanism in Fixed-Ended Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams under Cyclic Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aarabzadeh">A. Aarabzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hizaji"> R. Hizaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced Concrete (RC) deep beams are a special type of beams due to their geometry, boundary conditions, and behavior compared to ordinary shallow beams. For example, assumption of a linear strain-stress distribution in the cross section is not valid. Little study has been dedicated to fixed-end RC deep beams. Also, most experimental studies are carried out on simply supported deep beams. Regarding recent tendency for application of deep beams, possibility of using fixed-ended deep beams has been widely increased in structures. Therefore, it seems necessary to investigate the aforementioned structural element in more details. In addition to experimental investigation of a concrete deep beam under cyclic load, different failure mechanisms of fixed-ended deep beams under this type of loading have been evaluated in the present study. The results show that failure mechanisms of deep beams under cyclic loads are quite different from monotonic loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20beam" title="deep beam">deep beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20load" title=" cyclic load"> cyclic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-ended" title=" fixed-ended"> fixed-ended</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56504/failure-mechanism-in-fixed-ended-reinforced-concrete-deep-beams-under-cyclic-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2927</span> Investigation of Deep Eutectic Solvents for Microwave Assisted Extraction and Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of Hexanal in Fat-Rich Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birute%20Bugelyte">Birute Bugelyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrida%20Jurkute"> Ingrida Jurkute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Vickackaite"> Vida Vickackaite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most complicated step of the determination of volatile compounds in complex matrices is the separation of analytes from the matrix. Traditional analyte separation methods (liquid extraction, Soxhlet extraction) require a lot of time and labour; moreover, there is a risk to lose the volatile analytes. In recent years, headspace gas chromatography has been used to determine volatile compounds. To date, traditional extraction solvents have been used in headspace gas chromatography. As a rule, such solvents are rather volatile; therefore, a large amount of solvent vapour enters into the headspace together with the analyte. Because of that, the determination sensitivity of the analyte is reduced, a huge solvent peak in the chromatogram can overlap with the peaks of the analyts. The sensitivity is also limited by the fact that the sample can’t be heated at a higher temperature than the solvent boiling point. In 2018 it was suggested to replace traditional headspace gas chromatographic solvents with non-volatile, eco-friendly, biodegradable, inexpensive, and easy to prepare deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Generally, deep eutectic solvents have low vapour pressure, a relatively wide liquid range, much lower melting point than that of any of their individual components. Those features make DESs very attractive as matrix media for application in headspace gas chromatography. Also, DESs are polar compounds, so they can be applied for microwave assisted extraction. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of applying deep eutectic solvents for microwave assisted extraction and headspace gas chromatographic determination of hexanal in fat-rich food. Hexanal is considered one of the most suitable indicators of lipid oxidation degree as it is the main secondary oxidation product of linoleic acid, which is one of the principal fatty acids of many edible oils. Eight hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents have been synthesized, and the influence of the temperature and microwaves on their headspace gas chromatographic behaviour has been investigated. Using the most suitable DES, microwave assisted extraction conditions and headspace gas chromatographic conditions have been optimized for the determination of hexanal in potato chips. Under optimized conditions, the quality parameters of the prepared technique have been determined. The suggested technique was applied for the determination of hexanal in potato chips and other fat-rich food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headspace%20gas%20chromatography" title=" headspace gas chromatography"> headspace gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexanal" title=" hexanal"> hexanal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20assisted%20extraction" title=" microwave assisted extraction"> microwave assisted extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130578/investigation-of-deep-eutectic-solvents-for-microwave-assisted-extraction-and-headspace-gas-chromatographic-determination-of-hexanal-in-fat-rich-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2926</span> High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Aluminized Steel by Arc Spray and Cementation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minoo%20Tavakoli">Minoo Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Kiani%20Rashid"> Alireza Kiani Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Afrasiabi"> Abbas Afrasiabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An aluminum coating deposited on mild steel substrate by electric arc spray and diffused to the base steel material by diffusion treatment at 800 and 900°C for 1 and 3 hours in a static air. Alloy layers formed by diffusion at both temperatures were investigated, and their features were compared with those of pack cementation aluminized steel. High-temperature oxidation tests were carried out in air at 600 °C for 145 hours. Results indicated that the aluminide coatings obtained from this process have significantly improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance in both methods due to the Al2O3 scale formation. Furthermore, it showed that the isothermal oxidation resistance of arc spray technique is better than pack cementation method. This can be attributed to voids that formed at the intermetallic layer /Al layer interface which is increased in the pack cementation method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20arc%20spray" title="electric arc spray">electric arc spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pack%20cementation" title=" pack cementation"> pack cementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20resistance" title=" oxidation resistance"> oxidation resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminized%20steel" title=" aluminized steel "> aluminized steel </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15965/high-temperature-oxidation-behavior-of-aluminized-steel-by-arc-spray-and-cementation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2925</span> Formation of Protective Silicide-Aluminide Coating on Gamma-TiAl Advanced Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nouri">S. Nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Si-aluminide coating was prepared on gamma-TiAl [Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B (at. %)] via liquid-phase slurry procedure. The high temperature oxidation resistance of this diffusion coating was evaluated at 1100 °C for 400 hours. The results of the isothermal oxidation showed that the formation of Si-aluminide coating can remarkably improve the high temperature oxidation of bare gamma-TiAl alloy. The identification of oxide scale microstructure showed that the formation of protective Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide scale along with a continuous, compact and uniform layer of Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> beneath the surface oxide scale can act as an oxygen diffusion barrier during the high temperature oxidation. The other possible mechanisms related to the formation of Si-aluminide coating and oxide scales were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamma-TiAl%20alloy" title="Gamma-TiAl alloy">Gamma-TiAl alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20oxidation" title=" high temperature oxidation"> high temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-aluminide%20coating" title=" Si-aluminide coating"> Si-aluminide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20procedure" title=" slurry procedure"> slurry procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858/formation-of-protective-silicide-aluminide-coating-on-gamma-tial-advanced-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2924</span> Isolation and Identification of Novel Escherichia Marmotae Spp.: Their Enzymatic Biodegradation of Zearalenone and Deep-oxidation of Deoxynivalenol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Murtaza">Bilal Murtaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyu%20Li"> Xiaoyu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liming%20Dong"> Liming Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Kashif%20Saleemi"> Muhammad Kashif Saleemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gen%20Li"> Gen Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bowen%20Jin"> Bowen Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lili%20Wang"> Lili Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongping%20Xu"> Yongping Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fusarium spp. produce numerous mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), and its acetylated compounds, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) (15-ADON). In a co-culture system, the soil-derived Escherichia marmotae strain degrades ZEN and DON into 3-keto-DON and DOM-1 via enzymatic deep-oxidation. When pure mycotoxins were subjected to Escherichia marmotae in culture flasks, degradation, and detoxification were also attained. DON and ZEN concentrations, ambient pH, incubation temperatures, bacterium concentrations, and the impact of acid treatment on degradation were all evaluated. The results of the ELISA and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HRMS) tests demonstrated that the concentration of mycotoxins exposed to Escherichia marmotae was significantly lower than the control. ZEN levels were reduced by 43.9%, while zearalenone sulfate ([M/z 397.1052 C18H21O8S1) was discovered as a derivative of ZEN converted by microbes to a less toxic molecule. Furthermore, Escherichia marmotae appeared to metabolize DON 35.10% into less toxic derivatives (DOM-1 at m/z 281 of [DON - O]+ and 3-keto-DON at m/z 295 of [DON - 2H]+). These results show that Escherichia marmotae can reduce Fusarium mycotoxins production, degrade pure mycotoxins, and convert them to less harmful compounds, opening up new possibilities for study and innovation in mycotoxin detoxification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxins" title="mycotoxins">mycotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zearalenone" title=" zearalenone"> zearalenone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deoxynivalenol" title=" deoxynivalenol"> deoxynivalenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20degradation" title=" bacterial degradation"> bacterial degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163980/isolation-and-identification-of-novel-escherichia-marmotae-spp-their-enzymatic-biodegradation-of-zearalenone-and-deep-oxidation-of-deoxynivalenol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2923</span> Treatment of Cutting Oily-Wastewater by Sono-Fenton Process: Experimental Approach and Combined Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisut%20Painmanakul">Pisut Painmanakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thawatchai%20Chintateerachai"> Thawatchai Chintateerachai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supanid%20Lertlapwasin"> Supanid Lertlapwasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusara%20Rojvilavan"> Nusara Rojvilavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanun%20Chalermsinsuwan"> Tanun Chalermsinsuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattawin%20Chawaloesphonsiya"> Nattawin Chawaloesphonsiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onanong%20Larpparisudthi"> Onanong Larpparisudthi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional coagulation, advance oxidation process (AOPs), and the combined process were evaluated and compared for its suitability to treat the stabilized cutting-oil wastewater. The 90% efficiency was obtained from the coagulation at Al2(SO4)3 dosage of 150 mg/L and pH 7. On the other hands, efficiencies of AOPs for 30 minutes oxidation time were 10% for acoustic oxidation, 12% for acoustic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, 76% for Fenton, and 92% sono-Fenton processes. The highest efficiency for effective oil removal of AOPs required large amount of chemical. Therefore, AOPs were studied as a post-treatment after conventional separation process. The efficiency was considerable as the effluent COD can pass the standard required for industrial wastewater discharge with less chemical and energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20oily-wastewater" title="cutting oily-wastewater">cutting oily-wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advance%20oxidation%20process" title=" advance oxidation process"> advance oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sono-fenton" title=" sono-fenton"> sono-fenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20process" title=" combined process"> combined process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2103/treatment-of-cutting-oily-wastewater-by-sono-fenton-process-experimental-approach-and-combined-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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