CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913416d40b63fd96',cH: 'F6GTHcJcCz2hnR6_RvzhG9beL1olcIPC.mGBrGWzBzE-1739777605-1.2.1.1-MOHEG0fdYbCS2zoC70Wz.6YEN8letKQEDcgn6yvkHLqf3ZuD4D_v8klROR9Wi.WM',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=service%20design%20principle&__cf_chl_tk=_l5vcRN8C9YULaVp1SSrXKwrzHQRFv4fQcCqRyAY7E8-1739777605-1.0.1.1-VrFLUjBJqEaupbnEJl7B9PMJAF.C_iObGT.9tNNY.hY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777605',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=service%20design%20principle&__cf_chl_f_tk=_l5vcRN8C9YULaVp1SSrXKwrzHQRFv4fQcCqRyAY7E8-1739777605-1.0.1.1-VrFLUjBJqEaupbnEJl7B9PMJAF.C_iObGT.9tNNY.hY",md: "ErUh9.qGVefXVurotDqHAqWbwMJsyXdXBVTllK5T_o8-1739777605-1.2.1.1-JFPAirMPIQIARLq0HmiJu0tJiQKEephxC05rtAghi3qV1qL.oxVNiwJZMI6mL3PdjUYyjSvjmxnfa.K5pyI6zM8JV8KPWdidveLLrlf_xdiZ66VIu77FuijrxLh6AuA7zj1Eq1AZO3CBxsBV04JUgSFQ5tZUV3lBXAZBOVbhNVJ_yxN2fk2gCJkw6qSOlkYJsY45KQOoxiKcX6E9DGjH1ze6yQuHiZCw6Trya1MgLU4MAtq1TWxWk9WUjAtj3pOaN3fzjJIXEciiCkujROEyF3IjQ3lKtxx.8hLVC1YBlCpYGzKLh00ZqgJekFyQXPvYFbXjAkAJwsg.nCiZXibSsiN5RUxLu3NaTwMfC5Nh_sCRUqRJ79SxFi1W9e0IUjaCQrJI2myimT6c.5IlWuS7im2Vci6I3qewfxpfCDrXqFBbjzRT0Q8ngF_bPWnNnz4N_3C_.H_PiMNXoz5NM0zoP.3o18VypCp5cZFC2ut_43NyyZ5TnU2MEMvmHWlTiyPLpOPYbyCPbuu79m.eqMkrRfDqYtLULlpg2ZVcqXkXTrGV_8lRx34FTrqddWpaZxxvPsHq3_sffO9uqooIUBcNSe7QT.6QJVnuIEcXdg26iPY9eC30YpgHmClV8O4u..csO8YPWnHESb.EsZ5vpLjJ_ZbPGxWyzl2fPXZhkFB9JXSVxNN3dTEFjs80.s3v1G5lr3HuLbeJ5e6eEMy1jksJZuBOu6nE4M9ne.ZmFLuW0wEjjqqD5EKqeXqNlKRfmUGvymGlr7npfJma9hzTkEDvtnuNC5TUAgIWKf.cfjv1jM05_RGnz5wJE1b.mX1t.7nQ8ZEwIIMe8VPaz5t0UYyxYg0gMc_uCPh_PHvzg4g5ihT7HhBGcTvYZ9qP5TQfWXih5kmAi_cUj6ZGPLDwPASJoztoPA7fvM5Ta3IK8zMwN.l3YMkVnPejKKH70EeOkni.tMu.BHj6HYj7DjNLTgH.CxM9sYiOJkhiwacwAWRl2Uz3vvkq7Tmho7234m9JWDg6gKzerDphAIHLkkoeu9QLjNpfzkjrQV73mJLw7NKq3MQU5Ks5uhpf54GtP8rRtbGhowMUhxKmeeb0gnVtyB63FZw9kjlAQ7lYeYEPWYxMwQ52EeQ1ahk70FhzBY1Ue_mUMTzBNzsg8Ou9DwePwajMaW24855X8Vzpaz5rq.J1JDcXcmxddbuGu6xK3XvWz9_yzIP5K9GzRcKDpGvU4X8tD.VsjRntDM85A9H.Wvx.gKu6DGsMplJ0N8ALeBukhhj9yLUh0z8Erb5NPGgaCyZla2IB1v1cpRieS8rPRzcSCM0ufsUiiIbCLXgDvE8P6np8Y_j7vzoYwOvnWtyOhdXImrzxVGoBEiJaN_vwiRGNWixO0wBLkc2E9naZjZAVrh4RYbrNoOdv60D85LrgeLoGIqq1sO77Nbztr3Ka4MA5dy17hEtOn_YPYqnfFRA8Wlajsm9HbAEnyQ09iDco9AYKtiJIg50I.gbh1_tH9fTv5DybDJ053JvDuYGGTSkqR5EcvEes2JzQEDSAwdrBehO6Jk_iaK1NiqHaKhgJB4.i8pk1VhT8jUzJwzxgx13XENe4Hl70zKhzxRbTsLMCmiOJruMn_JXULyz1Ux7BCFTH.NHtBJbg0Io0gNlW4yz.WiBQx1S69JxGVt8BvU7x.ySppAMKEacwp5l1T6LXIjtkIDr5kKQYwn17wZd8ppj4NNmq6xcPdCF9NDl7OqaDtukOVCMX1J2EQPgwDo8gbG5twpg24XQVOoESXHWJ1Av7rOAHpyPD44VaonZlEUxZ1XQZRvhtMF8VTQEHh8.lv4OKguFbynTZwk1Mml3ZV4HdzqqtnWhUvaoBobXdkfjlJqCaTwqlEU2RddQpWAda5eEbqLosmnMNxi4a68uQW_te_KptfswmGzVfG711e9iEKAOrdunCy0T09S6EtDBmAovQvdZtzV_EYGfX1iSRenQ5_eFD",mdrd: "45NOgw7RfuBNCx8pWFB5G.H9JSVkPRB.hIQRM7q7KHc-1739777605-1.2.1.1-.wtoP.L9UnxYb8YZcHb_8QAXiogEqTql9U4dLDHfB8QdKHnU3YdRUYbEHSKWlfKZkLwyxIf2xkUdWIjh7WR3wOvqoU4MaDtg4vnvyl1l37WgUR1L6352mQwrb5i3grpMkUV._cnsJraag5drFFTwjvu3UCz5krorFHZboIobmPfeDXngGTVdCqc8WGQocRH0hG.iG33yAQeVU4Y0MEXXXBmiRvr56XvFVY9Kcqh3tAwOUFwrKxm_m.4YSE83IFc0vX7sFjygTR1uDN6Ebs4XaCKo7jQprbk3aqHg.HmZqdNCzaEvypnPHOn4P9xdEn3Yl2yYhYmE_4ksEACqi38AcxEqgeWZVFEiMeliiMtw8OLPw9yA7i2PV0XJ4D.dzW0qFlsRZJXEvSFy3b8DDFDIDPnOMIr64N.51u0wTye82nqFyzadCpu11D3lXJG9Zp2_ROUj6Y7wMq91rlO7IUzn1bkc6vxt8L_8guU9x.2SxtAZIoA_1AnOyEcHc0ZDYFVdJRYwzugCDGbTqPpR2qJeFh.BnNfRob56Q2GDc1zFO5JM0sLe041F9WdeHPArNTOKkG9ao9b8RaG8PwBZJMzM9fa5.iGb5JoKa.iUl2Z8h11bt.AYdde7ZRA0zKAdf2gfvuQAEGtlJfPQEx7J4l8khWqHJX3F4IQxKdTdtX5UaKTbxudhLG9VdIQkizmrXyCOwUXE9SndeWeX9S1r9X3ksVE_XLryE8k4S_6KefH4w3biebB6dvosA0r320AXQ8dP85uhcVXE3Y6BK1sRqf1oMrXZ3C1T7GeIwx4CtJuuOwTnva6zs1HsHhVZDcPFpk2GgCGGu4OUnAUps4AX15mXGR5jhJrAHMLs1HhBPPsJyVHSNcpp.fH8r5G0RS8CHIZXxPqmAkbplA2QSNYvNTjMayy.514erq9Y9foLIP.4kN7sg2lHAy8MC6p0A6r6mn_hZXDNQcyzD1h48C3bL7pT4Vs5.9WLeXlZj..SJBFMnnE1xAWJnPWI2F1W3DVvvTzw4k2NMJNStEfoN_rWPFh.D9Y9Ul0ReS2Mr79rNwKZjcnS0hx24Pkx94VoZ4ou6a8saKhDxGyIb9CQ2Lwuw1iqdH.YOngz5hPb_Fm7irz.VEJoXWtWQOjSdOUenDwsv1nrhZDHDhxyg3Fnzmkoofus05JIOkbELvqESggIxxEduxgwnJg.taNSM5WdMGdydQvGmsfAfIf4PHPICB5EvZ6km1rvlj9HjYoZgy1cb1njWyqVmOQqT8iPVlVgO72m5dQ1KASVdaVAAzku5HeOrRCmHhLcv9fAaoCssY1UhHKo0qcY1ytQJkAA0qDnAROUjAM_7rI_6a5ckcU2hgnwm6FfwQ2SI1AG_th1ZMMiEEMkfMfqKSQSz8DquUMHiAL8EimWfnCWLIr.ujBOEKeIwIlCjJuZgGfScTkXrlNz7oq3FMG2tP23TOjb2QHj6roR_h_vOXwzIeSMqErlYl21tD2ROizLlWgAKFWMk8iO6rvTr95ZF_BOlEx8zJIVV72UVts6txopGMno7tfEu8FROnPV2OhQZ.69BGgYBk04VjzeBpOUiF0NrJRhPO_uRQ6V_c56NlUpsaX35VhrNd5YN_RMyCwEVbSuqCitBs6Lu2iOZT2uhRFLvXzZpE03fW4yAx167tL_u97qNCoWcwjpGtgjLEaq43ftIT2CZsUuQVymL3Sl7nB3OgI7CiibdhhaZ367skVD5isor7TbzgJxiZcHxlVNd_VW9SpEPH47sUrmVaE3EhofCib0fLM4NFXa09TimpY_BT6X779fnD393_dposUP9YClDSIaZEUtIPqu2giNRljuZHfBV4jsDlTDbZEEvo6VSNTBFWQYOAV9tSmjXvlD4RzbbF8Ds66z0xoTxScOv74Y_rxyEAvdMuvCemIuufGTJ2XJuTIzxWQHBoKO.xZ58vuJu5NI0Gx0OjQnlpW12Rq9NS1seBssnt0avrvi"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913416d40b63fd96';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=service%20design%20principle&__cf_chl_rt_tk=_l5vcRN8C9YULaVp1SSrXKwrzHQRFv4fQcCqRyAY7E8-1739777605-1.0.1.1-VrFLUjBJqEaupbnEJl7B9PMJAF.C_iObGT.9tNNY.hY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>