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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Penyahindustrian" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Penyahindustrian" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Bacaan lanjut</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Historiografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penyahindustrian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 32 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="الاستغناء عن الصناعة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاستغناء عن الصناعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99nayesizl%C9%99%C5%9Fm%C9%99" title="Sənayesizləşmə – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sənayesizləşmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desindustrialitzaci%C3%B3" title="Desindustrialització – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Desindustrialització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrializace" title="Deindustrializace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Deindustrializace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afindustrialisering" title="Afindustrialisering – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Afindustrialisering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrialisierung" title="Deindustrialisierung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deindustrialisierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrialiseerumine" title="Deindustrialiseerumine – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Deindustrialiseerumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αποβιομηχάνιση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποβιομηχάνιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Deindustrialization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desindustrializaci%C3%B3n_(econom%C3%ADa)" title="Desindustrialización (economía) – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desindustrialización (economía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="صنعت‌زدایی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صنعت‌زدایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sindustrialisation" title="Désindustrialisation – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Désindustrialisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%ED%99%94" title="탈산업화 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탈산업화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ապաարդյունաբերականացում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ապաարդյունաբերականացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विऔद्योगीकरण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विऔद्योगीकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrijalizacija" title="Deindustrijalizacija – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deindustrijalizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrializzazione" title="Deindustrializzazione – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Deindustrializzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деиндустриализация – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Деиндустриализация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrializ%C4%81cija" title="Deindustrializācija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deindustrializācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-industrialisatie" title="De-industrialisatie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De-industrialisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E%E5%8C%96" title="空洞化 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="空洞化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezindustrializacja" title="Dezindustrializacja – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dezindustrializacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desindustrializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Desindustrialização – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desindustrialização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деиндустриализация – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деиндустриализация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deindustrialization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindustrijalizacija" title="Deindustrijalizacija – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deindustrijalizacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avindustrialisering" title="Avindustrialisering – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avindustrialisering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தொழில்மயமழிதல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொழில்மயமழிதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_c%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_h%C3%B3a" title="Phi công nghiệp hóa – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phi công nghiệp hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanayisizle%C5%9Fme" title="Sanayisizleşme – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanayisizleşme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Деіндустріалізація – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деіндустріалізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96" title="去工業化 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="去工業化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5909102#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption>Loji <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel" title="Bethlehem Steel">Bethlehem Steel</a> di Amerika Syarikat mengalami kemuflisan pada 2001, dan sejak itu telah ditukarkan kepada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sands_Casino_Resort_Bethlehem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem (laman tidak wujud)">Sands Casino</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Penyahindustrian</b> atau <b>deindustrialisasi</b> ialah satu proses perubahan <a href="/wiki/Sosial" class="mw-disambig" title="Sosial">sosial</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi">ekonomi</a> yang disebabkan oleh penyingkiran atau pengurangan keupayaan atau kegiatan <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a> di sesebuah negara atau di sesebuah rantau, terutamanya industri berat atau industri perkilangan. Ini merupakan lawan kepada <a href="/wiki/Pengindustrian" title="Pengindustrian">pengindustrian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemulihan_menganggur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemulihan menganggur (laman tidak wujud)">Pemulihan menganggur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengindustrian_semula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengindustrian semula (laman tidak wujud)">Pengindustrian semula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masyarakat_pascaindustri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masyarakat pascaindustri (laman tidak wujud)">Masyarakat pascaindustri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemerosotan_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemerosotan bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Kemerosotan bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolusi_industri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolusi industri (laman tidak wujud)">Revolusi industri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_End_of_Work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The End of Work (laman tidak wujud)">The End of Work</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Karat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Karat (laman tidak wujud)">Jalur Karat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit Belanda (laman tidak wujud)">Penyakit Belanda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Afonso, A (2005) "When the Export of Social Problems is no Longer Possible: Immigration Policies and Unemployment in Switzerland," <i> Social Policy and Administration,</i> Jil. 39, No. 6, ms. 653–668</li> <li>Baumol, W J (1967) ‘Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The Anatomy of Urban Crisis’ <i>The American Economic Review,</i> Vol. 57, No. 3</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://team.univ-paris1.fr/teamperso/boulhol/flashEN/desindusEN.pdf/">Boulhol, H (2004) ‘What is the impact of international trade on deindustrialisation in OECD countries?’ Flash No.2004-206 Paris, CDC IXIS Capital Markets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061121132950/http://team.univ-paris1.fr/teamperso/boulhol/flashEN/desindusEN.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 2006-11-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deindustrialization&action=edit&section=21">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deindustrialization&action=edit&section=21</a></li> <li>Brady, David, Jason Beckfield, dan Wei Zhao. 2007. “The Consequences of Economic Globalization for Affluent Democracies.” <i>Annual Review of Sociology</i> 33: 313-34.</li> <li>Bluestone, B. dan Harrison, B. <i>The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment and the Dismantling of Basic Industry.</i> New York: Basic Books, 1982.</li> <li>Cairncross, A (1982) 'What is deindustrialisation?' Pp. 5–17 in: Blackaby, F (Ed.) Deindustrialisation, London: Pergamon</li> <li>Cowie, J.,Heathcott, J. and Bluestone, B. <i>Beyond the Ruins: The Meanings of Deindustrialization</i> Akhbar Universiti Cornell, 2003.</li> <li>Central Intelligence Agency. 2008. <i>The CIA World Factbook</i></li> <li>Feinstein, Charles. 1999. “Structural Change in the Developed Countries During the Twentieth Century.” <i>Oxford Review of Economic Policy</i> 15: 35-55.</li> <li>Fuchs, V R (1968) <i>The Service Economy</i> New York, National Bureau of Economic Research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0042-0980&volume=28&issue=6&spage=983">Lever, W F (1991) ‘Deindustrialisation and the Reality of the Post-industrial City’ Urban Studies, Jil. 28, No. 6, ms. 983-999</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title=" Pautan mati ditandakan pada April 2012">pautan mati</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li>Goldsmith, M dan Larsen, H (2004) "Local Political Leadership: Nordic Style." <i>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</i> Jil. 28.1, ms. 121–133.</li> <li>Krugman, Paul. "Domestic Distortions and the Deindustrialization Hypothesis." NBER Working Paper 5473, NBER & Stanford University, Mac 1996.</li> <li>Kucera, D. dan Milberg, W (2003) "Deindustrialization and Changes in Manufacturing Trade: Factor Content Calculations for 1978-1995." <i>Review of World Economics</i> 2003, Vol.139(4).</li> <li>Lee, Cheol-Sung. 2005. “International Migration, Deindustrialization and Union Decline in 16 Affluent OECD Countries, 1962-1997.” <i>Social Forces</i> 84: 71-88.</li> <li>Logan, John R. dan Swanstrom, Todd. <i>Beyond City Limits: Urban Policy and Economic Restructuring in Comparative Perspective,</i> Akhbar Universiti Temple, 1990.</li> <li>Matsumoto, Gentaro. 1996. “Deindustrialization in the UK: A Comparative Analysis with Japan.” <i>International Review of Applied Economics</i> 10:273-87.</li> <li>Matthews, R C O, Feinstein, C H and Odling-Smee, J C (1982) <i>British Economic Growth</i> Akhbar Universiti Oxford</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.oecd.org/WBOS/Default.aspx">OECD Stat Extracts</a> (2008)</li> <li>Pitelis, C dan Antonakis, N (2003) ‘Manufacturing and competitiveness: the case of Greece’ <i>Journal of Economic Studies,</i> Jil. 30, No. 5, ms. 535–547</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalism.net/articles/Profit%20Inflation%20by%20the%20US%20Government.html">Reisman, G (2002) Profit Inflation by the US Government</a></li> <li>Rodger Doyle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?colID=19&articleID=00094F4E-11F8-1CD4-B4A8809EC588EEDF">Deindustrialization: Why manufacturing continues to decline</a><i>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a> magazine - Mei, 2002</i></li> <li>Rowthorn, R (1992) ‘Productivity and American Leadership – A Review…’ Review of Income and Wealth Jil. 38, No. 4</li> <li>Rowthorn, R E dan Wells, J R (1987) <i>De-industrialisation and Foreign Trade</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhbar_Universiti_Cambridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akhbar Universiti Cambridge (laman tidak wujud)">Akhbar Universiti Cambridge</a></li> <li>Rowthorn, R E dan Ramaswamy, R (1997) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues10/">Deindustrialization–Its Causes and Implications</a></i>, IMF Working Paper WP/97/42.</li> <li>Rowthorn, Robert and Ramana Ramaswamy (1999) 'Growth, Trade, and Deindustrialization' IMF Staff Papers, 46:18-41.</li> <li>Sachs, J D dan Shatz, H J (1995) ‘Trade and Jobs in US Manufacturing’ <i>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</i> No. 1</li> <li>Vicino, Thomas, J. <i>Transforming Race and Class in Suburbia: Decline in Metropolitan Baltimore.</i> New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiografi">Historiografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Historiografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Historiografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>High, Stephen. "The Wounds of Class”: A Historiographical Reflection on the Study of Deindustrialization, 1973–2013," <i>History Compass</i> (2013) 11#11 ms 994–1007; di AS dan UK; DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12099</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyahindustrian&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.praxis.ee/data/WP_17_20042.pdf">"The Qualitative Shift in European Integration: Towards Permanent Wage Pressures and a ‘Latin-Americanization’ of Europe?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927165557/http://www.praxis.ee/data/WP_17_20042.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 2007-09-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_S._Reinert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik S. Reinert (laman tidak wujud)">Erik S. 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