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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 33 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="رواية (تكنولوجيا) – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواية (تكنولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Закаляване – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закаляване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremp_de_l%27acer" title="Tremp de l'acer – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tremp de l'acer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="کوینچ کردن – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوینچ کردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalen%C3%AD" title="Kalení – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abschrecken_(Metallurgie)" title="Abschrecken (Metallurgie) – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abschrecken (Metallurgie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE_(%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Βαφή (μεταλλουργία) – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαφή (μεταλλουργία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenching" title="Quenching – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quenching" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardado" title="Hardado – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hardado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templado" title="Templado – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Templado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%87%DB%8C_(%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="آبدهی (متالورژی) – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبدهی (متالورژی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkaisu" title="Karkaisu – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karkaisu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trempe_(m%C3%A9tallurgie)" title="Trempe (métallurgie) – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trempe (métallurgie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9mpera_(metalurxia)" title="Témpera (metalurxia) – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Témpera (metalurxia)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D" title="חיסום – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיסום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljenje" title="Kaljenje – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kaljenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մխում – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մխում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattamento_di_tempra" title="Trattamento di tempra – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattamento di tempra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%BC%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C" title="焼入れ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="焼入れ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%B4%EA%B8%88%EC%A7%88" title="담금질 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="담금질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afschrikken" title="Afschrikken – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afschrikken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quencher" title="Quencher – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Quencher" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAmpera_(metalurgia)" title="Têmpera (metalurgia) – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Têmpera (metalurgia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83lire" title="Călire – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Călire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Закалка металла – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Закалка металла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljenje" title="Kaljenje – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaljenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljenje" title="Kaljenje – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaljenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C5%A1enje" title="Gašenje – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gašenje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A4ckh%C3%A4rdning" title="Släckhärdning – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Släckhärdning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Гартування – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гартування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4i_(nhi%E1%BB%87t_luy%E1%BB%87n)" title="Tôi (nhiệt luyện) – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tôi (nhiệt luyện)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%AC%E7%81%AB" title="淬火 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="淬火" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG/220px-Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG/330px-Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG/440px-Tempering_standards_used_in_blacksmithing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Aroa emandako piezek kolore desberdina hartzen dute, erabilitako tenperaturaren arabera.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aro</b>a,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>tenplaketa</b> edo <b>galda</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tratamendu termikoa da, berotze/hozte prozesu txandakatua, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleazio" title="Aleazio">aleazioei</a> ematen zaiena. Aroaren bitartez gogortasun, erresistentzia eta tenazitate handiagoa ematen zaio metalari, baina hauskorragoa ere bihurtzen da; horregatik gero <a href="/wiki/Iragotze" title="Iragotze">iragotu</a> behar izaten da.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beira" title="Beira">Beiraren</a> gogortasuna handitzeko ere erabil daiteke. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altzairuen_tratamendu_termikoak">Altzairuen tratamendu termikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Altzairuen tratamendu termikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Altzairuen tratamendu termikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png/300px-Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png/450px-Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png/600px-Steel_Fe-C_phase_diagram-eu.png 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="2350" /></a><figcaption>Burdinaz eta karbonoz osatutako altzairuak era geldoan hoztuz gero sortzen diren egitura kristalinoak, eta altzairu horien tratamendu termikoak, tenplaketak barne, prestatzerakoan kontuan izan beharreko A<sub>0</sub>, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2</sub> eta A<sub>3</sub> tenperatura kritikoak.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg/350px-TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="433" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg/525px-TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg/700px-TTT_diagrama-20201211-hozte-abiadura_konstanteko_eraldatzeak_altzairutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Altzairu bat hoztean sortzen diren egitura kristalinoak zeintzuk diren azaltzeko balio duen <i>TTT diagrama</i> (ingelesezko time-temperature-transformation diagram-etik)</figcaption></figure> <p>Altzairuen ezaugarri ezberdinak berotze eta hozte prozesuren bidez haien egitura kristalinoa aldatuz lortzen dira. Berotze eta hozte abiaduren arabera altzairua osatzen duten atomoek egitura kristalino batzuetara edo beste batzuetara egokitzeko aukera gehiago edo gutxiago dute eta, horren ondorioz, altzairua giro-tenperaturara helduta egitura kristalino batzuk osatuta egongo da, eta egitura horiei dagozkien ezaugarriak izango ditu. </p><p>Azkenean lortzen diren egitura eta ezaugarriak, berotze eta hozte abiadurez gain, altzairuan agertzen diren elementu kimikoez ere, baldintzatuta daude jakina, eta horregatik altzairu guztiei ematen zaizkien tratamenduak ez zaizkie era berdin berdinean ematen. </p><p>Tenplaketaren bidez altzairuetan lortzen diren ezaugarriak giro-tenperaturan haien egitura gehien bat <a href="/wiki/Martensita" title="Martensita">martensitaz</a> osatuta egoteagatik lortzen dira; beste egitura guztietatik berriro <a href="/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita">austenita</a> sortzeko altzairuak A<sub>c3</sub> tenperatua kritikoraino baino gorago berotuz eta gero austenita hori arin hoztuz lortzen dena gehienetan. (Kontuan izan Fe-C fase-diagraman agertzen diren tenperatura kritikoak berotze eta hozte guztiz geldoei dagozkien tenperatura teorikoak direla baina berotze normalei dagozkienak apur bat altuagoak diren A<sub>c0</sub>, A<sub>c1</sub>, A<sub>c2</sub> eta A<sub>c3</sub> tenperaturak direla eta hozte normalei dagozkienak apur bat baxuagoak diren A<sub>r0</sub>, A<sub>r1</sub>, A<sub>r2</sub> eta A<sub>r3</sub> tenperaturak; ikur horiek frantsesezko <i>chaufage</i> (berotze) eta <i>refroidissement</i> (hozte) hitzengatik sortuak direla) </p><p>Ondoan dagoen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altzairu_hipoeutektoide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altzairu hipoeutektoide (sortu gabe)">altzairu hipoeutektoide</a> baten TTT diagraman ikus daiteke hozte abiadura ezberdinekin <a href="/wiki/Altzairu" title="Altzairu">altzairu</a> horretan lortzen diren egiturak. Adibidez, ia <a href="/wiki/Martensita" title="Martensita">martensita</a> bakarrik lortzeko bizpahiru segundo baino lehenago hoztu behar da giro-tenperaturaraino eta martensita kopuru handia lortzeko hogei segundo baino lehenago. </p><p>Aurrerago esan den bezala, berotzean eta hoztean jazotzen diren eraldaketak altzairuen konposaketek eta berotze eta hozteek baldintzatuta daude eta horregatik hemen aurkeztutako diagrama bakarrik balio du zehaztutako altzairuarentzat, eta birmoldatu gura den altzairua beste osagai batzuez edo osagai berberez baina ehuneko ezberdinetan osatuta badago, hipoeutektoide bada ere, beste diagrama bat izan behar da kontuan eman gura zaion tratamendua (<i>tenplaketa</i> barne) zehazteko. </p><p>Bestalde irudian bertan ikusten da diagrama aldatzen dela hozteko moduarekin ere; bertan eraldatzeen hasierak eta amaierak marra ezberdinekin markatzen dira hozte isotermiko (altzairua arin hoztuz tenperatuta bateraino eta gero tenperatura horretan mantenduz eraldaketa guztia bete arte) edo abiadura konstanteko hozteentzat (denbora berean gradu kopuru bera jaitsiz egindakoak, diagraman lerro makurrez irudikatuta daudenak)- Beraz altzairu bat <i>tenplatzeko</i> zein tenperaturaraino berotu behar den eta zelan hoztu behar den zehazteko haren hozte diagrama kontuan izan behar da edo, hobeto esanda, haren diagrama izan ezean ere, diagramak azalduko zuen altzairuaren portaera. </p><p>Tenplatzeko hozte denbora oso txikia duten altzairuen pieza handien erdiguneak ezin dira tenplatu, ezinezkoa delako erdigune horiek behar den bezain arin hoztu; hori dela eta horrelako altzairuetan tenplatzea pieza handien kanpo azalen inguru hurbileraino bakarrik hedatu ahal da eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenplagarritasun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenplagarritasun (sortu gabe)">tenplagarritasun</a> txikikoak direla esaten da. Zenbat eta tenplatzeko hozte denbora kritikoa handiagoa izan tenplatzea piezen barrurago hedatu ahal da eta tenplatze denbora kritiko handiak dituzten altzairuak tenplagarritasun handikoak direla esaten da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prozesua">Prozesua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Prozesua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Prozesua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aroa emateko prozesuak fase bi ditu: </p> <ol><li>Berotzea: <a href="/wiki/Altzairu" title="Altzairu">altzairu</a>arekin 700-1000 °C artean erabiltzen dira.</li> <li>Hoztea: pieza <a href="/wiki/Goritasun" title="Goritasun">goria</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">uretan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olio" title="Olio">oliotan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">airean</a> edo beste likidoetan hozten da;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abiadura handiagoa edo txikiagoa izan daiteke.</li></ol> <p>Metalean operazio hau pieza gogortu edo <a href="/wiki/Mekanizatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanizatu">mekanizatu</a> eta gero egiten da, ekoizte prozesuan baino tenperatura baxuagoan berotuz. Tenperaturak agintzen du lortuko den gogortasuna, eta aleazioaren ezaugarrien eta lortu nahi den produktuaren arabera zehazten da. Adibidez: tresna gogorrenei tenperatura baxuan ematen zaie aroa; <a href="/wiki/Malguki" title="Malguki">malguki</a>ak, berriz, askoz ere tenperatura handiagoan galdatzen dira.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aroa pieza osoan eman daiteke, edo azalean bakarrik (barrualdea malguago utziz).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaur egunean, altzairuaren erabilpen klasikoaz gain, aroa beste materialei ere ematen zaio, ekoizpen prozesuan galdutako propietate mekanikoak berreskuratzeko, hala nola duraluminioaren bihurritzeko ahalmena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%22BELLOTA%22_(7885712390).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%22BELLOTA%22_%287885712390%29.jpg/220px-%22BELLOTA%22_%287885712390%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%22BELLOTA%22_%287885712390%29.jpg/330px-%22BELLOTA%22_%287885712390%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%22BELLOTA%22_%287885712390%29.jpg/440px-%22BELLOTA%22_%287885712390%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Altzairuzko pieza galdatuak.</figcaption></figure><p> Teknika hori <a href="/wiki/Burdin_Aroa" title="Burdin Aroa">Burdin Aro</a>tik erabiltzen zela gauza jakina bada ere,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lehen olagizonen prozedurei buruzko aztarna gutxi dago.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aroari buruzko lehen erreferentzia idatzia izan litekeena <a href="/wiki/Homero" title="Homero">Homero</a>ren <a href="/wiki/Odisea" title="Odisea">Odisea</a>n agertzen da.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p><i>"Borontze-langilleak, burdiñearen indarra dan otz-beroa emoteko, ur otzetan sartu oi dau aiotz edo aizkora aundi bat, kurriskada polita dagiana; erabat egoan kurrixka Kiklopearen begia be, olibondo aga-buruaren inguru" (Odisea 9:389-94).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></p></blockquote><p>Era berean, <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>n agertzen den aipu bat <a href="/wiki/Gezi" title="Gezi">gezi</a>-puntei oliotan aroa emateaz izan liteke.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halaber, <a href="/wiki/Plinio_Zaharra" title="Plinio Zaharra">Plinio Zaharra</a>k ibai desberdinetako uretan eginiko tenplatzeen aldeari buruz idatzi zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bestalde, <a href="/wiki/XV._mendea" title="XV. mendea">XV. mende</a>ra arte ez ziren aro eta iraotze prozesuak bereizi.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/XVII._mendea" title="XVII. mendea">XVII. mende</a>tik aurrera aroaren ikuspegi <a href="/wiki/Zientifiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Zientifiko">zientifiko</a>a nagusitu zen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labeak">Labeak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Labeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Labeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antzinan aroa emateko prozesua sutan metala gori-argi mailaraino berotuz (900-950 °C inguru) egiten zen; orain, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Labe" title="Labe">labeetan:</a> kutxa metalikoak dira, barruan berorik ez galtzeko material errefraktarioz estaliak. Kaxa hpriek <a href="/wiki/Erresistentzia_elektriko" title="Erresistentzia elektriko">erresistentzia elektriko</a>en bitartez berotzen dira, <a href="/wiki/Termostato" title="Termostato">termostato</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kronometro" title="Kronometro">kronometro</a> bidez kontrolaturik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eibarko-euskara.eus/node/8940">«aro | Eibarko euskara»</a> <i>www.eibarko-euskara.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLarrañaga,_Ramiro.[1981]">Larrañaga, Ramiro..  ([1981]). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9412144"><i>Síntesis histórica de la armería vasca. </i></a> Caja de Ahorros Provincial de Guipúzcoa <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/8472316297" title="Berezi:BookSources/8472316297">8472316297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=9412144">9412144</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eibarko-euskara.eus/node/8945">«arua emon | Eibarko euskara»</a> <i>www.eibarko-euskara.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAnderson1974-5">Anderson, G. W..  (1974-5). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4157600">«Salt Bath Furnaces»</a> <i>IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications</i> IA-10 (3): 340–346.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FTIA.1974.349159">10.1109/TIA.1974.349159</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0093-9994">0093-9994</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAndrews,_Jack,_1931-2013.1994">Andrews, Jack, 1931-2013..  (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/31676840"><i>New edge of the anvil : a resource book for the blacksmith. </i></a> SkipJack Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/1879535092" title="Berezi:BookSources/1879535092">1879535092</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=31676840">31676840</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vtn.es/tratamientos-termicos/">«Tratamientos térmicos»</a> <i>VTN</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMackenzie2008-06-01">Mackenzie, D. S..  (2008-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179/174951508X358437">«History of quenching»</a> <i>International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering</i> 2 (2): 68–73.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1179%2F174951508X358437">10.1179/174951508X358437</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1749-5148">1749-5148</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/819762187"><i>The Oxford companion to archaeology. </i></a> (2nd ed. argitaraldia) Oxford University Press 2012 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780199739219" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780199739219">9780199739219</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=819762187">819762187</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFForbes,_R._J._(Robert_James),_1900-1973.1971-">Forbes, R. J. (Robert James), 1900-1973..  (1971-). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1022929"><i>Studies in ancient technology,. </i></a> (2d rev. ed. argitaraldia) E.J. Brill <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9004034870" title="Berezi:BookSources/9004034870">9004034870</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1022929">1022929</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHOMERO1985">HOMERO, (Aita Onaindiaren itzulpena).  (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aitasanti.ametx.net/PDF/idazleak/Aita%20Santi%20Onaindia/Liburuak/1985/Odisea%20HOMERO.pdf"><i>Odisea. </i></a> Euzkerazaintza</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDube2008-05">Dube, R. K..  (2008-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0056-5">«Ferrous arrowheads and their oil quench hardening: Some early Indian evidence»</a> <i>JOM</i> 60 (5): 25–31.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11837-008-0056-5">10.1007/s11837-008-0056-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1047-4838">1047-4838</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVerhoeven,_John_D.,_1934-2007">Verhoeven, John D., 1934-.  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/171130881"><i>Steel metallurgy for the non-metallurgist. </i></a> ASM International <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780871708588" title="Berezi:BookSources/9780871708588">9780871708588</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=171130881">171130881</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWilliams,_Alan_(Alan_R.)2012">Williams, Alan (Alan R.).  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794328540"><i>The sword and the crucible : a history of the metallurgy of European swords up to the 16th century. </i></a> BRILL <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9789004229334" title="Berezi:BookSources/9789004229334">9789004229334</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=794328540">794328540</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVanpaemel1982">Vanpaemel, J..  (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00222126">«HISTORY OF THE HARDENING OF STEEL : SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY»</a> <i>Journal de Physique Colloques</i> 43 (C4): C4–847–C4-854.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2Fjphyscol%3A19824139">10.1051/jphyscol:19824139</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(metalurgia)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871335" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q871335">Q871335</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quenching">Quenching</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q871335%22">Q871335</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300379938">300379938</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/quenching-materials-processing">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" 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data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quenching">Quenching</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q871335%22">Q871335</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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