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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Salvador Abascal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Abascal_Infante" title="Salvador Abascal Infante – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salvador Abascal Infante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salvador Abascal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سالبادور اباسكال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سالبادور اباسكال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salvador Abascal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mexican politician (1910–2000)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Abascal</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Infante</i>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Salvador Abascal Infante</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Salvadorabascal1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Salvadorabascal1940.jpg/220px-Salvadorabascal1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Salvadorabascal1940.jpg/330px-Salvadorabascal1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Salvadorabascal1940.jpg/440px-Salvadorabascal1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1013" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Abascal, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1940</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union" title="National Synarchist Union">National Synarchist Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1940–1941</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Manuel Zermeño</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Torres_Bueno" title="Manuel Torres Bueno">Manuel Torres Bueno</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1910-05-18</span>)</span>18 May 1910<br /><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 March 2000<span style="display:none">(2000-03-30)</span> (aged 89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union" title="National Synarchist Union">National Synarchist Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Maria Guadalupe Carranza Pulido</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="17 March 1942">1942</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">12, including: <br /> Salvador Abascal Carranza <br /> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Abascal" title="Carlos Abascal">Carlos María Abascal</a> <br /> Juan Bosco Abascal Carranza</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Michoacana_de_San_Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Hidalgo" title="Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo">Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Salvador Abascal Infante</b> (18 May 1910 – 30 March 2000) was a Mexican politician and leading exponent of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_synarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican synarchism">Mexican synarchism</a>. For a time, he was the leader of the <a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union" title="National Synarchist Union">National Synarchist Union</a> (UNS). Abascal represented the orthodox <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a> tendency within the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Latin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Abascal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a> into a landowning family, Abascal was the fourth of eleven children.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partly educated at a <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a>, Abascal was sympathetic to the <a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristeros</a> from an early age.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, his father was a member of the Popular Union, the Cristero party.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of these sympathies Abascal passed through a variety of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Counterrevolutionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterrevolutionary">counterrevolutionary</a> organisations during the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He would complete his education at the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Michoacana_de_San_Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Hidalgo" title="Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo">Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo</a> where he graduated with a law degree in 1931, subsequently serving as a judge in <a href="/wiki/Ayutla,_Jalisco" title="Ayutla, Jalisco">Ayutla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was dismissed as a judge in 1933 after falling foul of local bosses when he made judgements in favour of claimants to land.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNS_leadership">UNS leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Abascal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: UNS leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a founder member of the UNS in 1937 and became an organiser in <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, before taking full charge of the movement in 1940 when it was at its peak with 500,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abascal succeeded Manuel Zermeño as leader, after Zermeño was removed from the movement for concluding an agreement with the government of <a href="/wiki/Avila_Camacho" class="mw-redirect" title="Avila Camacho">Avila Camacho</a> without securing approval of the UNS membership.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accused of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> by opponents, Abascal officially denounced the system, although he was noted for his <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also noted for his opposition to electoral politics and rejected any attempts to convert the UNS into a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead Abascal called for 'Catholic social order' as the antithesis to his two most hated ideologies - <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a> - both of which he felt were closely related.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also resisted attempts by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_G%C3%B3mez_Mor%C3%ADn" title="Manuel Gómez Morín">Manuel Gómez Morín</a> to fuse the UNS with the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> in 1939 as a result of these convictions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commune">Commune</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Abascal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An unpopular figure with moderates, he was replaced as leader by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Torres_Bueno" title="Manuel Torres Bueno">Manuel Torres Bueno</a> in 1941 and left to set up a <i>sinarquista</i> commune in <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colony, known as <i>Maria Auxiliadora</i>, was initially made up of some 86 families (450 people).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been claimed that Abascal, who stated that he was inspired by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> in his actions, was driven by <a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a> in leading his followers into what was a hostile desert climate.<sup id="cite_ref-Latin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the scheme proved unsuccessful, and by 1944, Abascal had been expelled from the <i>sinarquista</i> movement for clashing with its leadership over the failure of the colonisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Abascal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abascal1990s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abascal1990s.png/220px-Abascal1990s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abascal1990s.png/330px-Abascal1990s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abascal1990s.png/440px-Abascal1990s.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Salvador Abascal circa late-1990s</figcaption></figure> <p>He returned in 1947 and became something of a grand old figure in the movement, even being considered as a potential candidate for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">presidency</a> in 1955 (although he declined the offer).<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increasingly drawn towards <a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">integralism</a>, he set up the publishing house <i>Editorial la Tradition</i> in the late 1970s to produce works on this subject, as well as his memoirs <i>Mis Recuerdos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published his own newsletter, <i>La Hoja del Combate</i>, into the 1990s. The publication was noted for giving space to the ideas of the revisionist writer <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Borrego" title="Salvador Borrego">Salvador Borrego</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Abascal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 31, Abascal met 16 year old Maria Guadalupe Carranza Pulido while in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in 1940. They developed a courtship that lasted two years. They married on 17 March 1942, on the Sinarquist commune <i>María Auxiliadora</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-molina-wedding_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molina-wedding-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abascal had 12 children in total.<sup id="cite_ref-otravez_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otravez-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first born son, born on the sinarquist commune on 11 March 1943, was Juan Bosco Abascal Carranza. Juan Bosco would go on to be a professor of psychology, published author and a YouTube personality.<sup id="cite_ref-molina-wedding_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molina-wedding-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their second born, the late <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Abascal" title="Carlos Abascal">Carlos Abascal</a>, was the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Interior (Mexico)">Secretary of the Interior</a> in the government of <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a> whilst another son, Salvador Abascal Carranza also followed a career in politics, serving as a federal deputy from 1991 to 1994, both for the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Abascal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Latin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Latin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Latin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Bethell, <i>The Cambridge History of Latin America</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 411</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J.W. Sherman, <i>The Mexican right: the end of revolutionary reform, 1929-1940</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997, p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rees-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rees" title="Philip Rees">Philip Rees</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Dictionary_of_the_Extreme_Right_Since_1890" title="Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890">Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890</a></i>, 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.J. Ard, <i>An eternal struggle: how the National Action Party transformed Mexican politics</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roderic Ai Camp, <i>Mexican Political Biographies, 1935-2009</i>, University of Texas Press, 2011, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein Ugelvik Larsen, <i>Fascism Outside Europe</i>, Columbia University Press, 2001, p. 620</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Bartra, <i>Blood, ink, and culture: miseries and splendors of the post-Mexican condition</i>, Duke University Press, 2002, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ard, <i>An eternal struggle</i>, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.H.L. Schlarman, <i>Mexico - A Land of Volcanoes from Cortes to Aleman</i>, Read Books, 2007, p. 620</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive1/mexico/index.htm">Mexico</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130720015857/http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive1/mexico/index.htm">Archived</a> 2013-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, profile at axt.org.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-molina-wedding-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-molina-wedding_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-molina-wedding_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSoto_Molina2016" class="citation journal cs1">Soto Molina, Jose (24 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tendenciaelartedeviajar.com/en/2016/02/history/salvador-abascal-y-guadalupe-carranza-wedding-in-exile/">"Salvador Abascal y Guadalupe Carranza Wedding in Exile – Tendencia Magazine"</a>. <i>Tendencia Magazine</i> (Weddings 24)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tendencia+Magazine&rft.atitle=Salvador+Abascal+y+Guadalupe+Carranza+Wedding+in+Exile+%E2%80%93+Tendencia+Magazine&rft.issue=Weddings+24&rft.date=2016-02-24&rft.aulast=Soto+Molina&rft.aufirst=Jose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftendenciaelartedeviajar.com%2Fen%2F2016%2F02%2Fhistory%2Fsalvador-abascal-y-guadalupe-carranza-wedding-in-exile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalvador+Abascal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-otravez-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-otravez_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanginés2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sanginés, Pedro Salmerón (28 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornada.com.mx/2020/07/28/opinion/018a1pol">"La Jornada: Otra vez los Abascal"</a>. <i>www.jornada.com.mx</i> (in Mexican Spanish). La Jornada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.jornada.com.mx&rft.atitle=La+Jornada%3A+Otra+vez+los+Abascal&rft.date=2020-07-28&rft.aulast=Sangin%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Pedro+Salmer%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.com.mx%2F2020%2F07%2F28%2Fopinion%2F018a1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalvador+Abascal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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