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true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":115414372,"created_at":"2024-02-25T16:07:06.496-08:00","from_world_paper_id":250462295,"updated_at":"2025-01-31T15:22:54.164-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","ai_title_tag":"Late Miocene Climate and Vegetation in Bulgaria","grobid_abstract":"Late Miocene sediments from the Sandanski Basin in southwest Bulgaria are studied by means of the spore and pollen analysis. Vegetation in the studied basin is described and its dynamics and development are traced out. The main vegetation types are distinguished. The flora of this time interval was characterized by a change in the structure of communities and of the dominant species. Quercus, Castanea, Corylus, Ulmus, and Carya used to prevail in the composition of mesophytic forest paleocoenoses. Paleogeographic and climatic changes at the beginning of late Miocene had determined the emergence of suitable conditions for a broader participation of herbaceous coenoses. The first herbaceous coenoses were comparatively poor in their taxonomic composition, which became enriched for the first time in the late Tortonian. The traced-out dynamics of paleoclimatic data testify to notable climatic changes. The beginning of the late Miocene witnessed a certain drying and slight cooling, resulting in a moderately warm climate. It had a distinct seasonality with respect to temperature and precipitation.","publication_date":"2015,10,1","publication_name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"111827227"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Climate and vegetation change during the late Miocene in southwest Bulgaria based on pollen data from the Sandanski Basin","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [5909529]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":111827227,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Climate and vegetation change during the late Miocene in southwest Bulgaria based on pollen data from the Sandanski Basin”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/111827227/mini_magick20240226-1-rg103c.png?1708906126" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Climate and vegetation change during the late Miocene in southwest Bulgaria based on pollen data from the Sandanski Basin</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov"><img alt="Profile image of Dimiter Ivanov" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 115414372; 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Vegetation in the studied basin is described and its dynamics and development are traced out. The main vegetation types are distinguished. The flora of this time interval was characterized by a change in the structure of communities and of the dominant species. Quercus, Castanea, Corylus, Ulmus, and Carya used to prevail in the composition of mesophytic forest paleocoenoses. Paleogeographic and climatic changes at the beginning of late Miocene had determined the emergence of suitable conditions for a broader participation of herbaceous coenoses. The first herbaceous coenoses were comparatively poor in their taxonomic composition, which became enriched for the first time in the late Tortonian. The traced-out dynamics of paleoclimatic data testify to notable climatic changes. The beginning of the late Miocene witnessed a certain drying and slight cooling, resulting in a moderately warm climate. It had a distinct seasonality with respect to temperature and precipitation.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":111827227,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/115414372/Climate_and_vegetation_change_during_the_late_Miocene_in_southwest_Bulgaria_based_on_pollen_data_from_the_Sandanski_Basin"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":111827227,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/115414372/Climate_and_vegetation_change_during_the_late_Miocene_in_southwest_Bulgaria_based_on_pollen_data_from_the_Sandanski_Basin"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The basin is relatively well known in terms of geology and palaeogeography. The age of sediments in the Tundzha Basin ranges between the late Miocene to the Pliocene, based on mammal and diatom fossils. We carried out a palynological analysis of clayey sediments interlayered with coal beds from four cores and from one outcrop, aiming to obtain information about the composition and the structure of fossil vegetation. The ratios between the main floristic elements and the composition of the fossil flora are analysed and discussed from a palaeoecological point of view. Several main vegetation palaeocommunities were recorded: swamp forests, mixed mesophytic, communities of aquatic plants, and herbaceous palaeocoenoses. The changes in vegetation and in plant diversity are identified. The palaeoclimate analysis indicates a warm temperature climate with high rainfall and mild winter temperatures, without seasonal drier conditions. The early Pontian climate was about 3-4°C warmer than today, with rainfalls per year at least 300 mm higher than today. The results of palaeoecological analysis of the flora and of the quantitative palaeoclimate data show that the climate in the Southeast Bulgaria indicates a climate change towards slight cooling and some drying. This event is consistent with the period of accumulation of the upper, undivided part of the Elhovo Formation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Past climate and vegetation in Southeast Bulgaria — a study based on the late Miocene pollen record from the Tundzha Basin","attachmentId":91973201,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87871137/Past_climate_and_vegetation_in_Southeast_Bulgaria_a_study_based_on_the_late_Miocene_pollen_record_from_the_Tundzha_Basin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87871137/Past_climate_and_vegetation_in_Southeast_Bulgaria_a_study_based_on_the_late_Miocene_pollen_record_from_the_Tundzha_Basin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="4660916" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660916/Late_Eocene_to_early_Miocene_climate_and_vegetation_of_Bulgaria">Late Eocene to early Miocene climate and vegetation of Bulgaria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov">Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Bulgarian Palaeogene flora reveals important information concerning floristic transformation and climatic change in southeastern Europe. After the Eocene/Oligocene transition, an invasion of arctotertiary floristic elements took place in the European vegetation. This climatically forced, gradual change from a palaeotropical to an arctotertiary type of vegetation is well reflected in the Bulgarian floras. In the present paper, we analyze 12 palaeofloras covering the time span from the late Eocene to the early Miocene from a palaeoecological and palaeoeclimatic viewpoint. The vegetation change in the Palaeogene was triggered by both global climatic evolution and regional patterns generated by a changing palaeogeography. The signals from both processes are obviously overlapping and in some cases make it impossible to separate their imprints. Hygromesophytic forests without arctotertiary floristic elements still played the major role in the zonal vegetation in the late Eocene. No significant change in vegetation cover at the Eocene/Oligocene transition is apparent, and hygrophytic to hygromesophytic palaeocoenoses and oak-laurel forests dominated the palaeovegetation. Mesophytic to mesoxerophytic communities became important in the early Oligocene, along with the decrease of hydrophytic to hygromesophytic formations. A similar picture is obtained for the late Oligocene, but deciduous arctotertiary elements then reached a higher proportion for the first time. The climatic evolution is more or less consistent with the observed vegetation changes. Warm-temperate conditions persisted throughout this time span, but they show a cooling trend in the late Oligocene, most probably an imprint of global climatic cooling at that time. With respect to changing palaeogeographical patterns, the regressive trend during the early Oligocene is contemporaneous with a slight decrease in annual precipitation. Xerophytic phytocoenoses are reported from most of the sites, but climatic data supporting the existence of such associations are reconstructed only for the Bourgas and Borovets floras. In all the other floras, the majority of taxa indicate that no really dry season existed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Late Eocene to early Miocene climate and vegetation of Bulgaria","attachmentId":32003683,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4660916/Late_Eocene_to_early_Miocene_climate_and_vegetation_of_Bulgaria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660916/Late_Eocene_to_early_Miocene_climate_and_vegetation_of_Bulgaria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4660913" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660913/Late_Miocene_Palaeoclimate_and_Ecosystem_Dynamics_in_Southwestern_Bulgaria_A_Study_Based_on_Pollen_Data_from_the_Gotse_Delchev_Basin_G%C3%BCneybat%C4%B1_Bulgaristan_Ge%C3%A7_Miyosen_Paleoiklimi_ve_Ekosistem_Dinamikleri_Gotse_Delchev_Havzas%C4%B1ndan_Polen_Verilerine_Dayal%C4%B1_Bir_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma">Late Miocene Palaeoclimate and Ecosystem Dynamics in Southwestern Bulgaria − A Study Based on Pollen Data from the Gotse-Delchev Basin Güneybatı Bulgaristan Geç Miyosen Paleoiklimi ve Ekosistem Dinamikleri – Gotse-Delchev Havzasından Polen Verilerine Dayalı Bir Çalışma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov">Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A profi le 63 m thick in the Late Miocene in the Gotse-Dechev Basin (SW Bulgaria) was sampled for pollen analysis in the Kanina opencast mine. Th e exposed sequence comprises a basal unit with brown coal-clay cycles and clayey/siliciclastic cover layers partly representing a lacustrine facies. A total of 60 pollen samples were analysed, but quantitative data are confi ned to 30 polleniferous samples.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Late Miocene Palaeoclimate and Ecosystem Dynamics in Southwestern Bulgaria − A Study Based on Pollen Data from the Gotse-Delchev Basin Güneybatı Bulgaristan Geç Miyosen Paleoiklimi ve Ekosistem Dinamikleri – Gotse-Delchev Havzasından Polen Verilerine Dayalı Bir Çalışma","attachmentId":32003672,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4660913/Late_Miocene_Palaeoclimate_and_Ecosystem_Dynamics_in_Southwestern_Bulgaria_A_Study_Based_on_Pollen_Data_from_the_Gotse_Delchev_Basin_G%C3%BCneybat%C4%B1_Bulgaristan_Ge%C3%A7_Miyosen_Paleoiklimi_ve_Ekosistem_Dinamikleri_Gotse_Delchev_Havzas%C4%B1ndan_Polen_Verilerine_Dayal%C4%B1_Bir_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660913/Late_Miocene_Palaeoclimate_and_Ecosystem_Dynamics_in_Southwestern_Bulgaria_A_Study_Based_on_Pollen_Data_from_the_Gotse_Delchev_Basin_G%C3%BCneybat%C4%B1_Bulgaristan_Ge%C3%A7_Miyosen_Paleoiklimi_ve_Ekosistem_Dinamikleri_Gotse_Delchev_Havzas%C4%B1ndan_Polen_Verilerine_Dayal%C4%B1_Bir_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="22276504" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22276504/Late_Miocene_Palaeoclimate_and_Ecosystem_Dynamics_in_Southwestern_Bulgaria_A_Study_Based_on_Pollen_Data_from_the_Gotse_Delchev_Basin">Late Miocene Palaeoclimate and Ecosystem Dynamics in Southwestern Bulgaria− A Study Based on Pollen Data from the Gotse-Delchev Basin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43460395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirBozukov">Vladimir S Bozukov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Turkish Journal of …, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: A profile 63 m thick in the Late Miocene in the Gotse-Dechev Basin (SW Bulgaria) was sampled for pollen analysis in the Kanina opencast mine. The exposed sequence comprises a basal unit with brown coal-clay cycles and clayey/siliciclastic cover layers ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Late Miocene Palaeoclimate and Ecosystem Dynamics in Southwestern Bulgaria− A Study Based on Pollen Data from the Gotse-Delchev Basin","attachmentId":42925464,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22276504/Late_Miocene_Palaeoclimate_and_Ecosystem_Dynamics_in_Southwestern_Bulgaria_A_Study_Based_on_Pollen_Data_from_the_Gotse_Delchev_Basin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22276504/Late_Miocene_Palaeoclimate_and_Ecosystem_Dynamics_in_Southwestern_Bulgaria_A_Study_Based_on_Pollen_Data_from_the_Gotse_Delchev_Basin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="4660915" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660915/Late_Miocene_flora_from_SE_Bulgaria_vegetation_landscape_and_climate_reconstruction">Late Miocene flora from SE Bulgaria: vegetation, landscape and climate reconstruction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42318457" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaKoleva2">Elena Koleva</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov">Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Neogene sediments of Southeast Bulgaria are poorly studied in terms of palaeobotany. This paper provides new data about the macro-and microflora from the upper undivided part of the Elhovo Formation (Toundzha Basin). Data from current palaeobotanical study contribute to the elucidation of evolution of the local and regional Late Miocene flora, vegetation patterns, palaeoecological peculiarities, and palaeogeography of the Balkan Peninsula. The taxonomic composition of the fossil flora includes 33 species identified as leaf imprints/carpo remains, and 47 palynomorph taxa. On the basis of palaeoecological analysis we suggest the development of riparian forests, mesophytic and xeromesophytic forests, herbaceous and hydrophyllous communities. Calculations of the quantitative climate data indicate a warm temperate climate, with mean annual temperature of 14.4-15.8 °C and annual precipitation over 800 mm.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Late Miocene flora from SE Bulgaria: vegetation, landscape and climate reconstruction","attachmentId":32003675,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4660915/Late_Miocene_flora_from_SE_Bulgaria_vegetation_landscape_and_climate_reconstruction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660915/Late_Miocene_flora_from_SE_Bulgaria_vegetation_landscape_and_climate_reconstruction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12971232" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12971232/Cyclic_climate_and_vegetation_change_in_the_late_Miocene_of_Western_Bulgaria">Cyclic climate and vegetation change in the late Miocene of Western Bulgaria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32172310" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TorstenUtescher">Torsten Utescher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A late Miocene paludal to lacustrine sequence from a carbonate basin in NW Bulgaria (Staniantsi Basin) is analysed displaying up to 27 rhythmically bedded sedimentary cycles. In the lower part of the sequence, the cycles consist of alternating autochthonous brown coal and marls containing diverse mollusc assemblages. The upper part of the sequence is characterized by alternating dark to light grey clays and calcareous silts. A palynomorph record comprising 163 samples is analysed by statistical means to reconstruct vegetation changes. The Coexistence Approach is used to calculate quantitative palaeoclimate records for 6 parameters. The studied section displays hierarchical cyclicity patterns. Longer-term cycles possibly related to eccentricity (period~100 kyr) are present in the palynomorph record and show climate changes of warmer/wetter and cooler/drier periods in combination with frequency oscillations of thermophilous elements. Short-term cycles most probably related to precession (period~21.7 kyr) are expressed by alternations of brown coal and marl/shell beds and show cyclic change in peat-forming vegetation related to oscillations of the groundwater level. As a triggering mechanism, wetter/warmer and drier/cooler climate phases related to orbital precession are probable. In addition, sections sampled at high resolution display small scale climate and vegetational variability. As is shown by the analysis ferns were an important component of the peat-forming vegetation, while outside the mire, a wetland vegetation consisting of pioneers and a mixed mesophytic forest with evergreen shrubs existed. An oligo-to mesotrophic slightly alkaline lake became repeatedly established with a diverse mollusc fauna and a dense hydrophytic vegetation with characean meadows. In the upper part of the section, a spreading of herbaceous vegetation is observed, also known from other contemporaneaous palynomorph records in Bulgaria and surrounding areas. The increase of Asteraceae in the upper part of the section, combined with a marked decrease in woody taxa, points to an opening of habitats and a decrease in mean annual precipitation. This trend is paralleled by the mollusc fauna which yields several terrestrial, partly xerophilous taxa.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cyclic climate and vegetation change in the late Miocene of Western Bulgaria","attachmentId":45815591,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12971232/Cyclic_climate_and_vegetation_change_in_the_late_Miocene_of_Western_Bulgaria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12971232/Cyclic_climate_and_vegetation_change_in_the_late_Miocene_of_Western_Bulgaria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="22276525" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22276525/Vegetation_structure_and_dynamics_in_the_late_Miocene_of_Staniantsi_Basin_west_Bulgaria_First_results">Vegetation structure and dynamics in the late Miocene of Staniantsi Basin (west Bulgaria). First results</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43460395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirBozukov">Vladimir S Bozukov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences Sciences Mathematiques Et Naturelles, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">First results of palynological studies on Neogene freshwater deposits of Staniantsi Basin (West Bulgaria, SE Europe) are presented. The basin is relatively poorly known with respect to different points of view in geosciences. The age of sediments in Staniantsi Basin covers the time span from the late Miocene to the Pliocene as available geological data and mammal fauna prove it. We carried out palynological analysis on brown coal and clayey sediments above the coal layer exposed in the open pit mine aiming to obtain data about the composition and structure of the fossil vegetation. The ratios between the main floristic elements and the composition of the fossil flora have been palaeoecologically analysed and discussed. The main vegetation palaeocommunities which existed during the fossilization process were characterized: Mixed mesophytic forests dominated by Betula and Ulmus in the lower part of the section, and by Quercus, Fagus and Ulmus in the upper part, swamp vegetation with high proportion of ferns (Osmunda and Polypodiaceae), communities of aquatic plants, and herbaceous palaeocoenoses. Herbaceous plants are well represented in all pollen spectra, but sharply increased at the top of the profile.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Vegetation structure and dynamics in the late Miocene of Staniantsi Basin (west Bulgaria). First results","attachmentId":42925474,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22276525/Vegetation_structure_and_dynamics_in_the_late_Miocene_of_Staniantsi_Basin_west_Bulgaria_First_results","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22276525/Vegetation_structure_and_dynamics_in_the_late_Miocene_of_Staniantsi_Basin_west_Bulgaria_First_results"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="115414373" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115414373/New_pollen_data_for_the_subdivision_of_Late_Miocene_sediments_from_Karlovo_Basin_Central_Bulgaria">New pollen data for the subdivision of Late Miocene sediments from Karlovo Basin, Central Bulgaria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov">Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Phytologia Balcanica: International Journal of Balkan Flora and Vegetation, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A new palynological study of the sediments from two borehole drillings in the east of the Karlovo Basin has been carried out. The investigated materials originate from grey-bluish and grey-greenish clays, as well as from diatomaceous clays above the main coal horizon. The pollen zones have been established on the basis of well-marked changes in the proportion of main components of the pollen spectra supported by cluster analysis. They correspond to the vegetation dynamics, changes in the hydrological regime of the water basin and local climatic conditions, and could be regarded as regional character zones for the Karlovo Late Miocene Basin (Central Bulgaria). Thus the main trends in vegetation dynamics for the period are outlined. The new data obtained on palaeovegetation and floristic changes are discussed and compared with the earlier palynological studies of the western part of the basin.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New pollen data for the subdivision of Late Miocene sediments from Karlovo Basin, Central Bulgaria","attachmentId":111827191,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115414373/New_pollen_data_for_the_subdivision_of_Late_Miocene_sediments_from_Karlovo_Basin_Central_Bulgaria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115414373/New_pollen_data_for_the_subdivision_of_Late_Miocene_sediments_from_Karlovo_Basin_Central_Bulgaria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4660922" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660922/Late_Oligocene_and_Miocene_climate_and_vegetation_in_the_Eastern_Paratethys_area_northeast_Bulgaria_based_on_pollen_data">Late Oligocene and Miocene climate and vegetation in the Eastern Paratethys area (northeast Bulgaria), based on pollen data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov">Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The results of palynological studies of the Oligo-Miocene in the western part of the Euxinian Basin (Eastern Paratethys) are based on the analysis of 57 samples from core C-136A drilled near the town of Balchik, Varna district. Some samples were barren or contained very little pollen and were not included in the analysis. Quantitative data are thus confined to 26 polleniferous samples. We present results for the Upper Oligocene as well as the Tarkhanian, Karaganian, Bessarabian, and Chersonian stages of the middle to upper Miocene.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Late Oligocene and Miocene climate and vegetation in the Eastern Paratethys area (northeast Bulgaria), based on pollen data","attachmentId":49709173,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4660922/Late_Oligocene_and_Miocene_climate_and_vegetation_in_the_Eastern_Paratethys_area_northeast_Bulgaria_based_on_pollen_data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4660922/Late_Oligocene_and_Miocene_climate_and_vegetation_in_the_Eastern_Paratethys_area_northeast_Bulgaria_based_on_pollen_data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="115414363" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115414363/Middle_Miocene_Badenian_vegetation_and_climate_dynamics_in_Bulgaria_and_Poland_based_on_pollen_data">Middle Miocene (Badenian) vegetation and climate dynamics in Bulgaria and Poland based on pollen data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5909529" href="https://bas.academia.edu/DIvanov">Dimiter Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Miocene represents a time in Eurasia when evergreen and thermophilous dominated Paleogene vegetation was replaced by deciduous and temperate plants. Climatically, it is the transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world, with the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum as the last warm episode of Earth history. Processes of plant evolution, transformation of vegetation and coenotic structure were significantly forced by both, changes in the global climate system, and also by significant palaeogeographic reorganizations. To give new insight in the middle Miocene evolution of European ecosystems and climate dynamics, we compared plant assemblages from northern Bulgaria and southern Poland (southern Paratethyan and Polish Lowlands realms). Based on palaeoecological analysis the main palaeocommunities are distinguished in hygro-hydrophytic herbaceous palaeocoenoses (reed marshes), hygrophytic forest palaeocoenoses (swamp forest and bush swamp), riparian forests, and mixed mesophytic forests. Despite some differences in taxonomic composition of these fossil floras and the proportion of individual taxa the vegetation shows similar composition and trends through time. The main trend in the vegetation dynamics is a general decrease in the abundance of palaeotropic and thermophilous elements of semi-evergreen forests. Together with these changes is a corresponding increase in the role of arctotertiary species in plant communities, and these plants became dominant in the mesophytic forests. Changes in swamp vegetation are climatically related too, but these reflect mainly local environmental dynamics and changes in inundation of the basin. Climate data from Bulgaria and Poland lack significant latitudinal climate gradient, thus confirming more or less homogenous climatic conditions within Europe in the middle Miocene.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Middle Miocene (Badenian) vegetation and climate dynamics in Bulgaria and Poland based on pollen data","attachmentId":111827226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115414363/Middle_Miocene_Badenian_vegetation_and_climate_dynamics_in_Bulgaria_and_Poland_based_on_pollen_data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115414363/Middle_Miocene_Badenian_vegetation_and_climate_dynamics_in_Bulgaria_and_Poland_based_on_pollen_data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":111827227,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":111827227,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_111827227" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="30978667" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30978667/Late_Miocene_Flora_from_Karlovo_Basin_Southern_Bulgaria_New_Floristic_and_Palaeoecological_Data">Late Miocene Flora from Karlovo Basin (Southern Bulgaria). 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