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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sõna_päritolu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sõna_päritolu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sõna päritolu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sõna_päritolu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperatuuri_mõõtmise_ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperatuuri_mõõtmise_ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Temperatuuri mõõtmise ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperatuuri_mõõtmise_ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liigitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liigitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liigitus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liigitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termomeetrite_skaalad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termomeetrite_skaalad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Termomeetrite skaalad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Termomeetrite_skaalad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Termomeetrite skaalad"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Termomeetrite_skaalad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fahrenheiti_skaala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fahrenheiti_skaala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fahrenheiti skaala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fahrenheiti_skaala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Réaumuri_skaala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Réaumuri_skaala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Réaumuri skaala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Réaumuri_skaala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celsiuse_skaala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celsiuse_skaala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Celsiuse skaala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celsiuse_skaala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelvini_skaala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelvini_skaala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Kelvini skaala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelvini_skaala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankine'i_skaala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankine'i_skaala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Rankine'i skaala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankine'i_skaala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rahvusvaheline_temperatuuriskaala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rahvusvaheline_temperatuuriskaala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Rahvusvaheline temperatuuriskaala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rahvusvaheline_temperatuuriskaala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klaastermomeeter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klaastermomeeter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Klaastermomeeter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klaastermomeeter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manomeetriline_termomeeter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manomeetriline_termomeeter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Manomeetriline termomeeter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manomeetriline_termomeeter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dilatomeetriline_termomeeter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dilatomeetriline_termomeeter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dilatomeetriline termomeeter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dilatomeetriline_termomeeter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termoelektriline_termomeeter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termoelektriline_termomeeter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Termoelektriline termomeeter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termoelektriline_termomeeter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Termomeeter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 101 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="थर्मामीटर – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="थर्मामीटर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="مقياس الحرارة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقياس الحرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Termometro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B3metru" title="Termómetru – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Termómetru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27epytu_ra%27%C3%A3ha" title="Mba'epytu ra'ãha – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'epytu ra'ãha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stilik%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C9%99n" title="İstilikölçən – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstilikölçən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangka_suhu" title="Jangka suhu – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jangka suhu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="থার্মোমিটার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থার্মোমিটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un-t%C5%8D%CD%98-k%C3%A8" title="Un-tō͘-kè – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Un-tō͘-kè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Термометр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Тэрмометр – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрмометр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Термометър – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Термометър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B2metre" title="Termòmetre – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Termòmetre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukodinit" title="Sukodinit – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sukodinit" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplom%C4%9Br" title="Teploměr – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teploměr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermomedr" title="Thermomedr – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thermomedr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermometer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadoh_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_hak%CA%BCaz_nei%C5%82kid%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Hadoh dóó hakʼaz neiłkidígíí – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hadoh dóó hakʼaz neiłkidígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Θερμόμετρο – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμόμετρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermometer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B3metro" title="Termómetro – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Termómetro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termometro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Termometro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC" title="دماسنج – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دماسنج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermom%C3%A8tre" title="Thermomètre – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thermomètre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teirmim%C3%A9adar" title="Teirmiméadar – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teirmiméadar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempreilyssane" title="Tempreilyssane – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tempreilyssane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B3metro" title="Termómetro – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Termómetro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%95" title="ઉષ્ણતામાપક – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉષ્ણતામાપક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84%EA%B3%84" title="온도계 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="온도계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%27urar_Awon_Yanayi" title="Na'urar Awon Yanayi – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Na'urar Awon Yanayi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Ջերմաչափ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմաչափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="तापमापी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तापमापी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Termometar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Termometro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitam%C3%A6lir" title="Hitamælir – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hitamælir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Termometro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D" title="מדחום – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדחום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rmom%C3%A8ter" title="Tèrmomèter – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tèrmomèter" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8" title="ಉಷ್ಣಮಾಪನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಷ್ಣಮಾಪನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="თერმომეტრი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თერმომეტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="تھرمامیٹر – kašmiiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تھرمامیٹر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B2m%C3%A9ter" title="Termòméter – kašuubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Termòméter" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašuubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Термометр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Термометр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipimajoto" title="Kipimajoto – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipimajoto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8mom%C3%A8t" title="Tèmomèt – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tèmomèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germp%C3%AEv" title="Germpîv – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germpîv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometrum" title="Thermometrum – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thermometrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometrs" title="Termometrs – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Termometrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometras" title="Termometras – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Termometras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provin" title="Provin – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Provin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91m%C3%A9r%C5%91" title="Hőmérő – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hőmérő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Топломер – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Топломер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="താപമാപിനി – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപമാപിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="თერმომეტრი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თერმომეტრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Термометр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="သာမိုမီတာ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သာမိုမီတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thermometer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="तापमापी – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तापमापी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="थर्मोमिटर – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थर्मोमिटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="温度計 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="温度計" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termom%C3%A8tre" title="Termomètre – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Termomètre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଥର୍ମୋମିଟର – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଥର୍ମୋମିଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometr" title="Termometr – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Termometr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਥਰਮਾਮੀਟਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਰਮਾਮੀਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B2meter" title="Termòmeter – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Termòmeter" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometr" title="Termometr – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Termometr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%B4metro" title="Termômetro – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Termômetro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometru" title="Termometru – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Termometru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Термометр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometri" title="Termometri – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Termometri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thermometer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplomer" title="Teplomer – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teplomer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8E%D9%88" title="گەرمیپێو – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەرمیپێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Термометар – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Термометар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Termometar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9rmom%C3%A9ter" title="Térmométer – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Térmométer" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mp%C3%B6mittari" title="Lämpömittari – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämpömittari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Termometer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="வெப்பமானி – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பமானி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="ఉష్ణమాపకం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉష్ణమాపకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เทอร์มอมิเตอร์ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทอร์มอมิเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_k%E1%BA%BF" title="Nhiệt kế – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt kế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7" title="Дамосанҷ – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дамосанҷ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%9F%E1%8E%B6%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ – tšerokii" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="tšerokii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometre" title="Termometre – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Termometre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Термометр – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Термометр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7" title="حر پیما – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حر پیما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termomete" title="Termomete – vallooni" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Termomete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Termometro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%A1" title="温度计 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="温度计" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="溫度計 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溫度計" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="溫度計 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溫度計" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q646#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><p><b>Termomeeter</b> on <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5%C3%B5teriist" title="Mõõteriist">mõõteriist</a>, millega mõõdetakse temperatuure. Temperatuuri mõõtmiseks peab termomeeter olema viidud mõõdetava objektiga soojuslikku kontakti. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG/220px-Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG/330px-Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG/440px-Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="1927" /></a><figcaption>Kraadiklaas (elavhõbetermomeeter)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sõna_päritolu"><span id="S.C3.B5na_p.C3.A4ritolu"></span>Sõna päritolu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Sõna päritolu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Sõna päritolu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sõna võttis <a href="/wiki/Prantsuse_keel" title="Prantsuse keel">prantsuskeelsena</a> (<i>thermometre</i>, praeguses kirjaviisis <i>thermomètre</i>) <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a> kasutusele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Leur%C3%A9chon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Leuréchon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jean Leuréchon</a>. Ta moodustas need <a href="/wiki/Vanakreeka_keel" title="Vanakreeka keel">vanakreeka</a> sõnadest <i>thermos</i> 'soe' ja <i>metron</i> 'mõõt'. </p><p>Üldkeeles nimetatakse termomeetrit kraadiklaasiks.<sup id="cite_ref-EKSS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EKSS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperatuuri_mõõtmise_ajalugu"><span id="Temperatuuri_m.C3.B5.C3.B5tmise_ajalugu"></span>Temperatuuri mõõtmise ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Temperatuuri mõõtmise ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Temperatuuri mõõtmise ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Galileo_thermometer02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Galileo_thermometer02.jpg/220px-Galileo_thermometer02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Galileo_thermometer02.jpg/330px-Galileo_thermometer02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Galileo_thermometer02.jpg/440px-Galileo_thermometer02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Galileo termomeeter</figcaption></figure> <p>On teada, et õhutemperatuuri erinevusi mõõtis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoskoop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoskoop (pole veel kirjutatud)">õhktermoskoobiga</a> <a href="/wiki/4._sajand_eKr" title="4. sajand eKr">4. sajandil eKr</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philo (pole veel kirjutatud)">Philo</a> Bütsantsist ja <a href="/wiki/3._sajand_eKr" title="3. sajand eKr">3. sajandil eKr</a> ehitas <a href="/wiki/Ctesibius" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctesibius">Ctesibius</a> vedeliktermoskoobi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> ehitas oma temperatuuri mõõtmise seadme umbes <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>. aastal. Sellel ajal nimetati seda seadet õhk<a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoskoop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoskoop (pole veel kirjutatud)">termoskoobiks</a>. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>. aastal kalibreeris Galilei termoskoobi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanctorius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanctorius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sanctorius</a>, võttes miinimumpunktiks lume sulamise ja maksimumiks küünla leegi temperatuuri. Esimesed teated vesitermomeetrist pärinevad aastast <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>, selleks on Jan Rey vedeliktermobaromeeter. Alkohol- ehk piiritustermomeetri valmistas <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>. aastal Toscana hertsog <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II" title="Ferdinand II">Ferdinand II</a>. Elavhõbetermomeeter on olemas <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>. aastast. Aastal <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a> valmistas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubin (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hubin</a> elavhõbe-vasknitraattermomeetri. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>. aastal katsetas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillaume_Amontons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillaume Amontons (pole veel kirjutatud)">Guillaume Amontonsi</a> oma kolme vedeliktermomeetrit. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>. aastal fikseeris taanlane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ole_Christensen_R%C3%B8mer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ole Christensen Rømer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ole Christensen Rømer</a> termomeetri püsipunktid, milleks on vee keemine, mis võrdub 60 ühikuga, ja vee külmumine, mis on võrdne −75 ühikuga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liigitus">Liigitus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Liigitus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Liigitus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termomeetreid eristatakse nii ehituse kui temperatuuri mõõtmise tehnika poolest. Termomeetreid võib liigitada järgmiselt: </p> <ul><li>klaastermomeetrid (vedeliktermomeetrid),</li> <li>manomeetrilised termomeetrid,</li> <li>dilatomeetrilised termomeetrid,</li> <li>termoelektrilised termomeetrid,</li> <li>kiirgustermomeetrid (püromeetrid),</li> <li>bimetalltermomeetrid.</li></ul> <p>Termomeetrid, mis säilitavad pärast seadistamist esinenud miinimum- või maksimumnäidu, on vastavalt miinimum- ja maksimumtermomeetrid. Maksimumtermomeeter on ka inimese ja loomade kehatemperatuuri mõõtmiseks mõeldud <a href="/wiki/Meditsiiniline_termomeeter" title="Meditsiiniline termomeeter">meditsiiniline termomeeter</a> ahk rahvakeeles kraadiklaas. </p><p>Igal termomeetril on oma mõõtepiirkond. Kehatemperatuuri mõõtmiseks mõeldud kraadiklaasil on see tavaliselt 35...42 °C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Termomeetrite_skaalad">Termomeetrite skaalad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Termomeetrite skaalad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Termomeetrite skaalad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termomeetri temperatuuriskaala astmik põhineb mingil kindlal füüsikaseadusel: Rømeri, Fahrenheiti, Réaumuri ja Celsiuse termomeetrite skaalad <a href="/wiki/Soojuspaisumine" title="Soojuspaisumine">soojuspaisumisel</a> ning Kelvini ja Rankine'i skaalaga termomeetrid <a href="/wiki/Termod%C3%BCnaamika_II_seadus" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodünaamika II seadus">termodünaamika II seadusel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fahrenheiti_skaala">Fahrenheiti skaala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Fahrenheiti skaala"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Fahrenheiti skaala" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mõnedes riikides kasutatakse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Gabriel_Fahrenheiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheiti (pole veel kirjutatud)">Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheiti</a> poolt <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>. aastal loodud <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheiti_skaala" title="Fahrenheiti skaala">skaalaga</a> termomeetreid. Nendel termomeetritel on skaala jaotatud <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheiti_kraad" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheiti kraad">Fahrenheiti kraadideks</a> ja sümboliks on <b>°F</b>. Fahrenheiti termomeetreid oli ka Eestis kasutusel kuni 1940. aastani. </p> <dl><dd><b>1 °F = °C × (9/5) + 32</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Réaumuri_skaala"><span id="R.C3.A9aumuri_skaala"></span>Réaumuri skaala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Réaumuri skaala"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Réaumuri skaala" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9-Antoine_Ferchault_de_R%C3%A9aumur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (pole veel kirjutatud)">René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumuri</a> piiritustermomeetri skaala on jagatud 80 võrdseks osaks ehk <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aumuri_kraad" class="mw-redirect" title="Réaumuri kraad">Réaumuri kraadiks</a>. See skaala võeti kasutusele <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>. aastal ja sümboliks on <b>°Re</b>. <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aumuri_skaala" title="Réaumuri skaala">Réaumuri skaalal</a> on jää sulamistemperatuur 0 kraadi ja vee keemistemperatuur 80 kraadi. </p> <dl><dd><b>1 °C = 0,8 °Re</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celsiuse_skaala">Celsiuse skaala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Celsiuse skaala"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Celsiuse skaala" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>. aastal võttis <a href="/wiki/Anders_Celsius" title="Anders Celsius">Anders Celsius</a> kasutusele sajaks jaotatud skaalaga termomeetri, millel vee keemispunkt on 0 ja jää sulamispunkt −100 kraadi. Kuna sellist skaalat oli praktikas ebamugav kasutada, keeras <a href="/wiki/Karl_Linne" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Linne">Karl Linne</a> <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>. aastal selle skaala ringi, võttes jää sulamistemperatuuri võrdseks 0 kraadiga ja vee keemispunkti +100 kraadiga. Sellisest termomeetrist on saanud kõige enam kasutatava skaalaga termomeeter, sümboliks <b>°C</b>. Celsiuse skaala on Fahrenheiti skaalaga seotud järgmise valemiga: </p> <dl><dd><b>1 °C × (9/5) – 32 = 1 °F</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelvini_skaala">Kelvini skaala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Kelvini skaala"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Kelvini skaala" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>. aastal võttis inglise füüsik <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">William Thomson</a> (lord Kelvin) kasutusele <a href="/wiki/Absoluutne_temperatuur" title="Absoluutne temperatuur">absoluutse temperatuuriskaalaga</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Kelvini_skaala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvini skaala">Kelvini skaalaga</a> termomeetri, mis kuulub termodünaamilise skaalaga termomeetrite hulka. Absoluutse temperatuuriskaala järgi saab temperatuur olla ainult positiivne. </p><p>Kelvini kraadist, mille sümboliks on <b>K</b>, on saanud ka <a href="/wiki/SI-s%C3%BCsteem" class="mw-redirect" title="SI-süsteem">SI-süsteemi</a> temperatuuri mõõtühik <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a>. </p><p>Üks kelvini skaala jaotis on võrdne ühe Celsiuse skaala jaotisega: </p> <dl><dd><b>1 K = 1 °C</b></dd></dl> <p>Kelvini skaala on Celsiuse skaalaga seotud järgmiselt: </p> <dl><dd><b>K = °C + 273,15</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankine'i_skaala"><span id="Rankine.27i_skaala"></span>Rankine'i skaala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Rankine'i skaala"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Rankine'i skaala" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a>'i 1859. aastal kasutusele võetud termodünaamiline temperatuuriskaala on samasuguse jaotusega nagu <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheiti_skaala" title="Fahrenheiti skaala">Fahrenheiti skaala</a>, kuid <a href="/wiki/Rankine%27i_skaala" title="Rankine'i skaala">Rankine'i skaala</a> nullpunkt on ühtlasi <a href="/wiki/Absoluutne_null" class="mw-redirect" title="Absoluutne null">absoluutseks nullpunktiks</a>. Vee kolmikpunkt on sellel skaalal 491,688 °R. Rankine'i temperatuuri sümboliks on <b>°R</b>, vahel ka <b>°Ra</b>. Kelvin ja <a href="/wiki/Rankine%27i_kraad" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankine'i kraad">Rankine'i kraad</a> on omavahel seotud järgmiselt: </p> <dl><dd><b>1 K = 9/5 °R</b></dd></dl> <p>ja Celsiuse kraadiga järgmiselt: </p> <dl><dd><b>1 °C = 5/9 °R – 273,15</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rahvusvaheline_temperatuuriskaala">Rahvusvaheline temperatuuriskaala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Rahvusvaheline temperatuuriskaala"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Rahvusvaheline temperatuuriskaala" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Celsiuse skaala võeti 1927. aastal esimese praktilise temperatuuriskaala aluseks. Praegu kehtiv praktiline temperatuuriskaala võeti vastu 1990. aastal (<i>International Temperature Scale of 1990</i> ehk ITS-90), mis on järjekorras seitsmes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_temperatuuriskaala" title="Rahvusvaheline temperatuuriskaala">Rahvusvaheline praktiline temperatuuriskaala</a>, mille sisuks on 17 loodusliku etaloniga võrdluspunkti (referentspunkti) vahemikus 3 K kuni 1358 K, mis on sobitatud 17 punktis Celsiuse skaalasse. Võrdluspunktideks on madalatel temperatuuridel gaaside kolmikpunktid ja kõrgetel metallide sulamistemperatuurid. Viimane vastuvõetud temperatuuriskaala defineerib nii rahvusvahelise Kelvini temperatuuri, mille tähiseks on <b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{90}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{90}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4ca0699a4bd458c027367a294241aa4430bca44b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.234ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{90}}"></span></b> ja sümboliks <b>K</b>, kui ka rahvusvahelise Celsiuse temperatuuri, mille tähiseks on <b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{90}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{90}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f68a86f9fef7cd9732cc5ad033b9d4ca75a09ceb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.716ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{90}}"></span></b> ja sümboliks <b>°C</b>. Ühtlasi seotakse need kaks skaalat omavahel: </p> <dl><dd><b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{90}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{90}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f68a86f9fef7cd9732cc5ad033b9d4ca75a09ceb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.716ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{90}}"></span>/°C = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{90}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{90}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4ca0699a4bd458c027367a294241aa4430bca44b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.234ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{90}}"></span>/K – 273,15</b></dd></dl> <p>Vee keemistemperatuurid normaaltingimustes on eri skaaladel järgmised: </p> <ul><li>Kelvini skaalal 373,1 K</li> <li>Celsiuse skaalal 100 °C</li> <li>Fahrenheiti skaalal 212 °F</li> <li>Réaumuri skaalal 80 °R</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klaastermomeeter">Klaastermomeeter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Klaastermomeeter"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Klaastermomeeter" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klaastermomeeter koosneb vedelikureservuaarist ja selle küljes olevast ühtlase siseläbimõõduga paisumistorust. Anum täidetakse paisuva ainega, mis võib olla elavhõbe, etanool, metüülbenseen või ka vedel <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a>. Reservuaar koos skaalaga varustatud toruga on klaaskestas, mis võib vastavalt vajadusele olla mitmesuguse kuju või suurusega. Klaastermomeetrite mõõtepiirkond on vahemikus −80 °C – +600 °C, galliumtermomeetritel aga kuni +1200 °C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manomeetriline_termomeeter">Manomeetriline termomeeter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Manomeetriline termomeeter"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Manomeetriline termomeeter" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manomeetriline termomeeter koosneb kinnisest süsteemist, mille põhiosadeks on termoballoon, ühendustorustik (suvalise pikkusega) ja temperatuuri ühikutesse gradueeritud skaalaga <a href="/wiki/Manomeeter" title="Manomeeter">manomeeter</a>. Manomeetriga mõõdetakse süsteemi täitva aine rõhku. Täiteaineks on enamasti vedelik või aur. Eriti täpsete mõõtmiste puhul kasutatakse täiteaineks gaasi. Termomeetri suletud ruumis oleva jääva ruumala korral sõltub rõhk ainult temperatuurist mõõtekohas. Manomeetriliste termomeetrite mõõtepiirkond on 0 °C kuni +300 °C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dilatomeetriline_termomeeter">Dilatomeetriline termomeeter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Dilatomeetriline termomeeter"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Dilatomeetriline termomeeter" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dilatomeetriline termomeeter ehk <a href="/wiki/Bimetall" title="Bimetall">bimetalltermomeeter</a> koosneb kahest erineva joonpaisumisega metallvardast või <a href="/wiki/Termobimetall" title="Termobimetall">termobimetallist</a>, ülekandemehhanismist, osutist ja temperatuuriskaalast. Erineva joonpaisumisteguri tõttu muudab bimetallvarras temperatuuri muutudes oma kuju ning liigutab ülekandemehhanismi abil osutit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Termoelektriline_termomeeter">Termoelektriline termomeeter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Termoelektriline termomeeter"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Termoelektriline termomeeter" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termoelektrilisi termomeetreid liigitatakse omakorda <a href="/wiki/Tajur" title="Tajur">tajuri</a> tüübi järgi. Tajuriks on harilikult <a href="/wiki/Termotakisti" class="mw-redirect" title="Termotakisti">termotakisti</a> või <a href="/wiki/Termopaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Termopaar">termopaar</a>. </p><p>Termopaartermomeetrite puhul kasutatakse mõõteriistaks temperatuuri ühikutesse gradueeritud skaalaga <a href="/wiki/Voltmeeter" title="Voltmeeter">millivoltmeetrit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Termopaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Termopaar">Termopaar</a> koosneb kahest eri metallist elektrijuhtmest (nt kulla ning raua sulam ja <a href="/wiki/Vask" title="Vask">vask</a>, vask ja <a href="/wiki/Konstantaan" title="Konstantaan">konstantaan</a>), mis ühendatakse ühest otsast kokku ja see liitekoht pannakse temperatuuri mõõtmise piirkonda. Termopaari vabade otste vahel tekkib termopinge, mis on otseses sõltuvuses temperatuurist liitekohas ja mida mõõdetakse millivoltmeetri või mõne muu mõõteriistaga. Täppismõõtmistel kasutatakse diferentsiaaltermopaari (kahte termopaari), mille ühte termopunkti hoitakse püsitemperatuuril, näiteks sulavas jääs. Eri tüüpi termopaaridega saab mõõta temperatuure vahemikus −270 kuni +2500 °C. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Takistustermomeeter" title="Takistustermomeeter">Takistustermomeetrite</a> puhul kasutatakse mõõteriistaks temperatuuri ühikutesse gradueeritud skaalaga <a href="/wiki/Logomeeter" title="Logomeeter">logomeetrit</a> või <a href="/wiki/Sildl%C3%BClitus" title="Sildlülitus">mõõtesilda</a>. </p><p>Tänapäeva levinuimad termomeetrid on <a href="/wiki/Elektroonsed_termomeetrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektroonsed termomeetrid">elektroonsed termomeetrid</a>, mille töö põhineb <a href="/wiki/Pn-siire" title="Pn-siire">p-n-siirde</a> pingelangu temperatuurisõltuvusel. Sellised on näiteks enamik <a href="/wiki/Meditsiiniline_termomeeter" title="Meditsiiniline termomeeter">meditsiinilisi termomeetreid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%BCromeeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Püromeeter (pole veel kirjutatud)">Püromeeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperatuuriandur" title="Temperatuuriandur">Temperatuuriandur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takistustermomeeter" title="Takistustermomeeter">Takistustermomeeter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termomeeter&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EKSS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EKSS_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eesti_keele_seletav_s%C3%B5naraamat" title="Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat">EKSS</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading 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