2021年天文学奖 - 邵逸夫奖

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class="upper garda">拓展活动</h6> </div> <div class="sub-menu-inner"> <a href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/outreach/" ><h6 class="sohne d-body">概览</h6></a> <a href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/outreach/?outreach-categories=shaw-iau-workshop-sc" ><h6 class="sohne d-body">Shaw–IAU工作坊</h6></a> <a href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/outreach/?outreach-categories=hong-kong-laureate-forum-sc" ><h6 class="sohne d-body">香港桂冠论坛</h6></a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="menu-bg"></div> <div class="page-inner"> <div class="banner laureates-banner margin-90-bottom m-margin-40-bottom astronomy" style="background: #EEE url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/themes/swap/assets/images/bg-astronomy.png) center center no-repeat;background-size: cover"> <h6 class="d-tiny color-white margin-10-bottom">邵逸夫奖</h6> <h1 class="color-white sub-head-on"> 天文学奖<br> 2021 </h1> <div class="autobio-portrait autobio-portrait-1 autobio-total-2" style=" background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/SP21_AN_Prof-Victoria-M-Kaspi.png) bottom center no-repeat;background-size:contain"></div> <div class="autobio-portrait autobio-portrait-2 autobio-total-2" style=" background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/SP21_AN_Prof-Chryssa-Kouveliotou.png) bottom center no-repeat;background-size:contain"></div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row margin-120-bottom m-margin-20-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h6 class="d-tiny color-grey img-cd-title">相片提供</h6> <h6 class="d-tiny color-grey img-cd"></h6> <h6 class="d-tiny color-grey img-cd"></h6> </div> </div> </div> <section class=""> <div class="container"> <div class="row margin-120-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <h4 class="shne m-margin-40-bottom">维多利亚・卡士比<br /> 赫里莎・库韦利奥图</h4> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 offset-sm-1"> <div class="color-gold h4-p"><p>以表彰她们对理解磁星作出贡献。磁星是一种高度磁化的中子星，与很多壮观的瞬变天体物理学现象有关。她们开发了新颖和精确的观测技术，从而证实具有超强磁场的中子星存在，并描绘出它们的物理特性。她们已将磁星确立为一种崭新而又重要的天体物理物体。</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="info-break-line margin-70-bottom"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-120-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <h4 class="m-margin-20-bottom">贡献</h4> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 offset-sm-1"> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-40-bottom"><p>2021年度邵逸夫天文学奖平均颁予<strong>维多利亚・卡士比 (Victoria M Kaspi) </strong>和<strong>赫里莎・库韦利奥图 (Chryssa Kouveliotou)</strong>，以表彰她们对理解磁星作出贡献。磁星是一种高度磁化的中子星类别，与很多壮观瞬变天体物理学现象有关。她们开发了新颖和精确的观测技术，从而证实具有超强磁场的中子星存在，并描绘出它们的物理特性。她们已将磁星确立为一种崭新而又重要的天体类别。<strong>维多利亚・卡士比</strong>是加拿大麦吉尔大学物理学教授暨麦吉尔太空研究所所长。<strong>赫里莎・库韦利奥图</strong>是美国乔治华盛顿大学物理系教授暨系主任。</p> <p>中子星是恒星爆炸后的超压缩残余物。它们大多数快速自转，周期从毫秒到秒，并发出强大的电磁辐射光束 (表现为脉冲星)。因此，它们是精确的「宇宙时钟」，可以让人们在引力场比地球强几十亿倍的情况下进行基本物理测试。有关脉冲星的研究取得了两次诺贝尔物理学奖(1974年和1993年)。</p> </div> <a class="b-button b-button-border margin-40-bottom" href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/laureates/2021-astronomy/?type=Contribution"> <h6 class="d-button">继续阅读</h6> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="info-break-line margin-70-bottom "></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-120-bottom"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <h4 class="m-margin-20-bottom">得奖人获奖介绍</h4> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 offset-sm-1"> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-40-bottom">The 2021 Shaw Prize in Astronomy is awarded in equal parts to Victoria Kaspi and Chryssa Kouveliotou for their contributions to the understanding of magnetars, a class of highly magnetized neutron stars that are linked to a wide range of spectacular, transient astrophysical phenomena. By developing new and precise observational techniques, they confirmed the existence of this new class of neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields, and characterized their physical properties. Their work has established magnetars as a new and important class of astrophysical objects. Neutron stars are ultra-compact remnants of explosions of massive stars, which have exhausted their “fuel” for generating energy through fusion, and then collapse under their own gravity. Most young neutron stars are rapidly rotating with periods of milliseconds to seconds, and many of them emit powerful beams of electromagnetic radiation (observed as pulsars). As such, they are accurate “cosmic clocks” that enable tests of fundamental physics in the presence of a gravitational field many billion times stronger than that on earth. The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded twice for work on pulsars, in 1974 and in 1993.</div> <a class="b-button b-button-border margin-40-bottom" href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/laureates/2021-astronomy/?type=Essay"> <h6 class="d-button">继续阅读</h6> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="info-break-line margin-70-bottom "></div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-60-bottom m-margin-8-bottom" style="position: relative"> <div class="no-counter single-count" style="width: calc(100% - 48px);height: 100%;top: 0;left: 24px;background: #F1F0EC;position: absolute;z-index: -1;border-radius: 4px"></div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-8"> <div class="ar32 no-counter" style="background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AN_Victoria-Kaspi_03-600x353.jpg) center center no-repeat;background-size: cover;border-top-left-radius: 4px"> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 offset-sm-1"> <div class="about-laur-wrap"> <h6 class="d-tiny margin-15-bottom margin-60-top">得奖者简介</h6> <h5 class="shne margin-60-bottom">维多利亚・卡士比 (Victoria M Kaspi)</h5> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-60-bottom"><p><strong>维多利亚・卡士比 (Victoria M Kaspi) </strong>在1967年於美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀出生，现为加拿大麦吉尔大学物理学教授暨麦吉尔太空研究所所长。1989年於麦吉尔大学取得物理学学士学位，并分别在1991和1993年於美国普林斯顿大学取得物理学硕士和博士学位。她於美国加州理工学院、喷气推进实验室和美国麻省理工学院任职后，1999年成为麦吉尔大学助理教授，及后获颁加拿大国家教席，属於该校获此名衔的最早一批，在2006年出任洛恩・特罗捷天体物理学讲座教授。<strong>维多利亚・卡士比</strong>是美国国家科学院、美国人文与科学院和英国伦敦皇家学会院士。</p> </div> <a href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/autobiography/victoria-m-kaspi/"> <div class="b-button b-button-border margin-100-bottom"> <h6 class="d-button">得奖人自传</h6> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-60-bottom m-margin-8-bottom" style="position: relative"> <div class="no-counter single-count" style="width: calc(100% - 48px);height: 100%;top: 0;left: 24px;background: #F1F0EC;position: absolute;z-index: -1;border-radius: 4px"></div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-8"> <div class="ar32 no-counter" style="background: url(https://www.shawprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AN_Chryssa-Kouveliotou_01-600x312.jpg) center center no-repeat;background-size: cover;border-top-left-radius: 4px"> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 offset-sm-1"> <div class="about-laur-wrap"> <h6 class="d-tiny margin-15-bottom margin-60-top">得奖者简介</h6> <h5 class="shne margin-60-bottom">赫里莎・库韦利奥图 (Chryssa Kouveliotou)</h5> <div class="d-body wys-wapper margin-60-bottom"><p><strong>赫里莎・库韦利奥图 (Chryssa Kouveliotou) </strong>在1953年於希腊雅典出生，现为美国乔治华盛顿大学物理系教授暨系主任。1975年於希腊雅典国立卡波季斯特里安大学取得物理学学士学位，在1977年於英国苏塞克斯大学取得理学硕士学位，并在1981年於德国慕尼黑科技大学获得天体物理学博士学位。她毕业后返回国立卡波季斯特里安大学担任助理教授 (1982–1994)。其后，在1991年加入美国太空总署 (NASA) 马歇尔太空飞行中心工作。直到2015年，她转到乔治华盛顿大学担任物理学教授。<strong>赫里莎・库韦利奥图</strong>是美国国家科学院、美国人文与科学院、荷兰皇家艺术与科学学院和希腊雅典科学院院士。</p> </div> <a href="https://www.shawprize.org/sc/autobiography/chryssa-kouveliotou/"> <div class="b-button b-button-border margin-100-bottom"> <h6 class="d-button">得奖人自传</h6> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> 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2021年 天文学奖 - 邵逸夫奖

2021年天文学奖 - 邵逸夫奖