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id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोज्नुहोस्</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="स्वरूप"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="स्वरूप" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">स्वरूप</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ne.wikipedia.org&uselang=ne" class=""><span>दान गर्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="तपाईलाई खाता बनाउन र प्रवेश गर्न हामी प्रोत्साहित गर्छौं; तथापि, यो अनिवार्य भने छैन।" class=""><span>खाता खोल्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="तपाईलाई प्रवेश गर्न सुझाव दिइन्छ ; तर यो जरुरी भने छैन [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>प्रवेश गर्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="थप विकल्पहरू" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="प्रयोगकर्ता सुचीपत्र" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ne.wikipedia.org&uselang=ne"><span>दान गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="तपाईलाई खाता बनाउन र प्रवेश गर्न हामी प्रोत्साहित गर्छौं; तथापि, यो अनिवार्य भने छैन।"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता खोल्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="तपाईलाई प्रवेश गर्न सुझाव दिइन्छ ; तर यो जरुरी भने छैन [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>प्रवेश गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> निर्गमन सम्पादकहरूका लागि पृष्ठहरू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" aria-label="सम्पादन गर्ने बारे थप जान्नुहोस्"><span>थप जान्नुहोस्</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>मेरो योगदानहरू</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyTalk" title="यो IP ठेगानाबाट गरिएका सम्पादनका बारेमा बार्तालाप [n]" accesskey="n"><span>मेरो कुराहरू</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="विषयसूची" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">विषयसूची</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">बाँया खण्डमा सार्नुहोस्</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">लुकाउनुहोस्</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">सुरुवात</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-व्युत्पत्ति" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#व्युत्पत्ति"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">१</span> <span>व्युत्पत्ति</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-व्युत्पत्ति-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इतिहास" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इतिहास"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२</span> <span>इतिहास</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-इतिहास-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>इतिहास उपखण्ड सक्षम गर्नुहोस्</span> </button> <ul id="toc-इतिहास-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-पूर्व-20_औं_शताब्दी" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#पूर्व-20_औं_शताब्दी"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.१</span> <span>पूर्व-20 औं शताब्दी</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-पूर्व-20_औं_शताब्दी-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल_गणना_मेसिन" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल_गणना_मेसिन"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.२</span> <span>इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल गणना मेसिन</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल_गणना_मेसिन-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-एनालग_कम्प्युटरहरू" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#एनालग_कम्प्युटरहरू"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.३</span> <span>एनालग कम्प्युटरहरू</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-एनालग_कम्प्युटरहरू-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-डिजिटल_कम्प्युटरहरू" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#डिजिटल_कम्प्युटरहरू"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.४</span> <span>डिजिटल कम्प्युटरहरू</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-डिजिटल_कम्प्युटरहरू-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.४.१</span> <span>इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-कम्प्युटरका_अविष्कारक" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#कम्प्युटरका_अविष्कारक"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.५</span> <span>कम्प्युटरका अविष्कारक</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-कम्प्युटरका_अविष्कारक-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सिमित-कृतिय_पुरातात्विक_कम्प्युटर" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सिमित-कृतिय_पुरातात्विक_कम्प्युटर"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२.६</span> <span>सिमित-कृतिय पुरातात्विक कम्प्युटर</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सिमित-कृतिय_पुरातात्विक_कम्प्युटर-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ_सामग्री" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ_सामग्री"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">३</span> <span>सन्दर्भ सामग्री</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ_सामग्री-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-बाह्य_कडीहरू" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#बाह्य_कडीहरू"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">४</span> <span>बाह्य कडीहरू</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-बाह्य_कडीहरू-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="विषयसूची" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="सामग्रीको तालिका सक्षम गर्नुहोस्" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">सामग्रीको तालिका सक्षम गर्नुहोस्</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">कम्प्युटर</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="२३८ भाषामा उपलब्ध छ। अर्को भाषाको लेखमा जानुहोस्।" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-238" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">२३८ भाषाहरू</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Акомпиутер – अब्खाजियाली" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акомпиутер" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="अब्खाजियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – अचाइनिज" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="अचाइनिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenaar" title="Rekenaar – अफ्रिकान्स" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rekenaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ्रिकान्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – स्वीस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्वीस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%A9%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ኮምፒዩተር – अम्हारिक" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮምፒዩተር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="अम्हारिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinador" title="Ordinador – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ordinador" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearctelle" title="Spearctelle – पुरातन अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Spearctelle" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="पुरातन अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akpatan%CC%84_nden%CC%84" title="Akpatan̄ nden̄ – ओबोलो" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Akpatan̄ nden̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ओबोलो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्यूटर – अङ्गिका" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="अङ्गिका" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="حاسوب – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%92%DC%90_(%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%90)" title="ܚܫܘܒܐ (ܡܐܟܢܐ) – अरामाइक" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܫܘܒܐ (ܡܐܟܢܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="अरामाइक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="أورديناطور – मोरोक्कोली अरबी" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أورديناطور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="मोरोक्कोली अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="كومبيوتر – इजिप्ट अरबी" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كومبيوتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="इजिप्ट अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="কম্পিউটাৰ – आसामी" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কম্পিউটাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="आसामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenador" title="Ordenador – अस्टुरियाली" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ordenador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्टुरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्युटर – अवधी" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कंप्युटर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="अवधी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillaya_atamiri" title="Qillaya atamiri – ऐमारा" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qillaya atamiri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ऐमारा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCter" title="Kompüter – अजरबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompüter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अजरबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بیلگی‌سایار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلگی‌سایار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – बास्किर" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="बास्किर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechna" title="Rechna – बाभारियाली" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Rechna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="बाभारियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuompioteris" title="Kuompioteris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuompioteris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Камп’ютар – बेलारुसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камп’ютар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारुसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кампутар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кампутар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumputer" title="Kumputer – बेटावी" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kumputer" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="बेटावी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Компютър – बुल्गेरियाली" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компютър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गेरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्यूटर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compter" title="Compter – बिस्लाम" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Compter" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="बिस्लाम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কম্পিউটার – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্পিউটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="གློག་ཀླད། – तिब्बती" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གློག་ཀླད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="तिब्बती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কম্পিউটার – विष्णुप्रिया" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কম্পিউটার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="विष्णुप्रिया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urzhiataer" title="Urzhiataer – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Urzhiataer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunar" title="Računar – बोस्नियाली" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Računar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – बुगिनियाली" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="बुगिनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinador" title="Ordinador – क्याटालन" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ordinador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="क्याटालन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%AAng-n%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Diêng-nō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diêng-nō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – चेचेन" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="चेचेन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagitabyan" title="Dagitabyan – सेबुआनो" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dagitabyan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="सेबुआनो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9ohketoetan%C3%B3to" title="Tséohketoetanóto – चेयेन्ने" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tséohketoetanóto" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="चेयेन्ने" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کۆمپیوتەر – मध्यवर्ती कुर्दिस" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمپیوتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="मध्यवर्ती कुर्दिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – क्रिमियाली तुर्क" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="क्रिमियाली तुर्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Počítač – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítač" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2mp%C3%B9ter" title="Kòmpùter – कासुवियन" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòmpùter" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="कासुवियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%94%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%8C" title="Ищислитєл҄ь – चर्च स्लाभिक" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ищислитєл҄ь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="चर्च स्लाभिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – चुभास" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चुभास" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfrifiadur" title="Cyfrifiadur – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfrifiadur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – डेनिस" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maku%C9%9B%CC%88n" title="Makuɛ̈n – दिन्का" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Makuɛ̈n" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="दिन्का" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokud" title="Tokud – केन्द्रीय दुसुन" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tokud" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="केन्द्रीय दुसुन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής – ग्रीक" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ग्रीक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarvl%C3%A5n" title="Zarvlån – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Zarvlån" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputilo" title="Komputilo – एस्पेरान्तो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komputilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरान्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computadora" title="Computadora – स्पेनी" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Computadora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvuti" title="Arvuti – इस्टोनियन" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvuti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="इस्टोनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenagailu" title="Ordenagailu – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ordenagailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenaol" title="Ordenaol – एक्सट्रेमादुराली" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ordenaol" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="एक्सट्रेमादुराली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="رایانه – फारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokone" title="Tietokone – फिनिस" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फिनिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puutri" title="Puutri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Puutri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuta" title="Kompiuta – फिजियन" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kompiuta" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="फिजियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teldur" title="Teldur – फारोज" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Teldur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="फारोज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinateur" title="Ordinateur – फ्रान्सेली" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordinateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ्रान्सेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuuter" title="Kompjuuter – उत्तरी फ्रिजी" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kompjuuter" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ्रिजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenad%C3%B4r" title="Ordenadôr – फ्रिउलियाली" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ordenadôr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="फ्रिउलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADomhaire" title="Ríomhaire – आइरिस" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríomhaire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आइरिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦 – गान चिनियाँ" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電腦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="गान चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinat%C3%B2" title="Ordinatò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ordinatò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimpiutair" title="Coimpiutair – स्कटिस गाएलिक" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coimpiutair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="स्कटिस गाएलिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenador" title="Ordenador – गलिसियाली" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ordenador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गलिसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%DB%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کامپيۊتر – गिलाकी" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کامپيۊتر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="गिलाकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombutad%C3%B3ra" title="Kombutadóra – गुवारानी" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kombutadóra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="गुवारानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰 – गोथिक" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="गोथिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%95" title="સંગણક – गुजराती" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સંગણક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="गुजराती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputatoora" title="Komputatoora – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Komputatoora" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-earrooder" title="Co-earrooder – मान्क्स" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Co-earrooder" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="मान्क्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komfuta" title="Komfuta – हाउसा" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Komfuta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="हाउसा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thien-n%C3%B3" title="Thien-nó – हक्का चिनियाँ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thien-nó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="हक्का चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="מחשב – हिब्रु" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्यूटर – हिन्दी" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="हिन्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – फिजी हिन्दी" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="फिजी हिन्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" title="Računalo – क्रोयसियाली" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Računalo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोयसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92dinat%C3%A8" title="Òdinatè – हैटियाली क्रियोल" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òdinatè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="हैटियाली क्रियोल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%B3g%C3%A9p" title="Számítógép – हङ्गेरियाली" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számítógép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हङ्गेरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Համակարգիչ – आर्मेनियाली" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համակարգիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Համակարգիչ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Համակարգիչ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computator" title="Computator – इन्टर्लिङ्गुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Computator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इन्टर्लिङ्गुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – इबान" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="इबान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – इन्डोनेसियाली" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इन्डोनेसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computator" title="Computator – इन्टरलिङ्ग्वे" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Computator" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="इन्टरलिङ्ग्वे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orunotu" title="Orunotu – इग्बो" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Orunotu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="इग्बो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaqasauraq" title="Qaqasauraq – इनुपिआक्" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qaqasauraq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="इनुपिआक्" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuter" title="Kompiuter – इयोको" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kompiuter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="इयोको" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputero" title="Komputero – इडो" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komputero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6lva" title="Tölva – आइसल्यान्डियाली" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tölva" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसल्यान्डियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – इटालेली" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इटालेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%95%8B%E1%93%B4%E1%90%85%E1%94%AD%E1%96%85" title="ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᖅ – इनुक्टिटुट" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="इनुक्टिटुट" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF" title="コンピュータ – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンピュータ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuuta" title="Kompyuuta – जमैकाली क्रेओले अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kompyuuta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="जमैकाली क्रेओले अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/skami" title="skami – लोज्बान" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="skami" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="लोज्बान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – जाभानी" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जाभानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კომპიუტერი – जर्जियाली" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომპიუტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जर्जियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – कारा-काल्पाक" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="कारा-काल्पाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselkim" title="Aselkim – काबिल" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aselkim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="काबिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86%C9%94r%C9%A9d%C9%A9nat%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C9%A9" title="Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludinatelo" title="Ludinatelo – कोङ्गो" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ludinatelo" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="कोङ्गो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombuita" title="Kombuita – किकुयु" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kombuita" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="किकुयु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – काजाख" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="काजाख" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A" title="កុំព្យូទ័រ – खमेर" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កុំព្យូទ័រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="खमेर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ – कन्नाडा" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="कन्नाडा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0" title="컴퓨터 – कोरियाली" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – काराचाय-बाल्कर" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="काराचाय-बाल्कर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%97%D9%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="کَمپیوٗٹَر – कास्मिरी" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَمپیوٗٹَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="कास्मिरी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – कुर्दी" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="कुर्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – कोमी" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="कोमी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jynn_amontya" title="Jynn amontya – कोर्निस" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jynn amontya" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="कोर्निस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – किर्गिज" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="किर्गिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computatrum" title="Computatrum – ल्याटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Computatrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ल्याटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contador" title="Contador – लाडिनो" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Contador" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="लाडिनो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – लक्जेम्बर्गी" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="लक्जेम्बर्गी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – लाज्घियाली" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="लाज्घियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computador" title="Computador – लिङ्गुवा फ्राङ्का नोभा" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Computador" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="लिङ्गुवा फ्राङ्का नोभा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – लिम्बुर्गी" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="लिम्बुर्गी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – लिगुरियाली" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="लिगुरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – लोम्बार्ड" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="लोम्बार्ड" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C3%A1lela" title="Esálela – लिङ्गाला" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Esálela" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="लिङ्गाला" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ຄອມພິວເຕີ – लाओ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄອມພິວເຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="लाओ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuteris" title="Kompiuteris – लिथुआनियाली" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kompiuteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dators" title="Dators – लात्भियाली" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लात्भियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – मैथिली" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="मैथिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solosaina" title="Solosaina – मलागासी" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Solosaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="मलागासी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – मिनाङकाबाउ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="मिनाङकाबाउ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Сметач – म्यासेडोनियन" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сметач" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="म्यासेडोनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – मङ्गोलियाली" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="मङ्गोलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ခမ်ပျူတာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ခမ်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="संगणक विज्ञान – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संगणक विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – मलाय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलाय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – माल्टिज" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="माल्टिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumputador" title="Cumputador – मिरान्डी" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cumputador" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="मिरान्डी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ – बर्मेली" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Арси машинась – इर्ज्या" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Арси машинась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="इर्ज्या" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کامپیوتر – मजानडेरानी" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کامپیوتر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="मजानडेरानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – नेपोलिटान" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="नेपोलिटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reekner" title="Reekner – तल्लो जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Reekner" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="तल्लो जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – तल्लो साक्सन" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="तल्लो साक्सन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – नेवारी" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="नेवारी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamaskin" title="Datamaskin – नर्वेली नाइनोर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Datamaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नर्वेली नाइनोर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamaskin" title="Datamaskin – नर्वेली बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Datamaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नर्वेली बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%95%DF%9F%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AE" title="ߕߟߋ߬ߓߊ߮ – नको" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߕߟߋ߬ߓߊ߮" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="नको" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator – अक्सिटन" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ordinator" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="अक्सिटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedokoneh" title="Tiedokoneh – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tiedokoneh" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="प्रमुख लेख"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompitara" title="Kompitara – ओरोमो" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kompitara" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ओरोमो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର – उडिया" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="उडिया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ओस्सेटिक" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ओस्सेटिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – पामपाङ्गा" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="पामपाङ्गा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – पोलिस" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator – पिएडमोन्तेसे" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ordinator" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="पिएडमोन्तेसे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کمپیوٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کمپیوٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Ηλεκτρονικόν υπολογιστής – पोन्टिक" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ηλεκτρονικόν υπολογιστής" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="पोन्टिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="سولگر – पास्तो" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سولگر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="पास्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computador" title="Computador – पोर्तुगी" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Computador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पोर्तुगी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C3%B1iqichaq" title="Antañiqichaq – क्वेचुवा" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antañiqichaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="क्वेचुवा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginepaskro" title="Ginepaskro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ginepaskro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator – रोमानियाली" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calculator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – रसियाली" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компютер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Компютер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सङ्गणकम् – संस्कृत" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सङ्गणकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="संस्कृत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Көмпүүтэр – साखा" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көмпүүтэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="साखा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ – सान्ताली" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="सान्ताली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – सार्डिनियाली" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="सार्डिनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – सिसिलियाली" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="सिसिलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – स्कट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%B1" title="ڪمپيوٽر – सिन्धी" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪمپيوٽر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="सिन्धी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amssuds" title="Amssuds – टाचेल्हिट" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amssuds" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="टाचेल्हिट" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="පරිගණකය – सिन्हाली" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="सिन्हाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Počítač – स्लोभाकियाली" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Počítač" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोभाकियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کمپیوٹر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کمپیوٹر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalnik" title="Računalnik – स्लोभेनियाली" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Računalnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोभेनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komipiuta" title="Komipiuta – सामोआ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Komipiuta" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="सामोआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombiyuta" title="Kombiyuta – शोना" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kombiyuta" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="शोना" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbuyuutar" title="Kumbuyuutar – सोमाली" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kumbuyuutar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="सोमाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuteri" title="Kompjuteri – अल्बानियाली" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kompjuteri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рачунар – सर्बियाली" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рачунар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khomputa" title="Khomputa – दक्षिणी सोथो" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Khomputa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="दक्षिणी सोथो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – सुडानी" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="सुडानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dator" title="Dator – स्विडिस" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्विडिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarakilishi" title="Tarakilishi – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tarakilishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AFmputer" title="Kůmputer – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kůmputer" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tingnaw" title="tingnaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tingnaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="கணினி – तामिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तामिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/tennaw" title="tennaw – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="tennaw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="కంప్యూటరు – तेलुगु" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంప్యూటరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="तेलुगु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Роёна – ताजिक" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роёна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ताजिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คอมพิวเตอร์ – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอมพิวเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BDuter" title="Kompýuter – टर्कमेन" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kompýuter" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="टर्कमेन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayar" title="Bilgisayar – टर्किश" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="टर्किश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khompuyuta" title="Khompuyuta – ट्सोङ्गा" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Khompuyuta" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ट्सोङ्गा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Санак – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Санак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%DB%87%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1" title="كومپيۇتېر – उइघुर" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كومپيۇتېر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="उइघुर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Комп'ютер – युक्रेनी" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="युक्रेनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کمپیوٹر – उर्दु" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمپیوٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – उज्बेकी" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज्बेकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Máy tính – भियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="भियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCt%C3%B6m" title="Kompütöm – भोलापिक" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kompütöm" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="भोलापिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copiutrece" title="Copiutrece – वाल्लुन" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Copiutrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="वाल्लुन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – वारे" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosukaay" title="Nosukaay – वुलुफ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nosukaay" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="वुलुफ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机 – ऊ चिनियाँ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电子计算机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ऊ चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhompyutha" title="Ikhompyutha – खोसा" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ikhompyutha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="खोसा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კომპიუტერი – मिनग्रेलियाली" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კომპიუტერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="मिनग्रेलियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קאמפיוטער – यिद्दिस" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמפיוטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="यिद्दिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennauj" title="Dennauj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dennauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ – मानक मोरोक्कोन तामाजिघट" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="मानक मोरोक्कोन तामाजिघट" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机 – चिनियाँ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电子计算机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦 – साहित्यिक चिनियाँ" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電腦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="साहित्यिक चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-n%C3%A1u" title="Tiān-náu – मिन नान चिनियाँ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-náu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="मिन नान चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦 – क्यान्टोनिज" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="क्यान्टोनिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu 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</div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> छाप्नुहोस्/निर्यात गर्नुहोस् </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0"><span>पुस्तक बनाउनुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>पिडिएफको रूपमा डाउनलोड गर्नुस</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&printable=yes" title="यो 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">लुकाउनुहोस्</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">विकिपिडिया, एक स्वतन्त्र विश्वकोशबाट</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ne" dir="ltr"><p><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048955">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style></i></p><i><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">अन्य प्रयोगको लागि, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)" class="mw-disambig" title="कम्प्युटर (स्पष्टता)">कम्प्युटर (स्पष्टता)</a> हेर्नुहोस्।</div></i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238776">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">कम्प्युटर</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg/118px-Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg/178px-Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg/236px-Acer_Aspire_8920_Gemstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="2258" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:DM_IBM_S360.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/DM_IBM_S360.jpg/128px-DM_IBM_S360.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/DM_IBM_S360.jpg/192px-DM_IBM_S360.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/DM_IBM_S360.jpg/255px-DM_IBM_S360.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg/117px-Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg/177px-Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg/234px-Columbia_Supercomputer_-_NASA_Advanced_Supercomputing_Facility.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1524" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg/113px-Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg/171px-Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg/227px-Dell_PowerEdge_Servers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg/148px-2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg/222px-2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg/295px-2010-01-26-technikkrempel-by-RalfR-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg/194px-Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg/291px-Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg/387px-Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4572" data-file-height="2316" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG/131px-G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG/197px-G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG/262px-G5_supplying_Wikipedia_via_Gigabit_at_the_Lange_Nacht_der_Wissenschaften_2006_in_Dresden.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Automatic general-purpose device for performing arithmetic or logical operations<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:SHORTDESC:Automatic_general-purpose_device_for_performing_arithmetic_or_logical_operations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ढाँचा:SHORTDESC:Automatic general-purpose device for performing arithmetic or logical operations (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">ढाँचा:SHORTDESC:Automatic general-purpose device for performing arithmetic or logical operations</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r751459/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="प्रारम्भिक कम्प्युटरमा सयौं मध्ये एउटा भ्याकुम ट्यूब प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै एक व्यक्ति" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg/135px-ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg/203px-ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg/270px-ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="धेरै कम्प्युटर क्याबिनेट र अपरेटिङ प्यानल भएको कम्प्युटर कोठा" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg/149px-IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg/224px-IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg/298px-IBM_System360_Mainframe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="हातमा इन्द्रेणी जस्तो डिस्प्ले भएको स्मार्टफोन" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG/114px-LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG" decoding="async" width="114" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG/171px-LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG/228px-LYF_WATER_2_Smartphone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:ThinkCentre_S50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="माथि मनिटर र अगाडि किबोर्ड भएको कालो डेस्कटप कम्प्युटर" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ThinkCentre_S50.jpg/170px-ThinkCentre_S50.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ThinkCentre_S50.jpg/255px-ThinkCentre_S50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ThinkCentre_S50.jpg/340px-ThinkCentre_S50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Gamecube-console.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="संलग्न नियन्त्रक संग बैजनी भिडियो खेल कन्सोल" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gamecube-console.jpg/126px-Gamecube-console.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gamecube-console.jpg/189px-Gamecube-console.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gamecube-console.jpg/252px-Gamecube-console.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Summit_(supercomputer).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="गोदाम जस्तो कोठामा ठूला, अँध्यारो कम्प्युटर क्याबिनेटका पङ्क्तिहरू" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Summit_%28supercomputer%29.jpg/158px-Summit_%28supercomputer%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Summit_%28supercomputer%29.jpg/237px-Summit_%28supercomputer%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Summit_%28supercomputer%29.jpg/316px-Summit_%28supercomputer%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3535" data-file-height="2828" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">विभिन्न युगका कम्प्युटर र कम्प्युटिङ उपकरणहरू - बायाँ देखि दायाँ, माथि देखि तल: <div><ul><li>Early vacuum tube computer (ENIAC)</li><li>Mainframe computer (IBM System 360)</li><li>Smartphone (LYF Water 2)</li><li>Desktop computer (IBM ThinkCentre S50 with monitor)</li><li>Video game console (Nintendo GameCube)</li><li>Supercomputer (IBM Summit)</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> <p><br /> </p><p><b>कम्प्युटर</b> वा (नेपालीः <b>सुसाङ्ख्य</b>) स्वचालित रूपमा अंकगणित वा तार्किक अपरेशनहरू (गणना) को अनुक्रमहरू पूरा गर्न सक्ने मेसिन हो। </p><p>कम्प्युटर शब्द लेटिन शब्द <b>Computare</b> बाट आएको हो । जसको अर्थ गणना गर्नु हो । कम्प्युटरलाई नेपालीमा "सुसाङ्ख्य" भनिन्छ। यन्त्रको बनावट लगातार र स्वचालित भई गणितिय अथवा तार्किक क्रमाङ्कहरूको कार्य पुरा गर्ने हुन्छ । निश्चित निर्देशनअनुसार कार्य सम्पादन गरी नतिजा प्रस्तुत गर्ने मानव निर्मित यन्त्रलाई कम्प्युटर भनिन्छ । जुन एउटा विधुतीय साधन हो । आज भन्दा करिब ६०/७० वर्ष पहिले हिसाब गर्ने यन्त्रलाई कम्प्युटर भन्न थालिएको थियो । सुरु सुरुमा कम्प्युटर भन्नाले एउटा साधारण हिसाब गर्ने विधुतीय यन्त्र भन्ने बुझिन्थ्यो । तर आज कम्प्युटर जुनसुकै पनि कार्य गर्न सक्ने शक्तिशाली साधन बन्न पुगेको छ । विकासको लागि हरेक क्षेत्रमा कम्प्युटरको प्रयोग हुन थालेको छ । कुनै पनि क्रमाङ्कको कार्यलाई चाहे जति परिवर्तन गरेर कम्प्युटरलाई एक भन्दा धेरै समस्याहरू समाधान गर्न प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। कम्प्युटरलाई (Common Operating Machine Purposely used for Technological and Educational Research)व्याख्या गरेको पाइन्छ यो कम्प्युटरको पूरा रूप होइन कम्प्यूटर (Computer)आफैमा पूरा शब्द हो। </p><p>कम्प्यूटर एक मेसिन हो जुन स्वचालित रूपमा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अङ्क गणित">अङ्क गणित</a> वा तार्किक अपरेशनहरू(गणना) को अनुक्रमहरू पूरा गर्न <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="कम्प्युटर प्रोग्राम">कम्प्युटर प्रोग्राम</a> गर्न सकिन्छ। आधुनिक डिजिटल इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्प्युटरहरूले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="कम्प्युटर प्रोग्राम">प्रोग्रामहरु</a> भनेर चिनिने कार्यहरूको सामान्य सेटहरू गर्न सक्छन्। यी कार्यक्रमहरूले कम्प्युटरहरूलाई कार्यहरूको विस्तृत दायरा गर्न सक्षम बनाउँछ। "कम्प्युटर प्रणाली" शब्दले नाममात्र पूर्ण कम्प्युटरलाई जनाउन सक्छ जसमा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर हार्डवेयर">कम्प्युटर हार्डवेयर</a>, अपरेटिङ सिस्टम, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="सफ्टवेयर">सफ्टवेयर</a>, र पूर्ण सञ्चालनका लागि आवश्यक र प्रयोग हुने <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="पेरिफेरल साधन">पेरिफेरल साधन</a>हरू समावेश हुन्छन्; वा कम्प्यूटरको समूह जुन लिङ्क गरिएको छ र सँगै काम गर्दछ, जस्तै <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="कम्प्युटर नेटवर्क">कम्प्युटर नेटवर्क</a> वा कम्प्युटर क्लस्टर। </p><p>औद्योगिक र उपभोक्ता उत्पादनहरूको फराकिलो दायराले कम्प्युटरहरूलाई नियन्त्रण प्रणालीको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दछ, जसमा साधारण विशेष-उद्देश्य यन्त्रहरू जस्तै माइक्रोवेभ ओभन र रिमोट कन्ट्रोलहरू, र औद्योगिक रोबोटहरू जस्तै कारखाना उपकरणहरू समावेश छन्। कम्प्युटरहरू सामान्य-उद्देश्यका उपकरणहरू जस्तै व्यक्तिगत कम्प्युटरहरू र मोबाइल उपकरणहरू जस्तै स्मार्टफोनहरूको केन्द्रमा हुन्छन्। कम्प्युटरहरूले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="इन्टरनेट">इन्टरनेट</a>लाई शक्ति दिन्छ, जसले अरबौं कम्प्युटरहरू र प्रयोगकर्ताहरूलाई लिंक गर्दछ। </p><p>प्रारम्भिक कम्प्युटरहरू गणनाको लागि मात्र प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। साधारण म्यानुअल उपकरणहरू जस्तै <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="अबाकस">अबाकस </a> ले मानिसहरूलाई प्राचीन समयदेखि गणना गर्न मद्दत गरेको छ। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="औद्योगिक क्रान्ति">औद्योगिक क्रान्ति</a>को प्रारम्भमा, केही मेकानिकल यन्त्रहरू लामो, थकाइलाग्दो कार्यहरू स्वचालित गर्नका लागि बनाइएका थिए, जस्तै लमहरूको लागि मार्गनिर्देशन ढाँचाहरू। अधिक परिष्कृत विद्युतीय मेसिनहरूले 20 औं शताब्दीको प्रारम्भमा विशेष एनालग गणनाहरू गरे। पहिलो डिजिटल इलेक्ट्रोनिक गणना गर्ने मेसिनहरू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध">दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध</a>को समयमा विकसित भएका थिए, दुबै इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल र थर्मियोनिक भल्भहरू प्रयोग गरेर। 1940 को दशकको अन्तमा पहिलो <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="अर्धचालक पदार्थ">अर्धचालक पदार्थ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्रान्जिस्टर">ट्रान्जिस्टर</a>हरू लाई पछ्याउँदै 1950 को दशकको अन्तमा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन">सिलिकन</a>मा-आधारित MOSFET (MOS ट्रान्जिस्टर) र मोनोलिथिक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F" title="इन्टिग्रेटेड सर्किट">इन्टिग्रेटेड सर्किट</a> चिप टेक्नोलोजीहरू को विकास भएको थियो, जसले माइक्रोप्रोसेसरको विकास र 1970 मा माइक्रो कम्प्युटर क्रान्तिमा मद्दत गर्यो। कम्प्यूटरको गति, शक्ति र बहुमुखी प्रतिभा तब देखि नाटकीय रूपमा बढ्दै गएको छ, जसले गर्दा ट्रान्जिस्टर गणनाहरू तीव्र गतिमा बढ्दै गएको छ (मूरको नियमले गणना प्रत्येक दुई वर्षमा दोब्बर हुने उल्लेख गरेको छ), जसले २० औं शताब्दीको अन्त्यदेखि २१ औं शताब्दीको प्रारम्भमा डिजिटल क्रान्तिमा मद्दत गर्‍यो। </p><p>परम्परागत रूपमा, एक आधुनिक कम्प्युटरमा कम्तिमा एक प्रशोधन तत्व, सामान्यतया एक केन्द्रीय प्रशोधन इकाई (CPU) माइक्रोप्रोसेसरको रूपमा र केही प्रकारको <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0)" title="मेमोरी (कम्प्युटर)">मेमोरी (कम्प्युटर)</a> , सामान्यतया सेमीकन्डक्टर मेमोरी चिपहरूको साथमा हुन्छ। प्रशोधन तत्वले अंकगणितीय र तार्किक कार्यहरू गर्दछ, र एक अनुक्रम र नियन्त्रण इकाईले भण्डार गरिएको जानकारीको प्रतिक्रियामा सञ्चालनको क्रम परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छ। परिधीय उपकरणहरूमा इनपुट उपकरणहरू (कीबोर्ड, माइस, जोइस्टिक, आदि), आउटपुट उपकरणहरू (मोनिटर स्क्रिनहरू, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रिन्टर">प्रिन्टर</a>हरू, आदि), र इनपुट/आउटपुट उपकरणहरू जसले दुबै प्रकार्यहरू (जस्तै, २००० को युगको टचस्क्रिन) समावेश गर्दछ। परिधीय उपकरणहरूले बाह्य स्रोतबाट जानकारी पुन: प्राप्त गर्न अनुमति दिन्छ र तिनीहरूले अपरेशनको परिणाम बचत गर्न र पुन: प्राप्त गर्न सक्षम गर्दछ। </p><p>विशेष गरी कम्प्युटर दुई वटा तत्वहरू मिलेर बनेको हुन्छ । ती हुन् कम्प्युटर हार्डवेयर र कम्प्युटर सफ्टवेयर । यी दुई बिच निकै घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहेको हुन्छ । हार्डवेयर बिना सफ्टवेयरले केही काम गर्न सक्दैन र सफ्टवेयर बिना पनि हार्डवेयरले केही कार्य सञ्चालन गर्न सक्दैन । यी दुवै हार्डवेयर र सफ्टवेयरको पुर्ण मिलन भएपछि मात्र कम्प्युटरले कार्य सञ्चालन गर्न सक्छ । त्यसैले यी दुई तत्वहरूलाई एकै सिक्काको दुई पाटोको रूपमा वर्णन गर्न सकिन्छ । </p><p>सामान्यत: कम्प्युटरमा हुने एक प्रकारको <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0)" title="मेमोरी (कम्प्युटर)">मेमरी</a>मा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="तथ्याङ्क">तथ्याङ्क</a> भन्डारण गरिन्छ, कुनै एक वस्तुले गणितिय तथा तार्किक कार्य गर्दछ भने अर्को क्रमाङ्क तथा नियन्त्रण वस्तुले कार्यहरूको श्रेणी जानकारीको भन्डारणको आधारमा परिवर्तन गर्दछ । यसमा हुने <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="पेरिफेरल साधन">पेरिफेरल साधन</a>हरूले जानकारीलाई बाह्य स्रोतबाट भित्र्याउनुका साथै परिणामलाई बाहिर श्रोता समक्ष पुर्याउने गर्दछ । </p><p>कम्प्युटरको प्रोसेसिङ विभागले जानकारीहरूको पङ्क्ति सम्पादन गरेर तथ्याङ्क पढने, निर्वाहित गर्ने तथा भन्डारण गर्ने गर्दछ । निर्णायक जानकारीले क्रमाङ्किक जानकारीलाई यन्त्रको अथवा वातावरणको हालको अवस्थाको कार्यका आधारमा परिवर्तन गर्छ। </p><p>पहिलो विद्युतिय कम्प्युटरहरू २०औं शताब्दिको मध्य(सन् १९४०-१९४५)मा विकसित भएका हुन्। मौलिक रूपमा, तिनिहरू ठुला कोठाको जत्रो <span title="Size" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">नाप</span> भएका र विद्युतिय खपत हजारौं आधुनिक कम्प्युटरहरूले जति गर्ने खालका थिए।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>आधुनिक कम्प्युटरहरू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F" title="इन्टिग्रेटेड सर्किट">ईन्टिग्रेटेड सर्किट्स</a> प्रविधिका आधारमा बन्ने भएकाले यिनिहरू पहिलेका यन्त्रभन्दा लाखौं-करोडौँ गुणा बढी क्षमतावान् र नाम मात्र केही आशंका हुन्छन्।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>२<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> सामान्य कम्प्युटरहरू प्रशस्तै सानो हुने हुँदा यिनिहरू मोबाइल साधनमा सजिलै अटाउँछन्, मोबाइल कम्प्युटरलाई विद्युतिय पावर साना बैटरी(battery)बाट सजिलै उपलब्ध गराउन सकिन्छ। <span title="Personal computers" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">पर्सनल् कम्प्युटर</span>हरू आफ्नो अनेकौँ रूपमा ईन्फर्मेसन् युगका मर्ति हुनुका साथै धेरै मानिसले सोच्ने गरेका ' कम्प्युटर्स्' हुन्। अन्तत: ईम्बेडेड कम्प्युटरहरू धेरै खाले उपकरणहरू एम पि थ्रि प्लयेर्स् देखि आधुनिक युध्द विमान र <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="खेलौना">खेलौना</a> देखि उध्योग यन्त्रमानव सम्म प्रचुर मात्रामा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="व्युत्पत्ति"><span id=".E0.A4.B5.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF"></span>व्युत्पत्ति</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="खण्ड: व्युत्पत्ति सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="एक मानव कम्प्यूटर" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg/250px-X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg/375px-X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg/500px-X-4_with_Female_Computer_-_GPN-2000-001932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>एक मानव कम्प्युटर , माइक्रोस्कोप र क्याल्कुलेटर संग , 1952</figcaption></figure> <p>२० औं शताब्दीको मध्यसम्म यो शब्दले आफ्नो आधुनिक परिभाषा हासिल गरेको थिएन; अक्सफोर्ड अंग्रेजी शब्दकोशका अनुसार, कम्प्युटर शब्दको पहिलो ज्ञात प्रयोग फरक अर्थमा भएको थियो, अंग्रेजी लेखक रिचर्ड ब्राथवेटको 1613 मा द योंग म्यान्स ग्लेनिङ्ग्स नामक पुस्तकमा: "मैले टाइम्सको सबैभन्दा सत्य कम्प्युटर पढेको छु, र सबै भन्दा राम्रो अंकगणितज्ञ जो euer [sic] सास फेर्नुभयो, र उहाँले तपाईंको दिनहरू छोटो संख्यामा घटाउनुहुन्छ।" शब्दको यो प्रयोगले मानव कम्प्युटरलाई जनाउँछ, एक व्यक्ति जसले गणना गर्दछ। 20 औं शताब्दीको मध्य सम्म यो शब्द समान अर्थ संग जारी थियो। यस अवधिको उत्तरार्धमा प्रायः महिलाहरूलाई कम्प्युटरको रूपमा काममा लगाइयो किनभने उनीहरूलाई उनीहरूका पुरुष समकक्षहरू भन्दा कम तलब दिन सकिन्छ।<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans201823_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans201823-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>३<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1943 सम्म, अधिकांश मानव कम्प्युटर महिलाहरू थिए।<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20136_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20136-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>४<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>अनलाइन एटिमोलोजी डिक्शनरीले 1640 मा कम्प्युटरको पहिलो प्रमाणित प्रयोग दिन्छ, जसको अर्थ 'गणना गर्ने व्यक्ति'; यो एक "कम्प्युट (v.) बाट एजेन्ट संज्ञा" हो। अनलाइन एटिमोलोजी डिक्शनरीले बताउँछ कि शब्दको प्रयोग भनेको "'गणना गर्ने मेसिन' (कुनै पनि प्रकारको) 1897 बाट हो।" अनलाइन व्युत्पत्ति शब्दकोशले संकेत गर्दछ कि शब्दको "आधुनिक प्रयोग" को अर्थ "प्रोग्रामेबल डिजिटल इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्प्यूटर" मिति "1945 यस नाम अन्तर्गत; [एक] सैद्धांतिक [अर्थ] 1937 देखि, ट्युरिङ मेसिनको रूपमा"।<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>५<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> आधुनिक कम्प्युटरहरू धेरै उच्च-स्तर प्रकार्यहरू गर्न सक्षम छन्, यद्यपि नाम त्यही रहेको छ । </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इतिहास"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B8"></span>इतिहास</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="खण्ड: इतिहास सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="पूर्व-20_औं_शताब्दी"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B5-20_.E0.A4.94.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.B6.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AC.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.80"></span>पूर्व-20 औं शताब्दी</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="खण्ड: पूर्व-20 औं शताब्दी सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG/140px-Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG/210px-Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG/280px-Os_d%27Ishango_IRSNB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="2274" /></a><figcaption> इशाङ्गो हड्डी, प्रागैतिहासिक अफ्रिकामा प्रयोग हुने एक हड्डी औजार</figcaption></figure> <p>उपकरण यन्त्रहरू हजारौं वर्षदेखि गणनालाई सहयोग गर्न प्रायः औंलाहरूसँग एक-को लागि-एक माध्यम बाट प्रयोग गरिदै आएको छ, । प्रारम्भिक गणना यन्त्र सम्भवतः ट्याली स्टिकको रूप थियो। पछि उर्वर अर्धचन्द्राकार भूखण्ड भरि रेकर्ड राख्ने सहायकहरूमा क्याल्कुली (माटोको गोलो, कोन, इत्यादि) समावेश थियो जसले वस्तुहरूको गन्ती, सम्भावित पशुधन वा खाली काँचो माटोको कन्टेनरहरूमा बन्द गरेर राखिएको अनाजहरू प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दथ्यो। <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>क<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>६<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> गन्ती रडहरूको प्रयोग पनि एउटा उदाहरण हो। </p><p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Abacus_6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Abacus_6.png" decoding="async" width="247" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption>चिनियाँ सुआनपान (<span lang="zh">算盘</span>)। यो <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="अबाकस">अबाकस</a> मा प्रतिनिधित्व संख्या 6,302,715,408 हो। </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="अबाकस">अबाकस</a> प्रारम्भमा अंकगणितीय कार्यहरूको लागि प्रयोग गरिएको थियो। रोमन <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="अबाकस">अबाकस</a> 2400 ईसा पूर्वमा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बेबिलोनिया">बेबिलोनिया</a>मा प्रयोग गरिएका उपकरणहरूबाट विकसित भएको थियो। तब देखि, गणना बोर्ड वा तालिका को धेरै अन्य रूपहरु आविष्कार गरिएको छ। एक मध्ययुगीन युरोपेली गिनती घर मा, एक चेकर कपडा एक टेबल मा राखिन्थ्यो, र पैसा को राशि को गणना को लागि मार्कर हरु एक सहायता को रूप मा, केहि नियमहरु अनुसार यो वरिपरि सार्ने गरिन्थ्यो।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>७<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg/180px-NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg/270px-NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg/360px-NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption>प्राचीन ग्रीस लगभग 150-100 ईसा पूर्वमा रहेको, प्रारम्भिक एनालग कम्प्युटिङ उपकरण हो। </figcaption></figure> <p><br /> डेरेक जे. डे सोला प्राइसका अनुसार एन्टिकिथेरा मेकानिज्मलाई प्रारम्भिक ज्ञात मेकानिकल एनालग कम्प्युटर मानिन्छ।<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>८<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> यो खगोलीय स्थिति पता लगाउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। यो 1901 मा एन्टिकिथेराको ग्रीक टापुमा एन्टिकिथेरा भग्नावशेषमा पत्ता लगाइएको थियो, काइथेरा र क्रेटको बीचमा, र लगभग ई. 100 ईसा पूर्व पुरानो भएको मानिन्छ। Antikythera तंत्र को तुलनात्मक जटिलता को उपकरण चौधौं शताब्दी सम्म पुन: देखा परेन।<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>९<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1831-1835 मा, गणितज्ञ र इन्जिनियर जियोभन्नी प्लानाले एक पर्पेचुअल पात्रो मेशिन बनाए, जसले पुली र सिलिन्डर को प्रणाली मार्फत 0 CE (अर्थात, 1 ईसापूर्व) देखि 4000 CE सम्म प्रत्येक वर्षको लागि लीप वर्ष र परिवर्तन हुँदै जाने दिनको लम्बाइको ट्रयाक राख्दै स्थायी पात्रोको भविष्यवाणी गर्न सक्थ्यो। 1872 मा स्कटल्याण्डका वैज्ञानिक सर विलियम थमसनले आविष्कार गरेको ज्वारभाटा भविष्यवाणी गर्ने मेसिनको उथले पानीमा नेभिगेसनको लागि ठूलो उपयोगिता थियो। यसले स्वचालित रूपमा एक निश्चित स्थानमा निर्धारित अवधिको लागि भविष्यवाणी गरिएको ज्वार स्तरहरू गणना गर्न पुलीहरू र तारहरूको प्रणाली प्रयोग गरेको थियो। </p><p>भिन्नता विश्लेषक, एकीकरण द्वारा विभेदक समीकरणहरू समाधान गर्न डिजाइन गरिएको एक मेकानिकल एनालग कम्प्युटरले एकीकरण प्रदर्शन गर्न व्हील-र-डिस्क संयन्त्रहरू प्रयोग गर्दथ्यो । सन् 1876 मा, सर विलियम थॉमसनले पहिले नै यस्तो क्यालकुलेटरको सम्भावित निर्माणको बारेमा चर्चा गरिसकेका थिए, तर बल-एन्ड-डिस्क इन्टिग्रेटरहरूको सीमित आउटपुट टोक़ द्वारा उनी ठगिएका थिए। <sup id="cite_ref-scientific-computing.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientific-computing.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१०<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> एक विभेदक विश्लेषकमा, एउटा इन्टिग्रेटरको आउटपुटले अर्को इन्टिग्रेटरको इनपुट वा ग्राफिङ आउटपुटलाई ड्राइभ गर्छ। टोक़ एम्पलीफायरको सुधारले यी मेसिनहरूलाई काम गर्न मद्दत गर्यो। 1920 को दशकमा, भान्नेभर बुश र अरूले मेकानिकल भिन्नता विश्लेषकहरू विकास गरे। </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Jacquard.loom.full.view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jacquard.loom.full.view.jpg/220px-Jacquard.loom.full.view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Jacquard.loom.full.view.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>ज्याक्वार्ड लुम्, विज्ञान तथा उद्योगको संग्रहालय म्यान्चेस्टर, ईङ्ल्यान्ड,मा राखिएको, एक पहिलो प्रोग्रामेबल साधन हो।</figcaption></figure> <p>कम्प्युटर भन्ने शब्दको पहिलो उच्चारण सन् १६१३मा भएको तथ्याङ्क छ, जुन शब्दले हिसाब र <span title="Compute" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">गणना</span> गर्ने ब्यक्तिलाई २०औँ शताब्दिको मध्य सम्म पनि जनाईन्थ्यो। १९औँ शताब्दिको अन्त्यदेखि चाहिँ, सो शब्द आफ्नो वास्तविक अर्थमा प्रयोग गर्न थालियो, जसले गणना गर्ने यन्त्र भनेर जनाउदथ्यो।<sup id="cite_ref-OEDComputer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEDComputer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>११<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> सन् १६१४ मा जोन नेपियर्सले नेपियर बोनको अविष्कार गरे । त्यसैगरी १६२० मा विलियम आउटर्डले स्लाईड रूलको अविष्कार गरे । जुन जोड घटाउ गर्न सक्थ्यो । १६४२ मा ब्लेज पास्कलले पास्कलाईन को अविष्कार गरे । सन १८२२ मा चार्ल्स ब्याबेजले डिफरेन्स इन्जीनको निमार्ण गरे । त्यस्तै १८३३ मा एनालाईटिकल इन्जीन पनि बनाए । उनको यो इन्जीनमा स्टोर को सिद्दान्त प्रयोग भएकाले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="चार्ल्स ब्याबेज">चार्ल्स ब्याबेज</a>लाई कम्प्युटरको पिता पनि भनिन्छ । पहिलो इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्प्युटर जेड् वान (Z1)हो । जसको निमार्णकर्ता कोनर्ड जुस हुन । </p><p>मेसिन आफ्नो समय भन्दा करिब एक शताब्दी अगाडि थियो। उसको मेसिनको लागि सबै पार्ट्सहरू हातले बनाउनुपर्थ्यो - यो हजारौं भागहरू भएको उपकरणको लागि ठूलो समस्या थियो। अन्ततः,<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार">संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार</a>को कोष बन्द गर्ने निर्णय संगै परियोजना भंग भयो। ब्याबेजको विश्लेषणात्मक इन्जिन पूरा गर्न असफल हुनु मुख्यतया राजनीतिक र आर्थिक कठिनाइका साथै बढ्दो परिष्कृत कम्प्युटर विकास गर्ने र अरू कसैले पछ्याउन सक्ने भन्दा छिटो अगाडि बढ्ने उनको चाहनालाई श्रेय दिन सकिन्छ। यद्यपि, उनका छोरा, हेनरी ब्याबेजले 1888 मा विश्लेषणात्मक इन्जिनको कम्प्युटिङ एकाइ (मिल) को सरलीकृत संस्करण पूरा गरे। उनले 1906 मा कम्प्युटिङ टेबलहरूमा यसको प्रयोगको सफल प्रदर्शन दिए। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल_गणना_मेसिन"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.B2.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.9F.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B2_.E0.A4.97.E0.A4.A3.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A8"></span>इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल गणना मेसिन</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="खण्ड: इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल गणना मेसिन सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg/220px-Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg/330px-Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg/440px-Aritm%C3%B3metro_Electromec%C3%A1nico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>लियोनार्डो टोरेस क्वेवेडो द्वारा इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल गणना मेसिन (1920)</figcaption></figure> <p>1914 मा प्रकाशित अटोमेटिक्समा आफ्नो निबन्धमा, लियोनार्डो टोरेस क्वेवेडोले मेकानिकल डिफरन्स इन्जिन र एनालिटिकल इन्जिन निर्माणमा ब्याबेजको प्रयासको संक्षिप्त इतिहास लेखे। उनले विश्लेषणात्मक इन्जिनलाई मेसिनको सम्भावित शक्तिको बारेमा आफ्नो सिद्धान्तको उदाहरणको रूपमा वर्णन गरे, र यस्तो इन्जिन डिजाइन गर्ने समस्यालाई इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल उपकरणहरूको आविष्कारकको रूपमा आफ्नो कौशलतालाई चुनौतीको रूपमा लिन्छन्। कागजमा स्वचालित रूपमा सूत्रको मान पता लगाउन सक्षम मेसिनको डिजाइन समावेश छ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a^{x}(y-z)^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>z</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a^{x}(y-z)^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f171c18a804b28aee37b7074cc778659bd2dc4af" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.35ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a^{x}(y-z)^{2}}"></span> , सम्मिलित चरहरूको मानहरूको सेटहरूको अनुक्रमको लागि। सम्पूर्ण मेसिन एक पढ्ने मात्र कार्यक्रम द्वारा नियन्त्रण गरिएको थियो, जुन सशर्त शाखा को लागी प्रावधान संग पूर्ण थियो। उनले फ्लोटिंग बिन्दु अंकगणित को विचार पनि पेश गरे।<sup id="cite_ref-LTQ1914es_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LTQ1914es-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१२<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१३<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१४<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1920 मा, अंकगणित नाप्ने यन्त्रको आविष्कारको 100 औं वार्षिकोत्सव मनाउन, टोरेसले पेरिसमा एक इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल विश्लेषणात्मक इन्जिनको सम्भाव्यता प्रदर्शन गर्नको लागि <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१५<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल एरिथमोमिटर प्रस्तुत गर्‍यो, जसमा (सम्भवतः रिमोट) टाइपराइटरसँग जोडिएको अंकगणित एकाइ समावेश थियो, जसमा आदेशहरू टाइप गर्न सकिन्छ र परिणामहरू स्वचालित रूपमा छापिन्छ।<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandell19826,_11–13_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandell19826,_11–13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१६<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Randell1982p109_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Randell1982p109-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१७<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromley1990_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromley1990-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१८<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="एनालग_कम्प्युटरहरू"><span id=".E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.97_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.82"></span>एनालग कम्प्युटरहरू</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="खण्ड: एनालग कम्प्युटरहरू सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:099-tpm3-sk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/099-tpm3-sk.jpg/200px-099-tpm3-sk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/099-tpm3-sk.jpg/300px-099-tpm3-sk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/099-tpm3-sk.jpg/400px-099-tpm3-sk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3921" data-file-height="3793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="केल्भिन थमसन">केल्भिन थमसन</a>को तेस्रो ज्वारभाटा भविष्यवाणी गर्ने मेसिन डिजाइन, 1879-81</figcaption></figure> <p>20 औं शताब्दीको पहिलो भागमा, धेरै वैज्ञानिक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8" title="गणन">गणन</a> आवश्यकताहरू बढ्दो परिष्कृत एनालग कम्प्युटरहरूद्वारा पूरा गरियो, जसले गणनाको लागि आधारको रूपमा समस्याको प्रत्यक्ष मेकानिकल वा विद्युतीय मोडेल प्रयोग गर्दथ्यो। यद्यपि, यी प्रोग्रामयोग्य थिएनन् र सामान्यतया आधुनिक डिजिटल कम्प्यूटरको बहुमुखी प्रतिभा र शुद्धताको कमी थियो।<sup id="cite_ref-stanf_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanf-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१९<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> पहिलो आधुनिक एनालग कम्प्यूटर ज्वारभाटा भविष्यवाणी गर्ने मेसिन थियो, जसको आविष्कार <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="केल्भिन थमसन">केल्भिन थमसन</a> (पछि लर्ड केल्भिन बने) द्वारा 1872 मा गरिएको थियो। भिन्नता विश्लेषक, एक मेकानिकल एनालग कम्प्यूटर व्हील-र-डिस्क मेकानिजमहरू प्रयोग गरेर एकीकरण गरेर भिन्नता समीकरणहरू समाधान गर्न अधिक प्रसिद्ध सर विलियम थॉमसन को दाइ जेम्स थॉमसन द्वारा 1876 मा अवधारणा सहित डिजाइन गरिएको थियो।<sup id="cite_ref-scientific-computing.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientific-computing.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१०<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>मेकानिकल एनालग कम्प्युटिङको कला 1927 मा MIT मा H.L. Hazen र Vannevar Bush द्वारा निर्मित डिफरेंशियल एनालाइजरको साथ आफ्नो चरम सीमामा पुग्यो। यो जेम्स थमसनको मेकानिकल इन्टिग्रेटरहरू र H. W. Nieman द्वारा आविष्कार गरिएको टर्क एम्पलीफायरहरूमा पनि प्रयोग गरिएको थियो। यी मध्ये एक दर्जन उपकरणहरू तिनीहरूको अप्रचलितता स्पष्ट हुनु अघि निर्माण गरिएको थियो। 1950 को दशक सम्म, डिजिटल इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्प्यूटरको सफलताले अधिकांश एनालग कम्प्युटिङ मेसिनहरूको लागि अन्त्य गरेको थियो, तर एनालग कम्प्युटरहरू 1950 को दशकमा शिक्षा (स्लाइड नियम) र विमान (नियन्त्रण प्रणाली) जस्ता विशेष अनुप्रयोगहरूमा प्रयोगमा रहे। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="डिजिटल_कम्प्युटरहरू"><span id=".E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.B2_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.82"></span>डिजिटल कम्प्युटरहरू</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="खण्ड: डिजिटल कम्प्युटरहरू सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.B2.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.9F.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B2"></span>इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="खण्ड: इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1938 सम्म, संयुक्त राज्य नौसेनाले पनडुब्बीमा सवार प्रयोग गर्न पर्याप्त सानो इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल एनालग कम्प्युटर विकास गरेको थियो। यो टोरपेडो डाटा कम्प्युटर थियो, जसले चलिरहेको लक्ष्यमा टोरपेडो फायर गर्ने समस्या समाधान गर्न त्रिकोणमिति प्रयोग गर्दथ्यो। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध">दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध</a>को दौडान अन्य देशहरूमा पनि यस्तै उपकरणहरू विकसित भएका थिए। </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG/200px-Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG/300px-Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG/400px-Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>, Konrad Zuse को Z3 को प्रतिकृति ,पहिलो पूर्ण स्वचालित, डिजिटल (इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल) कम्प्युटर</figcaption></figure><p> प्रारम्भिक डिजिटल कम्प्युटरहरू इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल थिए; बिजुली स्विचहरूले गणना प्रदर्शन गर्न मेकानिकल रिलेहरू चलाए। यी यन्त्रहरूमा कम सञ्चालन गति थियो र मूल रूपमा भ्याकुम ट्युबहरू प्रयोग गरेर अन्ततः धेरै छिटो सबै-विद्युतीय कम्प्युटरहरू द्वारा हटाइयो। Z2, जर्मन इन्जिनियर कोनराड जुस द्वारा 1939 मा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="बर्लिन">बर्लिन</a> मा सिर्जना गरिएको, इलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल रिले कम्प्युटरको प्रारम्भिक उदाहरणहरू मध्ये एक थियो। </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-Part_4_Zuse_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_4_Zuse-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>२०<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="कम्प्युटरका_अविष्कारक"><span id=".E0.A4.95.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.85.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.B7.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.95"></span>कम्प्युटरका अविष्कारक</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="खण्ड: कम्प्युटरका अविष्कारक सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>चालर्स बेबेजलाई कम्प्युटरका पिता भनिन्छ । नयाँ इलेक्ट्रोनिक डिजिटल कम्प्युटरका आविष्कारक अलान मेथिजन ट्युरीङ(Alan methison turing)हुन । उनी इङल्यान्डका बैज्ञानिक थिए । उनले नै अटोमेटिक कम्प्युटिङ इन्जीन को अविष्कार गर्न सहयोग पुर्याए । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="सिमित-कृतिय_पुरातात्विक_कम्प्युटर"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A4-.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.83.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF_.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.B0"></span>सिमित-कृतिय पुरातात्विक कम्प्युटर</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="खण्ड: सिमित-कृतिय पुरातात्विक कम्प्युटर सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ_सामग्री"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80"></span>सन्दर्भ सामग्री</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="खण्ड: सन्दर्भ सामग्री सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">सन् १९४६, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ENIAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ENIAC (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">ENIAC</a> लाई १७४ kW पॉवर लाग्थ्यो। यसको तुलनामा हेर्दा, एउटा आधुनिक ल्यापटप कम्प्युटरले लगभग ३० W; पॉवर खपत् गर्छ, झन्डै ६ हजार गुणा कम। <span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upenn.edu/computing/provider/docs/hardware/powerusage.html">"Approximate Desktop & Notebook Power Usage"</a>, University of Pennsylvania<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच २००९-०६-२०</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.btitle=Approximate+Desktop+%26+Notebook+Power+Usage&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upenn.edu%2Fcomputing%2Fprovider%2Fdocs%2Fhardware%2Fpowerusage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Early" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">पुरातात्विक</span> कम्प्युटरहरू जस्तै: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कोलोस्स् कम्प्युटर (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">कॉलिस कॉम्प्युटर</a> र <a href="/w/index.php?title=ENIAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ENIAC (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">ENIAC</a>ले ५ देखि १०० बिचका कार्यको एक सेकेन्डमा <span title="Process" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">रिति</span> पुरा गर्थे। एक आधुनिक "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सामाग्रि (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">सामाग्रि</a>" <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="माईक्रोप्रोसेसर (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">माईक्रोप्रोसेसर</a> (सन् २००७ सम्ममा)ले करोडौँ कार्यको एक सेकेन्डमा रिति पुरा गर्छ, र धेरै जसा कार्यहरू पुरतात्विक कार्यभन्दा अप्ठ्यारा र फाईदाजनक छन्। <span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intel.com/cd/channel/reseller/asmo-na/eng/products/mobile/processors/core2duo_m/feature/index.htm">"Intel Core2 Duo Mobile Processor: Features"</a>, Intel Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच २००९-०६-२०</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.btitle=Intel+Core2+Duo+Mobile+Processor%3A+Features&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fcd%2Fchannel%2Freseller%2Fasmo-na%2Feng%2Fproducts%2Fmobile%2Fprocessors%2Fcore2duo_m%2Ffeature%2Findex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans201823-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans201823_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2018">Evans 2018</a>, पृष्ठ 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20136-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20136_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2013">Smith 2013</a>, पृष्ठ 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116065135/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=computer">"computer (n.)"</a>, <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i> (en-USमा), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=computer">मूल</a>बाट १६ नोभेम्बर २०१६-मा सङ्ग्रहित<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच २०२१-०८-१९</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.atitle=computer+%28n.%29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dcomputer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Robson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleanor Robson (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">Robson, Eleanor</a> (२००८), <i>Mathematics in Ancient Iraq</i>, Princeton University Press, पृ: ५, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0-691-09182-2" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0-691-09182-2">978-0-691-09182-2</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.au=Robson%2C+Eleanor&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.btitle=Mathematics+in+Ancient+Iraq&rft.date=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-09182-2&rft.pages=%E0%A5%AB&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>: calculi were in use in Iraq for primitive accounting systems as early as 3200–3000 BCE, with commodity-specific counting representation systems. Balanced accounting was in use by 3000–2350 BCE, and a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexagesimal_number_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexagesimal number system (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">sexagesimal number system</a> was in use 2350–2000 BCE.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Flegg, Graham. (१९८९), <i>Numbers through the ages</i> (en-USमा), Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Education, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/0-333-49130-0" title="विशेष:BookSources/0-333-49130-0">0-333-49130-0</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ओसिएलसी (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">ओसिएलसी</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/24660570">24660570</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.au=Flegg%2C+Graham.&rft.aulast=Flegg%2C+Graham.&rft.btitle=Numbers+through+the+ages&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-333-49130-0&rft.place=Houndmills%2C+Basingstoke%2C+Hampshire&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24660570&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/project/general/the-project.html"><i>The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project</i></a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब्याक मेसिन">वेब्याक मेसिन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080428070448/http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/project/general/the-project.html">अभिलेखिकरण</a> २८ अप्रिल २००८ मिति, The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Retrieved 1 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Marchant, Jo (१ नोभेम्बर २००६), "In search of lost time", <i>Nature</i> <b>444</b> (7119): 534–538, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="आइएसएसएन">आइएसएसएन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="डिजिटल वस्तु अभिज्ञापक">डिओआई</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F444534a">10.1038/444534a</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पबमेड पहिचानकर्ता (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">पिएमआइडी</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17136067">17136067</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="बिब कोड (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">बिबकोड</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.444..534M">2006Natur.444..534M</a>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.atitle=In+search+of+lost+time&rft.au=Marchant%2C+Jo&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft.aulast=Marchant&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AC&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.issue=7119&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=534%E2%80%93538&rft.volume=444&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.444..534M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F444534a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17136067&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scientific-computing.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-scientific-computing.com_11-0">१०.०</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-scientific-computing.com_11-1">१०.१</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ray Girvan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientific-computing.com/scwmayjun03computingmachines.html">"The revealed grace of the mechanism: computing after Babbage"</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब्याक मेसिन">वेब्याक मेसिन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094710/http://www.scientific-computing.com/scwmayjun03computingmachines.html">अभिलेखिकरण</a> ३ नोभेम्बर २०१२ मिति, <i>Scientific Computing World</i>, May/June 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEDComputer-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OEDComputer_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITEREF१९८९" class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/"><i>कम्प्युटर, </i>ना.<i><span></span></i></a>, Oxford English Dictionary (२ संस्करण), Oxford University Press, १९८९<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच २००९-०४-१०</span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%2C+%27%27%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE.%27%27&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF&rft.edition=%E0%A5%A8&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.series=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब्याक मेसिन">वेब्याक मेसिन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060625103623/http://dictionary.oed.com/">अभिलेखिकरण</a> २००६-०६-२५ मिति</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LTQ1914es-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LTQ1914es_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Torres Quevedo. <i>Ensayos sobre Automática – Su definicion. Extension teórica de sus aplicaciones,</i> Revista de la Academia de Ciencias Exacta, Revista 12, pp. 391–418, 1914.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Torres Quevedo, Leonardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quickclick.es/rop/pdf/publico/1914/1914_tomoI_2043_01.pdf">Automática: Complemento de la Teoría de las Máquinas, (pdf)</a>, pp. 575-583, Revista de Obras Públicas, 19 November 1914.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald T. Kneusel. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eq4ZDgAAQBAJ&dq=leonardo+torres+quevedo++electromechanical+machine+essays&pg=PA84">Numbers and Computers</a>,</i> Springer, pp. 84-85, 2017. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-3-319-50508-4" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-3-319-50508-4">९७८-३-३१९-५०५०८-४</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Randell, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1074100.1074334">Digital Computers, History of Origins, (pdf)</a>, p. 545, Digital Computers: Origins, Encyclopedia of Computer Science, January 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERandell19826,_11–13-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandell19826,_11–13_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRandell1982">Randell 1982</a>, पृष्ठ 6, 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Randell1982p109-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Randell1982p109_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Randell. <i>Electromechanical Calculating Machine,</i> The Origins of Digital Computers, pp.109-120, 1982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromley1990-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromley1990_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromley1990">Bromley 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanf-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-stanf_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100712072148/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/"><i>The Modern History of Computing</i></a> (en-USमा), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, २०१७, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/">मूल</a>बाट १२ जुलाई २०१०-मा सङ्ग्रहित<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच ७ जनवरी २०१४</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.btitle=The+Modern+History+of+Computing&rft.date=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fcomputing-history%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Part_4_Zuse-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Part_4_Zuse_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Zuse, Horst, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601210541/http://www.epemag.com/zuse/part4a.htm">"Part 4: Konrad Zuse's Z1 and Z3 Computers"</a>, <i>The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse</i>, EPE Online, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epemag.com/zuse/part4a.htm">मूल</a>बाट १ जुन २००८-मा सङ्ग्रहित<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच १७ जुन २००८</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&rft.atitle=Part+4%3A+Konrad+Zuse%27s+Z1+and+Z3+Computers&rft.au=Zuse%2C+Horst&rft.aufirst=Horst&rft.aulast=Zuse&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Konrad+Zuse&rft.pub=EPE+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epemag.com%2Fzuse%2Fpart4a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब्याक मेसिन">वेब्याक मेसिन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601210541/http://www.epemag.com/zuse/part4a.htm">अभिलेखिकरण</a> १ जुन २००८ मिति</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="बाह्य_कडीहरू"><span id=".E0.A4.AC.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.A1.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.82"></span>बाह्य कडीहरू</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="खण्ड: बाह्य कडीहरू सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1120206">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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