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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pietro Balsamo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 9 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Apselamus" title="Petr Apselamus - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Petr Apselamus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Apselamus" title="Peter Apselamus - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peter Apselamus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Aps%C3%A9lamos" title="Pedro Apsélamos - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedro Apsélamos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Aps%C3%A9lamos" title="Pierre Apsélamos - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre Apsélamos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Петар Авесаламит - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Петар Авесаламит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Balsamos-Apselamos" title="Piotr Balsamos-Apselamos - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piotr Balsamos-Apselamos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Apselamos" title="Pedro Apselamos - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedro Apselamos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Петар Авесаламит - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Петар Авесаламит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Apselamo" title="Petro Apselamo - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Petro Apselamo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background: #FFD010; color: black">San Pietro Balsamo</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_(1903-1911)_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%281903-1911%29_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png/108px-%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%281903-1911%29_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%281903-1911%29_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png/162px-%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%281903-1911%29_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%281903-1911%29_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png/217px-%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%281903-1911%29_-_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_05123_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="1327" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #FFD010; color: black; line-height:5px; padding:0"> </th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><p>Martire</p> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #FFD010; color: black; line-height:5px; padding:0"> </th></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Eleutheropolis</a>, seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/III_secolo" title="III secolo">III secolo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Morte</th><td><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Aulana</a>, 3 gennaio <a href="/wiki/311" title="311">311</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Venerazione" title="Venerazione">Venerato</a> da</th><td>Chiesa cattolica </td></tr><tr><th>Ricorrenza</th><td><a href="/wiki/3_gennaio" title="3 gennaio">3 gennaio</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Santo/man" title="Template:Santo/man"><span title="Manuale del template Santo">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pietro Balsamo</b>, detto anche <b>Apselamo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Eleutheropolis</a>, seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/III_secolo" title="III secolo">III secolo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Aulana</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_gennaio" title="3 gennaio">3 gennaio</a> <a href="/wiki/311" title="311">311</a>), fu un giovane <a href="/wiki/Culto_dei_martiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Culto dei martiri">martire</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">palestinese</a> morto all'inizio del <a href="/wiki/IV_secolo" title="IV secolo">IV secolo</a> al tempo delle feroci persecuzioni ordinate dall'imperatore <a href="/wiki/Massimino_Daia" title="Massimino Daia">Massimino Daia</a> (308-311). È venerato come <a href="/wiki/Santo" title="Santo">santo</a> e dalla <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica" title="Chiesa cattolica">Chiesa cattolica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le notizie sulla vita del santo derivano da un antico documento scritto in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca">lingua greca</a>, tradotto e in seguito riportato negli <i>Acta Sanctorum</i>, ampio testo in stile enciclopedico incentrato sulle vicende di santi e martiri per la loro fede (pubblicato nel <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>). </p><p>È da annoverare tra questi ultimi un tale Pietro, mai citato in altre opere letterarie cristiane, presentato qui come un giovane di retta condotta cristiana, imprigionato per la sua fede in una fortezza di Aulana, in <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>. Il racconto si rivela piuttosto utile per la ricostruzione storica della vita del santo: sarebbe nato a Eleutheropolis, un'antica città della Palestina distante 53 chilometri da <a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Gerusalemme</a>, da una famiglia che faceva di nome Balsamo. </p><p>Riconosciuto come cristiano dopo essersi rifiutato di abiurare, come ordinato dall'<a href="/wiki/Editto" title="Editto">editto</a> emanato dall'imperatore Massimino Daia, Pietro venne trasferito nelle carceri di Aulana, non distanti dalla città di <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>. Qui venne sottoposto ad un duro interrogatorio, dettagliatamente descritto negli "Atti", da parte del <a href="/wiki/Governatore" title="Governatore">governatore</a> della provincia, <a href="/wiki/Severo" class="mw-disambig" title="Severo">Severo</a>. </p><p>Dopo aver interpellato il santo chiedendo informazioni sul suo nome e la sua famiglia, il prefetto iniziò con vani tentativi per intimorirlo, invitandolo a sottomersi al potere degli imperatori; alle sue domande, il santo rispose con evidente disinvoltura e profonda fiducia nella <a href="/wiki/Vita_eterna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita eterna">vita eterna</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«La mia intenzione non è offenderti; non faccio altro che obbedire a quanto scritto nelle leggi divine.» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Pietro Balsamo. Dagli "Atti del processo"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>)</p></div> <p>Dopo aver invano tentato di sedurlo ad adorare gli <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_romana" title="Mitologia romana">dèi romani</a>, Severo cercò di dissuaderlo sottoponendolo alla tortura del <a href="/wiki/Cavalletto_(tortura)" title="Cavalletto (tortura)">cavalletto</a>; dopo che il prefetto gli rivolse parole di scherno, Pietro rispose in tono per nulla intimorito, sfidandolo apertamente. I presenti, commossi alla vista delle abbondanti perdite di sangue del santo, lo incitarono a loro volta ad adorare gli dèi, non ottenendo altro se non un derisorio rifiuto. </p><p>Esasperato, Severo sentenziò la condanna a morte, ordinando che "colui che aveva rifiutato di obbedire al decreto dell'invincibilità degli imperatori e aveva ostinatamente difeso i comandi di un crocifisso" meritava una pena tale e quale a quest'ultimo, ossia la <a href="/wiki/Crocifissione" title="Crocifissione">crocifissione</a>. La sentenza venne eseguita immediatamente sicché Pietro Balsamo venne crocifisso ad Aulana il giorno stesso dell'interrogatorio, il 3 gennaio del <a href="/wiki/311" title="311">311</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altre_versioni">Altre versioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Altre versioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Altre versioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La figura di Pietro Balsamo viene ricordata anche da <a href="/wiki/Eusebio_di_Cesarea" title="Eusebio di Cesarea">Eusebio di Cesarea</a>, nella sua opera <i>I martiri della Palestina</i>, riferendo però che il santo venne bruciato vivo in <a href="/wiki/Cesarea_in_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesarea in Palestina">Cesarea</a>. </p><p>Lo studioso cristiano <a href="/wiki/Louis-S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Nain_de_Tillemont" title="Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont">Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont</a> ha ritenuto i due santi persone sostanzialmente diverse: seguendo la sua ipotesi esistono adesso due "Pietro Balsamo" nell'attuale <a href="/wiki/Calendario_dei_santi" title="Calendario dei santi">Calendario dei santi</a>: il primo, crocifisso ad Aulana, è festeggiato il 3 gennaio; il secondo, invece, arso vivo, ricordato l'11 gennaio<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026171938/http://ar.geocities.com/misa_tridentina02/ene/03g.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">San Pietro Balsamo, martire</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ar.geocities.com</span> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://ar.geocities.com/misa_tridentina02/ene/03g.html">url originale</abbr> il 26 ottobre 2009)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/37030">San Pietro, detto Apselamo o Balsamo</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Balsamo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFsantiebeati.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/37030"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pietro Balsamo</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Santi, beati e testimoni</span>, santiebeati.it.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2577177#P6126" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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