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</div> </div> </header> </div> <div id="content-wrapper" class="content-wrapper"> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title">Month: <span>April 2020</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-3887" class="post-3887 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-c"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://herbsutter.com/2020/04/01/when-the-hot-loops-done/" rel="bookmark">When the hot loop’s done: Four quick tips for high throughput</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>These short tips are useful to remember when writing high-throughput code. You may already know most of them, and if so then please spread the word — friends don’t let friends write performance bottlenecks.</p> <p>In a high-throughput hot loop:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Avoid holding locks or other resources, unless you know it won’t block another performance-sensitive thread. Definitely don’t acquire any new locks or other resources! (While you’re at it, avoid closing resources too… sure, that .Close() may claim to be nonblocking, but can you really ever be sure?)</li><li>Keep all such blocking operations outside performance-critical sections, so in those sections you can run without yielding. That includes watching out for the OS scheduler: Start that section as soon as possible after an OS context switch so that it’s as close as possible to a fresh OS thread quantum, and make sure it can finish before the OS gets tired of waiting and does the next context switch.</li><li>Don’t do I/O in hot loops. No! Don’t! Not even intermittently, which can cause gaps in your throughput. Crikey, I sometimes still see people doing console logging <em>inside a critical loop</em>. In 2020.</li><li>I/O is still okay, just defer it: Inside the hot loop, buffer up any such side effects into something like a non-allocating lock-free ring buffer in memory, or similar guaranteed-nonblocking guaranteed-throughput service. Then, after the hot loop ends, send all the buffered work out — and then you can also do all your other deferred locking, resource closing, and other blocking work, as much as you want. It’s all good when you can afford to wait.</li></ul> <p>Those are just a few tips, but they’re so popular that you may remember learning them as a <a href="https://youtu.be/7hx4gdlfamo?t=65">rhyming song as a child</a>. For high throughput, if you’re going to play the game, boy, you’ve got to learn to play it right:</p> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p>You got to know when to hold ’em<br>Know when to close ’em<br>Know when to block and wait<br>Know when to run<br>You never cout your message<br>When your throughput should be stable<br>There’ll be time enough for cout-ing<br>When the hot loop’s done</p></blockquote> <p>…</p> <p>But seriously: Thank you, Kenny. We miss you.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <a href="https://herbsutter.com/author/herbsutter/" title="Posts by Herb Sutter" rel="author">Herb Sutter</a> </span> <span class="cat-links"> <a href="https://herbsutter.com/category/c/" rel="category tag">C++</a> </span> <span class="published-on"> <a href="https://herbsutter.com/2020/04/01/when-the-hot-loops-done/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-04-01T13:44:15-08:00">2020-04-01</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-04-27T14:11:50-08:00">2020-04-27</time></a> </span> <span class="word-count">1 Minute</span> </div> </footer> </article> </main> </div> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="search-4" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://herbsutter.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></aside><aside id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h1 class="widget-title"><label for="subscribe-field">Follow by email</label></h1> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="3379246" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="3379246"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://herbsutter.com/2020/04/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="a3c2556481" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Subscribe </button> </p> </form> </div> </aside><aside id="block-2" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-medium is-resized is-style-default"><a href="https://herbsutter.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/herb-cppcon-2021.jpg"><img loading="lazy" width="300" height="230" src="https://herbsutter.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/herb-cppcon-2021.jpg?w=300" alt="" class="wp-image-5065" style="width:248px;height:auto" srcset="https://herbsutter.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/herb-cppcon-2021.jpg?w=300 300w, https://herbsutter.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/herb-cppcon-2021.jpg?w=600 600w, https://herbsutter.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/herb-cppcon-2021.jpg?w=150 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></figure> </aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p class="has-small-font-size">I'm an author and speaker, and a programming language nerd whose focus is on enabling our program code to be both clean <em>and</em> fast. I've been writing about programming since 1993, usually about C++ or about concurrency and parallelism. I'm the designer or co-designer of a number of standardized ISO C++ language and library features. I've served as the chair of the <a href="https://isocpp.org/std/the-committee">ISO C++ standards committee</a> since 2002, and as the chair of the <a href="https://isocpp.org/about">Standard C++ Foundation</a> since 2012. I'm a technical fellow at <a href="https://www.citadelsecurities.com/">Citadel Securities</a>. 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