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leptospiras</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pathogenic leptospiras"> <meta name="keywords" content="pathogenic leptospiras"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pathogenic leptospiras"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 420</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pathogenic leptospiras</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> Rapid Identification and Diagnosis of the Pathogenic Leptospiras through Comparison among Culture, PCR and Real Time PCR Techniques from Samples of Human and Mouse Feces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rostampour%20Yasouri">S. Rostampour Yasouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghane"> M. Ghane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Doudi"> M. Doudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leptospirosis is one of the most significant infectious and zoonotic diseases along with global spreading. This disease is causative agent of economoic losses and human fatalities in various countries, including Northern provinces of Iran. The aim of this research is to identify and compare the rapid diagnostic techniques of pathogenic leptospiras, considering the multifacetedness of the disease from a clinical manifestation and premature death of patients. In the spring and summer of 2020-2022, 25 fecal samples were collected from suspected leptospirosis patients and 25 Fecal samples from mice residing in the rice fields and factories in Tonekabon city. Samples were prepared by centrifugation and passing through membrane filters. Culture technique was used in liquid and solid EMJH media during one month of incubation at 30°C. Then, the media were examined microscopically. DNA extraction was conducted by extraction Kit. Diagnosis of leptospiras was enforced by PCR and Real time PCR (SYBR Green) techniques using lipL32 specific primer. Out of the patients, 11 samples (44%) and 8 samples (32%) were determined to be pathogenic Leptospira by Real time PCR and PCR technique, respectively. Out of the mice, 9 Samples (36%) and 3 samples (12%) were determined to be pathogenic Leptospira by the mentioned techniques, respectively. Although the culture technique is considered to be the gold standard technique, but due to the slow growth of pathogenic Leptospira and lack of colony formation of some species, it is not a fast technique. Real time PCR allowed rapid diagnosis with much higher accuracy compared to PCR because PCR could not completely identify samples with lower microbial load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20leptospiras" title=" pathogenic leptospiras"> pathogenic leptospiras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time%20PCR" title=" real time PCR"> real time PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165213/rapid-identification-and-diagnosis-of-the-pathogenic-leptospiras-through-comparison-among-culture-pcr-and-real-time-pcr-techniques-from-samples-of-human-and-mouse-feces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> An Acoustical Diagnosis of a Shaft-Wood Phyto-Pathogenic Damage of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buccholz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20V.%20Plugatar">Yuri V. Plugatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20P.%20Koba"> Vladimir P. Koba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20V.%20Papelbu"> Vladimir V. Papelbu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20N.%20Gerasimchuk"> Vladimir N. Gerasimchuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatjana%20M.%20Sakhno"> Tatjana M. Sakhno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using a supersonic shaft–wood tomography, the evaluation of a shaft-wood phyto-pathogenic damage level of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buccholz was prosecuted. The digital bivariate reflections of the shaft tissue damage were obtained, the characteristics of comparative parameters of the wood-decay degree were given. The investigation results allowed to show up the role of some edaphic factors in their affection on a vital condition and the level of destructive processes while shaft tissue damaging of S.giganteum. It was pinned up that soil consolidation, and hydro-morphication equally make for a phyto-pathogenic damage of plants. While soil consolidation negative acting the shaft-wood damage is located in an underneath of a shaft. In the conditions of an enlarged hydro-morphication a tissue degradation runs less intensively, the destructive processes more active spread in a vertical section of a shaft. The use of a supersonic tomography method gives wide possibilities to diagnose a shaft-wood phyto-pathogenic damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sequoiadendron%20giganteum%20%28Lindl.%29%20Buccholz" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buccholz">Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buccholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersonic%20tomography" title=" supersonic tomography"> supersonic tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phyto-pathogenic%20damage" title=" phyto-pathogenic damage"> phyto-pathogenic damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20vital%20condition" title=" a vital condition"> a vital condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78879/an-acoustical-diagnosis-of-a-shaft-wood-phyto-pathogenic-damage-of-sequoiadendron-giganteum-lindl-buccholz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Aminoreductone against Pathogenic Bacteria in Comparison with Other Antibiotics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vu%20Thu%20Trang">Vu Thu Trang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lam%20Xuan%20Thanh"> Lam Xuan Thanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Sarter"> Samira Sarter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Shimamura"> Tomoko Shimamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroaki%20Takeuchi%E3%80%80%E3%80%80"> Hiroaki Takeuchi　　</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antimicrobial activities of aminoreductone (AR), a product formed in the initial stage of Maillard reaction, were screened against pathogenic bacteria. A significant growth inhibition of AR against all 7 isolates (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923™, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC® 14028™, Bacillus cereus ATCC® 13061™, Bacillus subtilis ATCC® 11774™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 29212™, Listeria innocua ATCC® 33090™) were observed by the standard disc diffusion methods. The inhibition zone for each isolate by AR (2.5 mg) ranged from 15±0 mm to 28.3±0.4 mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AR ranging from 20 mM to 26 mM was proven in the seven isolates tested. AR also showed the similar effect of growth inhibition in comparison with antibiotics frequently used for the treatment of infections bacteria, such as amikacin, ciprofloxacin, meropennem, and levofloxacin. The results indicated that foods containing AR are valuable sources of bioactive compounds towards pathogenic bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20bacteria" title="pathogenic bacteria">pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminoreductone" title=" aminoreductone"> aminoreductone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maillard%20reaction" title=" Maillard reaction"> Maillard reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3271/study-of-the-antimicrobial-activity-of-aminoreductone-against-pathogenic-bacteria-in-comparison-with-other-antibiotics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Inhibitory Effect of Potential Bacillus Probiotic Strains against Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeast Isolated from Oral Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fdhila%20Walid">Fdhila Walid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayar%20Sihem"> Bayar Sihem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khouidi%20Bochra"> Khouidi Bochra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C3%A2touk%20Fethi"> Maâtouk Fethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Amor%20Feten"> Ben Amor Feten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajer%20Hentati"> Hajer Hentati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdhi%20Abdelkarim"> Mahdhi Abdelkarim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of resistant bacteria in the oral cavity can be the major cause of dental antibiotic prophylaxis failure. Multidrug efflux has been described for many organisms, including bacteria and fungi as part of their drugs resistance strategy. The potential use of probiotic bacteria can be considered as a new alternative in the prevention or cure of oral cavity diseases. In this study, different Bacillus strains isolated from the environment were isolated and characterized using biochemical and molecular procedures. The inhibitory activity against different pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains was tested using diffusion agar assay method. Our data revealed that the tested strains have an antimicrobial effect against the pathogenic strains such as Streptococcus mutants. The inhibitory effect was variable depending from the probiotic and pathogenic strains. The obtained result demonstrated that Bacillus can be used as a potential candidates probiotic and help in the prevention and treatment of oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. Our data, partly encourage the use of probiotic strains because they do not produce acid which can contribute to faster installation decay and these are spore-forming bacteria that can withstand the stress of the oral cavity (acids, alkalis, and salty foods). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title="probiotic">probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" pathogenic bacteria"> pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cavity" title=" oral cavity"> oral cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1415/inhibitory-effect-of-potential-bacillus-probiotic-strains-against-pathogenic-bacteria-and-yeast-isolated-from-oral-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> Analysis of Pathogen Populations Occurring in Oilseed Rape Using DNA Sequencing Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Starzycka-Korbas">Elizabeth Starzycka-Korbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Starzycki"> Michal Starzycki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Rybinski"> Wojciech Rybinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miros%C5%82awa%20Dabert"> Mirosława Dabert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a few years, the populations of pathogenic fungi occurring in winter oilseed rape in Malyszyn were analyzed. Brassica napus L. in Poland and in the world is a source of energy for both the men (oil), and animals, as post-extraction middling, as well as a motor fuel (oil, biofuel) therefore studies of this type are very important. The species composition of pathogenic fungi can be an indicator of seed yield. The occurrence of oilseed rape pathogens during several years were analyzed using the sequencing method DNA ITS. The results were compared in the gene bank using the program NCBI / BLAST. In field conditions before harvest of oilseed rape presence of pathogens infesting B. napus has been assessed. For example, in 2015, 150 samples have been isolated and applied to PDA medium for the identification of belonging species. From all population has been selected mycelium of 83 isolates which were sequenced. Others (67 isolates) were pathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria which are easily to recognize. The population of pathogenic species on oilseed rape have been identified after analyzing the DNA ITS and include: Leptosphaeria sp. 38 (L. maculans 25, L. biglobosa 13), Alternaria sp. 29, Fusarium sp. 3, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 7, heterogeneous 6, total of 83 isolates. The genus Alternaria sp. fungi wear the largest share of B. napus pathogens in particular years. Another dangerous species for oilseed rape was Leptosphaeria sp. Populations of pathogens in each year were different. The number of pathogens occurring in the field and their composition is very important for breeders and farmers because of the possible selection of the most resistant genotypes for sowing in the next growing season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20napus" title="B. napus">B. napus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20ITS%20Sequencing" title=" DNA ITS Sequencing"> DNA ITS Sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20fungi" title=" pathogenic fungi"> pathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49476/analysis-of-pathogen-populations-occurring-in-oilseed-rape-using-dna-sequencing-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Survey of Selected Pathogenic Bacteria in Chickens from Rural Households in Limpopo Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lizzy%20Madiwani">M. Lizzy Madiwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ignatious%20Ncube"> Ignatious Ncube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyn%20%20Madoroba"> Evelyn Madoroba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to determine the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in household raised chickens and study their virulence and antibiotic profiles. For this purpose, 40 chickens were purchased from families in the Capricorn district and sacrificed for sampling. Tissues were cultured on different bacteriological media followed by biotyping using Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). Disk diffusion test was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these bacteria. Out of a total of 160 tissue samples evaluated, E. coli and Salmonella were detected in these tissues. Furthermore, determination of the pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella strains at species level using primer sets that target selected genes of interest in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed. The invA gene, a confirmatory gene of Salmonella was detected in all the Salmonella isolates. The study revealed that there is a high distribution of Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli in these chickens. Therefore, further studies on identification at the species level are highly recommended to provide management and sanitation practices to lower this prevalence. The antimicrobial susceptibly data generated from this study can be a valuable reference to veterinarians for treating bacterial diseases in poultry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title=" Escherichia coli"> Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella" title=" Salmonella"> Salmonella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111144/survey-of-selected-pathogenic-bacteria-in-chickens-from-rural-households-in-limpopo-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles in Cases of Child Diarrhea at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benyam%20Zenebe">Benyam Zenebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Sisay"> Tesfaye Sisay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurja%20Belay"> Gurja Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Workabeba%20Abebe"> Workabeba Abebe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The prevalence and antibiogram of pathogenic E. coli strains, which cause diarrhea vary from region to region, and even within countries in the same geographical area. In Ethiopia, diagnostic approaches to E. coli induced diarrhea in children less than five years of age are not standardized. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of pathogenic E. coli strains in child diarrhea and determine the antibiograms of the isolates in children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A purposive study that included 98 diarrheic children less than five years of age was conducted at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to detect pathogenic E. coli biotypes. Stool culture was used to identify presumptive E. coliisolates. Presumptive isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on confirmed E. coli isolates by the disk diffusion method. DNA was extracted from confirmed isolates by a heating method and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction or the presence of virulence genes. Amplified PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were collected on child demographics and clinical conditions using administered questionnaires. The prevalence of E. coli strains from the total diarrheic children, and the prevalence of pathogenic strains from total E. coli isolates along with their susceptibility profiles; the distribution of pathogenic E.coli biotypes among different age groups and between the sexes were determined by using descriptive statistics. Result: Out of 98 stool specimens collected from diarrheic children less than 5 years of age, 75 presumptive E. coli isolates were identified by culture; further confirmation by biochemical tests showed that only 56 of the isolates were E. coli; 29 of the isolates were found in male children and 27 of them in female children. Out of the 58 isolates of E. coli, 25 pathotypes belonging to different classes of pathogenic strains: STEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC were detected by using the PCR technique. Pathogenic E. coli exhibited high rates of antibiotic resistance to many of the antibiotics tested. Moreover, they exhibited multiple drug resistance. Conclusion: This study found that the isolation rate of E. coli and the involvement of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli in diarrheic children is prominent, and hence focus should be given on the diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity testing of pathogenic E. coli at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital. Among antibiotics tested, Cefotitan could be a drug of choice to treat E. coli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20susceptibility%20profile" title="antibiotic susceptibility profile">antibiotic susceptibility profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrhea" title=" diarrhea"> diarrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic" title=" pathogenic"> pathogenic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129154/pathogenic-escherichia-coli-strains-and-their-antibiotic-susceptibility-profiles-in-cases-of-child-diarrhea-at-addis-ababa-university-college-of-health-sciences-tikur-anbessa-specialized-hospital-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> The Protective Role of Decoy Receptor 3 Analogue on Rat Steatotic Liver against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Blocking M1/Th1 Polarization and Multiple Upstream Pathogenic Cascades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Hao%20Li">Tzu-Hao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shie-Liang%20Hsieh"> Shie-Liang Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han-Chieh%20Lin"> Han-Chieh Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Ying%20Yang"> Ying-Ying Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> TNF superfamily-stimulated pathogenic cascades and macrophage (M1)/kupffer cells (KC) polarization are important in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) liver injury in animals with hepatic steatosis (HS). Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a common upstream inhibitor of the above-mentioned pathogenic cascades. The study evaluated whether modulation of these DcR3-related cascades was able to protect steatotic liver from IR injury. Serum and hepatic DcR3 levels were lower in patients and animals with HS. Accordingly, the effects of pharmacologic and genetic DcR3 replacement on the IR-related pathogenic changes were measured. Significantly, DcR3 replacement protected IR-Zucker(HS) rats and IR-DcR3-Tg(HS) mice from IR liver injury. The beneficial effects of DcR3 replacement were accompanied by decreased serum/hepatic TNF, soluble TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A), Fas ligand (Fas-L) and LIGHT, T-helper-cell-1 cytokine (INF) levels, neutrophil infiltration, M1 polarization, neutrophil-macrophage/KC-T-cell interaction, hepatocyte apoptosis and improved hepatic microcirculatory failure among animals with IR-injured steatotic livers. Additionally, TL1A, Fas-L, LIGHT and TLR4/NFB signals were found to mediate the DcR3-related protective effects of steatotic livers from IR injury. Using multimodal in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that DcR3 was a potential agent to protect steatotic livers from IR injury by simultaneous blocking the multiple IR injury-related pathogenic changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Decoy%203%20receptor" title="Decoy 3 receptor">Decoy 3 receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemia-reperfusion%20injury" title=" ischemia-reperfusion injury"> ischemia-reperfusion injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M1%20polarization" title=" M1 polarization"> M1 polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNF%20superfamily" title=" TNF superfamily"> TNF superfamily</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77043/the-protective-role-of-decoy-receptor-3-analogue-on-rat-steatotic-liver-against-ischemia-reperfusion-injury-by-blocking-m1th1-polarization-and-multiple-upstream-pathogenic-cascades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> Control of Microbial Pollution Using Biodegradable Polymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20H.%20Abu%20Elella">Mahmoud H. Abu Elella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riham%20R.%20Mohamed"> Riham R. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdy%20W.%20Sabaa"> Magdy W. Sabaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Microbial pollution is global problem threatening the human health. It is resulted by pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other pathogenic strains. They cause a dangerous effect on human health, so great efforts have been exerted to produce new and effective antimicrobial agents. Nowadays, natural polysaccharides, such as chitosan and its derivatives are used as antimicrobial agents. The aim of our work is to synthesize of a biodegradable polymer such as N-quaternized chitosan (NQC) then Characterization of NQC by using different analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using it as an antibacterial agent against different pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Synthesis of NQC using dimethylsulphate. Results: FTIR technique exhibited absorption peaks of NQC, SEM images illustrated that surface of NQC was smooth and antibacterial results showed that NQC had a high antibacterial effect. Discussion: NQC was prepared and it was proved by FTIR technique and SEM images antibacterial results exhibited that NQC was an antibacterial agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20agent" title="antimicrobial agent">antimicrobial agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-quaternized%20chitosan%20chloride" title=" N-quaternized chitosan chloride"> N-quaternized chitosan chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanocomposites" title=" silver nanocomposites"> silver nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20polyacrylate" title=" sodium polyacrylate"> sodium polyacrylate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58758/control-of-microbial-pollution-using-biodegradable-polymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Effect of Marine Stress Starvation Conditions on Survival and Retention of the Properties of Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkarim%20Mahdhi">Abdelkarim Mahdhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fdhila%20Kais"> Fdhila Kais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faouzi%20Lamari"> Faouzi Lamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeineb%20Hmila"> Zeineb Hmila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Kamoun"> Fathi Kamoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20%C3%81ngeles%20Esteban"> Maria Ángeles Esteban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Bakhrouf"> Amina Bakhrouf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pathogenic bacteria are considered to be responsible for several infectious diseases in aquaculture. To overcome diseases in fish culture, the use of antimicrobial drugs as strategy, have been adopted. The use of probiotic was a promising approach to avoid the risk associated to pathogenic bacteria. To find a biological control treatment against pathogens, we undertook this investigation to study the maintain of the probiotic properties of Bacillus sp., such as viability, adhesive ability to abiotic surface, antibacterial activity and pathogenicity/toxicity, under marine starvation conditions. Our data revealed that the tested strains maintained their capacity to inhibit pathogens in vivo and in vitro conditions. These strains maintain their adhesive capacity to polystyrene and do not demonstrate the pathogenic or toxic effect to the host. The obtained results give insight about the effect of starvation conditions on the physiological responses of these Bacillus strains that can be considered as a potential candidate’s probiotic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus" title="bacillus">bacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20viability" title=" cell viability"> cell viability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starvation%20conditions" title=" starvation conditions"> starvation conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1587/effect-of-marine-stress-starvation-conditions-on-survival-and-retention-of-the-properties-of-potential-probiotic-bacillus-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">410</span> The Social Ecology of Serratia entomophila: Pathogen of Costelytra giveni</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Watson">C. Watson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Glare"> T. Glare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O%27Callaghan"> M. O'Callaghan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hurst"> M. Hurst</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The endemic New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra giveni, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is an economically significant grassland pest in New Zealand. Due to their impacts on production within the agricultural sector, one of New Zealand's primary industries, several methods are being used to either control or prevent the establishment of new grass grub populations in the pasture. One such method involves the use of a biopesticide based on the bacterium Serratia entomophila. This species is one of the causative agents of amber disease, a chronic disease of the larvae which results in death via septicaemia after approximately 2 to 3 months. The ability of S. entomophila to cause amber disease is dependant upon the presence of the amber disease associated plasmid (pADAP), which encodes for the key virulence determinants required for the establishment and maintenance of the disease. Following the collapse of grass grub populations within the soil, resulting from either natural population build-up or application of the bacteria, non-pathogenic plasmid-free Serratia strains begin to predominate within the soil. Whilst the interactions between S. entomophila and grass grub larvae are well studied, less information is known on the interactions between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free strains, particularly the potential impact of these interactions upon the efficacy of an applied biopesticide. Using a range of constructed strains with antibiotic tags, in vitro (broth culture) and in vivo (soil and larvae) experiments were conducted using inoculants comprised of differing ratios of isogenic pathogenic and non-pathogenic Serratia strains, enabling the relative growth of pADAP+ and pADAP- strains under competition conditions to be assessed. In nutrient-rich, the non-pathogenic pADAP- strain outgrew the pathogenic pADAP+ strain by day 3 when inoculated in equal quantities, and by day 5 when applied as the minority inoculant, however, there was an overall gradual decline in the number of viable bacteria for both strains over a 7-day period. Similar results were obtained in additional experiments using the same strains and continuous broth cultures re-inoculated at 24-hour intervals, although in these cultures, the viable cell count did not diminish over the 7-day period. When the same ratios were assessed in soil microcosms with limited available nutrients, the strains remained relatively stable over a 2-month period. Additionally, in vivo grass grub co-infections assays using the same ratios of tagged Serratia strains revealed similar results to those observed in the soil, but there was also evidence of horizontal transfer of pADAP from the pathogenic to the non-pathogenic strain within the larval gut after a period of 4 days. Whilst the influence of competition is more apparent in broth cultures than within the soil or larvae, further testing is required to determine whether this competition between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Serratia strains has any influence on efficacy and disease progression, and how this may impact on the ability of S. entomophila to cause amber disease within grass grub larvae when applied as a biopesticide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogen" title=" entomopathogen"> entomopathogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20ecology" title=" microbial ecology"> microbial ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title=" New Zealand"> New Zealand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118563/the-social-ecology-of-serratia-entomophila-pathogen-of-costelytra-giveni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">409</span> The Determination of Contamination Rate of Traditional White Cheese in Behbahan Markets to Coliforms and Pathogenic Escherichia Coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Mohammad%20Jafar">Sana Mohammad Jafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossaini%20Seyahi%20Zohreh"> Hossaini Seyahi Zohreh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infections and food intoxication caused by microbial contamination of food is of major issues in different countries, and diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated food included a large percentage of the country's health problems. Since traditional cheese for cultural reasons, good taste and smell in many parts of the area still has the important place in people's food basket, transmission of pathogenic bacteria could be at risk human health through the consumption of this food. In this study selected randomly 100 samples of 250 grams of traditional cheeses supplied in the city Behbahan market and adjacent to the ice was transferred to the laboratory and microbiological tests were performed immediately. According to the results, from 100 samples tested traditional cheese, 94 samples (94% of samples) were contaminated with coliforms, which of this number 75 samples (75% of samples) the contamination rate was higher than the limit (more than 100 cfu/g). Of the total samples, 36 samples (36% of samples) were contaminated with fecal coliform which of this number 30 samples (30% of samples) were contaminated with Escherichia.coli bacteria. Based on the results of agglutination test,no samples was found positive as pathogenic Escherichia.coli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determination" title="determination">determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20cheese" title=" traditional cheese"> traditional cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behbahan" title=" Behbahan"> Behbahan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title=" Escherichia coli"> Escherichia coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32561/the-determination-of-contamination-rate-of-traditional-white-cheese-in-behbahan-markets-to-coliforms-and-pathogenic-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> Isolation of Different Brachyspira spp. from Laying Hens in North-East of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahdieh%20Alijani">Ahdieh Alijani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Zarrabi"> Mina Zarrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Jamshidi"> Abdollah Jamshidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Razmyar"> Jamshid Razmyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) is caused by spiral-shaped Gram-negative Brachyspira spp. in poultry and is known as a cause of diarrhea, low egg production and increased the occurrence of dirty eggs in layer hens. In this study the presence of some Brachyspira spp. was investigated in laying hens. A total of 100 cloacal swab samples were individually collected from 20 laying hen flocks showing fecal egg staining in northeastern Iran. By culture and morphologic examination, 41 samples (41%) from 20 flocks were positive but by using genus–specific PCR only 37 (37%) samples were confirmed as Brachyspira spp. Using species-specific primers, single colonization was identified in 18 samples associated with B. pilosicoli (48.6%) while single colonization with B. intermedia was found in only two samples (5.4%). Simultaneous colonization by B. intermedia and B. murdochii was detected in 3 samples (8.1%). B. pilosicoli was the most prevalent species in concurrent colonization in 11 cases (29.7%). Finally, co-colonization by B. intermedia and B. innocens was identified in 3 samples (8.1%). The results of this study show the colonization of different species of Brachyspira with the dominance of B. pilosicoli in layer hens. In simultaneous colonization with pathogenic and non-pathogenic species the symptoms of intestinal spirochetosis were reduced, suggesting a competitive role in preventing and reducing the colonization of pathogenic species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20spirochetosis" title="intestinal spirochetosis">intestinal spirochetosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brachyspira" title=" Brachyspira"> Brachyspira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laying%20hen" title=" laying hen"> laying hen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35878/isolation-of-different-brachyspira-spp-from-laying-hens-in-north-east-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> Mutation Profiling of Paediatric Solid Tumours in a Cohort of South African Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Lamola">L. Lamola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Manolas"> E. Manolas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Krause"> A. Krause</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The incidence of childhood cancer incidence is increasing gradually in low-middle income countries, such as South Africa. Globally, there is an extensive range of familial- and hereditary-cancer syndromes, where underlying germline variants increase the likelihood of developing cancer in childhood. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have been key in determining the occurrence and genetic contribution of germline variants to paediatric cancer development. We aimed to design and evaluate a candidate gene panel specific to inherited cancer-predisposing genes to provide a comprehensive insight into the contribution of germline variants to childhood cancer. Methods: 32 paediatric patients (aged 0-18 years) diagnosed with a malignant tumour were recruited, and biological samples were obtained. After quality control, DNA was sequenced using an ion Ampliseq 50 candidate gene panel design and Ion Torrent S5 technologies. Sequencing variants were called using Ion Torrent Suite software and were subsequently annotated using Ion Reporter and Ensembl's VEP. High priority variants were manually analysed using tools such as MutationTaster, SIFT-INDEL and VarSome. Putative identified candidates were validated via Sanger Sequencing. Results: The patients studied had a variety of cancers, the most common being nephroblastoma (13), followed by osteosarcoma (4) and astrocytoma (3). We identified 10 pathogenic / likely pathogenic variants in 10 patients, most of which were novel. Conclusions: According to the literature, we expected ~10% of our patient population to harbour pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants, however, we reported about 3 times (~30%) more than we expected. Majority of the identified variants are novel; this may be because this is the first study of its kind in an understudied South African population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetics" title=" genetics"> genetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germline-variants" title=" germline-variants"> germline-variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric-cancer" title=" paediatric-cancer"> paediatric-cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144450/mutation-profiling-of-paediatric-solid-tumours-in-a-cohort-of-south-african-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Mechanisms Involved in Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bensaid%20Fatiha">Bensaid Fatiha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of our present work is the description of the antagonistic capacities of one strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens and the nonpathogenic fungic isolate Fusarium oxysporum against phytopathogenic agent Fusarium oxysporum F. Sp. lycopersici. This work has been achieved in two main parts: the first is interested on the in vitro antagonistic activities; the second was interested to study the soil receptiveness of fusarium wilt tomato. The use of strain of fluorescent Pseudomonas and a non-pathogenic strain of F. oxysporum in the different antagonism tests, has allowed assuring a certain bio-protection from the plants of tomatoes opposite to F. oxysporum F. Sp. lycopersici, agent of a wilt of tomato. These antagonistic have shown a substantial in vitro antagonistic activity on the three mediums (KB, PDA, KB+PDA) against F. oxysporum F. Sp. lycopersici, by inhibiting its growth mycelium with rate of inhibition going until 80 % with non-pathogen of Fusarium oxysporum and 60 % with strain of fluorescens Pseudomonas. Soil microbial balance, between the antagonistic population and that of pathogenic, can be modulated through microbiological variations or abiotic additives influencing directly or indirectly the metabolic behavior microbial. In this experiment, addition of glucose or EDTA, could increase or decrease the resistance of soil by activation of pathogenic or antagonists, as a result of modification and modulation in their metabolic activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescents" title="fluorescents">fluorescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonpathogenic" title=" nonpathogenic"> nonpathogenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusarium%20oxysporum" title=" fusarium oxysporum"> fusarium oxysporum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusarium%20wilt" title=" fusarium wilt"> fusarium wilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antagonism" title=" antagonism"> antagonism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20receptivity" title=" soil receptivity"> soil receptivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23547/mechanisms-involved-in-biological-control-of-fusarium-wilt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Survival and Retention of the Probiotic Properties of Bacillus sp. Strains under Marine Stress Starvation Conditions and Their Potential Use as a Probiotic for Aquaculture Objectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkarim%20Mahdhi">Abdelkarim Mahdhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fdhila%20Kais"> Fdhila Kais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faouzi%20Lamari"> Faouzi Lamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeineb%20Hmila"> Zeineb Hmila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Kamoun"> Fathi Kamoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20%C3%81ngeles%20Esteban"> Maria Ángeles Esteban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Bakhrouf"> Amina Bakhrouf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aquaculture is the world’s fastest growing food-production sector. However, one of the most serious problems regarding the culture of marine fishes is the mortality associated with pathogenic bacteria that occurs in the critical phases of larval development. Conventional approaches, such as the use of antimicrobial drugs to control diseases, have had limited success in the prevention or cure of aquatic diseases. Promising alternatives to antibiotics are probiotics, which are food supplements consisting of live microorganisms that benefit the host organism. In the search for more effective and environmentally friendly treatments with probionts against pathogenic species in shrimp larval culture, the probiotic properties of Bacillus strains isolated from Artemia culture such as antibacterial activity, adhesion, pathogenicity, toxicity and the effect of marine stress on viability and survival were investigated, as well as the changes occurring in their properties. Analyses showed that these bacteria corresponded to the genus Bacillus sp. Antagonism and adherence assays revealed that these strains have an inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo conditions and are fairly adherent. Challenge tests performed with Artemia larvae provided evidence that the tested Bacillus strains were neither pathogenic nor toxic to the host. The tested strains maintained their viability and their probiotic properties during the period of study. The results suggest that the tested strains have suffered changes allowing them to survive in seawater in the absence of nutrients and outside their natural host, identifying them as potential probiotic candidates for Artemia culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus" title="bacillus">bacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20viability" title=" cell viability"> cell viability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20response" title=" stress response"> stress response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1414/survival-and-retention-of-the-probiotic-properties-of-bacillus-sp-strains-under-marine-stress-starvation-conditions-and-their-potential-use-as-a-probiotic-for-aquaculture-objectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> Isolation, Identification and Screening of Pectinase Producing Fungi Isolated from Apple (Malus Domestica)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shameel%20Pervez">Shameel Pervez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Aziz%20Durrani"> Saad Aziz Durrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibatsam%20Khokhar"> Ibatsam Khokhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pectinase is an enzyme that breaks down pectin, a compound responsible for structural integrity of the plant. Pectin is difficult to break down mechanically and the cost is very high, that is why many industries including food industries use pectinase enzyme produced by microbes for pectin breakdown. Apple (Malus domestica) is an important fruit in terms of market value. Every year, millions of apples are wasted due to post-harvest rot caused by fungi. Fungi are natural decomposers of our ecosystem and are infamous for post-harvest rot of apple fruit but at the same time they are prized for their high production of valuable extracellular enzymes such as pectinase. In this study, fungi belonging to different genus were isolated from rotten apples. Rotten samples of apple were picked from different markets of Lahore. After surface sterilization, the rotten parts were cut into small pieces and placed onto MEA media plates for three days. Afterwards, distinct colonies were picked and purified by sub-culturing. The isolates were identified to genus level through the study of basic colony morphology and microscopic features. The isolates were then subjected to screening for pectinase activity on MS media to compare pectinase production and were then subsequently tested for pathogenic activity through wound suspension method to evaluate the pathogenic activity of isolates in comparison with their pectinolytic activity. A total of twelve fungal strains were isolates from rotten apples. They were belonging to genus Penicillium, Alternaria, Paecilomyces and Rhizopus. Upon screening for pectinolytic activity, isolates Pen 1, Pen 4, and Rz showed high pectinolytic activity and were further subjected to DNA isolation and partial sequencing for species identification. The results of partial sequencing were combined with in-depth study of morphological features revealing Pen 1 as Penicillium janthinellum, Pen 4 as Penicillium griseofulvum, and Rz as Rhizopus microsporus. Pathogenic activity of all twelve isolates was evaluated. Penicillium spp. were highly pathogenic and destructive and same was the case with Paecilomyces sp. and Rhizopus sp. However, Alternaria spp. were found to be more consistent in their pathogenic activity, on all types of apples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apple" title="apple">apple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectinase" title=" pectinase"> pectinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pathogens" title=" fungal pathogens"> fungal pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penicillium" title=" penicillium"> penicillium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizopus" title=" rhizopus"> rhizopus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176393/isolation-identification-and-screening-of-pectinase-producing-fungi-isolated-from-apple-malus-domestica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Defense Priming from Egg to Larvae in Litopenaeus vannamei with Non-Pathogenic and Pathogenic Bacteria Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelica%20Alvarez-Lee">Angelica Alvarez-Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Martinez-Diaz"> Sergio Martinez-Diaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Luis%20Garcia-Corona"> Jose Luis Garcia-Corona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humberto%20Lanz-Mendoza"> Humberto Lanz-Mendoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> World aquaculture is always looking for improvements to achieve productions with high yields avoiding the infection by pathogenic agents. The best way to achieve this is to know the biological model to create alternative treatments that could be applied in the hatcheries, which results in greater economic gains and improvements in human public health. In the last decade, immunomodulation in shrimp culture with probiotics, organic acids and different carbon sources has gained great interest, mainly in larval and juvenile stages. Immune priming is associated with a strong protective effect against a later pathogen challenge. This work provides another perspective about immunostimulation from spawning until hatching. The stimulation happens during development embryos and generates resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria. Massive spawnings of white shrimp L. vannamei were obtained and placed in experimental units with 700 mL of sterile seawater at 30 °C, salinity of 28 ppm and continuous aeration at a density of 8 embryos.mL⁻¹. The immunostimulating effect of three death strains of non-pathogenic bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and a pathogenic strain for white shrimp (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) was evaluated. The strains killed by heat were adjusted to O.D. 0.5, at A 600 nm, and directly added to the seawater of each unit at a ratio of 1/100 (v/v). A control group of embryos without inoculum of dead bacteria was kept under the same physicochemical conditions as the rest of the treatments throughout the experiment and used as reference. The duration of the stimulus was 12 hours, then, the larvae that hatched were collected, counted and transferred to a new experimental unit (same physicochemical conditions but at a salinity of 28 ppm) to carry out a challenge of infection against the pathogen V. parahaemolyticus, adding directly to seawater an amount 1/100 (v/v) of the live strain adjusted to an OD 0.5; at A 600 nm. Subsequently, 24 hrs after infection, nauplii survival was evaluated. The results of this work shows that, after 24 hrs, the hatching rates of immunostimulated shrimp embryos with the dead strains of B. subtillis and V. parahaemolyticus are significantly higher compared to the rest of the treatments and the control. Furthermore, survival of L. vanammei after a challenge of infection of 24 hrs against the live strain of V. parahaemolyticus is greater (P < 0.05) in the larvae immunostimulated during the embryonic development with the dead strains B. subtillis and V. parahaemolyticus, followed by those that were treated with E. coli. In summary superficial antigens can stimulate the development cells to promote hatching and can have normal development in agreeing with the optical observations, plus exist a differential response effect between each treatment post-infection. This research provides evidence of the immunostimulant effect of death pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains in the rate of hatching and oversight of shrimp L. vannamei during embryonic and larval development. This research continues evaluating the effect of these death strains on the expression of genes related to the defense priming in larvae of L. vannamei that come from massive spawning in hatcheries before and after the infection challenge against V. parahaemolyticus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunostimulation" title="immunostimulation">immunostimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20vannamei" title=" L. vannamei"> L. vannamei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatching" title=" hatching"> hatching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival" title=" survival"> survival</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101105/defense-priming-from-egg-to-larvae-in-litopenaeus-vannamei-with-non-pathogenic-and-pathogenic-bacteria-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Diseased Giant Freshwater Prawn in Shrimp Culture Ponds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kusumawadee%20Thancharoen">Kusumawadee Thancharoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rungrat%20Nontawong"> Rungrat Nontawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanawat%20Junsom"> Thanawat Junsom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pathogenic bacterial flora was isolated from giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Infected shrimp samples were collected from BuaBan Aquafarm in Kalasin Province, Thailand, between June and September 2018. Bacterial species were isolated by serial dilution and plated on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) agar medium. A total 89 colonies were isolated and identified using the API 20E biochemical tests. Results showed the presence of genera Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Chromobacterium, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Vibrio. Maximum number of species was recorded in Pseudomonas (50.57%) with minimum observed in Chromobacterium and Providencia (1.12%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20test" title="biochemical test">biochemical test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20freshwater%20prawn" title=" giant freshwater prawn"> giant freshwater prawn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20tolerance" title=" salt tolerance"> salt tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrimp%20diseases" title=" shrimp diseases"> shrimp diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94049/pathogenic-bacteria-isolated-from-diseased-giant-freshwater-prawn-in-shrimp-culture-ponds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Extract and Naphthoquinone Derivatives from in vitro Culture of an Ascomycetous Marine Fungus with Antibacterial Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uftah%20Ali%20M.%20Shushni">Uftah Ali M. Shushni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viola%20Stuppec"> Viola Stuppec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrike%20Lindequist"> Ulrike Lindequist</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of the evolving resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics, there is an increasing need for new antibiotics not only in human but also in veterinary medicine. As part of our ongoing work on the secondary metabolites produced by marine fungi, the organic extract of the culture filtrate of an Ascomycetous fungus, which was found on driftwood collected from the coast of the Greifswalder Bodden, Baltic Sea, Germany displayed antimicrobial activity against some fish and human pathogenic bacteria. Bioactivity-guided column chromatographic separation led to the isolation of 6-Deoxybostrycoidin. The structure was determined from the interpretation of spectroscopic data (UV, MS, and NMR). 6-Deoxybostrycoidin exhibited in vitro activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Flexibacter maritimus with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 25, 12.5 and 12.5 μg/ml respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title="marine fungi">marine fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" fish pathogenic bacteria"> fish pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganism" title=" microorganism"> microorganism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine "> medicine </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19261/extract-and-naphthoquinone-derivatives-from-in-vitro-culture-of-an-ascomycetous-marine-fungus-with-antibacterial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Impact of Microbial Pathogen on Aquatic Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younis%20Laghari">Muhammad Younis Laghari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global climate change has had many effects on the aquatic environment, and the major issue is pollution. Along with the other pollutants, there are a significant number of human microbial pathogens that pollute the water bodies. Another concern about the water quality is that the major aquatic resources bring water-borne pathogens and other related diseases. These resources include industrial effluent, untreated domestic sewage, acid mine drainage, etc. However, these water discharges through various routes may have treatment to eliminate the pathogenic microbes. Therefore, it is essential to control the leakage from sewer systems, residential discharge, and agricultural run-off. These pathogenic microbes have been implicated in the lives of water health (fishes), which is harmful and causes diseases. Mostly, the mortality of aquatic species results because of catastrophic floods due to poor water waste treatment and sanitation that introduce pathogenic bacteria into rivers. Pathogens survive in rivers and remain poorly known but essential to control water-borne diseases. The presence of bacteria in watercourses is diverse and constitutes a complicated subject. Many species are autochthonous and play an important role in aquatic ecosystems, while many others arise from untreated or poorly treated waste from industrial and domestic sources. Further, more investigation is required to know the induction of water-borne pathogens in various water resources and the potential impacts of water resource development on pathogen contamination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20pathogens" title="microbial pathogens">microbial pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resources" title=" water resources"> water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20water%20body" title=" river water body"> river water body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171894/impact-of-microbial-pathogen-on-aquatic-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Influence of Some Parameters on Embryonic Mortality of Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara in a Semi-Captive Breeding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Idouhar-Saadi">H. Idouhar-Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sma%C3%AF"> A. Smaï</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenia"> S. Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Haddadj"> F. Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aissi"> M. Aissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Doumandji"> S. Doumandji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the period of reproduction, the collection of eggs of the Barbary gambra partridge is made only once a week in the morning, considering the sensibility in the stress of this native species. The number of considered samples is 33 eggs. The duration of the incubation is of 18 days. Unhatched eggs and eggs eliminated previously at the time of the mirage are collected and forwarded to the laboratories of microbiology and parasitology. The average weight of the eggs of the Barbary Partridge vary much [20.08 ± 1.81 g. (2006) < Pm < 20.82 ± 2,11g. (2008)]. The percentage of unhatched eggs varies between 9.3% in 2005 and 15.55% in 2007. It appears that the rate of embryonic mortality is slightly higher compared to that of infertile eggs. Microbiological analysis of unhatched eggs showed the presence of pathogenic germs such as lute Chryseomonas luteola. Chryseomonas ola and Escherichia coli. As against the parasites research is negative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barbary%20partridge" title="barbary partridge">barbary partridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unhatched%20eggs" title=" unhatched eggs"> unhatched eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embryo%20mortality" title=" embryo mortality"> embryo mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20germs" title=" pathogenic germs"> pathogenic germs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23271/influence-of-some-parameters-on-embryonic-mortality-of-barbary-partridge-alectoris-barbara-in-a-semi-captive-breeding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil Artemisia Absinthium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchenak%20Fatima">Bouchenak Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lmegharbi%20Abdelbaki"> Lmegharbi Abdelbaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssem%20Degaichia"> Houssem Degaichia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benrebiha%20Fatima"> Benrebiha Fatima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The essential oil composition of the leaf of Artemisia absinthium from region of Cherchell (The south of Algeria) was investigated by GC, GC-MS. 27 constituents were identified correspond to 84, 63% of the total oil. The major components are Thujone (60, 82%), Chamazulènel (16, 62%), ρ-cymène (4, 29%) and 2-carène (4.25%). The antimicrobial activity of oil was tested in vitro by two methods (agar diffusion and microdilution) on three plant pathogenic fungi. This oil has been tested for antimicrobial activity against three pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum and Helminthosporium Sp.).The study of activity was evaluated by two methods: Method of diffusion in gelose and the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC. This oil exhibited an interesting antimicrobial activity. A preliminary study showed that this oil presented high toxicity against this fungus. These results, although preliminary show a good antifungal activity, to limit and inhibit stop the development of those pathogen agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artemisia%20absinthian" title="artemisia absinthian">artemisia absinthian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20process" title=" extraction process"> extraction process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20study" title=" chemical study"> chemical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title=" antifungal activity"> antifungal activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23681/in-vitro-antifungal-activity-of-essential-oil-artemisia-absinthium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Analysis of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus Acidophilus from Commercial Yoghurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Ali%20Abdulla">Anwar Ali Abdulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thekra%20Abdulaali%20Abed%20Al-Chaabawi"> Thekra Abdulaali Abed Al-Chaabawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Kadhim%20Al-Saffar"> Anwar Kadhim Al-Saffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Kadhim%20Al-Saffar"> Hussein Kadhim Al-Saffar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lactic acid bacteria are very significant to human health due to the production of some antimicrobial substances and ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the bacteria are also used as starter culture in the production of various foods. The present study was focused on isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus from yogurt and to demonstrate some of probiotic properties of these isolates. All isolates were phenotypically characterized including studying, biochemical, effect of sodium chloride and pH during growth, carbohydrates test and characterizing the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus against pathogens. The present study demonstrates that Lactobacillus acidophilus produced a bacteriocin- like inhibitory substance with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity directed against pathogenic indicator organism suggesting its protective value against enteric pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus%20acidophilus" title="lactobacillus acidophilus">lactobacillus acidophilus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriocin" title=" bacteriocin"> bacteriocin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28935/analysis-of-probiotic-properties-of-lactobacillus-acidophilus-from-commercial-yoghurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Identification of Rare Mutations in Genes Involved in Monogenic Forms of Obesity and Diabetes in Obese Guadeloupean Children through Next-Generation Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Foucan">Lydia Foucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Larifla"> Laurent Larifla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuelle%20Durand"> Emmanuelle Durand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20%20Rambhojan"> Christine Rambhojan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronique%20Dhennin"> Veronique Dhennin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Marc%20Lacorte"> Jean-Marc Lacorte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20%20Froguel"> Philippe Froguel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelie%20Bonnefond"> Amelie Bonnefond</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the population of Guadeloupe Island (472,124 inhabitants and 80% of subjects of African descent), overweight and obesity were estimated at 23% and 9% respectively among children. High prevalence of diabetes has been reported (~10%) in the adult population. Nevertheless, no study has investigated the contribution of gene mutations to childhood obesity in this population. We aimed to investigate rare genetic mutations in genes involved in monogenic obesity or diabetes in obese Afro-Caribbean children from Guadeloupe Island using next-generation sequencing. The present investigation included unrelated obese children, from a previous study on overweight conducted in Guadeloupe Island in 2013. We sequenced coding regions of 59 genes involved in monogenic obesity or diabetes. A total of 25 obese schoolchildren (with Z-score of body mass index [BMI]: 2.0 to 2.8) were screened for rare mutations (non-synonymous, splice-site, or insertion/deletion) in 59 genes. Mean age of the study population was 12.4 ± 1.1 years. Seventeen children (68%) had insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR > 3.16). A family history of obesity (mother or father) was observed in eight children and three of the accompanying parent presented with type 2 diabetes. None of the children had gonadotrophic abnormality or mental retardation. We detected five rare heterozygous mutations, in four genes involved in monogenic obesity, in five different obese children: MC4R p.Ile301Thr and SIM1 p.Val326Thrfs*43 mutations which were pathogenic; SIM1 p.Ser343Pro and SH2B1 p.Pro90His mutations which were likely pathogenic; and NTRK2 p.Leu140Phe that was of uncertain significance. In parallel, we identified seven carriers of mutation in ABCC8 or KCNJ11 (involved in monogenic diabetes), which were of uncertain significance (KCNJ11 p.Val13Met, KCNJ11 p.Val151Met, ABCC8 p.Lys1521Asn and ABCC8 p.Ala625Val). Rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations, linked to severe obesity were detected in more than 15% of this Afro-Caribbean population at high risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20obesity" title="childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MC4R" title=" MC4R"> MC4R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monogenic%20obesity" title=" monogenic obesity"> monogenic obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIM1" title=" SIM1"> SIM1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86920/identification-of-rare-mutations-in-genes-involved-in-monogenic-forms-of-obesity-and-diabetes-in-obese-guadeloupean-children-through-next-generation-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Cannabidiol (CBD) Resistant Salmonella Strains Are Susceptible to Epsilon 34 Phage Tailspike Protein</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Iddrisu">Ibrahim Iddrisu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Ayariga"> Joseph Ayariga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junhuan%20Xu"> Junhuan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayomide%20Adebanjo"> Ayomide Adebanjo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boakai%20K.%20Robertson"> Boakai K. Robertson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Samuel-Foo"> Michelle Samuel-Foo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufemi%20Ajayi"> Olufemi Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rise of antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis that threatens the effective control and prevention of infections. Due to the emergence of pan drug-resistant bacteria, most antibiotics have lost their efficacy. Bacteriophages or their components are known to target bacterial cell walls, cell membranes, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and hydrolyze them. Bacteriophages, being the natural predators of pathogenic bacteria, are inevitably categorized as ‘human friends’, thus fulfilling the adage that ‘the enemy of my enemy is my friend’. Leveraging on their lethal capabilities against pathogenic bacteria, researchers are searching for more ways to overcome the current antibiotic resistance challenge. In this study, we expressed and purified epsilon 34 phage tail spike protein (E34 TSP) from the E34 TSP gene, then assessed the ability of this bacteriophage protein in the killing of two CBD-resistant strains of Salmonella spp. We also assessed the ability of the tail spike protein to cause bacteria membrane disruption and dehydrogenase depletion. We observed that the combined treatment of CBD-resistant strains of Salmonella with CBD and E34 TSP showed poor killing ability, whereas the mono treatment with E34 TSP showed considerably higher killing efficiency. This study demonstrates that the inhibition of the bacteria by E34 TSP was due in part to membrane disruption and dehydrogenase inactivation by the protein. The results of this work provide an interesting background to highlight the crucial role phage proteins such as E34 TSP could play in pathogenic bacterial control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabidiol" title="cannabidiol">cannabidiol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella" title=" Salmonella"> Salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobials" title=" antimicrobials"> antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phages" title=" phages"> phages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182735/cannabidiol-cbd-resistant-salmonella-strains-are-susceptible-to-epsilon-34-phage-tailspike-protein" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Detection, Analysis and Determination of the Origin of Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delay (ID/DD) Patients and Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Patients by Molecular and Cytogenetic Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlina%20Capkova">Pavlina Capkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Srovnal"> Josef Srovnal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Becvarova"> Vera Becvarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Trkova"> Marie Trkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuzana%20Capkova"> Zuzana Capkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Stefekova"> Andrea Stefekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclava%20Curtisova"> Vaclava Curtisova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alena%20Santava"> Alena Santava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarka%20Vejvalkova"> Sarka Vejvalkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20Adamova"> Katerina Adamova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Vodicka"> Radek Vodicka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ASDs are heterogeneous and complex developmental diseases with a significant genetic background. Recurrent CNVs are known to be a frequent cause of ASD. These CNVs can have, however, a variable expressivity which results in a spectrum of phenotypes from asymptomatic to ID/DD/ASD. ASD is associated with ID in ~75% individuals. Various platforms are used to detect pathogenic mutations in the genome of these patients. The performed study is focused on a determination of the frequency of pathogenic mutations in a group of ASD patients and a group of ID/DD patients using various strategies along with a comparison of their detection rate. The possible role of the origin of these mutations in aetiology of ASD was assessed. The study included 35 individuals with ASD and 68 individuals with ID/DD (64 males and 39 females in total), who underwent rigorous genetic, neurological and psychological examinations. Screening for pathogenic mutations involved karyotyping, screening for FMR1 mutations and for metabolic disorders, a targeted MLPA test with probe mixes Telomeres 3 and 5, Microdeletion 1 and 2, Autism 1, MRX and a chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) (Illumina or Affymetrix). Chromosomal aberrations were revealed in 7 (1 in the ASD group) individuals by karyotyping. FMR1 mutations were discovered in 3 (1 in the ASD group) individuals. The detection rate of pathogenic mutations in ASD patients with a normal karyotype was 15.15% by MLPA and CMA. The frequencies of the pathogenic mutations were 25.0% by MLPA and 35.0% by CMA in ID/DD patients with a normal karyotype. CNVs inherited from asymptomatic parents were more abundant than de novo changes in ASD patients (11.43% vs. 5.71%) in contrast to the ID/DD group where de novo mutations prevailed over inherited ones (26.47% vs. 16.18%). ASD patients shared more frequently their mutations with their fathers than patients from ID/DD group (8.57% vs. 1.47%). Maternally inherited mutations predominated in the ID/DD group in comparison with the ASD group (14.7% vs. 2.86 %). CNVs of an unknown significance were found in 10 patients by CMA and in 3 patients by MLPA. Although the detection rate is the highest when using CMA, recurrent CNVs can be easily detected by MLPA. CMA proved to be more efficient in the ID/DD group where a larger spectrum of rare pathogenic CNVs was revealed. This study determined that maternally inherited highly penetrant mutations and de novo mutations more often resulted in ID/DD without ASD in patients. The paternally inherited mutations could be, however, a source of the greater variability in the genome of the ASD patients and contribute to the polygenic character of the inheritance of ASD. As the number of the subjects in the group is limited, a larger cohort is needed to confirm this conclusion. Inherited CNVs have a role in aetiology of ASD possibly in combination with additional genetic factors - the mutations elsewhere in the genome. The identification of these interactions constitutes a challenge for the future. Supported by MH CZ – DRO (FNOl, 00098892), IGA UP LF_2016_010, TACR TE02000058 and NPU LO1304. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autistic%20spectrum%20disorders" title="autistic spectrum disorders">autistic spectrum disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy%20number%20variant" title=" copy number variant"> copy number variant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosomal%20microarray" title=" chromosomal microarray"> chromosomal microarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title=" intellectual disability"> intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karyotyping" title=" karyotyping"> karyotyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLPA" title=" MLPA"> MLPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplex%20ligation-dependent%20probe%20amplification" title=" multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification"> multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56691/detection-analysis-and-determination-of-the-origin-of-copy-number-variants-cnvs-in-intellectual-disabilitydevelopmental-delay-iddd-patients-and-autistic-spectrum-disorders-asd-patients-by-molecular-and-cytogenetic-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Antimicrobial Potential of Calendula officinalis Extracts on Flavobacterium columnare of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Rotimi%20Osungbemiro">Nelson Rotimi Osungbemiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanni%20Rafiu%20Olugbenga"> Sanni Rafiu Olugbenga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Olufemi%20Olajuyigbe"> Abayomi Olufemi Olajuyigbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ninety Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were exposed to the pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare a Gram Negative bacteria responsible for high mortality in fish pond raised young fish (fries and fingerlings) of Clarias sp. in Southwestern Nigeria. After feeding with 40% crude protein pelletized fish feed for 5 days, the fishes were divided into two groups, one group was treated with extracts from Calendula officinalis flowers, while the second group was not treated (control). The results indicated that, at day 5, colony formation had been manifesting and at day 7, skin lesion occurred and at the 8th day, first mortality of fish occurred, and this continued steadily on the 9th-12th day when all the fishes were dead. Whereas, in the group that was treated with Calendula sp., no single mortality was recorded. This research shows that plant extract from Calendula flowers is an effective antimicrobial agent against the virulent pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavobacterium%20columnare" title=" Flavobacterium columnare"> Flavobacterium columnare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title=" Clarias gariepinus"> Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25461/antimicrobial-potential-of-calendula-officinalis-extracts-on-flavobacterium-columnare-of-clarias-gariepinus-fingerlings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Prerequisites for the Acquisition of Mammalian Pathogenicity by Influenza A Virus with a Prototypic Avian PB2 Gene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Young%20Lee">Chung-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hee%20Ahn"> Se-Hee Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilhwan%20Kim"> Ilhwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du-Min%20Go"> Du-Min Go</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Yong%20Kim"> Dae-Yong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Gu%20Choi"> Jun-Gu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Jeong%20Lee"> Youn-Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hong%20Kim"> Jae-Hong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Joon%20Kwon"> Hyuk-Joon Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polymerase of avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a heterotrimer composed of PB2, PB1 and PA. PB2 plays a role in overcoming the host barrier; however, the genetic prerequisites for avian PB2 to acquire mammalian pathogenic mutations have not been well elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that key amino acid mutations (I66M, I109V and I133V, collectively referred to as MVV) of prototypic avian PB2 increase the replication efficiency of recombinant PR8 virus carrying the mutated PB2 in both avian and mammalian hosts. The MVV mutations caused no weight loss in mice, but they did allow replication in infected lungs, and the viruses acquired fatal mammalian pathogenic mutations such as Q591R/K, E627K, or D701N in the infected lungs. The MVV mutations are located at the interfaces of the trimer and are predicted to increase the strength of this structure. Thus, gaining MVV mutations might be the first step for AIV to acquire mammalian pathogenicity. These results provide new insights into the evolution of AIV in birds and mammals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avian%20influenza%20A%20virus" title="avian influenza A virus">avian influenza A virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prototypic%20PB2" title=" prototypic PB2"> prototypic PB2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20activity" title=" polymerase activity"> polymerase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammalian%20pathogenicity" title=" mammalian pathogenicity"> mammalian pathogenicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-step%20mutations" title=" first-step mutations"> first-step mutations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74659/prerequisites-for-the-acquisition-of-mammalian-pathogenicity-by-influenza-a-virus-with-a-prototypic-avian-pb2-gene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> High-Risk Gene Variant Profiling Models Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Vulnerability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhua%20Zhang">Jianhua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiping%20Chen"> Weiping Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanjie%20Chen"> Guanjie Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Flannick"> Jason Flannick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Fikse"> Emma Fikse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glenda%20Smerin"> Glenda Smerin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanqin%20Yang"> Yanqin Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulong%20Li"> Yulong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20A.%20Hanover"> John A. Hanover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20F.%20Simonds"> William F. Simonds</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethnic disparities in many diseases are well recognized and reflect the consequences of genetic, behavior, and environmental factors. However, direct scientific evidence connecting the ethnic genetic variations and the disease disparities has been elusive, which may have led to the ethnic inequalities in large scale genetic studies. Through the genome-wide analysis of data representing 185,934 subjects, including 14,955 from our own studies of the African America Diabetes Mellitus, we discovered sets of genetic variants either unique to or conserved in all ethnicities. We further developed a quantitative gene function-based high-risk variant index (hrVI) of 20,428 genes to establish profiles that strongly correlate with the subjects' self-identified ethnicities. With respect to the ability to detect human essential and pathogenic genes, the hrVI analysis method is both comparable with and complementary to the well-known genetic analysis methods, pLI and VIRlof. Application of the ethnicity-specific hrVI analysis to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) national repository, containing 20,791 cases and 24,440 controls, identified 114 candidate T2DM-associated genes, 8.8-fold greater than that of ethnicity-blind analysis. All the genes identified are defined as either pathogenic or likely-pathogenic in ClinVar database, with 33.3% diabetes-associated and 54.4% obesity-associated genes. These results demonstrate the utility of hrVI analysis and provide the first genetic evidence by clustering patterns of how genetic variations among ethnicities may impede the discovery of diabetes and foreseeably other disease-associated genes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes-associated%20genes" title="diabetes-associated genes">diabetes-associated genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20health%20disparities" title=" ethnic health disparities"> ethnic health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20variant%20index" title=" high-risk variant index"> high-risk variant index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hrVI" title=" hrVI"> hrVI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T2DM" title=" T2DM"> T2DM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131697/high-risk-gene-variant-profiling-models-ethnic-disparities-in-diabetes-vulnerability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20leptospiras&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20leptospiras&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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