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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types of housing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_housing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of housing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Affordable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affordable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Affordable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affordable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Apartment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Single-family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single-family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Single-family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single-family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Townhouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Townhouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Townhouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Townhouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Concerns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Concerns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cost_of_living" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost_of_living"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cost of living</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost_of_living-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shortage_of_housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shortage_of_housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Shortage of housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shortage_of_housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Public_housing%2C_Alexandria%2C_Virginia_-_2.jpeg/220px-Public_housing%2C_Alexandria%2C_Virginia_-_2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Public_housing%2C_Alexandria%2C_Virginia_-_2.jpeg/330px-Public_housing%2C_Alexandria%2C_Virginia_-_2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Public_housing%2C_Alexandria%2C_Virginia_-_2.jpeg/440px-Public_housing%2C_Alexandria%2C_Virginia_-_2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Public housing in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Housing in Virginia</b> comes in a wide variety of forms, from <a href="/wiki/Single-family_detached_home" title="Single-family detached home">single-family homes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">apartment complexes</a>. The rate of home ownership in the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> was measured at 69.1% in 2023, a 2.5% increase from 2022's figure of 67.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with much of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, housing in Virginia is extremely commodified. As with the rest of the United States and much of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">western world</a>, Virginia has an extreme <a href="/wiki/Affordable_housing_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Affordable housing crisis">crisis regarding housing affordability and availability</a>. It is extremely prevalent in the state, with estimates saying that over 10% of the population lives below the poverty line.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> reported in 2023 that the median cost for rent is $1,440, around $300 lower than the US average of $1,739. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_housing">Types of housing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affordable">Affordable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Affordable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mostly an issue in major urban centers such as <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Affordable_housing" title="Affordable housing">affordable (or low-income) housing</a> is housing that is cheaper than the market in order to provide a home for people that have low income. Those most likely to be affected by the lack in affordable housing, a Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC) study found, were renters, with low incomes, that live in urban centers, and work in common and essential occupations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The study reported that 67% of cost-burdened households live in major population centers like <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a>, with the majority of them being in Hampton Roads than the rest of the state. The most likely professions to need affordable housing were <a href="/wiki/Home_health_aides" class="mw-redirect" title="Home health aides">home health aides</a> ($22,000 salary), <a href="/wiki/Teaching_assistant" title="Teaching assistant">teaching assistants</a> ($29,000 salary), <a href="/wiki/Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">bus drivers</a> ($45,000 salary), and <a href="/wiki/Social_work" title="Social work">social workers</a> ($51,000 salary). The same study further reported that the state has a shortage of at least 200,000 affordable housing units.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartment">Apartment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Apartment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Larger apartment buildings are the second-largest group of houses to have been constructed in the past decade, only behind single-family homes. Multi-family apartments account for less than one in every four homes in Virginia. Almost half of renters (46%) live in large <a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">apartment complexes</a> with five or more units. These apartments are more likely to be <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">leased</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">owned</a>; only 5% of owners live in multifamily buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increase in the construction of apartments is most noticeable in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and Hampton Roads. However, as of 2020, they were still behind four of Virginia's six small housing markets in terms of multi-family apartments. Since 2010, the construction of apartments has been largest in the <a href="/wiki/Blacksburg%E2%80%93Christiansburg_metropolitan_area" title="Blacksburg–Christiansburg metropolitan area">Blacksburg-Christiansburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a> areas. In 2020, more than three-quarters of all new homes in the Blackburg-Christiansburg area were apartments, most likely due to an influx of graduates from <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radford_University" title="Radford University">Radford University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-family">Single-family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Single-family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_population_housing_graph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Virginia_population_housing_graph.png/220px-Virginia_population_housing_graph.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Virginia_population_housing_graph.png/330px-Virginia_population_housing_graph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Virginia_population_housing_graph.png/440px-Virginia_population_housing_graph.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>A graph showing the rate of growth between Virginia's population (blue) and newly built houses (pink)</figcaption></figure> <p>A majority of Virginians live in single-family homes, and they make up nearly all newly built homes in the commonwealth. The rate of single-family home production has more than tripled that of multi-family home production.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to other states, it has the 9th largest amount of single-family homes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extends into the neighboring state of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, even going throughout much of the rural <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Crescent" title="Piedmont Crescent">Piedmont Crescent</a>. A majority of these are in suburban markets, with most of them being built before 2008 (due to the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">2008 housing crisis</a>). A joint study by <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Housing" title="Virginia Housing">Virginia Housing</a> and the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) found that for every home built in an urban core of a small or rural city, more than three single-family homes were built in suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To further this, over 94% of owned houses in Virginia have a porch, deck, or patio of some sort.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Townhouse">Townhouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Townhouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">Townhouses</a> have only been a fraction of Virginia's newly constructed houses in the past decade, despite being the most affordable to construct. According to the Richmond Association of Realtors, the median sales price of a townhouse in the <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> metro area was $388,000 in September 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average sales price was around $405,000, a 4,3% difference. There were 347 new listings for townhouses in September 2024, but only 272 were pending, and 226 of those were closed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to apartments, lots of townhouses have been built in the Blackburg-Christiansburg area due to an influx of graduates from schools such as Virginia Tech and Radford University.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concerns">Concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cost_of_living">Cost of living</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cost of living"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Rent.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Virginia_Rent.webp/220px-Virginia_Rent.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Virginia_Rent.webp/330px-Virginia_Rent.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Virginia_Rent.webp/440px-Virginia_Rent.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Infographic showing the cost of rent in across Virginia's counties and cities</figcaption></figure> <p>In Virginia, around 264 thousand renter households (24%) are extremely low-income. 76% of these have a severe cost burden in terms of their home. The average income for a four-person extremely low-income household is $35,110, and the annual household income need to afford a two-bedroom rental home is $62,925.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median income in Virginia is $89,931, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shortage_of_housing">Shortage of housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shortage of housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certainly not unique across the US, Virginia's shortage of housing has led to a sharp increase in rising rents and rising home prices.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Restrictive <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> has only added fuel to the fire, blocking lower-cost starter homes from being built with methods such as long permit processes and large minimum lot requirements. This prevents builders from building houses to fill the housing gap as they had done in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_in_Virginia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/VAHOWN">"Homeownership Rate for Virginia"</a>. <i>fred.stlouisfed.org</i>. 2024-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vadogwood.com&rft.atitle=Virginia+legislators+eye+anti-rent+gouging%2C+zoning+changes+to+address+housing+challenges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvadogwood.com%2F2024%2F10%2F15%2Fvirginia-housing-challenges%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DVirginia%2520has%2520been%2520in%2520a%2Cfaced%2520by%2520low-income%2520Virginians.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousing+in+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2024/01/22/how-restrictive-zoning-in-virginia-has-hurt-housing-affordability">"How Restrictive Zoning in Virginia Has Hurt Housing Affordability"</a>. <i>pew.org</i>. 2024-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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